{"pageNumber":"3486","pageRowStart":"87125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184937,"records":[{"id":70020661,"text":"70020661 - 1998 - Waterfowl management on grass-sage stock ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T16:22:48.319995","indexId":"70020661","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl management on grass-sage stock ponds","docAbstract":"

We studied waterfowl use of grass-sage stock ponds in north-central Wyoming during the 1988 and 1989 breeding seasons. Dabbling ducks, particularly mallards, were the most common breeders. Indicated breeding pair density averaged 2.7 pairs/ha of wetland surface, while brood density averaged 1.0 brood/ha of wetland surface. Waterfowl use and productivity were greatest on large (> 3 ha), clear, deep ponds with grass shorelines and abundant submergent macrophytes. Pair use was positively correlated with water clarity, pond area, and macroinvertebrate diversity. Brood use was related to macroinvertebrate diversity, pond depth, and Shoreline Development Index. We recommend management priority be given to ponds that are deeper than 1 m to provide more water that is clear so macrophytes can be established. Macroivertebrates should be artificially introduced into ponds. Fencing should be used to improve ponds for waterfowl use and brood rearing.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161446","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Svingen, D., and Anderson, S., 1998, Waterfowl management on grass-sage stock ponds: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 1, p. 84-89, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161446.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"89","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Bighorn County, Hot Springs County, Park County, Washakie County","otherGeospatial":"north-central Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.06010781958697,\n 44.99890735714092\n ],\n [\n -111.06010781958697,\n 44.35780065073729\n ],\n [\n -108.9018605225532,\n 44.35780065073729\n ],\n [\n -108.9018605225532,\n 44.99890735714092\n ],\n [\n -111.06010781958697,\n 44.99890735714092\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf4be4b08c986b32e814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Svingen, D.","contributorId":72973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svingen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5871,"text":"pp1573 - 1998 - Sediment transport at gaging stations near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-90. Data collection and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T21:01:30.440904","indexId":"pp1573","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1573","title":"Sediment transport at gaging stations near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-90. Data collection and analysis","docAbstract":"

River sedimentation caused by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, has been monitored in a continuing program by the U.S. Geological Survey. In this report, sediment discharge and changes in sediment transport are summarized from data collected at stream-gaging stations near Mount St. Helens during the years 1980 through 1990. The objectives of the monitoring program included collection of data for calculation of total sediment discharge, computation of daily suspended-sediment discharge, and detailed observations of unique sediment-laden flows. Over the 11-year period, most sediment data were collected at gaging stations on seven eruption affected streams: the Green River, the North and South Fork Toutle Rivers, the Toutle River, the Cowlitz River, Clearwater Creek, and the Muddy River.

\n
\n

About 170 million tons of sediment (excluding volcanic debris flows) were transported in suspension from the Toutle River basin during water years 1980–90. Another 13 million tons were transported past the gaging stations on Muddy River in the upper Lewis River basin during water years 1982–90. Long-term reductions in sediment concentration occurred within most ranges of stream discharge at streams dominated by transport from the debris-avalanche deposit and at streams in drainage basins with extensive airfall deposits. Reductions in sediment concentration were less apparent at upper ranges of discharge in two streams dominated by lahar deposits, the South Fork Toutle River and the Muddy River.

\n
\n

Bed material, suspended sediment, and bedload were sampled periodically and analyzed for size distributions. Bed material and bedload coarsened with time at some stations. Median particle sizes of suspended sediment did not show a simple relation with time. During water years 1980–84, bed material in the lower Toutle River was medium to coarse sand. During the same period, bed material in the North Fork Toutle River was coarse sand and fine gravel. By 1990, bedload samples collected in the North Fork Toutle River (downstream from the sediment-retention structure) were typically coarse gravel.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1573","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R.L., 1998, Sediment transport at gaging stations near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-90. Data collection and analysis (Revised June 5, 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1573, Report: x, 105 p.; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1573.","productDescription":"Report: x, 105 p.; Readme","numberOfPages":"118","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393255,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13148.htm"},{"id":279266,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1573/readme.htm"},{"id":32685,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1573/pdf/PP1573.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1573/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater Creek, Cowlitz River, Green River, Mount St. Helens, Muddy River, North Fork Toutle River, South Fork Toutle River, Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.95,\n 46.05\n ],\n [\n -121.95,\n 46.05\n ],\n [\n -121.95,\n 46.583\n ],\n [\n -122.95,\n 46.583\n ],\n [\n -122.95,\n 46.05\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised June 5, 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6447,"text":"pp1424D - 1998 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22198,"text":"ofr96353 - 1997 - Summary of the Puget-Willamette Lowland regional aquifer-system analysis, Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia","indexId":"ofr96353","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of the Puget-Willamette Lowland regional aquifer-system analysis, Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6447,"text":"pp1424D - 1998 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia","indexId":"pp1424D","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T19:24:24.551204","indexId":"pp1424D","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1424","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia","docAbstract":"This report presents the generalized hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system in Washington and British Columbia. The framework includes a conceptual model of the division of the aquifer system into regional hydrogeologic units for describing on a regional basis the ground-water flow in the system. The conceptual model is based on an analysis of historical data and on results of cross-sectional numerical models of ground-water flow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1424D","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., Hansen, A.J., and Jones, M., 1998, Hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1424, Report: vii, 77 p.; 1 Plate: 40.00 x 32.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1424D.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 77 p.; 1 Plate: 40.00 x 32.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411508,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13145.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":33866,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1424d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33865,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1424d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1424d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.06132108981615,\n 49.254548392531206\n ],\n [\n -124.06132108981615,\n 46.980785167463864\n ],\n [\n -121.87752582623631,\n 46.980785167463864\n ],\n [\n -121.87752582623631,\n 49.254548392531206\n ],\n [\n -124.06132108981615,\n 49.254548392531206\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Arnold J. Jr.","contributorId":84336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Arnold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, M. A.","contributorId":37736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210058,"text":"70210058 - 1998 - Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:43:56.981064","indexId":"70210058","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-28T13:31:13","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood","docAbstract":"

The common loon (Gavia immer) is a high‐trophic‐level, long‐lived, obligate piscivore at risk from elevated levels of Hg through biomagnification and bioaccumulation. From 1991 to 1996 feather (n = 455) and blood (n = 381) samples from adult loons were collected between June and September in five regions of North America: Alaska, northwestern United States, Upper Great Lakes, New England, and the Canadian Maritimes. Concentrations of Hg in adults ranged from 2.8 to 36.7 μg/g (fresh weight) in feathers and from 0.12 to 7.80 μg/g (wet weight) in whole blood. Blood Hg concentrations in 3 to 6‐week‐old juveniles ranged from 0.03 to 0.78 μg/g (wet weight) (n = 183). To better interpret exposure data, relationships between blood and feather Hg concentrations were examined among age and sex classes. Blood and feather Hg concentrations from the same individuals were significantly correlated and varied geographically (r2 ranged from 0.03 to 0.48). Blood and feather Hg correlated strongest in areas with the highest blood Hg levels, indicating a possible carryover of breeding season Hg that is depurated during winter remigial molt. Mean blood and feather Hg concentrations in males were significantly higher than concentrations in females for each region. The mean blood Hg concentration in adults was 10 times higher than that in juveniles, and feather Hg concentrations significantly increased over 1 to 4‐year periods in recaptured individuals. Geographic stratification indicates a significant increasing regional trend in adult and juvenile blood Hg concentrations from west to east. This gradient resembles U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‐modeled predictions of total anthropogenic Hg deposition across the United States. This gradient is clearest across regions. Within‐region blood Hg concentrations in adults and juveniles across nine sites of one region, the Upper Great Lakes, were less influenced by variations in geographic Hg deposition than by hydrology and lake chemistry. Loons breeding on low‐pH lakes in the Upper Great Lakes and in all lake types of northeastern North America are most at risk from Hg.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170206","usgsCitation":"Kaplan, J.D., Meyer, M.W., Reaman, P.S., Braselton, W.E., Major, A., Burgess, N., and Scheuhammer, A.M., 1998, Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 2, p. 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170206.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"183","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Washington, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 62.95522304515911\n ],\n [\n -146.46972656249997,\n 70.12542991464234\n ],\n [\n -150.6005859375,\n 70.52489722821652\n ],\n [\n -165.3662109375,\n 61.37567331572747\n ],\n [\n -150.205078125,\n 59.689926220143356\n ],\n [\n -147.9638671875,\n 60.13056361691419\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 62.95522304515911\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 47.50978034953473\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 47.50978034953473\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 47.50978034953473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 47.45037978769006\n ],\n [\n -113.6700439453125,\n 47.45037978769006\n ],\n [\n -113.6700439453125,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 47.45037978769006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -85.36376953125,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -85.36376953125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 45.166547157856016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 44.19795903948531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.55322265625,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -62.13867187499999,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -62.13867187499999,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -74.55322265625,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -74.55322265625,\n 43.24520272203356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaplan, Joseph D.","contributorId":224648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaplan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael W.","contributorId":149111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17645,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Rhinelander, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reaman, Peter S.","contributorId":224649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reaman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braselton, W. Emmett","contributorId":176143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braselton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Emmett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Major, A.","contributorId":9846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burgess, Neil","contributorId":224650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgess","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scheuhammer, Anton M.","contributorId":15477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheuhammer","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1007919,"text":"1007919 - 1998 - Study design and interpretation of mammalian carnivore density estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-20T16:27:54.132946","indexId":"1007919","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Study design and interpretation of mammalian carnivore density estimates","docAbstract":"

Ecological theory and wildlife management often depend on reliable comparison and interpretation of population density estimates. A synthesis of 1,772 mammalian carnivore population estimates (713 unique to reference, species, site, and size of study area) from 74 species revealed global patterns among aspects of study and interpretive design that undermine the reliability and usefulness of density comparisons. The spatial extent of the study area could explain most of the variation in density, probably because study areas are typically delineated around population clusters. We related the scale-defined density estimates (regression residuals) to 28 other variables measured from the published literature, but none provided convincing biological explanation of the variation in density. Many aspects of study and interpretive design were possibly ill-suited to identifying the factor(s) influencing density. Study attributes and findings were reported inconsistently, and were subject to ideological motivations. Descriptions of vegetation were most difficult to relate to density. More intensive sampling and estimation methods produced above-average density estimates, but the differences were slight and the evidence lacking for concluding whether these more intensive methods were also more accurate. The first underlying factor extracted from principle-components analysis described the growing recognition of population declines and range reductions among large-bodied carnivores, which has also influenced study design. Another factor described an increasing trend for density to be compared and extrapolated to larger areas, but without adjusting for the effect of scale. To understand the factors influencing carnivore distribution and abundance, sampling and reporting methods (e.g., site description with maps) will need to represent the available pool of species, locations, and ecological conditions at larger-than-conventional spatial and temporal scales.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s004420050400","usgsCitation":"Smallwood, K., and Schonewald, C., 1998, Study design and interpretation of mammalian carnivore density estimates: Oecologia, v. 113, no. 4, p. 474-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050400.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"491","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smallwood, K.S.","contributorId":107234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smallwood","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schonewald, C.","contributorId":81831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021880,"text":"70021880 - 1998 - Accuracy and precision of stream reach water surface slopes estimated in the field and from maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T17:19:34.83375","indexId":"70021880","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy and precision of stream reach water surface slopes estimated in the field and from maps","docAbstract":"The accuracy and precision of five tools used to measure stream water surface slope (WSS) were evaluated. Water surface slopes estimated in the field with a clinometer or from topographic maps used in conjunction with a map wheel or geographic information system (GIS) were significantly higher than WSS estimated in the field with a surveying level (biases of 34, 41, and 53%, respectively). Accuracy of WSS estimates obtained with an Abney level did not differ from surveying level estimates, but conclusions regarding the accuracy of Abney levels and clinometers were weakened by intratool variability. The surveying level estimated WSS most precisely (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.26%), followed by the GIS (CV = 1.87%), map wheel (CV = 6.18%), Abney level (CV = 13.68%), and clinometer (CV = 21.57%). Estimates of WSS measured in the field with an Abney level and estimated for the same reaches with a GIS used in conjunction with l:24,000-scale topographic maps were significantly correlated (r = 0.86), but there was a tendency for the GIS to overestimate WSS. Detailed accounts of the methods used to measure WSS and recommendations regarding the measurement of WSS are provided.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0141:AAPOSR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D., Hubert, W.A., and Krueger, K., 1998, Accuracy and precision of stream reach water surface slopes estimated in the field and from maps: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 19, no. 1, p. 141-148, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0141:AAPOSR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"148","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e688e4b0c8380cd47491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krueger, K.L.","contributorId":103812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020208,"text":"70020208 - 1998 - A reexamination of the turquoise group: The mineral aheylite, planerite (redefined), turquoise and coeruleolactite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-04T16:21:36.554144","indexId":"70020208","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reexamination of the turquoise group: The mineral aheylite, planerite (redefined), turquoise and coeruleolactite","docAbstract":"

The turquoise group has the general formula: A (sub 0-1) B 6 (PO 4 ) (sub 4-x) (PO 3 OH) x (OH) 8 .4H 2 O, where x = 0-2, and consists of six members: planerite, turquoise, faustite, aheylite, chalcosiderite and an unnamed Fe (super 2+) -Fe (super 3+) analogue. The existence of \"coeruleolactite\" is doubtful. Planerite is revalidated as a species and is characterized by a dominant A-site vacancy. Aheylite is established as a new member of the group, and is characterized by having Fe (super 2+) dominant in the A-site. Chemical analyses of 15 pure samples of microcrystalline planerite, turquoise, and aheylite show that a maximum of two of the (PO 4 ) groups are protonated (PO 3 OH) in planerite. Complete solid solution exists between planerite and turquoise. Other members of the group show variable A-site vacancy as well. Most samples of \"turquoise\" are cation-deficient or are planerite. Direct determination of water indicates that there are 4 molecules of water. Planerite, ideally []Al 6 (PO 4 ) 2 (PO 3 OH) 2 (OH) 8 .4H 2 O, is white, pale blue or pale green, and occurs as mamillary, botryoidal crusts as much as several mm thick; may also be massive; microcrystalline, crystals typically 2-4 micrometres, luster chalky to earthy, H. 5, somewhat brittle, no cleavage observed, splintery fracture, D m 2.68(2), D c 2.71, not magnetic, not fluorescent, mean RI about 1.60. a 7.505(2), b 9.723(3), c 7.814(2) Aa, alpha 111.43 degrees , beta 115.56 degrees , Gamma 68.69 degrees , V 464.2(1) Aa 3 , Z = 1. Aheylite, ideally Fe (super 2+) Al 6 (PO 4 ) 4 (OH) 8 .4H 2 O, is pale blue or green, and occurs as isolated and aggregate clumps of hemispherical or spherical, radiating to interlocked masses of crystals that average 3 micrometres in maximum dimension; porcelaneous-subvitreous luster, moderate to brittle tenacity, no cleavage observed, hackly to splintery fracture, not magnetic, not fluorescent, biax. (+), mean RI is about 1.63, D m 2.84(2), D c 2.90. a 7.400(1), b 9.896(1), c 7.627(1) Aa, alpha 110.87 degrees , beta 115.00 degrees , gamma 69.96 degrees , V 460.62(9) Aa 3 , Z = 1.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1180/002646198547495","usgsCitation":"Foord, E., and Taggart, J., 1998, A reexamination of the turquoise group: The mineral aheylite, planerite (redefined), turquoise and coeruleolactite: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 62, no. 1, p. 93-111, https://doi.org/10.1180/002646198547495.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"111","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e540e4b0c8380cd46c33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taggart, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":51301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70093913,"text":"70093913 - 1998 - Glaciation and regional ground-water flow in the Fennoscandian Shield: Site 94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T09:14:42","indexId":"70093913","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-01T08:39:24","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":287,"text":"SKI Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"96:11","title":"Glaciation and regional ground-water flow in the Fennoscandian Shield: Site 94","docAbstract":"

Results from a regional-scale ground-water flow model of the Fennoscandian shield \nsuggest that ground-water flow is strongly affected by surface conditions associated \nwith climatic change and glaciation. The model was used to run a series of numerical \nsimulations of variable-density ground-water flow in a 1500-km-long and approximately \n10-km-deep cross-section that passes through southern Sweden. Ground-water flow and \nshield brine transport in the cross-sectional model are controlled by an assumed time \nevolution of surface conditions over the next 140 ka.

\n
\n

Simulations show that, under periglacial conditions, permafrost may locally or \nextensively impede the free recharge or discharge of ground water. Below cold-based \nglacial ice, no recharge or discharge of ground water occurs. Both of these conditions \nresult in the settling of shield brine and consequent freshening of near-surface water in \nareas of natural discharge blocked by permafrost. The presence of warm-based ice with \nbasal melting creates a potential for ground-water recharge rates much larger than \nunder present, ice-free conditions. Recharging basal meltwater can reach depths of a \nfew kilometers in a few thousand years. The vast majority of recharged water is \naccommodated through storage in the volume of bedrock below the local area of \nrecharge; regional (lateral) redistribution of recharged water by subsurface flow is minor \nover the duration of a glacial advance (~10 ka). During glacial retreat, the weight of the \nice overlying a given surface location decreases, and significant upward flow of ground \nwater may occur below the ice sheet due to pressure release, despite the continued \npotential for recharge of basal meltwater. Excess meltwater must exit from below the \nglacier through subglacial cavities and channels. Subsurface penetration of meltwater \nduring glacial advance and up-flow during glacial retreat are greatest if the loading \nefficiency of the shield rock is low. The maximum rate of ground-water discharge occurs \nat the receding ice margin, and some discharge occurs below incursive post-glacial seas.

\n
\n

The simulation results suggest that vertical movement of deep shield brines induced by \nthe next few glacial cycles should not increase the concentration of dissolved solids \nsignificantly above present-day levels. However, the concentration of dissolved solids \nshould decrease significantly at depths of up to several kilometers during periods of \nglacial meltwater recharge. The meltwater may reside in the subsurface for periods \nexceeding 10 ka and may bring oxygenated conditions to an otherwise reducing \nchemical environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate","publisherLocation":"Stockholm, Sweden","usgsCitation":"Provost, A., Voss, C.I., and Neuzil, C., 1998, Glaciation and regional ground-water flow in the Fennoscandian Shield: Site 94: SKI Report 96:11, 82 p.","productDescription":"82 p.","numberOfPages":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Sweden","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 3.69,53.38 ], [ 3.69,62.94 ], [ 25.58,62.94 ], [ 25.58,53.38 ], [ 3.69,53.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5ee8e4b0b290850fbfe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Provost, Alden M.","contributorId":85652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020739,"text":"70020739 - 1998 - Effects of ultraviolet radiation on boreal toads in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T16:07:56.699984","indexId":"70020739","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ultraviolet radiation on boreal toads in Colorado","docAbstract":"

Field exposures of Bufo boreas embryos to fractions of ambient UV-B radiation at two sites in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA, were conducted to evaluate UV-B as a possible cause of recent severe declines of this species. There were no differences in hatching success of B. boreas embryos exposed to 0–100% of ambient UV-B radiation at either study site, results that are different from those of recent studies in Oregon that found increased mortality of B. boreas embryos exposed to ambient UV-B. The reasons for these differing results are not apparent, and several possible explanations exist, including differences in experimental design, presence or absence of a pathogenic fungus, and geographic genetic variation. Bufo boreas embryos were probably not receiving higher doses of UV-B radiation during the experiments in Oregon compared to the experiments in this study. Results of this study do not support UV-B radiation alone as the cause of the decline of B. boreas during the past 20 yr in the southern Rocky Mountains, but UV-B cannot be dismissed because of the contradictory results from other studies.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0018:EOUROB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., 1998, Effects of ultraviolet radiation on boreal toads in Colorado: Ecological Applications, v. 8, no. 1, p. 18-26, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0018:EOUROB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.62445146660353,\n 40.529795379276266\n ],\n [\n -105.62445146660353,\n 40.46036107657892\n ],\n [\n -105.45353483423148,\n 40.46036107657892\n ],\n [\n -105.45353483423148,\n 40.529795379276266\n ],\n [\n -105.62445146660353,\n 40.529795379276266\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0818e4b0c8380cd5198e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188090,"text":"70188090 - 1998 - Townsend's Warbler (Setophaga townsendi)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:19:48","indexId":"70188090","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5033,"text":"The Birds of North America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Townsend's Warbler (Setophaga townsendi)","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","language":"English","publisher":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.2173/bna.333","usgsCitation":"Wright, A., Hayward, G., Matsuoka, S.M., and Hayward, P., 1998, Townsend's Warbler (Setophaga townsendi): The Birds of North America, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.333.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.37109375,\n 64.47279382008166\n ],\n [\n -145.283203125,\n 64.09140752262307\n ],\n [\n -143.7890625,\n 63.66576033778838\n ],\n [\n -142.294921875,\n 63.11463763252091\n ],\n [\n 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Surface processes accelerated by severe storms during the 1997–1998 El Niño event scoured hillsides and damaged property across coastal California. Technological advances such as digital mapping, exemplified here for the San Francisco Bay area but applicable elsewhere, have enabled government agencies to better describe, monitor, and predict the effects of shoreline erosion and slope failure.

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C.","contributorId":50889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":30483,"text":"wri974046 - 1998 - Modifications to a one-dimensional model of unsteady flow in the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri974046","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4046","title":"Modifications to a one-dimensional model of unsteady flow in the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974046","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S.M., and Griffin, E.R., 1998, Modifications to a one-dimensional model of unsteady flow in the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon, Arizona (Revision - 1998): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4046, iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974046.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59265,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revision - 1998","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, Stephen Mark","contributorId":89888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Eleanor R. 0000-0001-6724-9853 egriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-9853","contributorId":1775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Eleanor","email":"egriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020154,"text":"70020154 - 1998 - Early life history stages of Gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T21:09:46.493548","indexId":"70020154","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early life history stages of Gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River, Florida","docAbstract":"

Egg sampling confirmed that Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, a subspecies of Atlantic sturgeon A. o. oxyrinchus use the same spawning site at river kilometer (rkm) 215 from the mouth of the river each year. Forty-nine eggs were recorded in 1995, and 368 were recorded in 1996. Spawning began 4–7 d after the March new moon in both years and lasted 10–11 d; in 1996, a second 10-d spawning round began on the April new moon. Developmental synchrony among eggs recovered suggested several discrete spawning events in both years. Total eggs deposited for three 1996 sampling days was estimated as 405,600–711,000/d, approximating the fecundity range of a large female Gulf sturgeon. Eggs were found only in the southern half of the river, an area with surface currents of 0.5–1.5 m/s and numerous eddies producing reverse bottom currents of 0.1–0.5 m/s. Egg substrate consisted of bedrock limestone thinly overlain by fine sand and densely distributed elliptical gravel 2–10 cm in diameter. Eggs were found predominantly in depths of 2–4 m at water temperatures of 17–21°C, conductivities of 50–100 μS, and dissolved oxygen levels exceeding 5.0 mg/L. The Cody Scarp, 15 rkm above the spawning ground, may mark the upstream limit of spawning areas in the river. Three 2–4-month-old riverine juveniles (82–115 mm total length, TL) collected are the smallest yet captured from any river. Data for 18 riverine age-0 juveniles (to 350 mm TL) suggest that this stage lasts 6–10 months, terminating with migration of fish to the river mouth in January–February. Less than 2% of 461 juveniles captured at the estuarine river mouth (1990–1993) were under 350 mm TL. Riverine age-0 fish were collected over long shallow stretches (typically <4 m deep) of relatively barren sand (rkm 12–238).

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0758:ELHSOG>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K., and Clugston, J.P., 1998, Early life history stages of Gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River, Florida: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 5, p. 758-771, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0758:ELHSOG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"758","endPage":"771","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.99512567329336,\n 30.587996569043057\n ],\n [\n -83.20157545559157,\n 30.461618851538276\n ],\n [\n -83.31626942789909,\n 30.29304990192442\n ],\n [\n -83.24592934581563,\n 30.072912952773045\n ],\n [\n -82.96454648124788,\n 29.924150809795137\n ],\n [\n -83.03183642338303,\n 29.598782097989407\n ],\n [\n -83.16641227016717,\n 29.315917647959438\n ],\n [\n -83.06110339707239,\n 29.251856111100352\n ],\n [\n -82.89058764931039,\n 29.58594008228395\n ],\n [\n -82.83018140321893,\n 29.89341069561231\n ],\n [\n -82.75218628301224,\n 30.587996569043057\n ],\n [\n -82.99512567329336,\n 30.587996569043057\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a048ae4b0c8380cd50a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clugston, James P.","contributorId":11156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clugston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006514,"text":"70006514 - 1998 - Evidence for buoyancy regulation as a speciation mechanism in Great Lakes ciscoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T16:59:52","indexId":"70006514","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T16:54:17","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evidence for buoyancy regulation as a speciation mechanism in Great Lakes ciscoes","docAbstract":"

We present evidence for a hypothesis that the deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) of the Laurentian Great Lakes were selected for buoyancy-regulation traits that facilitated planktivory on Mysis relict, a crustacean that undertakes extensive diel vertical migration (DVM). We assessed the vertical distribution and behavior of bloaters (C. hoyi) in Lake Michigan with bottom and mid-water trawls in late summer 1987 and with acoustics in August 1995. Biomass of bloaters on the lake bottom was reduced by 84% at night. Mean size of bloaters increased with depth as did the reduction in night biomass. Juvenile bloaters (<160 mm total length) occurred in both warm surface waters and in the hypolimnion where adults were aggregated. Hypolimnetic bloaters were 10 to 50 m above the bottom at night, but DVM was confined to the hypolimnion. The greater historical species diversity of deepwater ciscoes in Lakes Michigan and Huron compared with Lake Superior may be a function of reduced availability of mysids in Lake Superior.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and management of Coregonid fishes -- 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","usgsCitation":"Eshenroder, R., Argyle, R.L., and TeWinkel, L.M., 1998, Evidence for buoyancy regulation as a speciation mechanism in Great Lakes ciscoes, chap. of Biology and management of Coregonid fishes -- 1996, p. 207-217.","productDescription":"p. 207-217","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76afe4b0abf75cf2bfe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eshenroder, R.L.","contributorId":62542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshenroder","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"TeWinkel, Leslie M.","contributorId":40168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TeWinkel","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70220367,"text":"70220367 - 1998 - Remote sensing in the USGS Mineral Resource Surveys Program in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T20:05:24.422036","indexId":"70220367","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T16:05:02","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Remote sensing in the USGS Mineral Resource Surveys Program in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"

Mineral deposits commonly occur within special geologic units or structures, such as fault zones, which can be detected and mapped from aircraft and satellite images. Modern techniques analyze multispectral images that record the way solar energy is reflected or emitted by the materials exposed at the Earth's surface. In sparsely vegetated regions, including most of the Western United States, mineral composition is determined directly by analyzing the spectral properties of rock outcrops. In more densely vegetated terrain, such as the Eastern United States, rock and soil composition can be determined directly in manmade exposures, such as plowed fields and construction sites, or much more general determinations can be made indirectly by analyzing the distribution and apparent health of naturally occurring plants. The association of certain plants with particular rock or soil types has been known for decades. For example, coniferous trees grow preferentially on well-drained sandy soil, whereas deciduous trees dominate on shaly bedrock. These two forest types reflect solar radiation quite differently and, therefore, are distinguished readily in conventional aerial photographs. More subtle plant-bedrock associations require digital multispectral image analysis to infer compositional information from the spectral characteristics of the forest canopy.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220367","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., 1998, Remote sensing in the USGS Mineral Resource Surveys Program in the eastern United States: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220367.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/rowan/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220366,"text":"70220366 - 1998 - Revising U.S. Geological Survey mineral-resource assessment methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T20:02:13.261638","indexId":"70220366","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T16:01:57","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Revising U.S. Geological Survey mineral-resource assessment methods","docAbstract":"

As a result of public controversy over recommendations related to the wilderness preservation system, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a series of reviews of its mineral-resource assessment methods. The first review panel recommended several short- and long-term modifications to improve future mineral-resource assessments (Harris and Rieber, 1993). Implementation of some of these recommendations requires the development of new tools to augment USGS assessment procedures. The second panel identified the need to improve the classification of known mineral deposits according to USGS deposit models and to improve the delineation of areas that are favorable for the occurrence of particular mineral-deposit types (Barton and others, 1995).

The panels' major recommendations, however, were to develop two new tools as a first priority -- empirical rate-of-occurrence models for important mineral-deposit types (which aid in the subjective assessment of the number of undiscovered deposits in a given area) and economic cost filters.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220366","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., 1998, Revising U.S. Geological Survey mineral-resource assessment methods: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220366.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/revision/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":815266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220365,"text":"70220365 - 1998 - Mineral resource evaluation of the northeastern United States (Region 9)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T19:59:23.135842","indexId":"70220365","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:59:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Mineral resource evaluation of the northeastern United States (Region 9)","docAbstract":"

Mineral resources are essential to our society. For each person in the United States, approximately 10 tons of minerals are mined annually. Most of this consumption is of bulk mineral commodities (principally aggregates such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone) that are used locally, within about 30 miles of the site where they were mined. Every State mines and produces mineral aggregates.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220365","usgsCitation":"Foose, M.P., 1998, Mineral resource evaluation of the northeastern United States (Region 9): Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220365.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/region9/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 35.04798673426734\n ],\n [\n -66.99462890625,\n 35.04798673426734\n ],\n [\n -66.99462890625,\n 47.56170075451973\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 47.56170075451973\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 35.04798673426734\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foose, Michael P. mfoose@usgs.gov","contributorId":4756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foose","given":"Michael","email":"mfoose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":815265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220364,"text":"70220364 - 1998 - Offshore industrial mineral studies using a marine induced-polarization streamer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T19:53:06.943303","indexId":"70220364","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:52:56","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Offshore industrial mineral studies using a marine induced-polarization streamer system","docAbstract":"

More than 3 million square miles (nearly 8 million square kilometers) of territory that belongs to the United States is relatively unknown. This area is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which extends from 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) off the coast of the United States and its affiliated islands out to 200 nautical miles (370 km) (fig. 1). Since President Reagan claimed U.S. sovereign rights over the EEZ by proclamation on 10 March 1983, much effort has gone into studying it, but much remains to be learned.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220364","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Offshore industrial mineral studies using a marine induced-polarization streamer system: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220364.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/offshore/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70198728,"text":"70198728 - 1998 - Field trip road log—geology and tectonics of the Gualala block","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T15:36:24","indexId":"70198728","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:36:14","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Field trip road log—geology and tectonics of the Gualala block","docAbstract":"

The Pacific Section, S.E.P.M. 1998 Fall Field Trip will traverse rocks of the Gualala block of northern California. Seven stops (Figure 1) will be made in one and a half days and will examine a variety of geologic features and rock types in this significant area. The field trip is an outgrowth of a symposium held at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the Pacific Section, S.E.P.M. in Ventura, California, where eleven papers were presented. The field trip stops will focus on the effects of the 1906 California earthquake, the nature and significance of the spilite of Black Point, the basement of the region, comparison of different turbidite sequences in the Paleocene/Eocene German Rancho Formation, young tectonics in the northern part of the block, the paleontology and structural significance of the Upper Cretaceous Anchor Bay Member of the Gualala Formation of Wentworth (1966), and the geology of the Miocene Point Arena Formation at Arena Cove. At several stops, the origin of the Gualala block which has traveled progressively northwest as a result of movement along the San Andreas fault system will be discussed.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and tectonics of the Gualala block, northern California, SEPM Book 84","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","usgsCitation":"1998, Field trip road log—geology and tectonics of the Gualala block, chap. of Geology and tectonics of the Gualala block, northern California, SEPM Book 84, p. 213-222.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"222","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/pac_sepm/102/102001/pdfs/i.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98deb1e4b0702d0e848702","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Anderson, Thomas B.","contributorId":207097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742754,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742755,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074650,"text":"70074650 - 1998 - Metallogenesis and tectonics of major granitoid-hosted gold metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T15:57:00","indexId":"70074650","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:32:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Metallogenesis and tectonics of major granitoid-hosted gold metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East and Alaska","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anatomy and textures of ore-bearing granitoids of Sikhote Alin (Primorye Region, Russia) and related mineralization: extended abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"IUGS/UNESCO International Field Conference","conferenceDate":"1998-08-31T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Vladivostok, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam","publisherLocation":"Potsdam, Germany","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Goryachev, N., Shpikerman, V.I., Bundtzen, T., Khanchuk, A.I., Ratkin, V.V., and Parfenov, L.M., 1998, Metallogenesis and tectonics of major granitoid-hosted gold metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East and Alaska, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia;United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 106.8,41.2 ], [ 106.8,81.9 ], [ -129.99,81.9 ], [ -129.99,41.2 ], [ 106.8,41.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd66b9e4b0b29085100f42","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Seltmann, R.","contributorId":48721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seltmann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509783,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonevchuk, G.A.","contributorId":111645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonevchuk","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509784,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509782,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goryachev, Nikolai A.","contributorId":7318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goryachev","given":"Nikolai A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shpikerman, Vladimir I.","contributorId":35766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shpikerman","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ratkin, Vladimir V.","contributorId":79924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratkin","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":59112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047752,"text":"70047752 - 1998 - Hydrology and snowmelt simulation of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T17:07:47","indexId":"70047752","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:32:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"115","title":"Hydrology and snowmelt simulation of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah","docAbstract":"

Increasing residential and commercial development is placing increased demands on the ground- and surface-water resources of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas in the southwestern corner of Summit County, Utah. Data collected during 1993-95 were used to assess the quantity and quality of the water resources in the study area.

Ground water within the study area is present in consolidated rocks and unconsolidated valley fill. The complex geology makes it difficult to determine the degree of hydraulic connection between different blocks of consolidated rocks. Increased ground-water withdrawal during 1983- 95 generally has not affected ground-water levels. Ground-water withdrawal in some areas, however, caused seasonal fluctuations and a decline in ground-water levels from 1994 to 1995, despite greater-than-normal recharge in the spring of 1995.


Ground water generally has a dissolved-solids concentration that ranges from 200 to 600 mg/L. Higher sulfate concentrations in water from wells and springs near Park City and in McLeod Creek and East Canyon Creek than in other parts of the study area are the result of mixing with water that discharges from the Spiro Tunnel. The presence of chloride in water from wells and springs near Park City and in streams and wells near Interstate Highway 80 is probably caused by the dissolution of applied road salt. Chlorofluorocarbon analyses indicate that even though water levels rise within a few weeks of snowmelt, the water took 15 to 40 years to move from areas of recharge to areas of discharge.


Water budgets for the entire study area and for six subbasins were developed to better understand the hydrologic system. Ground-water recharge from precipitation made up about 80 percent of the ground-water recharge in the study area. Ground-water discharge to streams made up about 40 percent of the surface water in the study area and ground-water discharge to springs and mine tunnels made up about 25 percent. Increasing use of ground water has the potential to decrease discharge to streams and affect both the amount and quality of surface water in the study area. A comparison of the 1995 to 1994 water budgets emphasizes that the hydrologic system in the study area is very dependent upon the amount of annual precipitation. Although precipitation on the study area was much greater in 1995 than in 1994, most of the additional water resulted in additional streamflow and spring discharge that flows out of the study area. Ground-water levels and groundwater discharge are dependent upon annual precipitation and can vary substantially from year to year.


Snowmelt runoff was simulated to assist in estimating ground-water recharge to consolidated rock and unconsolidated valley fill. A topographically distributed snowmelt model controlled by independent inputs of net radiation, meteorological parameters, and snowcover properties was used to calculate the energy and mass balance of the snowcover.

","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; Park City; Summit County; and the Weber Basin Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., Mason, J.L., and Susong, D.D., 1998, Hydrology and snowmelt simulation of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah: Technical Publication 115, vi, 84 p.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"93","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047752/report.pdf"},{"id":279942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047752/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":332236,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-165"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Summit County","city":"Park City","otherGeospatial":"East Canyon Creek;Mcleod Creek;Snyderville Basin;Spiro Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.646973,40.599669 ], [ -111.646973,40.819739 ], [ -111.432945,40.819739 ], [ -111.432945,40.599669 ], [ -111.646973,40.599669 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529dba1ce4b0516126f68cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204694,"text":"70204694 - 1998 - Coastal Louisiana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70204694,"text":"70204694 - 1998 - Coastal Louisiana","indexId":"70204694","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Coastal Louisiana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T15:56:04","indexId":"70204694","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:22:08","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Gosselink, J.G., Coleman, J., and Stewart, R.E., 1998, Coastal Louisiana, chap. of Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, p. 385-436.","productDescription":"52 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"436","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.658447265625,\n 28.468691297348148\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 28.468691297348148\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 30.5717205651999\n ],\n [\n -93.658447265625,\n 30.5717205651999\n ],\n [\n -93.658447265625,\n 28.468691297348148\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gosselink, James G.","contributorId":77575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosselink","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, J.","contributorId":73560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Robert E. Jr.","contributorId":72861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006843,"text":"70006843 - 1998 - Natural establishment of woody species on abandoned agricultural fields in the lower Mississippi Valley: first- and second-year results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:41:17","indexId":"70006843","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:18:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":33,"text":"General Technical Report SRS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"20","title":"Natural establishment of woody species on abandoned agricultural fields in the lower Mississippi Valley: first- and second-year results","docAbstract":"The natural establishment of woody seedlings on abandoned agricultural fields was investigated at sites in Louisiana and Mississippi. Series of disked and undisked plots originating at forest edges and oriented in cardinal directions were established on fields at each site. During the firest 2 years, seedling recruitment was dominated by sweetgum, sugarberry, and elms at both sites. Seedling establishment was strongly affected by direction from mature forest and disking, and to a slightly lesser degree by distance from mature forest. Slightly under half of the variation in seedling numbers per plot was explained by the effects of direction, distance, and disking, indicating that other factors also may play an important role in seedling recruitment.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., McCoy, J., and Keeland, B.D., 1998, Natural establishment of woody species on abandoned agricultural fields in the lower Mississippi Valley: first- and second-year results: General Technical Report SRS 20, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7782e4b0abf75cf2c15f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoy, J.W. 0000-0003-3013-730X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-730X","contributorId":61204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeland, B. D.","contributorId":45275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100312,"text":"ofr98XXX - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for brigde 5 (STOCTH00360005) on Town Highway 36, crossing Stony Brook, Stockridge, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T07:29:42","indexId":"ofr98XXX","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:17:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-XXX","title":"Level II scour analysis for brigde 5 (STOCTH00360005) on Town Highway 36, crossing Stony Brook, Stockridge, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nSTOCTH00360005 on Town Highway 36 crossing Stony Brook, Stockbridge, Vermont \n(figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a \nquantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, \n1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. \nA Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. \nInformation on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) \nfiles, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in \nappendix D.\nThe site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in \ncentral Vermont. The 23.0-mi2\n drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. \nIn the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is forest on the left and right banks \ndownstream and left bank upstream, while the right bank upstream is pasture with some \nshrubs and brush. \nIn the study area, Stony Brook has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of \napproximately 0.01 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 109 ft and an average bank height \nof 11 ft. The channel bed material is predominantly gravel with a median grain size (D50) of \n71.7 mm (0.235 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I site visit on April \n12, 1995, and Level II site visit on July 9, 1996, indicated that the reach was stable.\nThe Town Highway 36 crossing of Stony Brook is a 50-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting \nof one 48-foot steel-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommunication, March 23, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge \nface is 46.3 ft. The bridge is supported by a vertical, concrete abutment on the left and a \nvertical, concrete abutment with wingwalls on the right. The channel is skewed \napproximately 5 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 0 degrees. \nA scour hole 2.0 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed during the Level I \nassessment along the left side of the channel at the downstream bridge face where the flow \nimpacts a bedrock outcrop. Scour protection measures at the site included type-1 stone fill \n(less than 12 inches diameter) along the right bank upstream and at the upstream and \ndownstream ends of the left abutment, type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) at the \nupstream end of the upstream right wingwall, and type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches \ndiameter) at the downstream end of the downstream right wingwall. Additional details \ndescribing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D \nand E.\nScour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general \nguidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) \nfor the 100- and 500-year discharges. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of \nthree components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to \naccelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused \nby accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three \ncomponents. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and \na summary of the results of these computations follows.\nContraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 ft. The worst-case \ncontraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 9.7 to \n22.2 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional \ninformation on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour \nResults”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented \nin tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure \n8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a \nhomogeneous particle-size distribution. \nIt is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively \nconservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 47). Usually, \ncomputed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but \nnot limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability \nassessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. \nTherefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values \ndocumented herein.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr98XXX","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency OF Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Striker, L.K., and Weber, M.A., 1998, Level II scour analysis for brigde 5 (STOCTH00360005) on Town Highway 36, crossing Stony Brook, Stockridge, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-XXX, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98XXX.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286087,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70100312/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.708351016,43.7599249087 ], [ -72.708351016,43.7610910976 ], [ -72.7057975531,43.7610910976 ], [ -72.7057975531,43.7599249087 ], [ -72.708351016,43.7599249087 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594aae4b0120853e8c050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striker, Lora K.","contributorId":41481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striker","given":"Lora","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Matthew A.","contributorId":41483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70217707,"text":"70217707 - 1998 - Military geology unit of the U.S. Geological Survey during World War II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T21:24:53.956546","indexId":"70217707","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:15:16","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Military geology unit of the U.S. Geological Survey during World War II","docAbstract":"

On June 24, 1942, the temporary Military Geology Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey was formalized after the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requested them to prepare terrain intelligence studies to meet wartime priorities. The entire Military Geology Unit wartime roster was 114 professionals, including 88 geologists, 11 soil scientists, and 15 other specialists; 14 were women. Assisting staff (illustrators, typists, photographers, and others) totaled 43. The unit produced 313 studies, including 140 major terrain folios, 42 other major special reports, and 131 minor studies. These reports contain about 5,000 maps, 4,000 photographs and figures, 2,500 large tables, and 140 terrain diagrams. Most products were designed in the beginning for general strategic planning in Washington and later for detailed strategic planning overseas; they utilized graphics and nontechnical, telegraphic-style tabular texts.

The Military Geology Unit's principal effort was the preparation of the terrain folios titled Strategic Engineering Studies. They varied somewhat in content and format, but the key components usually were introduction, terrain appreciation, rivers, road and airfield construction, construction materials, and water resources. The folios, produced at an average rate of about one per week and at an average cost of $2,500, were compiled from scientific journals, books, maps, and photographs available in the Washington area by a team of 3 to 8 scientists; 8 to 12 teams might be working concurrently. MGU personnel took great pride in never having missed a delivery deadline.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/REG13-p49","usgsCitation":"Terman, M.J., 1998, Military geology unit of the U.S. Geological Survey during World War II, p. 49-54, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG13-p49.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terman, Maurice J.","contributorId":10041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terman","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}