Program Coordinator, National Water Quality Program
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Groundwater availability studies in the arid southwestern United States traditionally have assumed that groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration (ETg) from desert playas is a significant component of the groundwater budget. However, desert playa ETg rates are poorly constrained by Bowen Ratio energy budget (BREB) and eddy-covariance (EC) micrometeorological measurement approaches. Best attempts by previous studies to constrain ETg from desert playas have resulted in ETg rates that are within the measurement error of micrometeorological approaches. This study uses numerical models to further constrain desert playa ETg rates that are within the measurement error of BREB and EC approaches, and to evaluate the effect of hydraulic properties and salinity-based groundwater-density contrasts on desert playa ETg rates. Numerical models simulated ETg rates from desert playas in Death Valley, California and Dixie Valley, Nevada. Results indicate that actual ETg rates from desert playas are significantly below the uncertainty thresholds of BREB- and EC-based micrometeorological measurements. Discharge from desert playas likely contributes less than 2 percent of total groundwater discharge from Dixie and Death Valleys, which suggests discharge from desert playas also is negligible in other basins. Simulation results also show that ETg from desert playas primarily is limited by differences in hydraulic properties between alluvial fan and playa sediments and, to a lesser extent, by salinity-based groundwater density contrasts.
We analyzed a five year, high frequency time series generated by an in situ fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensor installed near the Connecticut River’s mouth, investigating high temporal resolution DOM dynamics in a larger watershed and longer time series than previously addressed. We identified a gradient between large, saturating summer fDOM responses to discharge and linear, subdued responses during colder months. Seasonal response patterns were not consistent with multiple linear regression. Alternatively, we binned measurements across the yearly cycle using environmental indices, such as temperature, and applied moving regression, a novel approach which produced superior fits to calendar day binning. Spatially averaged watershed soil temperature at 10 cm was the best overall index of discharge-fDOM response. DOM fractionation showed fDOM was primarily a surrogate for hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) concentrations. HPOAs were highly correlated with discharge, but hydrophilics (HPIs) were not. Discharge dependent DOM concentrations driven by the HPOA fraction may be controlled by soil temperature and water table position relative to organic and mineral soil horizons. HPI concentrations were correlated with average watershed soil temperature at 10 cm but were rather stationary throughout the year, further indicating a consistent groundwater source for this nonfluorescent DOM. We present a resolved subseasonal empirical model of DOM concentrations and fluxes, showing that riverine DOM flux and quality depend heavily on seasonal terrestrial carbon dynamics and hydrologic flow paths. High frequency monitoring reveals readily discernible patterns demonstrating that upland biogeochemical signals are maintained even at this large watershed scale.
Lake Mead National Recreational Area (LMNRA) serves as critical habitat for several federally listed species and supplies water for municipal, domestic, and agricultural use in the Southwestern U.S. Contaminant sources and concentrations vary among the sub-basins within LMNRA. To investigate whether exposure to environmental contaminants is associated with alterations in male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) gamete quality and endocrine- and reproductive parameters, data were collected among sub-basins over 7 years (1999–2006). Endpoints included sperm quality parameters of motility, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, count, morphology, and DNA fragmentation; plasma components were vitellogenin (VTG), 17ß-estradiol, 11-keto-testosterone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. Fish condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and gonadal histology parameters were also measured. Diminished biomarker effects were noted in 2006, and sub-basin differences were indicated by the irregular occurrences of contaminants and by several associations between chemicals (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, galaxolide, and methyl triclosan) and biomarkers (e.g., plasma thyroxine, sperm motility and DNA fragmentation). By 2006, sex steroid hormone and VTG levels decreased with subsequent reduced endocrine disrupting effects. The sperm quality bioassays developed and applied with carp complemented endocrine and reproductive data, and can be adapted for use with other species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.041","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, J.A., Rosen, M.R., Dale, R.O., Echols, K.R., Torres, L., Wieser, C.M., Kersten, C.A., and Goodbred, S., 2018, Sperm quality biomarkers complement reproductive and endocrine parameters in investigating environmental contaminants in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the Lake Mead National Recreation Area: Environmental Research, v. 163, p. 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.041.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"164","ipdsId":"IP-087819","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NS0SS8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sperm quality biomarkers complement reproductive and endocrine parameters in investigating environmental contaminants in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the Lake Mead National Recreation Area (1999-2006)"},{"id":353048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.05020141601561,\n 35.84008157153468\n ],\n [\n -113.78402709960936,\n 35.84008157153468\n ],\n [\n -113.78402709960936,\n 36.55046568575947\n ],\n [\n -115.05020141601561,\n 36.55046568575947\n ],\n [\n -115.05020141601561,\n 35.84008157153468\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"163","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6eae4b0da30c1bfbf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dale, Rassa O. 0000-0001-8532-3287 daler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3287","contributorId":3215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Rassa","email":"daler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieser, Carla M. 0000-0002-4342-444X cwieser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-444X","contributorId":3682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"Carla","email":"cwieser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":732293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kersten, Constance A.","contributorId":201844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kersten","given":"Constance","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goodbred, S. 0000-0001-7626-9864 sgoodbred@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-9864","contributorId":194510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"S.","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70196330,"text":"70196330 - 2018 - Computational fluid dynamics simulations of the Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:48:19","indexId":"70196330","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computational fluid dynamics simulations of the Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville flood","docAbstract":"At approximately 18.0 ka, pluvial Lake Bonneville reached its maximum level. At its northeastern extent it was impounded by alluvium of the Marsh Creek Fan, which breached at some point north of Red Rock Pass (Idaho), leading to one of the largest floods on Earth. About 5320 km3 of water was discharged into the Snake River drainage and ultimately into the Columbia River. We use a 0D model and a 2D non-linear depth-averaged hydrodynamic model to aid understanding of outflow dynamics, specifically evaluating controls on the amount of water exiting the Lake Bonneville basin exerted by the Red Rock Pass outlet lithology and geometry as well as those imposed by the internal lake geometry of the Bonneville basin. These models are based on field evidence of prominent lake levels, hypsometry and terrain elevations corrected for post-flood isostatic deformation of the lake basin, as well as reconstructions of the topography at the outlet for both the initial and final stages of the flood. Internal flow dynamics in the northern Lake Bonneville basin during the flood were affected by the narrow passages separating the Cache Valley from the main body of Lake Bonneville. This constriction imposed a water-level drop of up to 2.7 m at the time of peak-flow conditions and likely reduced the peak discharge at the lake outlet by about 6%. The modeled peak outlet flow is 0.85·106 m3 s−1. Energy balance calculations give an estimate for the erodibility coefficient for the alluvial Marsh Creek divide of ∼0.005 m y−1 Pa−1.5, at least two orders of magnitude greater than for the underlying bedrock at the outlet. Computing quasi steady-state water flows, water elevations, water currents and shear stresses as a function of the water-level drop in the lake and for the sequential stages of erosion in the outlet gives estimates of the incision rates and an estimate of the outflow hydrograph during the Bonneville Flood: About 18 days would have been required for the outflow to grow from 10% to 100% of its peak value. At the time of peak flow, about 10% of the lake volume would have already exited; eroding about 1 km3 of alluvium from the outlet, and the lake level would have dropped by about 10.6 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.03.065","usgsCitation":"Abril-Hernandez, J.M., Perianez, R., O'Connor, J., and Garcia-Castellanos, D., 2018, Computational fluid dynamics simulations of the Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville flood: Journal of Hydrology, v. 561, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.03.065.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-096400","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/129885","text":"External Repository"},{"id":353067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Bonneville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"561","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6eae4b0da30c1bfbf5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abril-Hernandez, Jose M.","contributorId":203798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abril-Hernandez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36718,"text":"University of Seville, Departamento de Física Aplicada I, ETSIA, Sevilla, Spain.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perianez, Raul","contributorId":203799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perianez","given":"Raul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36719,"text":"University of Seville, Departamento de Física Aplicada I, ETSIA, Sevilla, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia-Castellanos, Daniel","contributorId":203800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Castellanos","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36720,"text":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196283,"text":"ofr20181040 - 2018 - Trends and habitat associations of waterbirds using the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T14:48:02","indexId":"ofr20181040","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1040","title":"Trends and habitat associations of waterbirds using the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"The aim of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project (hereinafter “Project”) is to restore 50–90 percent of former salt evaporation ponds to tidal marsh in San Francisco Bay (SFB). However, hundreds of thousands of waterbirds use these ponds over winter and during fall and spring migration. To ensure that existing waterbird populations are supported while tidal marsh is restored in the Project area, managers plan to enhance the habitat suitability of ponds by adding islands and berms to change pond topography, manipulating water salinity and depth, and selecting appropriate ponds to maintain for birds. To help inform these actions, we used 13 years of monthly (October–April) bird abundance data from Project ponds to (1) assess trends in waterbird abundance since the inception of the Project, and (2) evaluate which pond habitat characteristics were associated with highest abundances of different avian guilds and species. For comparison, we also evaluated waterbird abundance trends in active salt production ponds using 10 years of monthly survey data.
We assessed bird guild and species abundance trends through time, and created separate trend curves for Project and salt production ponds using data from every pond that was counted in a year. We divided abundance data into three seasons—fall (October–November), winter (December–February), and spring (March–April). We used the resulting curves to assess which periods had the highest bird abundance and to identify increasing or decreasing trends for each guild and species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181040","usgsCitation":"De La Cruz, S.E.W., Smith, L.M., Moskal, S.M., Strong, C., Krause, J., Wang, Y., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2018, Trends and habitat associations of waterbirds using the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1040, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181040.","productDescription":"viii, 136 p.","numberOfPages":"148","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-080192","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1040/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1040/ofr20181040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1040"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 37.406164630829345\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 37.406164630829345\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 37.645771969647\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 37.645771969647\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 37.406164630829345\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project (Project) is one of the largest restoration efforts in the United States. It is located in South San Francisco Bay of California. It is unique not only for its size—more than 15,000 acres—but also for its location adjacent to one of the nation’s largest urban areas, home to more than 4 million people (Alameda, Santa Clara, and San Mateo Counties). The Project is intended to restore and enhance wetlands in South San Francisco Bay while providing for flood management, wildlife-oriented public access, and recreation. Restoration goals of the project are to provide a mosaic of saltmarsh habitat to benefit marsh species and managed ponds to benefit waterbirds, throughout 3 complexes and 54 former salt ponds.
Although much is known about the project area, significant uncertainties remain with a project of this geographic and temporal scale of an estimated 50 years to complete the restoration. For example, in order to convert anywhere from 50 to 90 percent of the existing managed ponds to saltmarsh habitat, conservation managers first enhance the habitat of managed ponds in order to increase use by waterbirds, and provide migratory, wintering, and nesting habitat for more than 90 species of waterbirds. Project managers have concluded that the best way to address these uncertainties is to carefully implement the project in phases and learn from the outcome of each phase. The Adaptive Management Plan (AMP) identifies specific restoration targets for multiple aspects of the Project and defines triggers that would necessitate some type of management action if a particular aspect is trending negatively. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) biologist Laura Valoppi served as the project Lead Scientist and oversaw implementation of the AMP in coordination with other members of the Project Management Team (PMT), comprised of representatives from the California State Coastal Conservancy, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Santa Clara Valley Water District, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
To implement the AMP, the PMT have selected and funded applied studies and monitoring projects to address key uncertainties. This information is used by the PMT to make decisions about current management of the project area and future restoration actions in order to meet project.
This document summarizes the major scientific findings from studies conducted from 2009 to 2016, as part of the science program that was conducted in conjunction with Phase 1 restoration and management actions. Additionally, this report summarizes the management response to the study results under the guidance of the AMP framework and provides a list of suggested studies to be conducted in “Phase 2–A scorecard summarizing the Project’s progress toward meeting the AMP goals for a range of Project objectives.” The scoring to date indicates that the Project is meeting or exceeding expectations for sediment accretion and western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) recovery. There is uncertainty with respect to objectives for California gulls (Larus californicus), California least tern (Sternula antillarum), steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and regulatory water quality objectives. Water quality and algal blooms, specifically of the managed ponds, is indicated as trending negative. However, the vast majority of objectives are trending positive, including increased abundance for a number of bird guilds, increasing marsh habitat, maintenance of mudflats, visitor experience, estuarine fish numbers, and special-status marsh species numbers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181039","collaboration":"Prepared for South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project","usgsCitation":"Valoppi, L., 2018, Phase 1 studies summary of major findings of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, South San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1039, 58 p., plus appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181039.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 58 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081943","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353042,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1039/ofr20181039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1039"},{"id":353041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1039/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353043,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1039/ofr20181039_appendix01.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"401 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1039 Appendix 1"},{"id":353044,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1039/ofr20181039_appendix02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"265 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1039 Appendix 2"},{"id":353045,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1039/ofr20181039_appendix03.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"216 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1039 Appendix 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.33688354492188,\n 37.36797435878155\n ],\n [\n -121.86309814453124,\n 37.36797435878155\n ],\n [\n -121.86309814453124,\n 37.654470456416256\n ],\n [\n -122.33688354492188,\n 37.654470456416256\n ],\n [\n -122.33688354492188,\n 37.36797435878155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a common soil contaminant at current and former military facilities, including many training and testing ranges. Because RDX is readily transported through soils to the subsurface, this nitramine explosive now also impacts groundwater and drinking water at numerous locations across the country. A significant issue with RDX contamination on ranges and at other military installations is that it often occurs over expansive areas, where in situ or ex situ treatment technologies are difficult to implement. One potential alternative for military ranges and other facilities is monitored natural attenuation (MNA), in which contaminant degradation by natural processes, including biodegradation, are evaluated. However, one limitation of this approach for RDX is the inability to accurately evaluate whether the nitramine is biodegrading under field conditions, as rates may be relatively slow. One potential technique to overcome this limitation is the use of compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA), where biological contaminant destruction can be documented as changes in the ratio of stable isotopes of specific elements in a molecule; for RDX, ratios of 15N/14N and 13C/12C are relevant. The objective of this project is to validate a CSIA method to confirm and constrain rates of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of RDX at field sites. This technique can be utilized by DoD to provide critical data to support MNA as a remedy for treating this energetic in groundwater, and confirm the effectiveness of in situ enhanced bioremediation remedies. The stable isotopic composition of NO3- and NO2- was also measured when these anions co-occurred with RDX to evaluate whether these potential degradation products from RDX could be used to further demonstrate MNA in the field.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Defense, Environmental Science and Technology Certification Program","usgsCitation":"Hatzinger, P.B., Fuller, M.E., Sturchio, N.C., and Bohlke, J., 2018, Validation of stable isotope ratio analysis to document the biodegradation and natural attenuation of RDX, ESTCP Project ER-201208, 144 p.","productDescription":"144 p.","ipdsId":"IP-097005","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357693,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-Restoration/Contaminated-Groundwater/Persistent-Contamination/ER-201208"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5befe5bde4b045bfcadf7f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":149376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17721,"text":"Shaw Environmental, Princeton, NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Mark E.","contributorId":192618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201113,"text":"70201113 - 2018 - Defining “atmospheric river”: How the Glossary of Meteorology helped resolve a debate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T11:51:57","indexId":"70201113","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T11:51:49","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Defining “atmospheric river”: How the Glossary of Meteorology helped resolve a debate","title":"Defining “atmospheric river”: How the Glossary of Meteorology helped resolve a debate","docAbstract":"Since the term “atmospheric river” (AR) first appeared in modern scientific literature in the early 1990s, it has generated debate about the meaning of the concept. A common popular definition is something along the lines of a “river in the sky,” albeit as a river of water vapor rather than of liquid. This general concept has come into regular use in the western United States and in some other regions affected by ARs, partly due to its use by media, and due to the intuitive nature of the concept. However, over the last 20 years there have been varying perspectives on the term in the technical community. These perspectives range roughly from considering it duplicative of preexisting concepts, such as the warm conveyor belt (WCB), to arguments that the analogy to terrestrial rivers is inappropriate, to being a primary topic of focused research, applications, and usage by water managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0157.1","usgsCitation":"Ralph, F.M., Dettinger, M.D., Cairns, M.M., Galarneau, T.J., and Eylander, J., 2018, Defining “atmospheric river”: How the Glossary of Meteorology helped resolve a debate: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 99, no. 4, p. 837-839, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0157.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"839","ipdsId":"IP-086996","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0108d7e4b0815414cc2e07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, F. Martin","contributorId":150276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":17953,"text":"Earth Systems Research Lab, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cairns, Mary M.","contributorId":210945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cairns","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galarneau, Thomas J.","contributorId":210914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galarneau","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eylander, John","contributorId":210915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eylander","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13502,"text":"US Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227844,"text":"70227844 - 2018 - Genetic integrity, population status, and long-term viability of isolated populations of shoal bass in the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T17:36:45.094706","indexId":"70227844","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T11:32:44","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/CHAT/NRR-2018/1620","title":"Genetic integrity, population status, and long-term viability of isolated populations of shoal bass in the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia","docAbstract":"This report characterizes the status of multiple isolated Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae) populations in the upper Chattahoochee River basin (UCRB), Georgia. The Shoal Bass, a sport fish endemic to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River (ACF) basin, is a fluvial-specialist species considered vulnerable to local extirpations and extinction due to habitat fragmentation and introgression with non-native congeners. Perhaps one of the most isolated populations of Shoal Bass exists in a 2-km reach of Big Creek, a tributary of the Chattahoochee River located near Roswell, Georgia. Big Creek is partially contained within the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area, although the Big Creek watershed is riddled with urban land cover. Roswell Mill Dam limits the upstream extent of the Shoal Bass population at Big Creek, and the downstream extent is presumably limited to the confluence of Big Creek and the Chattahoochee River. This reach of the Chattahoochee River is thermally depressed because of coldwater releases from Lake Lanier, and is considered unsuitable for Shoal Bass. Herein, we examine the genetic integrity, population status, and long-term viability of the Shoal Bass population in Big Creek. We also examine two additional Shoal Bass populations that occur in the UCRB, specifically the Chestatee River and the upper Chattahoochee River, both of which are impounded at Lake Lanier. Together, the Shoal Bass inhabiting these three stream systems comprise a distinct genetic stock of Shoal Bass (Taylor 2017), underscoring the importance of conserving these populations towards maintaining the overall diversity and adaptive potential of the species. We assessed genetic diversity and estimated effective population sizes within these three rivers by genotyping fish with 16 microsatellite DNA markers. Results demonstrated that the Shoal Bass population in Big Creek has experienced high rates of introgression with non-native Smallmouth Bass (M. dolomieu), purportedly introduced into the Chattahoochee River in the past 10-15 years. Alarmingly, only 24% (15 of 62) of putative Shoal Bass collected from Big Creek were genetically pure Shoal Bass, whereas the majority of fish were first-filial (F1) generation hybrids and unidirectional backcrosses towards Shoal Bass. Fleeting opportunity may remain to conserve the native genome of the Shoal Bass population in Big Creek. High hybridization rates prevented genetic diversity analysis for the Big Creek population. Shoal Bass populations in the Chestatee and Chattahoochee rivers displayed levels of genetic diversity similar to populations that persist in other rivers in the ACF basin, namely the Flint and Chipola rivers. Effective population sizes of 93.8– 197.4 for the Chestatee and Chattahoochee rivers (combined) suggest that the conservation status of these populations is stable for the short-term, but may be at risk of losing genetic diversity and adaptive potential in the long-term. To estimate age and mortality of the three populations, we used fish scales and capture-markrecapture (CMR) as complementary, non-lethal methods for age estimation. Estimated ages of phenotypic Shoal Bass ranged from 1-12 years in all three populations, demonstrating increased longevity compared to populations elsewhere within the native range. Catch-curve estimates of annual mortality ranged from 18.4-23.7%, which are markedly lower than those observed in other Shoal Bass populations in the ACF basin. These differences in life-history characteristics underscore the need for the development of population-specific management and conservation strategies for Shoal Bass in the UCRB. The lowest recruitment variability (i.e., the variation in year-class strength) was observed in the Chestatee River, a forested watershed, whereas the highest variability was observed in Big Creek, an urbanized watershed. Recruitment strength in Big Creek was negatively influenced by discharge variability in the summer months, suggesting that flashy, sediment-laden flows hinder survival of recently hatched young. Other statistically significant models from Big Creek and the Chattahoochee River indicated that over-winter survival could be an important pinch-point for recruitment in UCRB populations. A multi-agency sampling effort was conducted from May 2013-May 2016 to estimate the population size of Shoal Bass occupying the 1-km of wadeable shoal habitats in Big Creek. Using CMR models, we estimated that approximately 219-348 Shoal Bass (≥ 70 mm total length) occupied the area throughout the duration of our study. These estimates largely reflect abundance of individuals aged 0-2 years, as only 9% (36 of 408) tagged fish were aged ≥ 7 years. Local abundance appeared similar to that reported for a population that inhabited Little Uchee Creek, a similar-sized tributary of the Chattahoochee River, prior to its recent functional extirpation. The low abundance of large, adult Shoal Bass further suggests the long-term viability of the Big Creek population may be in jeopardy. Perhaps most importantly, CMR estimates reflect abundance of phenotypic Shoal Bass – genetic analyses suggest the abundance of pure Shoal Bass could be an order of magnitude smaller. To evaluate the potential for adult Shoal Bass to emigrate from Big Creek into the mainstem Chattahoochee River, we tagged eight adults with acoustic telemetry tags and assessed their seasonal residency at two stationary receiver locations located in increasing proximity to the confluence with the Chattahoochee River. Fish took up residency near the confluence during the fall and winter months, during which time water temperatures in Big Creek were periodically colder than the Chattahoochee River. Although we were unable to document emigration, we conclude that the potential for emigration is highest during the winter months when the Chattahoochee River may be warmer than Big Creek. Two of the tagged fish were caught by anglers near the confluence, suggesting that angling pressure at Big Creek may be higher than previously suspected. Overall, this study observed unique life-history characteristics and characterized the population status of multiple Shoal Bass populations in the UCRB. Populations in the Chestatee and Chattahoochee rivers appear stable at present and likely represent the last remaining strongholds for pure Shoal Bass in the UCRB. Efforts to preserve forested watershed conditions, natural hydrology, and shoal habitats would contribute to the long-term persistence of Shoal Bass populations in these two rivers. Additionally, the detection of non-native Alabama Bass and their associated hybrids in both rivers is cause for concern. Diligent monitoring of hybridization dynamics between Alabama Bass and Shoal Bass is warranted, along with an assessment of Alabama Bass invasion extent upstream of Lake Lanier. The Shoal Bass population in Big Creek is threatened by elevated levels of introgression with nonnative Smallmouth Bass, recruitment variability, low abundance of adults, and isolation from other populations. Conservation intervention is urgently needed to restore and preserve this genetically distinct population, which would contribute to preservation of range wide genetic diversity and adaptability of the species. Additionally, an urban sport fishery for Shoal Bass at Big Creek has the potential to serve as a tool for increasing public awareness, engagement, and support of Shoal Bass conservation efforts in the UCRB. We suggest strategies for conservation of the remnant shoal habitats and Shoal Bass population in Big Creek, including potential development of a supplemental stocking program, selective removal of non-native congeners, and delivery of environmental education programs that could bolster awareness and appreciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Taylor, A.T., and Long, J.M., 2018, Genetic integrity, population status, and long-term viability of isolated populations of shoal bass in the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia: Natural Resource Report NPS/CHAT/NRR-2018/1620, x, 49 p.","productDescription":"x, 49 p.","ipdsId":"IP-093252","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/600778"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Big Creek, Chattahoochee River, Chestatee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.397216796875,\n 34.54954921593403\n ],\n [\n -83.70758056640625,\n 34.73484137177769\n ],\n [\n -84.4024658203125,\n 34.03900467904445\n ],\n [\n -84.22119140625,\n 33.87269600798948\n ],\n [\n -83.397216796875,\n 34.54954921593403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Andrew T.","contributorId":177197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198564,"text":"70198564 - 2018 - Reduced thermal tolerance during salinity acclimation in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) can be rescued by prior treatment with cortisol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T11:13:12","indexId":"70198564","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T11:13:04","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reduced thermal tolerance during salinity acclimation in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) can be rescued by prior treatment with cortisol","title":"Reduced thermal tolerance during salinity acclimation in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) can be rescued by prior treatment with cortisol","docAbstract":"The aims of this study were to assess whether thermal tolerance of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is affected during seawater (SW) acclimation and to investigate the role of cortisol in osmoregulation and thermal tolerance during SW acclimation. Freshwater (FW)-acclimated brook trout at 18°C (Tacc) were exposed to SW for 16 days, whilst maintaining a FW control. Fish were examined for critical thermal maximum (CTmax) 0 (before), 2, 5 and 16 days after SW exposure, and sampled at Tacc and CTmax for analysis of plasma cortisol, glucose and Cl−, gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) abundance, and white muscle water content. At 2 days in SW, CTmax was significantly reduced (from 31 to 26°C), and then recovered by 16 days. This transient decrease in thermal tolerance coincided with a transient increase in plasma Cl− and decrease in muscle moisture content. Salinity itself had no effect on gill HSP70 abundance compared with the large and immediate effects of high temperature exposure during CTmax testing. To examine the role of cortisol in osmoregulation, brook trout were administered a cortisol implant (5 and 25 μg g−1 CORT) prior to SW exposure. Both CORT doses significantly increased their capacity to maintain plasma Cl− during SW acclimation. Treatment with the 25 μg g−1 CORT dose was shown to significantly improve CTmax after 2 days in SW, and CTmaxwas associated with plasma Cl− and muscle moisture content. These findings indicate that brook trout are sensitive to temperature during SW acclimation and that thermal tolerance is associated with ion and water balance during SW acclimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.169557","usgsCitation":"Shaugnessy, C.A., and McCormick, S.D., 2018, Reduced thermal tolerance during salinity acclimation in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) can be rescued by prior treatment with cortisol: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 221, Article jeb169557, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.169557.","productDescription":"Article jeb169557","ipdsId":"IP-086917","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.169557","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc473e4b0f5d57878ea8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaugnessy, Ciaran A.","contributorId":206857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaugnessy","given":"Ciaran","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227850,"text":"70227850 - 2018 - Assessing the risk of dreissenid mussel invasion in Texas based on lake physical characteristics and potential for downstream dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T16:13:08.183249","indexId":"70227850","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T11:10:35","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Assessing the risk of dreissenid mussel invasion in Texas based on lake physical characteristics and potential for downstream dispersal","docAbstract":"ebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) were likely introduced from Ponto-Caspian Eurasia to the Laurentian Great Lakes inadvertently via ballast water release in the 1980s and have since spread across the US, including Texas. Their spread into the state, including reservoirs in both Brazos River and Colorado River basins, has resulted in a need to delimit suitable dreissenid habitat and dispersal potential in Texas. The objective of our research was to assess invasion risk in Texas by 1) predicting distribution of suitable habitat of zebra and quagga mussels using Maxent models; 2) refining lake-specific predictions for present zebra mussels via collection of physicochemical data; and 3) assessing the potential for downstream spread of zebra mussels by applying environmental DNA (eDNA) methods in the Leon and Lampasas Rivers downstream from the invaded Lakes Belton and Stillhouse Hollow, respectively.
Maxent models did not predict the occurrence of suitable habitat for quagga mussels within Texas. However, our models accurately identified global zebra mussel habitat (AUC = 0.919), and Bioclim layers representing temperature and precipitation data both strongly influenced predictions. Predicted “hotspots” of suitable zebra mussel habitat in Texas occurred along the Red and Sabine Rivers of north and east Texas, as well as patches of suitable habitat in central Texas between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers and extending inland along the Gulf Coast. Most of the Texas panhandle, west Texas extending toward El Paso, and the Rio Grande valley were predicted to provide poor habitat suitability.
Collection of physicochemical data (dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and temperature on-site as well as laboratory analysis for Ca, N, and P) from zebra mussel invaded lakes and a subset of identified high-risk lakes of North and Central Texas, did not aid predictions. Visual inspection of biplots of the first three components of a principle component analysis, which together accounted for ~80% of data variability, did not reveal separation between invaded and uninvaded lakes, and logistic regression analysis also failed to identify predictive relationships between measured variables and invasion status.
Using eDNA analysis, we detected the presence of zebra mussel eDNA at 11 of 12 sites and up to at least 90.7 river km downstream from a pair of infested reservoirs. Rate of positive detection among water samples at each site ranged from 1/5 to 5/5, and within positive water samples, rate of detection among technical replicates ranged from 1/8 to 8/8, suggesting considerable heterogeneity in the zebra mussel eDNA signal in both rivers. Furthermore, no clear spatial pattern in detection rate occurred.
Thus, a monitoring strategy that combines traditional sampling (e.g. settlement substrate samplers and microscopy) at sites immediately below a dam, and transitioning to more sensitive eDNA analysis at distances further from the dam may represent the most successful strategy for detection of dreissenid mussel downstream dispersal. Overall, we have demonstrated that while quagga mussels do not appear to represent an invasive threat in Texas, suitable habitat for continuing zebra mussel invasion exists within Texas, and stream and river connections may contribute to their spread. The threat of continued expansion of this poster-child for negative invasive species impacts warrants further prevention efforts, management, and research.
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Recent field and modeling studies indicate that a fully-coupled multidimensional thermo-hydraulic approach is required to accurately model the evolution of these permafrost-impacted landscapes and groundwater systems. However, the relatively new and complex numerical codes being developed for coupled non-linear freeze-thaw systems require verification.
This issue is addressed by means of an intercomparison of thirteen numerical codes for two-dimensional test cases with several performance metrics (PMs). These codes comprise a wide range of numerical approaches, spatial and temporal discretization strategies, and computational efficiencies. Results suggest that the codes provide robust results for the test cases considered and that minor discrepancies are explained by computational precision. However, larger discrepancies are observed for some PMs resulting from differences in the governing equations, discretization issues, or in the freezing curve used by some codes.
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Patrik","contributorId":271164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidstrand","given":"Patrik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56310,"text":"Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":211844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}} ,{"id":70196944,"text":"70196944 - 2018 - River flow and riparian vegetation dynamics - implications for management of the Yampa River through Dinosaur National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T15:23:20","indexId":"70196944","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NRSS/WRD/NRR—2018/1619","title":"River flow and riparian vegetation dynamics - implications for management of the Yampa River through Dinosaur National Monument","docAbstract":"This report addresses the relation between flow of the Yampa River and occurrence of herbaceous and woody riparian vegetation in Dinosaur National Monument (DINO) with the goal of informing management decisions related to potential future water development. The Yampa River in DINO flows through diverse valley settings, from the relatively broad restricted meanders of Deerlodge Park to narrower canyons, including debris fan-affected reaches in the upper Yampa Canyon and entrenched meanders in Harding Hole and Laddie Park. Analysis of occurrence of all plant species measured in 1470 quadrats by multiple authors over the last 24 years shows that riparian vegetation along the Yampa River is strongly related to valley setting and geomorphic surfaces, defined here as active channel, active floodplain, inactive floodplain, and upland. Principal Coordinates Ordination arrayed quadrats and species along gradients of overall cover and moisture availability, from upland and inactive floodplain quadrats and associated xeric species like western wheat grass (Pascopyrum smithii), cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) to active channel and active floodplain quadrats supporting more mesic species including sandbar willow (Salix exigua), wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota), and cordgrass (Spartina spp.). Indicator species analysis identified plants strongly correlated with geomorphic surfaces. These species indicate state changes in geomorphic surfaces, such as the conversion of active channel to floodplain during channel narrowing.
The dominant woody riparian species along the Yampa River are invasive tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima), and native Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizenii), box elder (Acer negundo L. var. interius), and sandbar willow (Salix exigua). These species differ in tolerance of drought, salinity, inundation, flood disturbance and shade, and in seed size, timing of seed dispersal and ability to form root sprouts. These physiological and ecological differences interact with flow variation and geomorphic setting, resulting in differential patterns of occurrence. For example, in park settings cottonwood is far more abundant than box elder, while the reverse is true in canyons.
Synthesis of existing knowledge from the Yampa and Green rivers and elsewhere suggests that the following flow-vegetation relations can be used to assess effects of future flow alterations in the Yampa River.
We studied the influence of behavior, water velocity, and physiological development on the downstream movement of subyearling fall‐run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in both free‐flowing and impounded reaches of the Clearwater and Snake rivers as potential mechanisms that might explain life history diversity in this stock. Movement rates and the percentage of radio‐tagged fish that moved faster than the average current velocity were higher in the free‐flowing Clearwater River than in impounded reaches. This supports the notion that water velocity is a primary determinant of downstream movement regardless of a fish's physiological development. In contrast, movement rates slowed and detections became fewer in impounded reaches, where water velocities were much lower. The percentage of fish that moved faster than the average current velocity continued to decline and reached zero in the lowermost reach of Lower Granite Reservoir, suggesting that the behavioral disposition to move downstream was low. These findings contrast with those of a similar, previous study of Snake River subyearlings despite similarity in hydrodynamic conditions between the two studies. Physiological differences between Snake and Clearwater River migrants shed light on this disparity. Subyearlings from the Clearwater River were parr‐like in their development and never showed the increase in gill Na+/K+‐ATPase activity displayed by smolts from the Snake River. Results from this study provide evidence that behavioral and life history differences between Snake and Clearwater River subyearlings may have a physiological basis that is modified by environmental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10035","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K.F., Kock, T.J., Connor, W.P., Richmond, M.C., and Perkins, W., 2018, Migratory behavior and physiological development as potential determinants of life history diversity in fall Chinook Salmon in the Clearwater River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 147, no. 2, p. 400-413, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10035.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"400","endPage":"413","ipdsId":"IP-091661","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"nited States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.476806640625,\n 46.11322971817248\n ],\n [\n -116.1639404296875,\n 46.11322971817248\n ],\n [\n -116.1639404296875,\n 46.71350244599995\n ],\n [\n -117.476806640625,\n 46.71350244599995\n ],\n [\n -117.476806640625,\n 46.11322971817248\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ede4b0da30c1bfbf95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, Marshall C.","contributorId":203937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richmond","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36766,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perkins, William A.","contributorId":203938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"William A.","affiliations":[{"id":36766,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196759,"text":"70196759 - 2018 - From top to bottom: Do Lake Trout diversify along a depth gradient in Great Bear Lake, NT, Canada?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-30T10:35:55","indexId":"70196759","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From top to bottom: Do Lake Trout diversify along a depth gradient in Great Bear Lake, NT, Canada?","docAbstract":"Depth is usually considered the main driver of Lake Trout intraspecific diversity across lakes in North America. Given that Great Bear Lake is one of the largest and deepest freshwater systems in North America, we predicted that Lake Trout intraspecific diversity to be organized along a depth axis within this system. Thus, we investigated whether a deep-water morph of Lake Trout co-existed with four shallow-water morphs previously described in Great Bear Lake. Morphology, neutral genetic variation, isotopic niches, and life-history traits of Lake Trout across depths (0–150 m) were compared among morphs. Due to the propensity of Lake Trout with high levels of morphological diversity to occupy multiple habitat niches, a novel multivariate grouping method using a suite of composite variables was applied in addition to two other commonly used grouping methods to classify individuals. Depth alone did not explain Lake Trout diversity in Great Bear Lake; a distinct fifth deep-water morph was not found. Rather, Lake Trout diversity followed an ecological continuum, with some evidence for adaptation to local conditions in deep-water habitat. Overall, trout caught from deep-water showed low levels of genetic and phenotypic differentiation from shallow-water trout, and displayed higher lipid content (C:N ratio) and occupied a higher trophic level that suggested an potential increase of piscivory (including cannibalism) than the previously described four morphs. Why phenotypic divergence between shallow- and deep-water Lake Trout was low is unknown, especially when the potential for phenotypic variation should be high in deep and large Great Bear Lake. Given that variation in complexity of freshwater environments has dramatic consequences for divergence, variation in the complexity in Great Bear Lake (i.e., shallow being more complex than deep), may explain the observed dichotomy in the expression of intraspecific phenotypic diversity between shallow- vs. deep-water habitats. The ambiguity surrounding mechanisms driving divergence of Lake Trout in Great Bear Lake should be seen as reflective of the highly variable nature of ecological opportunity and divergent natural selection itself.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0193925","usgsCitation":"Chavarie, L., Howland, K.L., Harris, L.N., Hansen, M.J., Harford, W.J., Gallagher, C.P., Baillie, S.M., Malley, B., Tonn, W.M., Muir, A., and Krueger, C., 2018, From top to bottom: Do Lake Trout diversify along a depth gradient in Great Bear Lake, NT, Canada?: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 3, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193925.","productDescription":"e0193925; 28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-094088","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193925","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Great Bear Lake","volume":"13","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ece4b0da30c1bfbf7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavarie, Louise","contributorId":156227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chavarie","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howland, Kimberly L.","contributorId":72682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howland","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Les N.","contributorId":204527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Les","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harford, William J.","contributorId":71078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harford","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gallagher, Colin P.","contributorId":204529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallagher","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baillie, Shauna M.","contributorId":176176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baillie","given":"Shauna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malley, Brendan","contributorId":204531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malley","given":"Brendan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tonn, William M.","contributorId":204532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tonn","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Muir, Andrew M.","contributorId":103933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muir","given":"Andrew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":73131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70196773,"text":"70196773 - 2018 - Incorporating an approach to aid river and reservoir fisheries in an altered landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T16:42:28","indexId":"70196773","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"129-2018","title":" Incorporating an approach to aid river and reservoir fisheries in an altered landscape","docAbstract":"Reservoir construction for human-use services alters connected riverine flow patterns and influences fish production. We sampled two pelagic fishes from two rivers and two reservoirs and related seasonal and annual hydrology patterns to the recruitment and growth of each species. River and reservoir populations of Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens reached similar ages (32 and 31, respectively). Likewise, longevity of Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum between the two systems was also similar (7 and 8 years, respectively). However, both species grew larger in the rivers compared to reservoir residents. Recruitment of Freshwater Drum in reservoirs was negatively related to water retention time (r2=0.59) suggesting moving water through the reservoir was beneficial. Riverine recruitment of Freshwater Drum populations was negatively related to the annual number of flow reversals and positively related to prespawn discharge (r2 = 0.33). Unlike Freshwater Drum, there was no relationship between flow metrics and Gizzard Shad recruitment in reservoirs. However, recruitment of riverine Gizzard Shad was positively related to high flow pulses during the prespawn and spawning seasons (r2 = 0.48). The growth of both species in reservoirs was positively related to the number of days each year that water levels were above the conservation pool. Growth of Freshwater Drum was also negatively related to minimum reservoir summer water levels (r2 = 0.84). Growth of both Freshwater Drum and Gizzard Shad occupying lotic systems was positively related to May (r2 = 0.86) and July discharge (r2 = 0.84), respectively. In general, growth and recruitment of the reservoir populations was more related to annual water patterns, whereas riverine fishes responded more to seasonal flow patterns. Results of this study provide important information on the relationship between hydrology and pelagic fish production in both rivers and reservoirs. This information is useful if agencies are interested in developing holistic river-reservoir water-allocation plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S.K., Shoup, D.E., and Dattillo, J., 2018, Incorporating an approach to aid river and reservoir fisheries in an altered landscape: Cooperator Science Series 129-2018, ii, 66 p.","productDescription":"ii, 66 p.","ipdsId":"IP-094065","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":353860,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/document/id/2228/rec/4"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ece4b0da30c1bfbf7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoup, Daniel E.","contributorId":141325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shoup","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dattillo, John","contributorId":204603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dattillo","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198078,"text":"70198078 - 2018 - Monogenetic origin of Ubehebe Crater maar volcano, Death Valley, California: Paleomagnetic and stratigraphic evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-13T09:56:43","indexId":"70198078","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monogenetic origin of Ubehebe Crater maar volcano, Death Valley, California: Paleomagnetic and stratigraphic evidence","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic data for samples collected from outcrops of basaltic spatter at the Ubehebe Crater cluster, Death Valley National Park, California, record a single direction of remanent magnetization indicating that these materials were emplaced during a short duration, monogenetic eruption sequence ~ 2100 years ago. This conclusion is supported by geochemical data encompassing a narrow range of oxide variation, by detailed stratigraphic studies of conformable phreatomagmatic tephra deposits showing no evidence of erosion between layers, by draping of sharp rimmed craters by later tephra falls, and by oxidation of later tephra layers by the remaining heat of earlier spatter. This model is also supported through a reinterpretation and recalculation of the published age results (Sasnett et al., 2012) from an innovative and bold exposure-age study on very young materials. Their conclusion of multiple and protracted eruptions at Ubehebe Crater cluster is here modified through the understanding that some of their quartz-bearing clasts inherited from previous exposure on the fan surface (too old), and that other clasts were only exposed at the surface by wind and/or water erosion centuries after their eruption (too young). Ubehebe Crater cluster is a well preserved example of young monogenetic maar type volcanism protected within a National Park, and it represents neither a protracted eruption sequence as previously thought, nor a continuing volcanic hazard near its location.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.12.018","usgsCitation":"Champion, D.E., Cyr, A.J., Fierstein, J., and Hildreth, E., 2018, Monogenetic origin of Ubehebe Crater maar volcano, Death Valley, California: Paleomagnetic and stratigraphic evidence: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 354, p. 67-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.12.018.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-091275","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.73223876953124,\n 36.75539006003673\n ],\n [\n -117.08404541015625,\n 36.75539006003673\n ],\n [\n -117.08404541015625,\n 37.22048689588553\n ],\n [\n -117.73223876953124,\n 37.22048689588553\n ],\n [\n -117.73223876953124,\n 36.75539006003673\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"354","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc473e4b0f5d57878ea8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cyr, Andrew J. 0000-0003-2293-5395 acyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-5395","contributorId":3539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyr","given":"Andrew","email":"acyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fierstein, Judith 0000-0001-8024-1426 jfierstn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-1426","contributorId":147000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judith","email":"jfierstn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hildreth, Edward 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":146999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Edward","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196473,"text":"70196473 - 2018 - Springs as hydrologic refugia in a changing climate? A remote sensing approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-10T16:51:18","indexId":"70196473","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Springs as hydrologic refugia in a changing climate? A remote sensing approach","docAbstract":"Spring‐fed wetlands are ecologically important habitats in arid and semi‐arid regions. Springs have been suggested as possible hydrologic refugia from droughts and climate change; however, springs that depend on recent precipitation or snowmelt for recharge may be vulnerable to warming and drought intensification. Springs that are expected to maintain their ecohydrologic function in a warmer, drier climate may be priorities for conservation and restoration. Identifying such springs is difficult because many springs lack hydrologic records of adequate temporal extent and resolution to assess their resilience to water cycle changes. This study demonstrates proof‐of‐concept for the assessment of certain spring types (i.e., helocrene, hypocrene, and hillslope springs) in terms of hydrologic and ecological resilience to climatic water stress using freely available remote‐sensing and climate data. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1985 through 2011 to delineate surface‐moisture zones (SMZs) associated with 39 clusters of 172 springs in a montane sage‐steppe landscape in southeastern Oregon, USA. We developed and synthesized seven NDVI‐based indicators of SMZ resilience to interannual changes in water availability: (1) mean and (2) standard deviation of July NDVI; (3) mean difference in July NDVI and (4) difference in coefficient of variation for July NDVI between each SMZ and its surrounding watershed; (5) response of SMZ July NDVI to 90‐day antecedent precipitation; (6) response of SMZ July NDVI to the previous winter's snowpack; and (7) range of NDVI values from an exceptionally wet year followed by three dry years. Because all resilience indicators were highly inter‐correlated, we derived an overall metric of SMZ resilience using principal components analysis that accounted for 66% of total variance. This overall resilience score was positively correlated with SMZ elevation, slope, mean annual precipitation, and with the number of associated springs. Resilience was greater for SMZs on topographically shaded, north‐facing slopes. Several high‐resilience SMZs were located immediately below persistent snowbanks, suggesting a possible source of steady recharge throughout the growing season. The approach presented here—if combined with field assessments of spring hydrogeology, discharge, and groundwater age—could help identify spring‐fed wetlands that are most likely to serve as hydrologic refugia from climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2155","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., and Johnson, H.M., 2018, Springs as hydrologic refugia in a changing climate? A remote sensing approach: Ecosphere, v. 9, no. 3, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2155.","productDescription":"e02155; 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-088217","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Steens Mountain Cooperative Manage-ment and Protection Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119,\n 42.3333\n ],\n [\n -118.1667,\n 42.3333\n ],\n [\n -118.1667,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 42.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ede4b0da30c1bfbf93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994 hjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"hjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196780,"text":"70196780 - 2018 - Multiple drivers, scales, and interactions influence southern Appalachian stream salamander occupancy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T10:56:00","indexId":"70196780","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple drivers, scales, and interactions influence southern Appalachian stream salamander occupancy","docAbstract":"Understanding how factors that vary in spatial scale relate to population abundance is vital to forecasting species responses to environmental change. Stream and river ecosystems are inherently hierarchical, potentially resulting in organismal responses to fine‐scale changes in patch characteristics that are conditional on the watershed context. Here, we address how populations of two salamander species are affected by interactions among hierarchical processes operating at different scales within a rapidly changing landscape of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We modeled reach‐level occupancy of larval and adult black‐bellied salamanders (Desmognathus quadramaculatus) and larval Blue Ridge two‐lined salamanders (Eurycea wilderae) as a function of 17 different terrestrial and aquatic predictor variables that varied in spatial extent. We found that salamander occurrence varied widely among streams within fully forested catchments, but also exhibited species‐specific responses to changes in local conditions. While D. quadramaculatus declined predictably in relation to losses in forest cover, larval occupancy exhibited the strongest negative response to forest loss as well as decreases in elevation. Conversely, occupancy of E. wilderae was unassociated with watershed conditions, only responding negatively to higher proportions of fast‐flowing stream habitat types. Evaluation of hierarchical relationships demonstrated that most fine‐scale variables were closely correlated with broad watershed‐scale variables, suggesting that local reach‐scale factors have relatively smaller effects within the context of the larger landscape. Our results imply that effective management of southern Appalachian stream salamanders must first focus on the larger scale condition of watersheds before management of local‐scale conditions should proceed. Our findings confirm the results of some studies while refuting the results of others, which may indicate that prescriptive recommendations for range‐wide management of species or the application of a single management focus across large geographic areas is inappropriate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2150","usgsCitation":"Cecala, K.K., Maerz, J.C., Halstead, B., Frisch, J.R., Gragson, T.L., Hepinstall-Cymerman, J., Leigh, D.S., Jackson, C.R., Peterson, J., and Pringle, C.M., 2018, Multiple drivers, scales, and interactions influence southern Appalachian stream salamander occupancy: Ecosphere, v. 9, no. 3, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2150.","productDescription":"e02150; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-069181","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2150","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Upper Little Tennessee River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.59222412109375,\n 34.88705743313571\n ],\n [\n -83.10745239257812,\n 34.88705743313571\n ],\n [\n -83.10745239257812,\n 35.3308118573182\n ],\n [\n -83.59222412109375,\n 35.3308118573182\n ],\n [\n -83.59222412109375,\n 34.88705743313571\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ece4b0da30c1bfbf7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecala, Kristen K.","contributorId":171762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cecala","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maerz, John C.","contributorId":171763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maerz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frisch, John R.","contributorId":171761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frisch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gragson, Ted L.","contributorId":171764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gragson","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey","contributorId":51998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepinstall-Cymerman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leigh, David S.","contributorId":204561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leigh","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jackson, C. Rhett","contributorId":119155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Rhett","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pringle, Catherine M.","contributorId":176292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70197054,"text":"70197054 - 2018 - Evaluating the conservation potential of tributaries for native fishes in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-15T15:43:32","indexId":"70197054","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5686,"text":"Fisheries Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the conservation potential of tributaries for native fishes in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"We explored the conservation potential of tributaries in the upper Colorado River basin by modeling native fish species richness as a function of river discharge, temperature, barrier‐free length, and distance to nearest free‐flowing main‐stem section. We investigated a historic period prior to large‐scale water development and a contemporary period. In the historic period, species richness was log‐linearly correlated to variables capturing flow magnitude, particularly mean annual discharge. In the contemporary period, the log‐linear relationship between discharge and species richness was still evident but weaker. Tributaries with lower average temperature and separated from free‐flowing main‐stem sections often had fewer native species compared to tributaries with similar discharge but with warmer temperature and directly connected to free‐flowing main stems. Thus, tributaries containing only a small proportion of main‐stem discharge, especially those at lower elevations with warmer temperatures and connected to free‐flowing main stems, can support a relatively high species richness. Tributaries can help maintain viable populations by providing ecological processes disrupted on large regulated rivers, such as natural flow and temperature regimes, and may present unique conservation opportunities. Efforts to improve fish passage, secure environmental flows, and restore habitat in these tributaries could greatly contribute to conservation of native fish richness throughout the watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10054","usgsCitation":"Laub, B.G., Thiede, G.P., Macfarlane, W.W., and Budy, P., 2018, Evaluating the conservation potential of tributaries for native fishes in the Upper Colorado River Basin: Fisheries Magazine, v. 43, no. 4, p. 194-206, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10054.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"206","ipdsId":"IP-081178","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","volume":"43","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ece4b0da30c1bfbf71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laub, Brian G.","contributorId":198569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laub","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiede, Gary P.","contributorId":9154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiede","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macfarlane, William W.","contributorId":204899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196047,"text":"ofr20181038 - 2018 - Factors affecting long-term trends in surface-water quality in the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore City and County, Maryland, 1998–2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T16:32:53","indexId":"ofr20181038","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1038","title":"Factors affecting long-term trends in surface-water quality in the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore City and County, Maryland, 1998–2016","docAbstract":"Factors affecting water-quality trends in urban streams are not well understood, despite current regulatory requirements and considerable ongoing investments in gray and green infrastructure. To address this gap, long-term water-quality trends and factors affecting these trends were examined in the Gwynns Falls, Maryland, watershed during 1998–2016 in cooperation with Blue Water Baltimore. Data on water-quality constituents and potential factors of influence were obtained from multiple sources and compiled for analysis, with a focus on data collected as part of the National Science Foundation funded Long-Term Ecological Research project, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study.
Variability in climate (specifically, precipitation) and land cover can overwhelm actions taken to improve water quality and can present challenges for meeting regulatory goals. Analysis of land cover during 2001–11 in the Gwynns Falls watershed indicated minimal change during the study time frame; therefore, land-cover change is likely not a factor affecting trends in water quality. However, a modest increase in annual precipitation and a significant increase in winter precipitation were apparent in the region. A higher proportion of runoff producing storms was observed in the winter and a lower proportion in the summer, indicating that climate change may affect water quality in the watershed. The increase in precipitation was not reflected in annual or seasonal trends of streamflow in the watershed. Nonetheless, these precipitation changes may exacerbate the inflow and infiltration of water to gray infrastructure and reduce the effectiveness of green infrastructure. For streamflow and most water-quality constituents examined, no discernable trends were noted over the timeframe examined. Despite the increases in precipitation, no trends were observed for annual or seasonal discharge at the various sites within the study area. In some locations, nitrate, phosphate, and total nitrogen show downward trends, and total phosphorus and chloride show upward trends.
Sanitary sewer overflows (gray infrastructure) and best management practices (green infrastructure) were identified as factors affecting water-quality change. The duration of sanitary sewer overflows was positively correlated with annual loads of nutrients and bacteria, and the drainage area of best management practices was negatively correlated with annual loads of phosphate and sulfate. Results of the study indicate that continued investments in gray and green infrastructure are necessary for urban water-quality improvement. Although this outcome is not unexpected, long-term datasets such as the one used in this study, allow the effects of gray and green infrastructures to be quantified.
Results of this study have implications for the Gwynns Falls watershed and its residents and Baltimore City and County managers. Moreover, outcomes are relevant to other watersheds in the metropolitan region that do not have the same long-term dataset. Further, this study has established a framework for ongoing statistical analysis of primary factors affecting urban water-quality trends as regulatory programs mature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Blue Water Baltimore","usgsCitation":"Majcher, E.H., Woytowitz, E.L., Reisinger, A.J., and Groffman, P.M., 2018, Factors affecting long-term trends in surface-water quality in the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore City and County, Maryland, 1998–2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1038, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181038.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 27 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-094705","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1038/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353000,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1038/ofr20181038.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1038"},{"id":353001,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76T0KTJ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nutrient, bacteria, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, & total suspended solids annual loads; green & gray infrastructure; land cover change; & climate data in the Gwynns Falls subwatersheds, Baltimore, Maryland, 1998-2016 "}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Baltimore County","city":"Baltimore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.8833,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 39.1667\n ],\n [\n -76.8833,\n 39.1667\n ],\n [\n -76.8833,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
Lipid content forms the most important energy reserve in anadromous fish and can limit survival, migration and reproductive success. A fat meter was evaluated and compared with a traditional extractive method of measuring available lipid for migrating American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Connecticut River, U.S.A. The fat meter gives rapid (<10 s) and non‐lethal lipid measurements, whereas traditional methods require lethal sampling that is both time consuming and expensive. The fat‐meter readings had a strong relationship to traditional lipid extractions for 60 fish, 30 whole body (R 2 = 0·72) and 30 fillet only (R 2 = 0·81). Additional validation showed that fat‐meter readings captured the gradual decrease of lipid in individual fish over time, were not affected by removal of gonads or scales and were stable for fish exposed to water or air for 24 h after death. These experiments indicate that the fat meter can be used as a reliable tool for future A. sapidissima energetic studies, allowing for larger sample sizes and non‐lethal sampling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.13624","usgsCitation":"Bayse, S.M., Regish, A.M., and McCormick, S.D., 2018, Proximate composition, lipid utilization and validation of a non‐lethal method to determine lipid content in migrating American shad Alosa sapidissima: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 92, no. 6, p. 1832-1848, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13624.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1832","endPage":"1848","ipdsId":"IP-090293","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont","city":"Holyoke, Old Lyme, Turners Falls, Vernon","otherGeospatial":"Cabot Station, Connecticut River, Holyoke Dam, Vernon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.39784240722656,\n 41.29173772671105\n ],\n [\n -72.31338500976562,\n 41.29173772671105\n ],\n [\n -72.31338500976562,\n 41.35155670241318\n ],\n [\n -72.39784240722656,\n 41.35155670241318\n ],\n [\n -72.39784240722656,\n 41.29173772671105\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.62168884277344,\n 42.194951362905265\n ],\n [\n -72.58804321289061,\n 42.194951362905265\n ],\n [\n -72.58804321289061,\n 42.2320763395086\n ],\n [\n -72.62168884277344,\n 42.2320763395086\n ],\n [\n -72.62168884277344,\n 42.194951362905265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.58049011230469,\n 42.5925216370156\n ],\n [\n -72.53311157226561,\n 42.5925216370156\n ],\n [\n -72.53311157226561,\n 42.61577022637093\n ],\n [\n -72.58049011230469,\n 42.61577022637093\n ],\n [\n -72.58049011230469,\n 42.5925216370156\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.51963615417479,\n 42.76462667907507\n ],\n [\n -72.50761985778809,\n 42.76462667907507\n ],\n [\n -72.50761985778809,\n 42.77675540379361\n ],\n [\n -72.51963615417479,\n 42.77675540379361\n ],\n [\n -72.51963615417479,\n 42.76462667907507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayse, Shannon Michael 0000-0002-0343-4053","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-4053","contributorId":228910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayse","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265 aregish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":5415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"aregish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199123,"text":"70199123 - 2018 - A North American Hydroclimate Synthesis (NAHS) of the Common Era","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T10:55:02","indexId":"70199123","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T09:52:36","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A North American Hydroclimate Synthesis (NAHS) of the Common Era","docAbstract":"This study presents a synthesis of century-scale hydroclimate variations in North America for the Common Era (last 2000 years) using new age models of previously published multiple proxy-based paleoclimate data. This North American Hydroclimate Synthesis (NAHS) examines regional hydroclimate patterns and related environmental indicators, including vegetation, lake water elevation, stream flow and runoff, cave drip rates, biological productivity, assemblages of living organisms, and salinity. Centennial-scale hydroclimate anomalies are obtained by iteratively sampling the proxy data on each of thousands of age model realizations and determining the fractions of possible time series indicating that the century-smoothed data was anomalously wet or dry relative to the 100 BCE to 1900 CE mean. Results suggest regionally asynchronous wet and dry periods over multidecadal to centennial timescales and frequent periods of extended regional drought. Most sites indicate drying during previously documented multicentennial periods of warmer Northern Hemisphere temperatures, particularly in the western U.S., central U.S., and Canada. Two widespread droughts were documented by the NAHS: from 50 BCE to 450 CE and from 800 to 1100 CE. Major hydroclimate reorganizations occurred out of sync with Northern Hemisphere temperature variations and widespread wet and dry anomalies occurred during both warm and cool periods. We present a broad assessment of paleoclimate relationships that highlights the potential influences of internal variability and external forcing and supports a prominent role for Pacific and Atlantic Ocean dynamics on century-scale continental hydroclimate.
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