Population management of waterfowl requires an understanding of the effects of changes in hunting regulations on harvest and survival rates. Mean survival and recovery rates of American black ducks (Anas rubripes) were estimated during 3 periods of increasingly restrictive harvest regulations: 1950-66, 1967-82, and 1983-93. From the first to the second period, direct recovery rates declined for at least 1 age class in 4 of 6 reference areas, with a mean decline of 14% for adult and 7% for immature black ducks. From the second to the third period, direct recovery rates declined in all areas, declines averaging 37% for adults and 27% for immatures. Estimated mean survival rates increased from the first to the second period, consistent with a model of additivity of hunting mortality. Limited evidence existed for increases in survival rates from the second to the third period for immature males. For adults, however, survival increased less between these periods than would be expected if hunting mortality were additive and changes in recovery rates were proportional to changes in hunting mortality. Changes in survival and recovery rates of black ducks banded postseason were similar to those of adults banded preseason. Comparisons among estimates by degree blocks of latitude and longitude indicate that, at least between 1967 and 1983, estimated survival rates of immature and adult black ducks were lower in areas with high direct recovery rates. Smaller samples of banded birds and changes in banding locations in recent years may be limiting ability to evaluate consequences of recent changes in harvest rates. These correlation-based studies are limited in their ability to explain causes of observed changes in survival rates, suggesting the need for alternative approaches such as adaptive harvest management to increase understanding of the effects of hunting on black duck populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802021","usgsCitation":"Francis, C.M., Sauer, J., and Serie, J.R., 1998, Effect of restrictive harvest regulations on survival and recovery rates of American black ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 4, p. 1544-1557, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1544","endPage":"1557","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.19982973337184,\n 49.90786113760572\n ],\n [\n -93.19982973337184,\n 36.296451419433524\n ],\n [\n -62.64111430587303,\n 36.296451419433524\n ],\n [\n -62.64111430587303,\n 49.90786113760572\n ],\n [\n -93.19982973337184,\n 49.90786113760572\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0600e4b0c8380cd51088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francis, Charles M.","contributorId":195680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francis","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Serie, Jerome R.","contributorId":174564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serie","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27923,"text":"wri974238 - 1998 - Shallow ground-water quality beneath row crops and orchards in the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri974238","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4238","title":"Shallow ground-water quality beneath row crops and orchards in the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project area, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974238","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., and Roberts, L., 1998, Shallow ground-water quality beneath row crops and orchards in the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project area, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4238, v, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974238.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56741,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f4178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. L.","contributorId":27065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, L.M.","contributorId":84355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194247,"text":"70194247 - 1998 - An enthusiast's guide to agrostology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T19:41:39.075721","indexId":"70194247","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5521,"text":"Trends in Plant Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An enthusiast's guide to agrostology","docAbstract":"Book review of: Population Biology of Grasses
edited by G.P. Cheplick
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","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01322-3","usgsCitation":"Pyke, D.A., 1998, An enthusiast's guide to agrostology: Trends in Plant Science, v. 3, no. 10, p. 406-407, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01322-3.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"407","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612735e4b06e28e9c25ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64497,"text":"i2549 - 1998 - Geological map and Landsat image map of parts of Loralai, Sibi Quetta, and Khuzar divisions, Balochistan Province, west-central Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:55","indexId":"i2549","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2549","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geological map and Landsat image map of parts of Loralai, Sibi Quetta, and Khuzar divisions, Balochistan Province, west-central Pakistan","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2549","isbn":"0607885440","usgsCitation":"Maldonado, F., Khan, S., Mengal, J., and Thomas, J., 1998, Geological map and Landsat image map of parts of Loralai, Sibi Quetta, and Khuzar divisions, Balochistan Province, west-central Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2549, 2 maps :col. ;66 x 77 cm. or smaller., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2549.","productDescription":"2 maps :col. ;66 x 77 cm. or smaller.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100778,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2549/plate-1.pdf","size":"19984","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100779,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2549/plate-2.pdf","size":"16263","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.5,29.5 ], [ 66.5,31 ], [ 68.5,31 ], [ 68.5,29.5 ], [ 66.5,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6874ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maldonado, Florian fmaldona@usgs.gov","contributorId":805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Florian","email":"fmaldona@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":271072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khan, S.H.","contributorId":38622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mengal, J.M.","contributorId":62654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengal","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, J.C.","contributorId":95435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29347,"text":"wri974208 - 1998 - Surface-water quality at fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, and the effects of natural and human factors, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T13:40:40","indexId":"wri974208","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4208","title":"Surface-water quality at fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, and the effects of natural and human factors, 1993-95","docAbstract":"Streamwater samples were collected from April 1993 through July 1995 at 11 fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Water samples were collected monthly at all Fixed Sites, and an additional two to four samples were collected each year during periods of high flow. Streamflow was monitored continuously at the Fixed Sites for the duration of the study period. This report describes field techniques used to collect the water samples, and the analytical methods used for laboratory analyses, statistical analyses of the data, and an attempt to determine the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on concentrations of nutrients and selected major ions and suspended solids.
Locations of eight of the Fixed Sites were selected to represent areas with unique combinations of land use/land cover, surficial deposits, and bedrock geology and are referred to as 'indicator sites.' The remaining three sites were located near the mouths of major rivers and are referred to as 'integrator sites.' The integrator sites represent a large part of the total flow from the Study Unit to Green Bay and western Lake Michigan, and drain various combinations of land use, bedrock, and surficial deposits.
These data indicate that land use and surficial deposits may be the primary factors affecting nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations in this Study Unit. Median concentrations of nitrate at the forested sites were less than the National Median Concentration (NMC), and those at urban fixed sites were similar to the NMC. Median nitrate concentrations at the Tomorrow River, North Branch Milwaukee River, and Duck Creek agricultural indicator sites were twice the NMC, but median concentrations at the remaining agricultural indicator sites were similar to the NMC. Nitrate concentrations at one agricultural indicator site exceeded the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level in three run-off samples in the growing seasons of 1994 and 1995.
Median concentrations of total phosphorus at the forested indicator sites were below the NMC. Tomorrow River was the only agricultural indicator site where the median total-phosphorus concentration was less than the NMC; median concentrations at the remaining agricultural Fixed Sites were similar to the NMC and exceeded 0.1 mg/L, the USEPA suggested total-phosphorus concentration in flowing water. The USEPA recommends that total-phosphorus concentration not exceed this limit to discourage excessive aquatic plant growth in flowing waters. Median total-phosphorus concentration at the urban indicator site was less than the urban NMC.
Median concentrations for both nitrate and total phosphorus at the mouth of the Fox River and the Milwaukee River integrator sites were similar to the NMC for the dominant land use, agriculture, within their basins, and were lower than that at the Menominee River integrator site with a dominant forest land use.
During this study, potassium concentrations were generally highest in areas of clay-dominated surficial deposits, silica was generally highest in areas of sandy surficial deposits, iron generally highest in areas of igneous/metamorphic bedrock, and calcium generally highest in areas of carbonate bedrock. The highest median fluoride concentration occurred at an urban site that receives treated water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Middleton, WI","doi":"10.3133/wri974208","usgsCitation":"Richards, K., Sullivan, D.J., and Stewart, J., 1998, Surface-water quality at fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, and the effects of natural and human factors, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4208, viii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974208.","productDescription":"viii, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2310,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri974208","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4208/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Western Lake Michigan drainages","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.429443359375,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 46.41513877649202\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 46.53619267489863\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 46.626806395355175\n ],\n [\n -88.033447265625,\n 46.7549166192819\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 46.7549166192819\n ],\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -88.934326171875,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -89.176025390625,\n 46.52863469527167\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 46.32417161725694\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 45.4524242413431\n ],\n [\n -90.142822265625,\n 44.56699093657141\n ],\n [\n -90.274658203125,\n 43.667871610117494\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 42.819580715795915\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -87.791748046875,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 44.07969327425713\n ],\n [\n -87.308349609375,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.22848059584359\n ],\n [\n -86.781005859375,\n 45.43700828867389\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -86.429443359375,\n 45.61403741135093\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, K.D.","contributorId":28635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, J.S.","contributorId":65890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23827,"text":"ofr98333 - 1998 - Montana aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T15:18:15.384965","indexId":"ofr98333","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-333","title":"Montana aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98330A","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., and Walsh, G.J., 1998, Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Mount Carmel quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-330, 1 Plate: 46.31 x 31.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98330A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 46.31 x 31.76 inches","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399991,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17795.htm"},{"id":164417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0330a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Mount Carmel quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.0000,\n 43.7500\n ],\n [\n -72.8750,\n 43.7500\n ],\n [\n -72.8750,\n 43.8750\n ],\n [\n -73.0000,\n 43.8750\n ],\n [\n -73.0000,\n 43.7500\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":207546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32056,"text":"ofr98240B - 1998 - An assessment of in-place gas in tight and near-tight reservoirs, Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming; computer spreadsheets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T11:48:43","indexId":"ofr98240B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-240","chapter":"B","title":"An assessment of in-place gas in tight and near-tight reservoirs, Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming; computer spreadsheets","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr98240B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., Johnson, R.C., and Lowell, B., 1998, An assessment of in-place gas in tight and near-tight reservoirs, Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming; computer spreadsheets: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-240, 3 Disks: 37 files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98240B.","productDescription":"3 Disks: 37 files","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269642,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0240b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684e14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R. C. 0000-0002-6197-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":101621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowell, B.G.","contributorId":14444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowell","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32050,"text":"ofr98123A - 1998 - Digital bedrock geologic map of the Vermont part of the Hartland quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T21:21:37.784509","indexId":"ofr98123A","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-123","chapter":"A","title":"Digital bedrock geologic map of the Vermont part of the Hartland quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98123A","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., 1998, Digital bedrock geologic map of the Vermont part of the Hartland quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-123, Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 60.04 x 29.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98123A.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 60.04 x 29.54 inches","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":108808,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17764.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"17764"},{"id":60209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0123a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0123a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","county":"Windsor County","otherGeospatial":"Hartland quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.625\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -72.375,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -72.375,\n 43.625\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.625\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24392,"text":"ofr98186 - 1998 - Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24392,"text":"ofr98186 - 1998 - Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon","indexId":"ofr98186","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2631,"text":"wsp2465B - 1999 - Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon","indexId":"wsp2465B","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2631,"text":"wsp2465B - 1999 - Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon","indexId":"wsp2465B","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr98186","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-186","title":"Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98186","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S., Wood, T.M., and Lynch, D.D., 1998, Modeling discharge, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-186, viii, 122 p. :ill. (some col.), map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98186.","productDescription":"viii, 122 p. :ill. (some col.), map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, S.A.","contributorId":88395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, T. M.","contributorId":28273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, D. D.","contributorId":12075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24109,"text":"ofr98179 - 1998 - Water-quality assessment of the Upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming; quality-control data, water years 1992-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr98179","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-179","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming; quality-control data, water years 1992-96","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98179","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ott, D., 1998, Water-quality assessment of the Upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming; quality-control data, water years 1992-96: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-179, vi, 172 p. :maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98179.","productDescription":"vi, 172 p. :maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb52d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ott, D.S.","contributorId":86366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ott","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23719,"text":"ofr98251 - 1998 - Pre- and post-operational effects of a temperature control device on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of Shasta Lake, California.; Phase 1, spring 1995 through fall 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"ofr98251","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-251","title":"Pre- and post-operational effects of a temperature control device on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of Shasta Lake, California.; Phase 1, spring 1995 through fall 1997","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98251","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lieberman, D., and Horn, M., 1998, Pre- and post-operational effects of a temperature control device on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of Shasta Lake, California.; Phase 1, spring 1995 through fall 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-251, 126 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98251.","productDescription":"126 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52964,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db68196a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lieberman, D.M.","contributorId":32567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lieberman","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horn, M.J.","contributorId":56607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28279,"text":"wri974258 - 1998 - Trace-element enrichment in streambed sediment and crayfish, Carson and Truckee rivers, Nevada and California, September 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri974258","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4258","title":"Trace-element enrichment in streambed sediment and crayfish, Carson and Truckee rivers, Nevada and California, September 1992","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/wri974258","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, S., 1998, Trace-element enrichment in streambed sediment and crayfish, Carson and Truckee rivers, Nevada and California, September 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4258, 16 p. :col. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974258.","productDescription":"16 p. :col. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4258/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57099,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4258/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6271bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, S.J.","contributorId":67922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26969,"text":"wri964031 - 1998 - Reconnaissance hydrogeology and water quality of the Swinomish Indian Reservation, Skagit County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri964031","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4031","title":"Reconnaissance hydrogeology and water quality of the Swinomish Indian Reservation, Skagit County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964031","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S., and Jones, J.L., 1998, Reconnaissance hydrogeology and water quality of the Swinomish Indian Reservation, Skagit County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4031, iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964031.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4031/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55854,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4031/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55855,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63ebf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, S.S.","contributorId":8448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J. L.","contributorId":27065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23590,"text":"ofr98334 - 1998 - Resistivity of Lake Valley Fault from audiomagnetotelluric measurements, Sierra County, southern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr98334","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-334","title":"Resistivity of Lake Valley Fault from audiomagnetotelluric measurements, Sierra County, southern New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98334","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Klein, D.P., and Wise, R.A., 1998, Resistivity of Lake Valley Fault from audiomagnetotelluric measurements, Sierra County, southern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-334, iii, 74 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98334.","productDescription":"iii, 74 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0334/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0334/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, D. P.","contributorId":36555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wise, R. A.","contributorId":79124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28899,"text":"wri974246 - 1998 - A simulation-optimization model for water-resources management, Santa Barbara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri974246","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4246","title":"A simulation-optimization model for water-resources management, Santa Barbara, California","docAbstract":"In times of drought, the local water supplies of the city of Santa Barbara, California, are insufficient to satisfy water demand. In response, the city has built a seawater desalination plant and gained access to imported water in 1997. Of primary concern to the city is delivering water from the various sources at a minimum cost while satisfying water demand and controlling seawater intrusion that might result from the overpumping of ground water.\r\nA simulation-optimization model has been developed for the optimal management of Santa Barbara?s water resources. The objective is to minimize the cost of water supply while satisfying various physical and institutional constraints such as meeting water demand, maintaining minimum hydraulic heads at selected sites, and not exceeding water-delivery or pumping capacities. The model is formulated as a linear programming problem with monthly management periods and a total planning horizon of 5 years. The decision variables are water deliveries from surface water (Gibraltar Reservoir, Cachuma Reservoir, Cachuma Reservoir cumulative annual carryover, Mission Tunnel, State Water Project, and desalinated seawater) and ground water (13 production wells). The state variables are hydraulic heads. Basic assumptions for all simulations are that (1) the cost of water varies with source but is fixed over time, and (2) only existing or planned city wells are considered; that is, the construction of new wells is not allowed.\r\nThe drought of 1947?51 is Santa Barbara?s worst drought on record, and simulated surface-water supplies for this period were used as a basis for testing optimal management of current water resources under drought conditions. Assumptions that were made for this base case include a head constraint equal to sea level at the coastal nodes; Cachuma Reservoir carryover of 3,000 acre-feet per year, with a maximum carryover of 8,277 acre-feet; a maximum annual demand of 15,000 acre-feet; and average monthly capacities for the Cachuma and the Gibraltar Reservoirs. The base-case results indicate that water demands can be met, with little water required from the most expensive water source (desalinated seawater), at a total cost of $5.56 million over the 5-year planning horizon. The simulation model has drains, which operate as nonlinear functions of heads and could affect the model solutions. However, numerical tests show that the drains have little effect on the optimal solution.\r\nSensitivity analyses on the base case yield the following results: If allowable Cachuma Reservoir carryover is decreased by about 50 percent, then costs increase by about 14 percent; if the peak demand is decreased by 7 percent, then costs will decrease by about 14 percent; if the head constraints are loosened to -30 feet, then the costs decrease by about 18 percent; if the heads are constrained such that a zero hydraulic gradient condition occurs at the ocean boundary, then the optimization problem does not have a solution; if the capacity of the desalination plant is constrained to zero acre-feet, then the cost increases by about 2 percent; and if the carryover of State Water Project water is implemented, then the cost decreases by about 0.5 percent.\r\nFour additional monthly diversion distribution scenarios for the reservoirs were tested: average monthly Cachuma Reservoir deliveries with the actual (scenario 1) and proposed (scenario 2) monthly distributions of Gibraltar Reservoir water, and variable monthly Cachuma Reservoir deliveries with the actual (scenario 3) and proposed (scenario 4) monthly distributions of Gibraltar Reservoir water. Scenario 1 resulted in a total cost of about $7.55 million, scenario 2 resulted in a total cost of about $5.07 million, and scenarios 3 and 4 resulted in a total cost of about $4.53 million.\r\nSensitivities of the scenarios 1 and 2 to desalination-plant capacity and State Water Project water carryover were tested. The scenario 1 sensitivity analysis indicated that incorpo","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri974246","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., 1998, A simulation-optimization model for water-resources management, Santa Barbara, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4246, vii, 99 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974246.","productDescription":"vii, 99 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57774,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":34234,"text":"b2147 - 1998 - Engineering geology applied to the design and operation of underground coal mines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:32","indexId":"b2147","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2147","title":"Engineering geology applied to the design and operation of underground coal mines","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/b2147","usgsCitation":"Dunrud, C., 1998, Engineering geology applied to the design and operation of underground coal mines: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2147, vi, 134 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2147.","productDescription":"vi, 134 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2147/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2147/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6027b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunrud, C. Richard","contributorId":48964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunrud","given":"C. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32059,"text":"ofr98353B - 1998 - Antarctic ice sheet; computer animations and paper model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:22","indexId":"ofr98353B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-353","chapter":"B","title":"Antarctic ice sheet; computer animations and paper model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr98353B","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., and Cooper, A.K., 1998, Antarctic ice sheet; computer animations and paper model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-353, One 3.5 inch DS/HD Macintosh-compatible diskette. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98353B.","productDescription":"One 3.5 inch DS/HD Macintosh-compatible diskette. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, T. R.","contributorId":20715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32053,"text":"ofr98183 - 1998 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr98183","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-183","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1997","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr98183","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1998, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-183, One over-size sheet. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98183.","productDescription":"One over-size sheet. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60210,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, M. L.","contributorId":47401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25823,"text":"wri974248 - 1998 - Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in an urban part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T22:54:03.562167","indexId":"wri974248","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4248","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in an urban part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1996","docAbstract":"In the spring of 1996, the Upper Mississippi River Basin Study Unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program drilled 30 shallow monitoring wells in a study area characterized by urban residential and commercial land uses. The monitoring wells were installed in sandy river-terrace deposits adjacent to the Mississippi River in Anoka and Hennepin Counties, Minnesota, in areas where urban development primarily occurred during the past 30 years.
\nAnalyses of sediments collected during well drilling indicated that at most well sites the aquifer materials had relatively high hydraulic conductivities (ranging from 0.01 to 238 feet per day), and relatively low organic carbon contents (0.10 to 41 grams per kilogram), indicating a high susceptibility to leaching of fertilizers and organic substances used on the land surface. Sediment pH values, which can affect leaching of pesticides, were generally alkaline, ranging from 5.1 to 9.6.
\nGround-water levels ranged from 2.39 to 23.14 feet below land surface, and indicated that shallow ground water flows primarily toward the Mississippi River. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in water samples from the wells were generally less than 3 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and specific conductances were generally greater than 600 microsiemens per centimeter. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate were the primary dissolved constituents in the water samples. Sodium and chloride concentrations were generally greater than commonly reported in the region, probably due to leaching of sodium chloride applied to roads during the winter. Most tracemetal concentrations in ground-water samples were less than 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), but concentrations of iron and manganese commonly exceeded Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of 300 and 50 μg/L, respectively. Mineral saturation indices indicated that calcite, dolomite, and gypsum were slightly undersaturated in most water samples, and that quartz, and many oxides and hydroxides of iron and manganese were oversaturated in all of the water samples.
\nConcentrations of nitrate nitrogen, the primary nutrient of concern in ground water, ranged from less than 0.05 to 16 mg/L, with a median concentration of 1.4 mg/L. Dissolved phosphorus concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 1.5 mg/L in the water samples, with a median concentration of 0.02 mg/L. Water from one well was oversaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, a phosphatic mineral used as a fertilizer.
\nPesticide compounds were detected in water samples from 16 wells, but concentrations of those compounds were less than 1.0 μg/L. Prometon, an herbicide commonly used for right-of-way weed control, was detected in water samples from 10 of the wells. Atrazine, and its metabolite deethylatrazine, were detectable in water samples from 6 and 8 wells, respectively. Atrazine is commonly applied to land planted with corn and is detectable in rainfall and air samples in concentrations of less than 1 ng/L in the urban land use study area. Other detected pesticide compounds, which are used in agriculture, right-of-way weed control, or lawn care included: tebuthiuron, EPTC, p,p'-DDE, metolachlor, simazine, bentazon, and bromacil.
\nVolatile organic compounds were detected in water samples from 26 wells, but the concentrations of most of those compounds were less than 1 μg/L. Carbon disulfide, which may be produced by bacteria in soils, was the most commonly detected volatile organic compound in water samples from the wells. Other detected volatile organic compounds included: methyl chloride, acetone, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrahydrofuran, trichlorofluoromethane, methyl iodide, 1,1-dichloroethane, chloroform, toluene, trichloroethane, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, methylene chloride, bromodichloromethane, benzene, methylisobutylketone, ethyl ether, and tetrachloroethene.
\nTritium concentrations, analyzed in water samples from 15 of the 30 wells, indicated that shallow ground water has been recharged since the mid-1950's, and that shallow ground water should be affected by urban development that has taken place over the past 40 years.
\nLand uses in the urban land use study area affected the concentrations of some water-quality constituents. Concentrations of nitrate and chloride, and frequencies of detection of pesticides and of volatile organic compounds, were greater in water samples from the surficial sand and gravel aquifer underlying the urban land use study area than in water samples from similar aquifers from part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment study unit. Land uses within 500-meter radii of each well were quantified by digitizing overlays of aerial photographs that were verified and updated in the field. Concentrations of magnesium and sulfate were greater in ground water beneath areas of denser residential development, which may be a natural artifact of better drainage and a deeper water table in those areas. Frequencies of detection of some pesticides and volatile organic compounds were greater in water from wells with greater proportions of industrial and transportation land uses. Ground water in areas with less dense residential development, mostly the more recently-developed areas, tended to have greater concentrations of agricultural herbicides and some nutrients probably a relict of previous agricultural land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974248","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W., Fong, A.L., Harrod, L., and Dittes, M.E., 1998, Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in an urban part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4248, viii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974248.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391497,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48855.htm"},{"id":54573,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4248/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.4,\n 45.233333\n ],\n [\n -93.25,\n 45.233333\n ],\n \n [\n -93.25,\n 45.0833\n ],\n [\n -93.4,\n 45.0833\n ],\n [\n -93.4,\n 45.233333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, W. J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fong, A. L.","contributorId":58309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrod, Leigh","contributorId":63053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrod","given":"Leigh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dittes, M. E.","contributorId":94343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittes","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4869,"text":"ds38 - 1998 - Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4869,"text":"ds38 - 1998 - Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds38","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70037891,"text":"ds656 - 2012 - Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds656","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70037891,"text":"ds656 - 2012 - Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds656","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"ds38","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"38","title":"Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains vector-based digital geologic maps of the surficial deposits in parts of 23 states where continental glaciation occurred during the Quaternary. These maps, at 1:1,000,000-scale, include the texture of the surface sediments and the total thickness of Quaternary sediments. Map compilation was based on about 850 sources of information. These maps are also published in paper form, as U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous investigations Series Map I-1970-A, B, C, and D.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey ;\r\nFor sale by USGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/ds38","isbn":"0607911573","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., and Packard, P.H., 1998, Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 38, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds38.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds38/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.51777777777778,36.48444444444444 ], [ -112.51777777777778,49.36805555555556 ], [ -67,49.36805555555556 ], [ -67,36.48444444444444 ], [ -112.51777777777778,36.48444444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Packard, Patricia H. ppackard@usgs.gov","contributorId":3268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"Patricia","email":"ppackard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":149982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23989,"text":"ofr98252 - 1998 - Distribution, migratory behavior, and habitat use of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr98252","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-252","title":"Distribution, migratory behavior, and habitat use of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98252","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., Marsh, P., and Knowles, G., 1998, Distribution, migratory behavior, and habitat use of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-252, 88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98252.","productDescription":"88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53176,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0252/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon","contributorId":7729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, Paul","contributorId":63425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knowles, G.W.","contributorId":21580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24291,"text":"ofr98330B - 1998 - Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Carmel 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T20:39:23.873802","indexId":"ofr98330B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-330","chapter":"B","title":"Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Carmel 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98330B","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., and Walsh, G.J., 1998, Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Carmel 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-330, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98330B.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155046,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17795.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":379589,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0330b/application.zip","text":"Disks","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Mount Carmel quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.0000,\n 43.7500\n ],\n [\n -72.8750,\n 43.7500\n ],\n [\n -72.8750,\n 43.8750\n ],\n [\n -73.0000,\n 43.8750\n ],\n [\n -73.0000,\n 43.7500\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":510966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":510965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}