{"pageNumber":"3481","pageRowStart":"87000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184937,"records":[{"id":70187674,"text":"70187674 - 1998 - An analysis of relationships among climate forcing and time-integrated NDVI of grasslands over the U.S. northern and central Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:35:44","indexId":"70187674","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of relationships among climate forcing and time-integrated NDVI of grasslands over the U.S. northern and central Great Plains","docAbstract":"Time-integrated normalized difference vegetation index (TI NDVI) derived from the multitemporal satellite imagery (1989–1993) was used as a surrogate for primary production to investigate climate impacts on grassland performance for central and northern Great Plains grasslands. Results suggest that spatial and temporal variability in growing season precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and growing degree days are the most important controls on grassland performance and productivity. When TI NDVI and climate data of all grassland land cover classes were examined as a whole, a statistical model showed significant positive correlation between the TI NDVI and accumulated spring and summer precipitation, and a negative correlation between TI NDVI and spring potential evapotranspiration. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the general model was 0.45. When the TI NDVI-climate relationship was examined by individual land cover type, the relationship was generally better defined in terms of the variance accounted for by class-specific models ![\"Full-size](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0034425798000121-si1.gif\" "\\"Full-size")
. The photosynthetic pathway is an important determinant of grassland performance with northern mixed prairie (mixture of C3 and C4 grassland) TI NDVI affected by both thermal and moisture conditions during the growing season while southern plains grasslands (primarily C4grassland) were predominantly influenced by spring and summer precipitation. Grassland land cover classes associated with sandy soils also demonstrated a strong relationship between TI NDVI and growing season rainfall. Significant impact of interannual climate variability on the TI NDVI–climate relationship was also observed. The study suggests an integrated approach involving numerical models, satellite remote sensing, and field observations to monitor grassland ecosystem dynamics on a regional scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00012-1","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Wylie, B.K., Tieszen, L.L., and Reed, B.C., 1998, An analysis of relationships among climate forcing and time-integrated NDVI of grasslands over the U.S. northern and central Great Plains: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 65, no. 1, p. 25-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00012-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b8e4b044b359e486b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":695034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70209809,"text":"70209809 - 1998 - The implication of a perched-water system based on USW WT-24 hydrochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T17:57:48.218568","indexId":"70209809","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-30T12:54:52","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The implication of a perched-water system based on USW WT-24 hydrochemistry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"High-level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the eighth international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"High-level radioactive waste management: Eighth international conference","conferenceDate":"May 11-14, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"American Nuclear Society","usgsCitation":"Patterson, G.L., Peterman, Z.E., and Paces, J.B., 1998, The implication of a perched-water system based on USW WT-24 hydrochemistry, in High-level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the eighth international conference, Las Vegas, NV, May 11-14, 1998, p. 277-278.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, Gary L. glpatter@usgs.gov","contributorId":519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Gary","email":"glpatter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":788122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":167699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209807,"text":"70209807 - 1998 - Anomalous groundwater 234U/238U beneath Yucca Mountain: Evidence for local recharge?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T17:28:06.206943","indexId":"70209807","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-30T12:21:57","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Anomalous groundwater 234U/238U beneath Yucca Mountain: Evidence for local recharge?","title":"Anomalous groundwater 234U/238U beneath Yucca Mountain: Evidence for local recharge?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"High-level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the eighth international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"High-level radioactive waste management: Eighth international conference","conferenceDate":"May 11-14, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"American Nuclear Society","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., Ludwig, K., Peterman, Z.E., Neymark, L., and Kenneally, J.M., 1998, Anomalous groundwater 234U/238U beneath Yucca Mountain: Evidence for local recharge?, in High-level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the eighth international conference, Las Vegas, NV, May 11-14, 1998, p. 185-188.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":788110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":167699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. 0000-0003-4190-0278 lneymark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":140338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid A.","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kenneally, J. M.","contributorId":224395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenneally","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70209806,"text":"70209806 - 1998 - Inferences for Yucca Mountain unsaturated-zone hydrology from secondary minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T17:19:36.347275","indexId":"70209806","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-30T12:13:37","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Inferences for Yucca Mountain unsaturated-zone hydrology from secondary minerals","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"High-level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the eighth international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"High-level radioactive waste management: Eighth international conference","conferenceDate":"May 11-14, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"American Nuclear Society","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., Neymark, L., Marshall, B.D., Whelan, J.F., and Peterman, Z.E., 1998, Inferences for Yucca Mountain unsaturated-zone hydrology from secondary minerals, in High-level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the eighth international conference, Las Vegas, NV, May 11-14, 1998, p. 36-39.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. 0000-0003-4190-0278 lneymark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":140338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid A.","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":167699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021155,"text":"70021155 - 1998 - West margin of North America - A synthesis of recent seismic transects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T16:14:56.421328","indexId":"70021155","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"West margin of North America - A synthesis of recent seismic transects","docAbstract":"A comparison of the deep structure along nine recent transects of the west margin of North America shows many important similarities and differences. Common tectonic elements identified in the deep structure along these transects include actively subducting oceanic crust, accreted oceanic/arc (or oceanic-like) lithosphere of Mesozoic through Cenozoic ages. Cenozoic accretionary prisms, Mesozoic accretionary prisms, backstops to the Mesozoic prisms, and undivided lower crust. Not all of these elements are present along all transects. In this study, nine transects, including four crossing subduction zones and five crossing transform faults, are plotted at the same scale and vertical exaggeration (V.E. 1:1), using the above scheme for identifying tectonic elements. The four subduction-zone transects contain actively subducting oceanic crust. Cenozoic accretionary prisms, and bodies of basaltic rocks accreted in the Cenozoic, including remnants of a large, oceanic plateau in the Oregon and Vancouver Island transects. Rocks of age and composition (Eocene basalt) similar to the oceanic plateau are currently subducting in southern Alaska, where they are doubled up on top of Pacific oceanic crust and have apparently created a giant asperity, or impediment to subduction. Most of the subduction-zone transects also contain Mesozoic accretionary prisms, and two of them, Vancouver Island and Alaska, also contain thick, technically underplated bodies of late Mesozoic/early Cenozoic oceanic lithosphere, interpreted as fragments of the extinct Kula plate. In the upper crust, most of the five transform-fault transects (all in California) reflect: (1) tectonic wedging of a Mesozoic accretionary prism into a backstop, which includes Mesozoic/early Cenozoic forearc rocks and Mesozoic ophiolitic/arc basement rocks: and (2) shuffling of the subduction margin of California by strike-slip faulting. In the lower crust, they may reflect migration of the Mendocino triple junction northward (seen in rocks east of the San Andreas fault) and cessation of Farallon-plate subduction (seen in rocks west of the San Andreas fault). In northern California, lower-crustal rocks east of the San Andreas fault have oceanic-crustal velocity and thickness and contain patches of high reflectivity. They may represent basaltic rocks magmatically underplated in the wake of the migration of the Mendocino triple junction, or they may represent stalled, subducted fragments of the Farallon/Gorda plate. The latter alternative does not fit the accepted 'slabless window' model for the migration of the triple junction. This lower-crustal layer and the Moho are offset at the San Andreas and Maacama faults. In central California, a similar lower-crustal layer is observed west of the San Andreas fault. West of the continental slope, it is Pacitic oceanic crust, but beneath the continent it may represent either Pacific oceanic crust, stalled, subducted fragments (microplates) of the Farallon plate, or basaltic rocks magmatically underplated during subduction of the Pacific/Farallon ridge or during breakup of the subducted Farallon plate. The transect in southern California is only partly representative of regional structure, as the structure here is 3-dimensional. In the upper crust, a Mesozoic prism has been thrust beneath crystalline basement rocks of the San Gabriel Mountains and Mojave Desert. In the mid-crust, a bright reflective zone is interpreted as a possible 'master' decollement that can be traced from the fold-and-thrust belt of the Los Angeles basin northward to at least the San Andreas fault. A Moho depression beneath the San Gabriel Mountains is consistent with downwelling of lithospheric mantle beneath the Transverse Ranges that appears to be driving the compression across the Transverse Ranges and Los Angeles basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00300-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., 1998, West margin of North America - A synthesis of recent seismic transects: Tectonophysics, v. 288, no. 1-4, p. 265-292, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00300-4.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"292","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00300-4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Vancouver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.17522712506494,\n 61.217190919521414\n ],\n [\n -158.65902964673563,\n 57.42344181651714\n ],\n [\n -123.37516452259177,\n 33.98872555083284\n ],\n [\n -118.2240533325811,\n 32.37973934808869\n ],\n [\n -114.33949244373234,\n 32.7455310942392\n ],\n [\n -114.56862512640006,\n 34.50928442250415\n ],\n [\n -120.07860326467929,\n 39.565080375115414\n ],\n [\n -119.11025591417561,\n 43.510705773508406\n ],\n [\n -120.66353202659494,\n 48.842974051027944\n ],\n [\n -132.851826669775,\n 60.65287298145492\n ],\n [\n -150.17522712506494,\n 61.217190919521414\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"288","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcff6e4b08c986b32ebd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021083,"text":"70021083 - 1998 - The San Gabriel Mountains bright reflective zone: Possible evidence of young mid-crustal thrust faulting in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T16:22:51.059669","indexId":"70021083","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The San Gabriel Mountains bright reflective zone: Possible evidence of young mid-crustal thrust faulting in southern California","docAbstract":"During the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), a reflection/refraction survey was conducted along a line extending northeastward from Seal Beach, California, to the Mojave Desert, crossing the Los Angeles basin and San Gabriel Mountains. Shots and receivers were spaced most densely through the San Gabriel Mountains for the purpose of obtaining a combined reflection and refraction image of the crust in that area. A stack of common-midpoint (CMP) data reveals a bright reflective zone, 1-s thick, that dominates the stack and extends throughout most of the mid-crust of the San Gabriel Mountains. The top of this zone ranges in depth from 6 s (∼18-km depth) in the southern San Gabriel Mountains to 7.5 s (∼23-km depth) in the northern San Gabriel Mountains. The zone bends downward beneath the surface traces of the San Gabriel and San Andreas faults. It is brightest between these two faults, where it is given the name San Gabriel Mountains ‘bright spot’ (SGMBS), and becomes more poorly defined south of the San Gabriel fault and north of the San Andreas fault. The polarity of the seismic signal at the top of this zone is clearly negative, and our analysis suggests it represents a negative velocity step. The magnitude of the velocity step is approximately 1.7 km/s. In at least one location, an event with positive polarity can be observed 0.2 s beneath the top of this zone, indicating a thickness of the order of 500 m for the low-velocity zone at this location. Several factors combine to make the preferred interpretation of this bright reflective zone a young fault zone, possibly a ‘master’ decollement. (1) It represents a significant velocity reduction. If the rocks in this zone contain fluids, such a reduction could be caused by a differential change in fluid pressure between the caprock and the rocks in the SGMBS; near-lithostatic fluid pressure is required in the SGMBS. Such differential changes are believed to occur in the neighborhood of active fault zones, where ‘fault-value’ action has been postulated. Less likely alternative explanations for this velocity reduction include the presence of magma and a change in composition to serpentinite or metagraywacke. (2) It occurs at or near the brittle-ductile transition, at least in the southern San Gabriel Mountains, a possible zone of concentrated shear. (3) A thin reflection rising from its top in the southern San Gabriel Mountains projects to the hypocenter of the 1987 M 5.9 Whittier Narrows earthquake, a blind thrust-fault earthquake with one focal plane subparallel to the reflection. Alternatively, one could argue that the bends or disruptions in the reflective zone seen at the San Gabriel and San Andreas faults are actually offsets and that the reflective zone is therefore an older feature, possibly an older fault zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00253-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, T., and Fuis, G., 1998, The San Gabriel Mountains bright reflective zone: Possible evidence of young mid-crustal thrust faulting in southern California: Tectonophysics, v. 286, no. 1-4, p. 31-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00253-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.20628519933783,\n 34.42545117753792\n ],\n [\n -119.20628519933783,\n 33.04720938583435\n ],\n [\n -116.33098025193479,\n 33.04720938583435\n ],\n [\n -116.33098025193479,\n 34.42545117753792\n ],\n [\n -119.20628519933783,\n 34.42545117753792\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"286","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8d5e4b08c986b321e9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223773,"text":"5223773 - 1998 - Higher temporal variability of forest breeding bird communities in fragmented landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T20:52:45.770654","indexId":"5223773","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-23T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Higher temporal variability of forest breeding bird communities in fragmented landscapes","docAbstract":"Understanding the relationship between animal community dynamics and landscape structure has become a priority for biodiversity conservation. In particular, predicting the effects of habitat destruction that confine species to networks of small patches is an important prerequisite to conservation plan development. Theoretical models that predict the occurrence of species in fragmented landscapes, and relationships between stability and diversity do exist. However, reliable empirical investigations of the dynamics of biodiversity have been prevented by differences in species detection probabilities among landscapes. Using long-term data sampled at a large spatial scale in conjunction with a capture-recapture approach, we developed estimates of parameters of community changes over a 22-year period for forest breeding birds in selected areas of the eastern United States. We show that forest fragmentation was associated not only with a reduced number of forest bird species, but also with increased temporal variability in the number of species. This higher temporal variability was associated with higher local extinction and turnover rates. These results have major conservation implications. Moreover, the approach used provides a practical tool for the study of the dynamics of biodiversity.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.95.13.7497","usgsCitation":"Boulinier, T., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., Sauer, J.R., Flather, C.H., and Pollock, K.H., 1998, Higher temporal variability of forest breeding bird communities in fragmented landscapes: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 95, no. 13, p. 7497-7501, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7497.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"7497","endPage":"7501","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":200344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68878e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flather, Curtis H.","contributorId":177590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flather","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224664,"text":"5224664 - 1998 - A key to the anuran tadpoles of the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T09:28:18","indexId":"5224664","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1331,"text":"Contemporary Herpetology Information Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A key to the anuran tadpoles of the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"A key in a different format is presented for the tadpoles of the United States and Canada. More details of ontogenetic variation are included than in many keys and more attention is paid to identifying species by using characteristics of living tadpoles.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Altig, R., McDiarmid, R., Nichols, K., and Ustach, P., 1998, A key to the anuran tadpoles of the United States and Canada: Contemporary Herpetology Information Series, v. 1998, no. 2.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362623,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":" https://jnah.cnah.org/ch/"}],"volume":"1998","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Altig, R.","contributorId":44259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altig","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, K.A.","contributorId":29098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ustach, P.C.","contributorId":63908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ustach","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223778,"text":"5223778 - 1998 - Retrospective study of the diagnostic criteria in a lead-poisoning survey of waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T12:53:55","indexId":"5223778","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retrospective study of the diagnostic criteria in a lead-poisoning survey of waterfowl","docAbstract":"Between 1983 and 1986 the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) conducted a nationwide study of lead poisoning of waterfowl from federal and state refuges. This survey was done to assist in identifying zones with lead-poisoning problems. One thousand forty one moribund or dead waterfowl were collected and examined. The presence or absence of 13 gross lesions selected as indicators of lead poisoning and 3 lesions indicating body condition was recorded. Lead-poisoning diagnoses were based on the finding of at least 6 8 ppm (wet weight) lead in the liver and either lead shot in the gizzard content or at least one convincing gross lesion indicative of lead poisoning. Four hundred and twenty-one of these waterfowl were diagnosed as lead-poisoned. The NWHC survey provided a comprehensive basis for estimating the sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios of the gross lesions of lead poisoning and the associated hepatic lead concentrations for several species of waterfowl. Some of the 13 defined gross lesions were more common than others; frequencies ranged from 3% to 80% in the 421 lead-poisoned waterfowl. The most reliable indicators of lead poisoning were impactions of the upper alimentary tract, submandibular edema, myocardial necrosis, and biliary discoloration of the liver. Each of the 13 lesions occurred more frequently in the lead-poisoned birds, but each of the lesions also occurred in waterfowl that died of other causes. The number of lead shot present in a bird?s gizzard was only weakly correlated with its hepatic lead concentration; however, this weak correlation may have been adequate to account for differences in hepatic lead concentrations among species, once the weights of the species were taken into account. Although lead-poisoned ducks tended to have higher hepatic mean lead concentrations than did lead-poisoned geese or swans, the differences were probably a result of a greater dose of shot per body weight than to kinetic differences between species. Hepatic lead concentrations were independent of age and sex. Ninety-five percent of waterfowl diagnosed as lead-poisoned had hepatic lead concentrations of at least 38 ppm, dry weight (10 ppm, wet weight). Fewer than 1% of the waterfowl that died of other causes had a concentration that high. This 5th percentile, of 38 ppm dry weight (10 ppm wet weight), is a defensible criterion for identifying lead-poisoned waterfowl when interpreting hepatic lead concentrations in the absence of pathological observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900409","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W.N., Franson, J.C., Locke, L.N., Stroud, R.K., and Sileo, L., 1998, Retrospective study of the diagnostic criteria in a lead-poisoning survey of waterfowl: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 506-512, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900409.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":140358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, Lou N.","contributorId":64623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Lou","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stroud, R. K.","contributorId":45660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70177761,"text":"70177761 - 1998 - Ou (Psittirostra psittacea)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:11:02","indexId":"70177761","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":161,"text":"Birds of North America","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 335","title":"Ou (Psittirostra psittacea)","docAbstract":"The ‘Ö‘ü and the Läna‘i Hookbill are plump, predominantly olive green, thick-billed Hawaiian honeycreepers. The ‘Ö‘ü is now very rare and restricted to remote, high-elevation native forest, and the Läna‘i Hookbill is extinct. They are closely related species, belonging to a specialized tribe, Psittirostrini, consisting of nine historically known Hawaiian species with heavy, finchlike to parrotlike bills. Because of their taxonomic affinity and the paucity of information on the Läna‘i Hookbill, we are treating the two species in a single account.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academy of Natural Sciences and American Ornithologist's Union","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA and Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2173/bna.335","usgsCitation":"Snetsinger, T.J., Reynolds, M.H., and Herrmann, C.M., 1998, Ou (Psittirostra psittacea): Birds of North America No. 335, https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.335.","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c6e4b0f497e78fca97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snetsinger, Thomas J.","contributorId":176132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snetsinger","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrmann, Christina M.","contributorId":176133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25951,"text":"wri974240 - 1998 - Analysis of ground-water-quality data of the Upper Colorado River basin, water years 1972-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"wri974240","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4240","title":"Analysis of ground-water-quality data of the Upper Colorado River basin, water years 1972-92","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment program, an analysis of the existing ground-water-quality data in the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit is necessary to provide information on the historic water-quality conditions. Analysis of the historical data provides information on the availability or lack of data and water-quality issues. The information gathered from the historical data will be used in the design of ground-water-quality studies in the basin. This report includes an analysis of the ground-water data (well and spring data) available for the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit from water years 1972 to 1992 for major cations and anions, metals and selected trace elements, and nutrients. The data used in the analysis of the ground-water quality in the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit were predominantly from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment data bases. A total of 212 sites representing alluvial aquifers and 187 sites representing bedrock aquifers were used in the analysis. The available data were not ideal for conducting a comprehensive basinwide water-quality assessment because of lack of sufficient geographical coverage.Evaluation of the ground-water data in the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit was based on the regional environmental setting, which describes the natural and human factors that can affect the water quality. In this report, the ground-water-quality information is evaluated on the basis of aquifers or potential aquifers (alluvial, Green River Formation, Mesaverde Group, Mancos Shale, Dakota Sandstone, Morrison Formation, Entrada Sandstone, Leadville Limestone, and Precambrian) and land-use classifications for alluvial aquifers.Most of the ground-water-quality data in the study unit were for major cations and anions and dissolved-solids concentrations. The aquifer with the highest median concentrations of major ions was the Mancos Shale. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 500 milligrams per liter for dissolved solids in drinking water was exceeded in about 75 percent of the samples from the Mancos Shale aquifer. The guideline by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States for irrigation water of 2,000 milligrams per liter was also exceeded by the median concentration from the Mancos Shale aquifer. For sulfate, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed maximum contaminant level of 500 milligrams per liter for drinking water was exceeded by the median concentration for the Mancos Shale aquifer. A total of 66 percent of the sites in the Mancos Shale aquifer exceeded the proposed maximum contaminant level.Metal and selected trace-element data were available for some sites, but most of these data also were below the detection limit. The median concentrations for iron for the selected aquifers and land-use classifications were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 300 micrograms per liter in drinking water. Median concentration of manganese for the Mancos Shale exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 50 micrograms per liter in drinking water. The highest selenium concentrations were in the alluvial aquifer and were associated with rangeland. However, about 22 percent of the selenium values from the Mancos Shale exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 50 micrograms per liter in drinking water.Few nutrient data were available for the study unit. The only nutrient species presented in this report were nitrate-plus-nitrite as nitrogen and orthophosphate. Median concentrations for nitrate-plus-nitrite as nitrogen were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter in drinking water except for 0.02 percent of the sites in the al","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974240","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L., 1998, Analysis of ground-water-quality data of the Upper Colorado River basin, water years 1972-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4240, vi, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974240.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4240.jpg"},{"id":1965,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri974240","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ae4b07f02db4e75d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, L.E.","contributorId":73635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020421,"text":"70020421 - 1998 - Paleomagnetic evidence that the central block of Salinia (California) is not a far-traveled terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-05T22:13:25.119119","indexId":"70020421","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic evidence that the central block of Salinia (California) is not a far-traveled terrane","docAbstract":"New paleomagnetic results from Late Cretaceous (75–85 m.y.) red beds on the central block of Salinia indicate that Salinia was located within 6° (in latitude) of its current cratonal North American position during the Late Cretaceous (after correction for Neogene San Andreas Fault transport). The red beds formed as alluvial-fan overbank deposits with hematite cement deposited directly on Salinian granites in the La Panza Range. Paleomagnetic analysis shows two components of magnetization in the red beds, a low-blocking-temperature present-day overprint residing in goethite and a high-blocking-temperature (>600°) component residing in hematite. The hematite magnetization is a chemical remanent magnetization which formed soon after deposition during pedogenesis. The bedding-corrected hematite remanence contains a magnetic polarity stratigraphy with antipodal normal and reversed directions. Twenty-three Class I sites (α95 < 20°) have an average hematite direction with inclination =54.4° and declination = 18.2° (α95 = 6.1°) after structural correction. These paleomagnetic data suggest that Salinia resided at about 35°N latitude during the Late Cretaceous, within 6° of its current location adjacent to cratonal North America. By contrast, a summary of paleomagnetic data from the Peninsular Ranges terrane and the Sur-Obispo terrane, which are currently outboard of Salinia, shows northward transport of these terranes of 12° to 22° relative to their current locations in North America since the Cretaceous. The offsets increase systematically away from the craton with the most outboard Sur-Obispo terrane (which is composed of accretionary prism and distal forearc material) showing the largest degree of northward translation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97TC03021","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Whidden, K., Lund, S., Bottjer, D., Champion, D., and Howell, D.G., 1998, Paleomagnetic evidence that the central block of Salinia (California) is not a far-traveled terrane: Tectonics, v. 17, no. 3, p. 329-343, https://doi.org/10.1029/97TC03021.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"343","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495369,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97tc03021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.82048189397632,\n 38.449596359087764\n ],\n [\n -124.82048189397632,\n 32.772610846412405\n ],\n [\n -114.17147533199507,\n 32.772610846412405\n ],\n [\n -114.17147533199507,\n 38.449596359087764\n ],\n [\n -124.82048189397632,\n 38.449596359087764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a740fe4b0c8380cd773f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whidden, K.J. 0000-0002-7841-2553","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":103034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, S.P.","contributorId":98054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bottjer, D.J.","contributorId":73370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bottjer","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, D.","contributorId":103012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":38250,"text":"pp1409G - 1998 - Ground-water hydrology and simulated effects of development in the Milford area, an arid basin in southwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T16:56:26","indexId":"pp1409G","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1409","chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water hydrology and simulated effects of development in the Milford area, an arid basin in southwestern Utah","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, finite-difference model was constructed to simulate ground-water flow in the Milford area. The purpose of the study was to evaluate present knowledge and concepts of the groundwater system, to analyze the ability of the model to represent past and current (1984) conditions, and to estimate the effects of various groundwater development alternatives. The alternative patterns of groundwater development might prove effective in capturing natural discharge from the basin-fill aquifer while limiting water-level declines. Water levels measured during this study indicate that ground water in the Milford area flows in a northwesterly direction through consolidated rocks in the northern San Francisco Mountains toward Sevier Lake. The revised potentiometric surface shows a large area for probable basin outflow, indicating that more water leaves the Milford area than the 8 acre-feet per year estimated previously.
Simulations made to calibrate the model were able to approximate steady-state conditions for 1927, before ground-water development began, and transient conditions for 1950-82, during which groundwater withdrawal increased. Basin recharge from the consolidated rocks and basin outflow were calculated during the calibration process. Transient simulations using constant and variable recharge from surface water were made to test effects of large flows in the Beaver River.
Simulations were made to project water-level declines over a 37- year period (1983-2020) using the present pumping distribution. Ground-water withdrawals were simulated at 1, 1.5, and 2 times the 1979-82 average rate.
The concepts of \"sustained\" yield, ground-water mining, and the capture of natural discharge were tested using several hypothetical pumping distributions over a 600-year simulation period. Simulations using concentrated pumping centers were the least efficient at capturing natural discharge and produced the largest water-level declines. Simulations using strategically placed ground-water withdrawals in the discharge area were the most efficient at eliminating natural discharge with small water-level declines.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/pp1409G","isbn":"0-607-86818-X","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.L., 1998, Ground-water hydrology and simulated effects of development in the Milford area, an arid basin in southwestern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1409, Report: viii, 69 p.; 2 plates, 15.00 in x 18.00 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1409G.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 69 p.; 2 plates, 15.00 in x 18.00 in.","startPage":"G1","endPage":"G69","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64627,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64628,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409g/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64629,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Milford","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.87353515625,\n 38.83435910650903\n ],\n [\n -112.9119873046875,\n 38.843986129756615\n ],\n [\n -112.9833984375,\n 38.83435910650903\n ],\n [\n -113.01773071289062,\n 38.792626957868904\n ],\n [\n -113.05206298828125,\n 38.753012320665185\n ],\n [\n -113.104248046875,\n 38.6833657775237\n ],\n [\n -113.16055297851562,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -113.2305908203125,\n 38.61579745317872\n ],\n [\n -113.2745361328125,\n 38.55997877925585\n ],\n [\n -113.29925537109375,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -113.30062866210936,\n 38.449286817153556\n ],\n [\n -113.2965087890625,\n 38.406253794852674\n ],\n [\n -113.29788208007812,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -113.29788208007812,\n 38.299636831993\n ],\n [\n -113.32809448242188,\n 38.26514122031372\n ],\n [\n -113.31710815429688,\n 38.187466178077905\n ],\n [\n -113.22921752929686,\n 38.1334763895322\n ],\n [\n -113.14956665039062,\n 38.098901948321256\n ],\n [\n -113.07952880859375,\n 38.089174937729794\n ],\n [\n -112.99713134765625,\n 38.08593231319764\n ],\n [\n -112.92434692382812,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -112.87765502929688,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -112.82272338867188,\n 38.306102934215616\n ],\n [\n -112.79800415039062,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -112.80075073242186,\n 38.522384090200845\n ],\n [\n -112.82684326171875,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -112.82409667968749,\n 38.66513933289161\n ],\n [\n -112.796630859375,\n 38.78406349514289\n ],\n [\n -112.87353515625,\n 38.83435910650903\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22143,"text":"ofr9848 - 1998 - Sediment magnetic data from the Elba Cut, Fullerton Canal, Howard County, Nebraska; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimatic studies of Midcontinent loess deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr9848","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-48","title":"Sediment magnetic data from the Elba Cut, Fullerton Canal, Howard County, Nebraska; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimatic studies of Midcontinent loess deposits","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9848","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., Rosenbaum, J.G., Muhs, D., Bettis, E., and Rivers, W., 1998, Sediment magnetic data from the Elba Cut, Fullerton Canal, Howard County, Nebraska; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimatic studies of Midcontinent loess deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-48, 80 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9848.","productDescription":"80 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51591,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbfe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rivers, W.C.","contributorId":51293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivers","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":22142,"text":"ofr9846 - 1998 - Sediment magnetic data and thermomagnetic determinations of modern and ancient soils and parent materials near McCook, Red Willow County, Nebraska; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimatic studies of midcontinent loess deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr9846","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-46","title":"Sediment magnetic data and thermomagnetic determinations of modern and ancient soils and parent materials near McCook, Red Willow County, Nebraska; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimatic studies of midcontinent loess deposits","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9846","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., Rosenbaum, J.G., Muhs, D., and Bettis, E., 1998, Sediment magnetic data and thermomagnetic determinations of modern and ancient soils and parent materials near McCook, Red Willow County, Nebraska; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimatic studies of midcontinent loess deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-46, 36 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9846.","productDescription":"36 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51590,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":21908,"text":"ofr98102 - 1998 - Land status and federal mineral ownership in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana; a digital data set for geographic information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:23:05","indexId":"ofr98102","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-102","title":"Land status and federal mineral ownership in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana; a digital data set for geographic information systems","docAbstract":"As the Nation's energy resources continue to be examined for development, it is critical that a digital database exist that contains location data for all Federal land and mineral resources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), is collecting these ownership files and compiling them in Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO coverages, to form a standardized data library. A coverage is a digital version of a map in the form of vector data storage. These coverages are combined with models of coal deposits from the USGS National Coal Resource Assessment project, a five-year effort to identify and characterize the coal beds and coal zones that will provide fuel for the Nation’s energy needs during the first quarter of the twenty-first century. Geographic and geologic data layers are integrated in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to answer complex geo-spatial questions concerning coal resource occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98102","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Biewick, L., Urbanowski, S.R., Cain, S., and Neasloney, L., 1998, Land status and federal mineral ownership in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana; a digital data set for geographic information systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-102, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98102.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51392,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0102/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b4172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biewick, Laura","contributorId":83148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urbanowski, Shayne R.","contributorId":7315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanowski","given":"Shayne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, Sheila","contributorId":42989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Sheila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neasloney, Larry","contributorId":75565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neasloney","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":38253,"text":"pp1551C - 1998 - The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989: Landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T18:26:07.342435","indexId":"pp1551C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1551","chapter":"C","title":"The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989: Landslides","docAbstract":"Central California, in the vicinity of San Francisco and Monterey Bays, has a history of fatal and damaging landslides, triggered by heavy rainfall, coastal and stream erosion, construction activity, and earthquakes. The great 1906 San Francisco earthquake (MS=8.2-8.3) generated more than 10,000 landslides throughout an area of 32,000 km2; these landslides killed at least 11 people and caused substantial damage to buildings, roads, railroads, and other civil works. Smaller numbers of landslides, which caused more localized damage, have also been reported from at least 20 other earthquakes that have occurred in the San Francisco Bay-Monterey Bay region since 1838. Conditions that make this region particularly susceptible to landslides include steep and rugged topography, weak rock and soil materials, seasonally heavy rainfall, and active seismicity.
Given these conditions and history, it was no surprise that the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake generated thousands of landslides throughout the region. Landslides caused one fatality and damaged at least 200 residences, numerous roads, and many other structures. Direct damage from landslides probably exceeded $30 million; additional, indirect economic losses were caused by long-term landslide blockage of two major highways and by delays in rebuilding brought about by concern over the potential long-term instability of some earthquake-damaged slopes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1551C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., Manson, M.W., Griggs, G.B., Plant, N., Schuster, R.L., Wieczorek, G.F., Hope, D.G., Harp, E., Nolan, J.M., Weber, G.E., Cole, W., Marcum, D.R., Shires, P.O., and Clark, B.R., 1998, The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989: Landslides: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1551, Report: iii, 185 p.; 8 Plates: 37.90 x 26.46 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1551C.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 185 p.; 8 Plates: 37.90 x 26.46 inches or smaller","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110666,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76949.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"76949"},{"id":64631,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1551c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1551c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3493,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1551/pp1551c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay-Monterey Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.39935311872875,\n 38.202956525657385\n ],\n [\n -123.39935311872875,\n 35.61752664382723\n ],\n [\n -120.24426193683829,\n 35.61752664382723\n ],\n [\n -120.24426193683829,\n 38.202956525657385\n ],\n [\n -123.39935311872875,\n 38.202956525657385\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5766","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":22405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747057,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manson, Michael W.","contributorId":50447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griggs, Gary B.","contributorId":88820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel 0000-0002-5703-5672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":81234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, Robert L.","contributorId":330197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12443,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hope, David G. II","contributorId":339805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hope","given":"David","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harp, Edwin harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":167294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nolan, J. M.","contributorId":14435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Weber, Gerald E.","contributorId":99154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cole, William F.","contributorId":339806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Marcum, Dale R.","contributorId":339807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcum","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shires, Patrick O.","contributorId":339808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shires","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Clark, Bruce R.","contributorId":18406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70020105,"text":"70020105 - 1998 - Concentration data and dimensionality in groundwater models: Evaluation using inverse modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T13:24:36.30538","indexId":"70020105","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2880,"text":"Nordic Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration data and dimensionality in groundwater models: Evaluation using inverse modelling","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional inverse groundwater flow and transport model that fits hydraulic-head and concentration data simultaneously using nonlinear regression is presented and applied to a layered sand and silt groundwater system beneath the Grindsted Landfill in Denmark. The aquifer is composed of rather homogeneous hydrogeologic layers. Two issues common to groundwater flow and transport modelling are investigated: 1) The accuracy of simulated concentrations in the case of calibration with head data alone; and 2) The advantages and disadvantages of using a two-dimensional cross-sectional model instead of a three-dimensional model to simulate contaminant transport when the source is at the land surface. Results show that using only hydraulic heads in the nonlinear regression produces a simulated plume that is profoundly different from what is obtained in a calibration using both hydraulic-head and concentration data. The present study provides a well-documented example of the differences that can occur. Representing the system as a two-dimensional cross-section obviously omits some of the system dynamics. It was, however, possible to obtain a simulated plume cross-section that matched the actual plume cross-section well. The two-dimensional model execution times were about a seventh of those for the three-dimensional model, but some difficulties were encountered in representing the spatially variable source concentrations and less precise simulated concentrations were calculated by the two-dimensional model compared to the three-dimensional model. Summed up, the present study indicates that three dimensional modelling using both hydraulic heads and concentrations in the calibration should be preferred in the considered type of transport studies.","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/nh.1998.0009","issn":"00291277","usgsCitation":"Barlebo, H., Hill, M.C., Rosbjerg, D., and Jensen, K., 1998, Concentration data and dimensionality in groundwater models: Evaluation using inverse modelling: Nordic Hydrology, v. 29, no. 3, p. 149-178, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.0009.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.0009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Denmark","otherGeospatial":"Grindsted Landfill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.566660766227386,\n 58.07417121924817\n ],\n [\n 7.566660766227386,\n 54.87182931731596\n ],\n [\n 11.994386894896707,\n 54.87182931731596\n ],\n [\n 11.994386894896707,\n 58.07417121924817\n ],\n [\n 7.566660766227386,\n 58.07417121924817\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f97ce4b0c8380cd4d623","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlebo, H.C.","contributorId":90484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlebo","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosbjerg, D.","contributorId":108266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosbjerg","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, K.H.","contributorId":75710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1186,"text":"wsp2441 - 1998 - Estimation of roughness coefficients for natural stream channels with vegetated banks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2441","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2441","title":"Estimation of roughness coefficients for natural stream channels with vegetated banks","docAbstract":"Roughness coefficients for 21 stream sites in New York state are presented. The site-specific relation between roughness coefficent and flow depth varies in a predictable manner, depending on energy gradient, relative smoothness (Rd50), and channel-vegetation density. The percentage of wetted perimeter that is vegetated is a useful indicator of when streambank vegetation can affect the roughness coefficient. To estimate the magnitude of this effect requires evaluation of the density and percent of submergence of vegetation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wsp2441","isbn":"060788701X","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., 1998, Estimation of roughness coefficients for natural stream channels with vegetated banks: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2441, x, 133 p. :ill. (some col.), map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2441.","productDescription":"x, 133 p. :ill. (some col.), map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2441/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26048,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2441/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb22a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020876,"text":"70020876 - 1998 - Evaporation from a small prairie wetland in the Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota - An energy-budget study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-28T14:22:08.471055","indexId":"70020876","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaporation from a small prairie wetland in the Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota - An energy-budget study","docAbstract":"Evaporation from Wetland P1 in the Cottonwood Lake area of North Dakota, USA was determined by the energy-budget method for 1982–85 and 1987. Evaporation rates were as high as 0.672 cm day−1. Incoming solar radiation, incoming atmospheric radiation, and long-wave radiation emitted from the water body are the largest energy fluxes to and from the wetland. Because of the small heat storage of the water body, evaporation rates closely track solar radiation on short time scales. The effect of advected energy related to precipitation is small because the water quickly heats up by solar radiation following precipitation. Advected energy related to ground water is minimal because ground-water fluxes are small and ground-water temperature is only about 7 °C. Energy flux related to sediment heating and thermal storage in the sediments, which might be expected to be large because the water is clear and shallow, affects evaporation rates by less than 5 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161663","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, R., Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D., and Sturrock, A., 1998, Evaporation from a small prairie wetland in the Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota - An energy-budget study: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 2, p. 272-287, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161663.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"287","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.79245250951534,\n 46.77890516659238\n ],\n [\n -100.79245250951534,\n 46.7656801306309\n ],\n [\n -100.77346774934276,\n 46.7656801306309\n ],\n [\n -100.77346774934276,\n 46.77890516659238\n ],\n [\n -100.79245250951534,\n 46.77890516659238\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d0fe4b0c8380cd52ddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, R.S.","contributorId":73625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":387852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sturrock, A.M.","contributorId":25947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015832,"text":"1015832 - 1998 - Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T16:01:30.462619","indexId":"1015832","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades","docAbstract":"Although large-scale transformation of Everglades landscapes has occurred during the past century, the patterns of association among hydrologic factors and southern Everglades freshwater marsh vegetation have not been well-defined. We used a 10-year data base on the aquatic biota of Shark Slough to classify vegetation and describe plant community change in intermediate- to long-hydroperiod Everglades marshes. Study area marsh vegetation was quantitatively grouped into associations dominated by 1) Cladium jamaicense, 2) a group of emergents includingEleocharis cellulosa, Sagittaria lancifolia, and Rhyncospora tracyi, 3) taxa associated with algal mats (Utricularia spp. and Bacopa caroliniana), and 4) the grasses Panicum hemitomon and Paspalidium geminatum. During the decade evaluated, the range of water depths that characterized our study sites approached both extremes depicted in the 40-year hydrologic record for the region. Water depths were near the long-term average during the mid-1980s, declined sharply during a late 1980s drought, and underwent a prolonged increase from 1991 through 1995. Overall macrophyte cover varied inversely with water depth, while the response of periphyton was more complex. An ordination analysis, based on plant species abundance, revealed that study area vegetation structure was associated with hydrologic patterns. Marsh plant community structure showed evidence of cyclic interannual variation corresponding to hydrologic change over the decade evaluated. Lower water depths, the occurrence of marl substrates, and high periphyton cover were correlated. These factors contributed to reduced macrophyte cover in portions of the study area from which water had been diverted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161658","usgsCitation":"Busch, D.E., Loftus, W., and Bass, O.L., 1998, Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 2, p. 230-241, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161658.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades, Shark Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0326045424484,\n 25.704998787208552\n ],\n [\n -81.0326045424484,\n 25.457292694473253\n ],\n [\n -80.66232127859823,\n 25.457292694473253\n ],\n [\n -80.66232127859823,\n 25.704998787208552\n ],\n [\n -81.0326045424484,\n 25.704998787208552\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ee83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bass, O. L. Jr.","contributorId":31721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bass","given":"O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4915,"text":"twri09A9 - 1998 - Chapter A9. Safety in Field Activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"twri09A9","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09-A9","title":"Chapter A9. Safety in Field Activities","docAbstract":"The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) describes protocols (requirements and recommendations) and provides guidelines for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. This chapter of the manual addresses topics related to personal safety to be used in the collection of water-quality data, including: policies and general regulations on field safety; transportation of people and equipment; implementation of surface-water and ground-water activities; procedures for handling chemicals; and information on potentially hazardous environmental conditions, animals, and plants.\r\n\r\nEach chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.' The URL for this page is http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/\r\nindex.html.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/twri09A9","usgsCitation":"Lane, S.L., and Ray, R.G., 1998, Chapter A9. Safety in Field Activities (Revised Aug 2006): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A9, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A9.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/Chap9/content.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revised Aug 2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e58a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, Susan L.","contributorId":89882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, Ronald G.","contributorId":106104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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,{"id":4799,"text":"pp1552C - 1998 - Chapter C. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Building Structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:40:59","indexId":"pp1552C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1552","chapter":"C","title":"Chapter C. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Building Structures","docAbstract":"Several approaches are used to assess the performance of the built environment following an earthquake -- preliminary damage surveys conducted by professionals, detailed studies of individual structures, and statistical analyses of groups of structures. Reports of damage that are issued by many organizations immediately following an earthquake play a key role in directing subsequent detailed investigations.\r\n\r\nDetailed studies of individual structures and statistical analyses of groups of structures may be motivated by particularly good or bad performance during an earthquake. Beyond this, practicing engineers typically perform stress analyses to assess the performance of a particular structure to vibrational levels experienced during an earthquake. The levels may be determined from recorded or estimated ground motions; actual levels usually differ from design levels. If a structure has seismic instrumentation to record response data, the estimated and recorded response and behavior of the structure can be compared. ","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Performance of the Built Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1552C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 1998, Chapter C. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Building Structures: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1552, p. C1-C186, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1552C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C186","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1552/pp1552c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1552_c.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":149782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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