Twenty-one wells were drilled at Crossley Farms Superfund Site between December 15, 1987, and May 1, 1988, to define and monitor the horizontal and vertical distribution of ground-water contamination emanating from a suspected contaminant source area (Blackhead Hill). Eight well clusters were drilled on or near the Crossley Site and three well clusters were drilled at locations hydrologically down gradient from the site. Depths of wells range from 21 to 299 feet below land surface. These wells were installed in saprolite in shallow, intermediate, and deep water-producing zones of the fractured bedrock aquifer.
Borehole-geophysical and video logging were conducted between April 24, 1997, and May 8, 1997, to determine the water-producing zones, water-receiving zones, zones of vertical flow, borehole depth, and casing integrity in each well. This data and interpretation will be used to determine the location of the well intake for the existing open-hole wells, which will be retrofitted to isolate and monitor water-producing zones and prevent further cross-contamination within each open borehole, and identify wells that may need rehabilitation or replacement.
Caliper and video logs were used to locate fractures, inflections on fluid-temperature and fluid-resistivity logs indicated possible fluid-bearing fractures, and flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Single-point-resistance and natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, video logs, and driller's notes, all wells will be constructed so that water-level fluctuations can be monitored and discrete water samples collected from shallow, intermediate, and deep water-bearing zones in each well.
Geophysical logs were run on seven bedrock and two deep bedrock wells. Gamma logs were run on 10 bedrock wells. Twenty-two wells were inspected visually with the borehole video camera for casing integrity.
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U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(98)00014-1","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., 1998, Pebble orientation on large, experimental debris-flow deposits: Sedimentary Geology, v. 117, no. 3-4, p. 151-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(98)00014-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7623e4b0c8380cd77f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171487,"text":"70171487 - 1998 - Total phosphorus and total nitrogen mass balances for Lago de Cidra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:30:39","indexId":"70171487","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-14T15:45:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"subchapterNumber":"Total phosphorus and total nitrogen mass balances for Lago de Cidra, central Puerto Rico","title":"Total phosphorus and total nitrogen mass balances for Lago de Cidra","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"July 12-16, 1998","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","language":"English","publisher":"AWRA","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","issn":"0731-9789","isbn":"1-882132-43-2","usgsCitation":"Ramos-Gines, O., 1998, Total phosphorus and total nitrogen mass balances for Lago de Cidra, in Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, July 12-16, 1998, p. 51-55.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5750076ee4b0ee97d51bb6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramos-Gines, Orlando","contributorId":98358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramos-Gines","given":"Orlando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020766,"text":"70020766 - 1998 - Evidence against hydrogen-based microbial ecosystems in basalt aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T15:50:58.813919","indexId":"70020766","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence against hydrogen-based microbial ecosystems in basalt aquifers","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that hydrogen produced from basalt-ground-water interactions may serve as an energy source that supports the existence of microorganisms in the deep subsurface on Earth and possibly on other planets. 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These findings indicate that hydrogen production from basalt-ground-water interactions may not support microbial metabolism in the subsurface.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.281.5379.976","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.T., Chapelle, F.H., and Lovley, D.R., 1998, Evidence against hydrogen-based microbial ecosystems in basalt aquifers: Science, v. 281, no. 5379, p. 976-977, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5379.976.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"976","endPage":"977","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.7481915997431,\n 44.960365088254775\n ],\n [\n -116.7481915997431,\n 41.99657199894514\n ],\n [\n -110.9544080763378,\n 41.99657199894514\n ],\n [\n -110.9544080763378,\n 44.960365088254775\n ],\n [\n -116.7481915997431,\n 44.960365088254775\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"281","issue":"5379","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d26e4b0c8380cd52e3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Robert T.","contributorId":178193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171318,"text":"70171318 - 1998 - Water budgets of forested and agriculturally-developed watershed in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T14:49:27","indexId":"70171318","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-13T15:30:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water budgets of forested and agriculturally-developed watershed in Puerto Rico","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"12-16 July, 1998","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, PR","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Concepcion, I., 1998, Water budgets of forested and agriculturally-developed watershed in Puerto Rico, in Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress, San Juan, PR, 12-16 July, 1998, p. 199-204.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3ee4b07e28b664dc1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Concepcion, I.M.","contributorId":58798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Concepcion","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177759,"text":"70177759 - 1998 - Lanai Hookbill (Dysmorodrepanis munroi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:10:40","indexId":"70177759","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":161,"text":"Birds of North America","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 336","title":"Lanai Hookbill (Dysmorodrepanis munroi","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academy of Natural Sciences and American Ornithologist's Union","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA and Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2173/bna.336","usgsCitation":"Snetsinger, T.J., Reynolds, M., and Hermann, C.M., 1998, Lanai Hookbill (Dysmorodrepanis munroi: Birds of North America No. 336, https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.336.","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c6e4b0f497e78fca95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snetsinger, Thomas J.","contributorId":176132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snetsinger","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle","contributorId":49877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hermann, Christina M.","contributorId":176131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hermann","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178643,"text":"70178643 - 1998 - Vulnerability of island tropical montane cloud forests to climate change, with special reference to East Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:13:38","indexId":"70178643","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of island tropical montane cloud forests to climate change, with special reference to East Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Island tropical montane cloud forests may be among the most sensitive of the world's ecosystems to global climate change. Measurements in and above a montane cloud forest on East Maui, Hawaii, document steep microclimatic gradients. Relatively small climate-driven shifts in patterns of atmospheric circulation are likely to trigger major local changes in rainfall, cloud cover, and humidity. Increased interannual variability in precipitation and hurricane incidence would provide additional stresses on island biota that are highly vulnerable to disturbance-related invasion of non-native species. Because of the exceptional sensitivity of these microclimates and forests to change, they may provide valuable ‘listening posts’ for detecting the onset of human-induced global climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1023/A:1005372118420","usgsCitation":"Loope, L.L., and Giambelluca, T.W., 1998, Vulnerability of island tropical montane cloud forests to climate change, with special reference to East Maui, Hawaii: Climatic Change, v. 39, no. 2, p. 503-517, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005372118420.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"517","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","county":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.46865844726562,\n 20.546651148408912\n ],\n [\n -156.46865844726562,\n 21.002471054356725\n ],\n [\n -155.9234619140625,\n 21.002471054356725\n ],\n [\n -155.9234619140625,\n 20.546651148408912\n ],\n [\n -156.46865844726562,\n 20.546651148408912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144e2e4b04fc80e5073d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Lloyd L.","contributorId":107848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giambelluca, Thomas W.","contributorId":70069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giambelluca","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70244162,"text":"70244162 - 1998 - The coseismic slip distributions of the 1940 and 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquakes and their implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T20:06:24.833154","indexId":"70244162","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-10T14:59:17","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7167,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The coseismic slip distributions of the 1940 and 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquakes and their implications","docAbstract":"Geodetic arrays observed by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey span the Imperial fault in southern California. For the 1940 M 7.1 Imperial Valley earthquake, a 1934–1941 triangulation network has sufficient resolution to allow inversion for the coseismic slip distribution on fault segments 5 to 25 km long extending from the surface to a depth of 9 km. The estimated right-lateral slip is 0.8 to 1.7 m on the northern 30 km of the main trace of the Imperial fault, 4.8±0.2 m on a 10-km-long segment straddling the United States - Mexico border, and 1.3±0.4 m on a southern 25-km-long segment in Mexico. Fixing this strike-slip model and inverting 1940 leveling data only for dip slip yields 0.1 m of east-side-down dip slip. The seismic moment for this model is M0 = (3.2±0.3) ×1019 N m. The 1979 geodetic data set, mostly elevation changes from leveling routes, has insufficient resolution for inversion. However, it is possible to use this geodetic data set and results published by others to infer that the 1940 and 1979 earthquakes may be similar on the rupture zone common to both events. Our preferred 1940 model is similar to the 1979 geodetic results of Crook [1984] on the segments where both networks have good resolution. Elevation changes from 1940 and 1979 leveling data are very similar. Thus the geodetic data corroborate the surface slip evidence of Sharp [1982b] that the 1940 and 1979 slip distributions are examples of “characteristic slip” on the northern Imperial fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB00575","usgsCitation":"King, N.E., and Thatcher, W.R., 1998, The coseismic slip distributions of the 1940 and 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquakes and their implications: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 8, p. 18069-18086, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00575.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"18069","endPage":"18086","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.25,\n 32.625\n ],\n [\n -114.75,\n 32.625\n ],\n [\n -114.75,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 33.24\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 32.625\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Nancy E. nking@usgs.gov","contributorId":586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Nancy","email":"nking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":874671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne R. 0000-0001-6324-545X thatcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-545X","contributorId":2599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","email":"thatcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70244161,"text":"70244161 - 1998 - Strain accumulation rates in the San Francisco Bay area, 1972–1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T19:57:14.736637","indexId":"70244161","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-10T14:52:02","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7167,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation rates in the San Francisco Bay area, 1972–1989","docAbstract":"Maps of the strain accumulation rate in the San Francisco Bay area have been constructed from trilateration observations extending from about 1972 until the Loma Prieta earthquake in late 1989. The observations were corrected to remove offsets imposed by shallow fault creep and by four M ∼6 earthquakes that occurred in the Bay area during that time interval. The Bay area was divided into 32 contiguous polygons, and the uniform (in both space and time) strain rates that best explain the changes in the corrected (earthquake and shallow fault creep offsets removed) distances within each polygon were calculated. In a coordinate system with the 1 axis directed N58°E and the 2 axis N32°W (perpendicular and parallel to the local tangent to the small circle drawn about the Pacific-Sierra Nevada pole of rotation) the averages of these 32 strain rates (each weighted by the area of the polygon) are ε11=9.2±7.4, ε12=−160.7±4.6, and ε22=8.2±6.2 nanostrain/yr, where extension is reckoned positive and quoted uncertainties are standard deviations. As expected from the Pacific-Sierra Nevada relative plate motion, the overall strain rate is predominantly right-lateral shear across a vertical plane striking N32°W. The net increase in the 12,225 km2 area of the trilateration network is only 212±110 m2/yr, which arises from almost equal extensions in the N32°W and N58°E directions. Within the network the strain rates vary from polygon to polygon. Significant areal dilatation rates are observed in almost ⅓ of the individual polygons and the N32°W extension rates tend to be negative to the west of the Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault trend and positive east of it. The N58E extension rate is positive in 22 out of 32 polygons, a proportion that is significantly larger than would be expected by chance if the N58°E extension rate were zero or negative. The pre-1989 strain accumulation across the eventual site of the Loma Prieta rupture involves fault normal contraction as well as right-lateral shear, consistent with the rupture mechanism.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB01574","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Simpson, R., and Murray, M., 1998, Strain accumulation rates in the San Francisco Bay area, 1972–1989: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B8, p. 18039-18051, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01574.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"18039","endPage":"18051","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.23249482472036,\n 38.55296659433287\n ],\n [\n -123.23249482472036,\n 36.79278785200748\n ],\n [\n -121.42179863381725,\n 36.79278785200748\n ],\n [\n -121.42179863381725,\n 38.55296659433287\n ],\n [\n -123.23249482472036,\n 38.55296659433287\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, M.H.","contributorId":50171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179308,"text":"70179308 - 1998 - Nest relocation using PVC \"spotters\" ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:14:50","indexId":"70179308","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest relocation using PVC \"spotters\" ","docAbstract":"A simple device to aid in the rapid relocation of nests, composed on PVC pipe and tie wire, is described. A 16-18 cm length of pipe can be attached to a supporting structure with a section of wire and adjusted to point at the target nest by its discoverer. Used like an lensless spotting scope, the “spotter” allows other observers to quickly and reliably relocate the nest with minimal written or verbal description.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Bird-Banding Association","publisherLocation":"Ipswich, NH","usgsCitation":"Simon, J.C., 1998, Nest relocation using PVC \"spotters\" : Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 69, no. 4, p. 644-646.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"646","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5864dd5ae4b0cd2dabe7c201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, John C.","contributorId":71673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198544,"text":"70198544 - 1998 - Use of 13C NMR and FTIR for elucidation of degradation pathways during natural litter decomposition and compositing. II. Changes in leaf composition after senescence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:13:45","indexId":"70198544","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-07T10:32:16","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of 13C NMR and FTIR for elucidation of degradation pathways during natural litter decomposition and compositing. II. Changes in leaf composition after senescence","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f98d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70244164,"text":"70244164 - 1998 - Seismic reflection profiles of the Puerto Rico Trench: Shortening between the North American and Caribbean plates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T20:40:49.871776","indexId":"70244164","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-01T15:31:14","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seismic reflection profiles of the Puerto Rico Trench: Shortening between the North American and Caribbean plates","docAbstract":"No 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