{"pageNumber":"3487","pageRowStart":"87150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184937,"records":[{"id":70093983,"text":"70093983 - 1998 - Hydrogeology and groundwater quality of the glaciated valleys of Bradford, Tioga, and Potter Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T15:39:23","indexId":"70093983","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:09:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":143,"text":"Water Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"68","title":"Hydrogeology and groundwater quality of the glaciated valleys of Bradford, Tioga, and Potter Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The most important sources of groundwater in Bradford, Tioga, and Potter Counties are the stratified-drift aquifers. Saturated sand and gravel primarily of outwash origin forms extensive unconfined aquifers in the valleys. Outwash is underlain in most major valleys by silt, clay, and very fine sand of lacustrine origin that comprise extensive confining units. The lacustrine confining units locally exceed 100 feet in thickness. Confined aquifers of ice-contact  sand and gravel are buried locally beneath the lacustrine deposits. Bedrock and till are the basal confining units of the stratifies-drift aquifer systems. Recharge to the stratified-drift aquifers if by direct infiltration of precipitation, tributary-stream infiltration, infiltration of unchanneled runoff at the valley walls, and groundwater inflow from the bedrock and till uplands. Valley areas underlain by superficial sand and gravel contribute about 1 million gallons per day per square mile of water from precipitation to the aquifers. Tributary streams provide recharge of nearly 590 gallons per day per foot of stream reach. Water is added at the rate of 1 million gallons per day per square mile of bordering uplands not drained by tributary streams to the stratified-drift aquifers from unchanneled runoff and groundwater inflow. Induced infiltration can be a major source of recharge to well fields completed in unconfined stratified-drift aquifers that are in good hydraulic connection with surface water. The well fields of an industrial site in North Towanda, a public-water supplier at Tioga Point, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Asaph accounted for 75 percent of the 10.8 million gallons per day pf groundwater withdrawn by public suppliers and other selected users in 1985. The well fields tap stratified-drift aquifers that are substantially recharged by induced infiltration or tributary-stream infiltration. Specific-capacity data from 95 wells indicate that most wells completed in stratified-drift aquifers have specific capacities an order of magnitude greater than those completed in till and bedrock, Wells completed in unconfined stratified-drift aquifers and in bedrock aquifers have the highest and lowest median specific capacities -- 24 and 0.80 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown, respectively. Wells completed in confined stratified-drift aquifers and in till have median specific capacties of 11 and 0.87 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown, respectively. The results of 223 groundwater-quality analyses indicate two major hydrogeochemical zones: (1) a zone of unrestricted groundwater flow that contains water of the calcium bicarbonate type (this zone is found in almost all of the stratified-drift aquifers, till, and shallow bedrock systems); and (2) a zone of restricted groundwater slow that contains water of the sodium chloride type (this zone is found in the bedrock, and, in some areas, in till and confined stratified-drift aquifers). Samples pumped from wells that penetrate restricted-flow zones have median concentrations of total dissolved solids, dissolved chloride, and dissolved barium of 840 and 350 milligrams per liter, and 2,100 micrograms per liter, respectively. Excessive concentrations of iron and manganese are common in the groundwater of the study area; about 50 percent of the wells sampled contain water that has iron and manganese concentrations that exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant levels of 300 and 50 micrograms per liter, respectively. Only water in the unconfined stratified-drift aquifers and the Catskill Formation has median concentrations lower than these limits.","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","isbn":"081820169X","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Taylor, L.E., and Low, D.J., 1998, Hydrogeology and groundwater quality of the glaciated valleys of Bradford, Tioga, and Potter Counties, Pennsylvania: Water Resource Report 68, v, 89 p.","productDescription":"v, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bradford County;Potter County;Tioga County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.367676,41.542419 ], [ -78.367676,42.002415 ], [ -76.101494,42.002415 ], [ -76.101494,41.542419 ], [ -78.367676,41.542419 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6125e4b0b290850fd5c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Larry E.","contributorId":73920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Low, Dennis J. djlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Dennis","email":"djlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006782,"text":"70006782 - 1998 - Release of metamorphosed juveniles by the green floater, <i>Lasmigona subviridis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T14:46:37","indexId":"70006782","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:44:30","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":415,"text":"Triannual Unionid Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Release of metamorphosed juveniles by the green floater, <i>Lasmigona subviridis</i>","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","usgsCitation":"Lellis, W., and King, T., 1998, Release of metamorphosed juveniles by the green floater, <i>Lasmigona subviridis</i>: Triannual Unionid Report 16, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f9e4b07b8813a554fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70094658,"text":"70094658 - 1998 - General philosophy 5: Concerning nonuniqueness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T14:30:17.45857","indexId":"70094658","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:38:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"General philosophy 5: Concerning nonuniqueness","docAbstract":"<p><span>There are models we might like to accept that just dont fit gravity, magnetic, or electrical data. This benefit of modeling is important. It forces the interpreter to prove that an interpretation is possible, and it eliminates impossible models even seismic models. A simple depth estimate may be all the model one needs to eliminate an idea. Other times, we need a careful and detailed model to help us understand what’s possible and unambiguously impossible.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: Case histories","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Chapin, D.A., 1998, General philosophy 5: Concerning nonuniqueness, chap. <i>of</i> Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: Case histories, v. 43, p. 101-102.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282645,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/980/chapter/106863694/General-Philosophy-5Concerning-Nonuniqueness"}],"volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a8de4b0b290850f96e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, D. A.","contributorId":48869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70094657,"text":"70094657 - 1998 - General philosophy 3: Concerning modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T14:26:43.448763","indexId":"70094657","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:33:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"General philosophy 3: Concerning modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span>The trend toward modeling is a healthy change from the days when “prospects” were located solely on the basis of closures on residual maps of mysterious and sometimes secret origin. Although residual maps are valuable for helping us notice unusual relationships, the business of exploration has become less tolerant of anything that raises more questions than it answers. A flurry of residual maps is a pretty good example of such a thing. Once an appealing target is noticed in a residual, its geologic origin ought to be questioned and justified in relation to the basic, measured data.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: Case histories","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tusla, OK","usgsCitation":"Chapin, D.A., 1998, General philosophy 3: Concerning modeling, chap. <i>of</i> Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: Case histories, v. 43, p. 84-85.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282643,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/980/chapter/106863671/General-Philosophy-3Concerning-Modeling"}],"volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a8de4b0b290850f96e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, D. A.","contributorId":48869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70094656,"text":"70094656 - 1998 - General philosophy 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T14:27:57.284191","indexId":"70094656","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:25:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"General philosophy 4","docAbstract":"<p>I offer these statements about the interpretation process:</p><p>A contractor's job often consists of enhancing potential-field data to make them as interpretable as possible (by either the contractor or the client). In getting data ready for interpretation, I like to confine the work to “atural processes” and avoid arbitrary processes.</p><p>I see too many people abusing the facilities available in commercial software packages and applying polygonal fits of the third, fourth, fifth, seventh, ninth order and calculating residuals until something strikes a chord, and then off they go and interpret the results. Alternatively, all too many people apply arbitrary frequency-domain filters chosen to pretty up the data without a lot of thought about the consequence. Then you no longer have a potential field.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: Case histories","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tusla, OK","usgsCitation":"Chapin, D.A., 1998, General philosophy 4, chap. <i>of</i> Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: Case histories, v. 43, p. 92-93.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385303,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/980/chapter/106863688/General-Philosophy-4"}],"volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a8de4b0b290850f96e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, D. A.","contributorId":48869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70074114,"text":"70074114 - 1998 - Sources of magnetic anomalies over a sedimentary basin: preliminary results from the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T14:28:21","indexId":"70074114","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:23:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sources of magnetic anomalies over a sedimentary basin: preliminary results from the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: case histories","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists; Society of Exploration Geophysicists","isbn":"156080078X","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., Saltus, R.W., and Reynolds, R.L., 1998, Sources of magnetic anomalies over a sedimentary basin: preliminary results from the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, chap. <i>of</i> Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: case histories, p. 130-134.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.02,67.16 ], [ -150.02,70.41 ], [ -140.89,70.41 ], [ -140.89,67.16 ], [ -150.02,67.16 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7364e4b0b29085108eb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70200798,"text":"70200798 - 1998 - Velocities of the Pine Island, Thwaites, and smaller glaciers along the Marie Byrd Land coast, West Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:18:15","indexId":"70200798","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:17:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocities of the Pine Island, Thwaites, and smaller glaciers along the Marie Byrd Land coast, West Antarctica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Average velocities for time intervals ranging from &lt; 1 to 15 years were measured by tracking ice-surface patterns on sequential Landsat and European Remote-sensing Satellite synthetic aperture radar images. Velocities ofThwaites Glacier range from 2.2 km a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>&nbsp;above the grounding line to 3.4 km a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>&nbsp;at the limit of measurements onThwaites Glacier ice tongue. The glacier increases in velocity by about 1 km a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>&nbsp;where it crosses the grounding line. Over the period 1984-93, Thwaites Glacier ice tongue accelerated by about 0.6 kin a .Velocities of the floating part of several minor glaciers and some ice shelves are also determined: Land Glacier, 17—1.9 km a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>&nbsp;; DeVicq Glacier, 0.7-1.1 km a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>; Dotson Ice Shelf 0.2-0.5 km a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>; Gctz Ice Shelf, 0.2-0.8 km a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>; and Sulzberger Ice Shelf, 0.01 -0.02 km a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>. The high velocities along the Marie Byrd Land coast are consistent with the high precipitation rates over West Antarctica and, for some of the glaciers, the lack of buttressing ice shelves.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/1998AoG27-1-47-53","usgsCitation":"Rosanova, C.E., Lucchitta, B.K., and Ferrigno, J.G., 1998, Velocities of the Pine Island, Thwaites, and smaller glaciers along the Marie Byrd Land coast, West Antarctica: Annals of Glaciology, v. 27, p. 47-53, https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG27-1-47-53.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-47-53","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1102abe4b034bf6a80a166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosanova, Christina E.","contributorId":71497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073908,"text":"70073908 - 1998 - Summary of ground-water quality in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T13:20:15","indexId":"70073908","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:17:11","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Summary of ground-water quality in West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data for the 28 sites in the West Virginia ambient ground-water-quality network and for wells in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System (NWIS) data base for West Virginia were analyzed statistically to identify any water-quality trends and relations and to compare data from the two data sets. Data for 10 selected properties and constituents (pH, fecal coliform, iron, manganese, sulfate, hardness, nitrate plus nitrite, chloride, fluoride, and dissolved solids) were grouped by geologic unit, topographic setting, well depth, and season; simple statistical descriptors such as mean, median, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, and 10th and 90th percentiles were computed for each property and constituent and are summarized in tables. </p><p>Analysis of the data for wells from the NWIS data base showed that highest median concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese are in samples from the Lower Pennsylvanian units, which are found mainly in the low-sulfur coal fields of southern West Virginia; the highest median concentration of dissolved sulfate is in samples from the Quaternary alluvium along the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers; and the highest median hardness and concentrations of dissolved nitrate plus nitrite are in samples from the Cambrian and Ordovician karst limestone units found mainly in the Eastern Panhandle. The highest median concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese are in samples from valley wells and wells of shallow depth, and hardness is greatest in samples from hilltop wells. Analysis of data for all wells and springs in the ambient network corroborated statistics for the NWIS data set in that median concentration of total iron is highest in samples from the Lower Pennsylvanian units, median concentration of dissolved sulfate is highest in samples from the Quaternary alluvium, and hardness and median concentrations of total nitrate plus nitrite are highest in samples from the Cambrian and Ordovician units. Data from the ambient network did not show any significant seasonal variations in groundwater quality. Of the additional constituents sampled for in the ambient network, median concentrations of metals were less than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards, and organic chemical constituents were rarely detected. </p><p>Statistical comparisons of data from the NWIS data base and the ambient network data set showed no significant differences except for fecal coliform, iron, and manganese. Median concentrations of these three constituents were several times greater for samples from wells and springs in the ambient network. Statistical differences in values for these constituents could be attributed to differences in the state of constituents sampled (dissolved concentrations of iron and manganese for the NWIS data set as opposed to total concentrations for the ambient network data set) and the smaller number of sites in the ambient network. Statistical resolution could be improved by sampling a greater number of wells and springs that have a greater diversity of geologic and topographic conditions for the ambient network. The present ambient network does not include sites in Silurian or Middle Pennsylvanian geologic units nor sites in hilltop settings. The statistical validity of the ambient network could be improved by sampling additional sites, especially those for aquifers underrepresented in the data set. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Charleston, WV","doi":"10.3133/70073908","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey for the West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection, Office of Water Resources, Ground-Water Program","usgsCitation":"Mathes, M., Kozar, M.D., and Brown, D., 1998, Summary of ground-water quality in West Virginia, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70073908.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70073908/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.075947,39.72135],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-79.478866,39.531689],[-79.482366,39.531689],[-79.487651,39.279933],[-79.486873,39.205961],[-79.476037,39.203728],[-79.43983,39.217074],[-79.424413,39.228171],[-79.425059,39.233686],[-79.42035,39.23888],[-79.412051,39.240546],[-79.387023,39.26554],[-79.376154,39.273154],[-79.35375,39.278039],[-79.343801,39.286096],[-79.344344,39.293534],[-79.33238,39.299919],[-79.314768,39.304381],[-79.290236,39.299323],[-79.283723,39.30964],[-79.282037,39.323048],[-79.255306,39.335874],[-79.25227,39.356663],[-79.213961,39.36532],[-79.195543,39.38779],[-79.179335,39.388342],[-79.176977,39.39213],[-79.16722,39.393256],[-79.159213,39.413021],[-79.143827,39.408517],[-79.140699,39.416649],[-79.129816,39.419901],[-79.129047,39.429542],[-79.117932,39.434412],[-79.11407,39.443321],[-79.104217,39.448358],[-79.095428,39.462548],[-79.098875,39.471438],[-79.096517,39.472799],[-79.068627,39.474515],[-79.056583,39.471014],[-79.052447,39.482315],[-79.046276,39.483801],[-79.036915,39.476795],[-79.030343,39.465403],[-79.017147,39.466977],[-78.967461,39.439804],[-78.956751,39.440264],[-78.953333,39.463645],[-78.938869,39.4741],[-78.942618,39.479614],[-78.933613,39.48618],[-78.918142,39.485858],[-78.891197,39.5189],[-78.885996,39.522581],[-78.874744,39.522611],[-78.851931,39.551848],[-78.851196,39.559924],[-78.838553,39.5673],[-78.816764,39.561691],[-78.813512,39.56772],[-78.820104,39.576287],[-78.82636,39.577333],[-78.826009,39.588829],[-78.818899,39.59037],[-78.812215,39.597717],[-78.809347,39.608063],[-78.795857,39.606934],[-78.801741,39.627488],[-78.795941,39.637287],[-78.781341,39.636787],[-78.775241,39.645687],[-78.76584,39.648487],[-78.76504,39.646087],[-78.777516,39.621712],[-78.763171,39.618897],[-78.748499,39.626262],[-78.736189,39.621708],[-78.733553,39.615533],[-78.747063,39.60569],[-78.751514,39.609947],[-78.760497,39.609984],[-78.77686,39.604027],[-78.778141,39.601364],[-78.76749,39.587487],[-78.756747,39.58069],[-78.746421,39.579544],[-78.733979,39.586618],[-78.72501,39.563973],[-78.694626,39.553251],[-78.689455,39.54577],[-78.657417,39.535068],[-78.623037,39.539512],[-78.600511,39.533434],[-78.593871,39.535158],[-78.587079,39.52802],[-78.567937,39.519902],[-78.521388,39.52479],[-78.5032,39.518652],[-78.471166,39.516103],[-78.462899,39.52084],[-78.461911,39.532971],[-78.45105,39.536695],[-78.449499,39.542281],[-78.438357,39.538753],[-78.430414,39.549418],[-78.424053,39.546315],[-78.418777,39.548953],[-78.426537,39.559155],[-78.454376,39.574319],[-78.458338,39.580426],[-78.454527,39.588958],[-78.443175,39.591155],[-78.408031,39.578593],[-78.395317,39.584215],[-78.397471,39.590232],[-78.425581,39.607599],[-78.433002,39.61652],[-78.43025,39.62329],[-78.420549,39.624021],[-78.383591,39.608912],[-78.374732,39.608635],[-78.372255,39.6112],[-78.382959,39.622246],[-78.382487,39.628216],[-78.373166,39.630459],[-78.35577,39.626258],[-78.353465,39.628912],[-78.359506,39.638081],[-78.351905,39.640486],[-78.266833,39.618818],[-78.254077,39.640089],[-78.223597,39.661097],[-78.233138,39.672875],[-78.227333,39.676121],[-78.202945,39.676653],[-78.192439,39.689118],[-78.176625,39.695967],[-78.107834,39.682137],[-78.089835,39.671668],[-78.08226,39.671166],[-78.035992,39.63572],[-78.011343,39.604083],[-78.00233,39.600488],[-77.976686,39.599744],[-77.966223,39.607435],[-77.957642,39.608614],[-77.950599,39.603944],[-77.951955,39.592709],[-77.946182,39.584814],[-77.93905,39.587139],[-77.936371,39.594508],[-77.93545,39.608076],[-77.944133,39.614617],[-77.94194,39.61879],[-77.932862,39.617676],[-77.923298,39.604852],[-77.888477,39.597343],[-77.880993,39.602852],[-77.886959,39.613329],[-77.885124,39.615775],[-77.833568,39.602936],[-77.829814,39.587288],[-77.83633,39.56637],[-77.878451,39.563493],[-77.888648,39.558054],[-77.886436,39.551947],[-77.865351,39.538381],[-77.866518,39.520039],[-77.86368,39.515032],[-77.84192,39.51847],[-77.839061,39.531117],[-77.827188,39.530458],[-77.823762,39.525907],[-77.82565,39.516895],[-77.845103,39.505845],[-77.845666,39.498628],[-77.80183,39.489395],[-77.791765,39.490789],[-77.781608,39.499067],[-77.765993,39.495724],[-77.769125,39.490281],[-77.797787,39.47876],[-77.796755,39.472448],[-77.778522,39.463663],[-77.779202,39.460392],[-77.798468,39.46067],[-77.798144,39.455981],[-77.786052,39.444224],[-77.80086,39.440841],[-77.802542,39.435969],[-77.792751,39.430593],[-77.763319,39.428436],[-77.754681,39.424658],[-77.735905,39.389665],[-77.738084,39.386211],[-77.752209,39.383328],[-77.753804,39.379624],[-77.743874,39.359947],[-77.74593,39.353221],[-77.759315,39.345314],[-77.761115,39.339757],[-77.755789,39.333899],[-77.719029,39.321125],[-77.734899,39.312409],[-77.747287,39.295001],[-77.762844,39.258445],[-77.768992,39.256417],[-77.770876,39.24976],[-77.767277,39.24938],[-77.771415,39.236776],[-77.793631,39.210125],[-77.805099,39.174222],[-77.821413,39.15241],[-77.822182,39.139985],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-78.347087,39.466012],[-78.349476,39.462205],[-78.345143,39.459484],[-78.346546,39.442616],[-78.353227,39.436792],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-78.359918,39.409028],[-78.349436,39.397252],[-78.350014,39.392861],[-78.343214,39.388807],[-78.366867,39.35929],[-78.34048,39.353492],[-78.338958,39.349889],[-78.347409,39.343402],[-78.34546,39.341024],[-78.35894,39.319484],[-78.364686,39.317312],[-78.367242,39.310148],[-78.385888,39.294888],[-78.419422,39.257476],[-78.399785,39.244129],[-78.404214,39.241214],[-78.405585,39.231176],[-78.437053,39.199766],[-78.436662,39.196658],[-78.424905,39.193301],[-78.428697,39.187217],[-78.426315,39.182762],[-78.403697,39.167451],[-78.427294,39.152726],[-78.436658,39.141691],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.459869,39.113351],[-78.484283,39.107372],[-78.49516,39.100992],[-78.516479,39.081802],[-78.522714,39.071062],[-78.540216,39.060631],[-78.571901,39.031995],[-78.550467,39.018065],[-78.570462,39.001552],[-78.593261,38.971918],[-78.601399,38.96653],[-78.608369,38.969743],[-78.611184,38.976134],[-78.618676,38.974082],[-78.619914,38.981288],[-78.625672,38.982575],[-78.638423,38.966819],[-78.646589,38.968138],[-78.65905,38.947375],[-78.680456,38.925313],[-78.688266,38.92478],[-78.69738,38.915602],[-78.704323,38.915231],[-78.718647,38.904561],[-78.7209,38.909844],[-78.717076,38.936028],[-78.738921,38.927283],[-78.750517,38.916029],[-78.759085,38.900529],[-78.786025,38.887187],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.993997,38.850102],[-78.998171,38.847353],[-79.006552,38.823712],[-79.019553,38.817912],[-79.027253,38.792113],[-79.046554,38.792113],[-79.054954,38.785713],[-79.051254,38.773913],[-79.060954,38.756713],[-79.072555,38.747513],[-79.085455,38.724614],[-79.092755,38.702315],[-79.090755,38.692515],[-79.084355,38.686516],[-79.092955,38.659517],[-79.106356,38.656217],[-79.120256,38.660216],[-79.129757,38.655017],[-79.151257,38.620618],[-79.170658,38.56922],[-79.205859,38.524521],[-79.210959,38.507422],[-79.206959,38.503522],[-79.210591,38.492913],[-79.221406,38.484837],[-79.224192,38.477763],[-79.240059,38.469841],[-79.242641,38.454168],[-79.253067,38.455818],[-79.267414,38.438322],[-79.282225,38.432078],[-79.279678,38.424173],[-79.282971,38.418095],[-79.288432,38.42096],[-79.312276,38.411876],[-79.476638,38.457228],[-79.521469,38.533918],[-79.53687,38.550917],[-79.555471,38.560217],[-79.571771,38.563117],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.661575,38.567316],[-79.659275,38.562416],[-79.665075,38.560916],[-79.669275,38.549516],[-79.666874,38.538317],[-79.672974,38.528717],[-79.662074,38.515517],[-79.670474,38.507717],[-79.680374,38.510617],[-79.682974,38.501317],[-79.694506,38.494232],[-79.697572,38.487223],[-79.69418,38.478311],[-79.699006,38.475148],[-79.698929,38.469869],[-79.688882,38.458714],[-79.689675,38.431439],[-79.706634,38.41573],[-79.72635,38.38707],[-79.731698,38.373376],[-79.727676,38.371701],[-79.725973,38.363229],[-79.740615,38.354101],[-79.764432,38.356514],[-79.77309,38.335529],[-79.79655,38.32348],[-79.810154,38.306707],[-79.802778,38.292073],[-79.795448,38.290228],[-79.789791,38.281167],[-79.788945,38.268703],[-79.806333,38.259193],[-79.811987,38.260401],[-79.819623,38.248234],[-79.830882,38.249687],[-79.835124,38.241892],[-79.846445,38.240003],[-79.850324,38.233329],[-79.891591,38.204652],[-79.898426,38.193045],[-79.916344,38.186278],[-79.921196,38.180378],[-79.916622,38.177994],[-79.918629,38.172671],[-79.915065,38.168088],[-79.918662,38.15479],[-79.925512,38.150237],[-79.933751,38.135508],[-79.944843,38.131585],[-79.938952,38.111619],[-79.92633,38.107151],[-79.953509,38.081484],[-79.973895,38.040004],[-79.973701,38.032556],[-79.986142,38.014182],[-79.994985,38.007853],[-79.999384,37.995842],[-80.04841,37.957481],[-80.074514,37.942221],[-80.096563,37.918112],[-80.102931,37.918911],[-80.118967,37.903614],[-80.117747,37.89772],[-80.129555,37.894134],[-80.141947,37.882616],[-80.148951,37.886892],[-80.162202,37.875122],[-80.176712,37.854029],[-80.183062,37.850646],[-80.179391,37.839751],[-80.199633,37.827507],[-80.206482,37.81597],[-80.227092,37.798886],[-80.227965,37.791714],[-80.215892,37.781989],[-80.215658,37.777481],[-80.230458,37.778305],[-80.246902,37.768309],[-80.251319,37.762958],[-80.24979,37.757111],[-80.25641,37.756372],[-80.262765,37.738336],[-80.252227,37.727261],[-80.296138,37.691783],[-80.279372,37.657077],[-80.267455,37.646108],[-80.239288,37.637672],[-80.220984,37.627767],[-80.240272,37.606961],[-80.258919,37.595499],[-80.328504,37.564315],[-80.312393,37.546239],[-80.330306,37.536244],[-80.309346,37.527381],[-80.291644,37.536505],[-80.282385,37.533517],[-80.299789,37.508271],[-80.327103,37.495376],[-80.366838,37.484879],[-80.36317,37.480001],[-80.371952,37.474069],[-80.425656,37.449876],[-80.46482,37.426144],[-80.475601,37.422949],[-80.494867,37.43507],[-80.49728,37.444779],[-80.492981,37.457749],[-80.511391,37.481672],[-80.561442,37.469775],[-80.645893,37.422147],[-80.705203,37.394618],[-80.770082,37.372363],[-80.783324,37.392793],[-80.806129,37.398074],[-80.808769,37.406271],[-80.836446,37.424355],[-80.844213,37.423555],[-80.859556,37.429568],[-80.865148,37.419927],[-80.862761,37.411829],[-80.883248,37.383933],[-80.849451,37.346909],[-80.868986,37.338573],[-80.900535,37.315],[-80.947896,37.295872],[-80.966556,37.292158],[-80.980146,37.292743],[-80.982173,37.296023],[-80.979106,37.300581],[-80.996013,37.299545],[-81.112596,37.278497],[-81.167029,37.262881],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-81.320105,37.299323],[-81.362156,37.337687],[-81.366315,37.335927],[-81.374455,37.318614],[-81.386727,37.320474],[-81.394287,37.316411],[-81.398548,37.310635],[-81.396817,37.304498],[-81.40506,37.298794],[-81.416663,37.273214],[-81.448285,37.270575],[-81.480144,37.251121],[-81.492287,37.25096],[-81.497773,37.25719],[-81.50319,37.252579],[-81.507325,37.2338],[-81.544437,37.220761],[-81.5536,37.208443],[-81.67821,37.201483],[-81.686717,37.213105],[-81.695113,37.21357],[-81.71573,37.228771],[-81.716248,37.234321],[-81.723061,37.240493],[-81.738543,37.238264],[-81.744003,37.242528],[-81.740974,37.254052],[-81.747656,37.264329],[-81.757531,37.27001],[-81.757631,37.274003],[-81.774684,37.274807],[-81.789294,37.284416],[-81.793425,37.281674],[-81.793595,37.284838],[-81.803275,37.285916],[-81.819625,37.279411],[-81.83447,37.281763],[-81.833406,37.284535],[-81.838762,37.286343],[-81.849949,37.285227],[-81.853551,37.287701],[-81.85446,37.30657],[-81.859624,37.304765],[-81.86476,37.308404],[-81.859928,37.313965],[-81.878713,37.331753],[-81.892876,37.330134],[-81.899459,37.340277],[-81.916678,37.349346],[-81.928497,37.360645],[-81.926697,37.364618],[-81.936744,37.38073],[-81.928778,37.393845],[-81.930042,37.405291],[-81.923481,37.411379],[-81.93695,37.41992],[-81.940553,37.429058],[-81.935316,37.43639],[-81.938843,37.440463],[-81.945765,37.440214],[-81.949367,37.445687],[-81.965582,37.446918],[-81.976176,37.457186],[-81.984891,37.454315],[-81.99227,37.460916],[-81.996578,37.476705],[-81.989849,37.484879],[-81.977593,37.484603],[-81.964986,37.493488],[-81.953264,37.491763],[-81.951831,37.50205],[-81.945957,37.501901],[-81.941151,37.509483],[-81.92787,37.512118],[-81.926391,37.514207],[-81.933088,37.518968],[-81.936996,37.51423],[-81.944756,37.513657],[-81.947545,37.52753],[-81.943981,37.5303],[-81.95663,37.52849],[-81.959362,37.53522],[-81.967583,37.532815],[-81.965401,37.541171],[-81.970147,37.546504],[-81.987511,37.542835],[-81.992597,37.538323],[-81.999844,37.542579],[-82.007412,37.533677],[-82.013966,37.533564],[-82.018878,37.540572],[-82.028826,37.537667],[-82.042825,37.548361],[-82.042396,37.53577],[-82.046653,37.528193],[-82.048463,37.533962],[-82.064418,37.53687],[-82.064418,37.544516],[-82.073246,37.555023],[-82.102893,37.553046],[-82.101946,37.558106],[-82.116584,37.559588],[-82.121985,37.552763],[-82.131776,37.552423],[-82.133495,37.560711],[-82.144648,37.568315],[-82.127303,37.572681],[-82.124372,37.57641],[-82.127321,37.586667],[-82.131977,37.593537],[-82.156718,37.59279],[-82.156741,37.609202],[-82.168137,37.608495],[-82.1692,37.613028],[-82.164767,37.618292],[-82.167126,37.621818],[-82.176682,37.618202],[-82.18143,37.621842],[-82.181398,37.626798],[-82.172762,37.634008],[-82.177511,37.640417],[-82.174688,37.646529],[-82.177625,37.648956],[-82.185456,37.648933],[-82.191444,37.644378],[-82.187298,37.626935],[-82.21349,37.625408],[-82.2202,37.633912],[-82.21669,37.639956],[-82.223602,37.644554],[-82.225535,37.651947],[-82.23939,37.661465],[-82.257111,37.656749],[-82.272021,37.663782],[-82.282297,37.675826],[-82.288174,37.668227],[-82.294393,37.670448],[-82.294392,37.677957],[-82.304501,37.677157],[-82.297126,37.684228],[-82.302886,37.693683],[-82.296634,37.702403],[-82.310665,37.7133],[-82.318302,37.733053],[-82.333044,37.740969],[-82.311642,37.764294],[-82.331162,37.763125],[-82.333816,37.765391],[-82.323696,37.775028],[-82.335981,37.7745],[-82.339705,37.785509],[-82.377393,37.803009],[-82.385259,37.81741],[-82.396978,37.809014],[-82.401652,37.810091],[-82.39968,37.829935],[-82.407874,37.835499],[-82.412172,37.844793],[-82.420484,37.846809],[-82.41546,37.854132],[-82.424264,37.861709],[-82.407459,37.867475],[-82.417679,37.870658],[-82.421484,37.885652],[-82.432113,37.88991],[-82.438582,37.900256],[-82.464297,37.915038],[-82.468197,37.913847],[-82.471223,37.899358],[-82.474574,37.900295],[-82.474666,37.910388],[-82.487556,37.916975],[-82.481001,37.924303],[-82.49574,37.927043],[-82.501862,37.9332],[-82.500386,37.936518],[-82.48916,37.937963],[-82.4973,37.945491],[-82.48512,37.946044],[-82.471801,37.959119],[-82.484265,37.963646],[-82.484413,37.969895],[-82.46938,37.973059],[-82.464257,37.983412],[-82.471629,37.986826],[-82.482695,37.984014],[-82.487732,37.99833],[-82.515974,37.999929],[-82.525817,38.026406],[-82.538639,38.037381],[-82.537293,38.045204],[-82.543916,38.052133],[-82.551259,38.070799],[-82.559598,38.072837],[-82.565736,38.08064],[-82.574075,38.082104],[-82.584039,38.090663],[-82.587782,38.108879],[-82.606589,38.120843],[-82.619452,38.120745],[-82.621167,38.131996],[-82.636466,38.13786],[-82.638947,38.156742],[-82.644739,38.165487],[-82.642997,38.16956],[-82.611343,38.171548],[-82.599326,38.197231],[-82.598437,38.217393],[-82.608944,38.22366],[-82.61252,38.234553],[-82.607131,38.245975],[-82.586061,38.245616],[-82.574656,38.263873],[-82.5746,38.274721],[-82.582823,38.295478],[-82.572893,38.311981],[-82.572691,38.318801],[-82.576936,38.328275],[-82.597979,38.344909],[-82.597524,38.364843],[-82.593008,38.375082],[-82.599273,38.388738],[-82.595001,38.40133],[-82.596281,38.417681],[-82.593673,38.421809],[-82.577176,38.40877],[-82.540199,38.403666],[-82.404882,38.439347],[-82.381773,38.434783],[-82.330335,38.4445],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.304223,38.496308],[-82.303971,38.517683],[-82.295671,38.538483],[-82.291271,38.578983],[-82.27427,38.593683],[-82.26207,38.598183],[-82.205171,38.591719],[-82.188767,38.594984],[-82.177267,38.603784],[-82.172066,38.619284],[-82.172667,38.629684],[-82.190867,38.680383],[-82.182467,38.708782],[-82.188268,38.734082],[-82.198882,38.757725],[-82.220449,38.773739],[-82.221566,38.787187],[-82.20929,38.802672],[-82.191172,38.815137],[-82.16157,38.824632],[-82.144867,38.84048],[-82.139224,38.86502],[-82.145267,38.883479],[-82.143167,38.898079],[-82.128866,38.909979],[-82.111666,38.932579],[-82.109065,38.945579],[-82.091565,38.973778],[-82.051563,38.994378],[-82.035963,39.025478],[-82.017562,39.030078],[-82.002261,39.027878],[-81.987061,39.011978],[-81.979371,38.993193],[-81.951447,38.996032],[-81.933186,38.987659],[-81.89847,38.929603],[-81.926671,38.901311],[-81.928352,38.895371],[-81.910312,38.879294],[-81.898541,38.874582],[-81.889233,38.874279],[-81.855971,38.892734],[-81.845312,38.910088],[-81.844486,38.928746],[-81.827354,38.945898],[-81.814235,38.946168],[-81.785647,38.926193],[-81.762659,38.924121],[-81.756975,38.937152],[-81.778845,38.955892],[-81.78182,38.964935],[-81.774062,38.993682],[-81.765153,39.002579],[-81.764253,39.015279],[-81.772854,39.026179],[-81.803355,39.047678],[-81.811655,39.059578],[-81.813855,39.079278],[-81.803055,39.083878],[-81.775554,39.078378],[-81.760753,39.084078],[-81.747253,39.095378],[-81.742953,39.106578],[-81.743565,39.141933],[-81.755815,39.180524],[-81.737085,39.193836],[-81.726973,39.215068],[-81.700908,39.220844],[-81.692395,39.226443],[-81.69638,39.257035],[-81.683627,39.270939],[-81.670187,39.275963],[-81.643178,39.277195],[-81.621305,39.273643],[-81.603352,39.275531],[-81.585559,39.268747],[-81.570247,39.267675],[-81.565247,39.276175],[-81.557547,39.338774],[-81.542346,39.352874],[-81.503189,39.373242],[-81.473188,39.40017],[-81.456143,39.409274],[-81.435642,39.408474],[-81.412706,39.394618],[-81.406689,39.38809],[-81.393794,39.351706],[-81.384556,39.343449],[-81.375961,39.341697],[-81.347567,39.34577],[-81.270716,39.385914],[-81.24184,39.390276],[-81.217315,39.38759],[-81.211654,39.392977],[-81.208231,39.407147],[-81.185946,39.430731],[-81.170634,39.439175],[-81.138134,39.443775],[-81.128533,39.449375],[-81.100833,39.487175],[-81.070594,39.515991],[-80.970436,39.590127],[-80.925841,39.617396],[-80.892208,39.616756],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-80.866647,39.652616],[-80.863698,39.691724],[-80.833882,39.703497],[-80.829764,39.711839],[-80.831551,39.719475],[-80.846091,39.737812],[-80.865339,39.753251],[-80.869092,39.766364],[-80.863048,39.775197],[-80.826079,39.798584],[-80.822181,39.811708],[-80.826124,39.844238],[-80.790761,39.86728],[-80.793989,39.882787],[-80.809011,39.903226],[-80.806018,39.91713],[-80.795714,39.91969],[-80.762592,39.908906],[-80.756432,39.91393],[-80.764479,39.95025],[-80.758527,39.959241],[-80.740126,39.970793],[-80.742045,40.005641],[-80.730904,40.046672],[-80.738604,40.075672],[-80.730704,40.086472],[-80.710203,40.099572],[-80.706702,40.110872],[-80.710042,40.138311],[-80.704602,40.154823],[-80.686137,40.181607],[-80.6681,40.199671],[-80.661543,40.229798],[-80.652098,40.24497],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.614896,40.291969],[-80.602895,40.307069],[-80.599895,40.317669],[-80.612796,40.347668],[-80.607595,40.369568],[-80.609695,40.374968],[-80.63074,40.3849],[-80.633596,40.390467],[-80.612195,40.402667],[-80.612295,40.434867],[-80.596094,40.463366],[-80.595494,40.475266],[-80.618003,40.502049],[-80.627507,40.535793],[-80.666917,40.573664],[-80.667781,40.578096],[-80.662564,40.5916],[-80.651716,40.597744],[-80.634355,40.616095],[-80.598764,40.625263],[-80.576736,40.614224],[-80.551126,40.628847],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.075947,39.72135]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"West Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7535e4b0b2908510a184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathes, M.V.","contributorId":44916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"M.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, David P.","contributorId":85590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006451,"text":"70006451 - 1998 - The reproductive success of lake herring in habitats near shipping channels and ice-breaking operations in the St. Marys River, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T14:12:53","indexId":"70006451","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:09:42","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The reproductive success of lake herring in habitats near shipping channels and ice-breaking operations in the St. Marys River, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"<p>A study of the reproductive success of lake herring (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) in the St. Marys River was conducted in the winters and springs of 1994, 1995, and 1996. The St. Marys River connects Lake Superior to the lower Great Lakes making it an important route for ship traffic. Recent pressure by commercial carriers to extend the shipping season by breaking ice earlier in spring, has raised concerns over the possible adverse effects on lake herring reproduction in the river caused by increased turbidity associated with vessel passage. Lake herring spawn in fall and their eggs overwinter under ice cover on the bottom of the St. Marys River. Hatching occurs in the spring after ice-out when water temperatures rise. Specialized incubators were used to hold fertilized lake herring eggs at four experimental sites, chosen to represent the range of various bottom substrate types of the St. Marys River from boulder rock reefs to soft sediments. In winter, incubators were placed under the ice on the bottom of the river at three sites each year. After ice-out, sites were relocated, and the incubators were retrieved and opened to determine the number of live and dead lake herring eggs and larvae. Survival was consistent from year to year at each site with the lowest survival percentage found at the site with the softest sediments, directly adjacent to the St. Marys River channel and downstream of the mouth of the Charlotte River. River bottom type and geographic location were the most important factors in determining egg survival. Sampling for indigenous larval lake herring was done throughout the spring hatching season in the areas adjacent to the incubator sites using nets and a diver-operated suction sampler. Result indicate that a small population (3) of larval lake herring was present throughout the sampling areas during the springs of 1994, 1995, and 1996 in the St. Marys River.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and management of Coregonid fishes -- 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","usgsCitation":"Blouin, M.A., Kostich, M., Todd, T.N., and Savino, J., 1998, The reproductive success of lake herring in habitats near shipping channels and ice-breaking operations in the St. Marys River, Michigan, USA, chap. <i>of</i> Biology and management of Coregonid fishes -- 1996, p. 15-24.","productDescription":"p. 15-24","startPage":"15","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"St. Marys River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.522785,46.456766 ], [ -84.522785,46.516082 ], [ -84.278225,46.516082 ], [ -84.278225,46.456766 ], [ -84.522785,46.456766 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286fce4b07b8813a5550e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blouin, Marc A. mblouin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blouin","given":"Marc","email":"mblouin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kostich, M.M.","contributorId":44837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostich","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, T. N.","contributorId":13931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savino, J.F.","contributorId":69337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074760,"text":"70074760 - 1998 - The collection of clear-water contraction and abutment scour data at selected bridge sites in the coastal plain and piedmont of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T13:53:04","indexId":"70074760","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:06:57","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The collection of clear-water contraction and abutment scour data at selected bridge sites in the coastal plain and piedmont of South Carolina","docAbstract":"Clear-water contraction and abutment scour data were collected at 128 bridge sites in South Carolina. In the sandy soils of the Coastal Plain, clear-water-scour data were collected at 63 sites (scour depths ranged from 0.4 to 7.2 meters.) In the clayey soils of the Piedmont, clear-water-scour data were collected at 47 sites (scour depths ranged from 0 to 1.4 meters.) In the sandy, clayey soils of the Piedmont, clear-water-scour data were collected at 18 sites (scour depths ranged from 0.9 to 5.5 meters.) The field data are to be compiled into a data base that will include bridge age; basin, soil and hydraulic characteristics; and theoretical scour data. The data are planned to be statistically analyzed for significant relations that may help explain and (or) predict maximum scour depths at bridges in South Carolina.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., and Caldwell, A.W., 1998, The collection of clear-water contraction and abutment scour data at selected bridge sites in the coastal plain and piedmont of South Carolina, <i>in</i> Water Resources Engineering, p. 216-221.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.3533,32.0346 ], [ -83.3533,35.2155 ], [ -78.5408,35.2155 ], [ -78.5408,32.0346 ], [ -83.3533,32.0346 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7781e4b0b2908510b941","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Abt, S. R.","contributorId":112875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abt","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509790,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andy W.","contributorId":29300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198953,"text":"70198953 - 1998 - Biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur: Natural distributions and response to disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-27T14:02:47","indexId":"70198953","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T13:59:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur: Natural distributions and response to disturbance","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The ecology and management of rivers and streams in the Pacific Northwest Ecoregion","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"McClain, M., Bilby, R.E., and Triska, F., 1998, Biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur: Natural distributions and response to disturbance, chap. 14 <i>of</i> The ecology and management of rivers and streams in the Pacific Northwest Ecoregion, p. 347-372.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98deb1e4b0702d0e848704","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Naiman, R.","contributorId":59741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naiman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McClain, M.E.","contributorId":80638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilby, Richard E.","contributorId":145928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilby","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70204710,"text":"70204710 - 1998 - Effects of flooding regime, mycorrhizal inoculation and seedling treatment type on first-year survival of Nuttal Oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T21:19:24.815853","indexId":"70204710","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T13:50:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Effects of flooding regime, mycorrhizal inoculation and seedling treatment type on first-year survival of Nuttal Oak (<i>Quercus nuttallii</i> Palmer)","title":"Effects of flooding regime, mycorrhizal inoculation and seedling treatment type on first-year survival of Nuttal Oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer)","docAbstract":"<p>Three different types of Nuttall oak (<i>Quercus nuttallii</i> Palmer) seedlings were planted on floodprone, former&nbsp;cropland in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. The three types of 1+0 seedlings planted at each site in January and&nbsp;February of 1995 were bareroot seedlings, seedlings grown in 164 square centimeters plastic containers, and container grown seedlings inoculated with vegetative mycelia of <i>Pisolithus tinctorious</i> (Pers.) Coker and Couch. Seedlings at the&nbsp;Mississippi site were planted in a split-plot design at three different elevations, which provided three different natural flooding&nbsp;treatments. Seedlings at the other two sites were planted in a Latin square design at a single elevation. Significant&nbsp;differences in the survival and condition of the seedlings during the first growing season were observed at the Louisiana&nbsp;site, favoring the inoculated container-grown seedlings over the other two stock types. First-year seedling survival at the site&nbsp;in Texas, which had the best drainage of the three sites, was not significantly different between treatments. Small mammals&nbsp;clipped 98 percent of the container-grown seedlings at the Mississippi site.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Ninth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference","conferenceDate":"Feb 25-27 1997","conferenceLocation":"Clemson, SC","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V., and Williams, H., 1998, Effects of flooding regime, mycorrhizal inoculation and seedling treatment type on first-year survival of Nuttal Oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer), <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Clemson, SC, Feb 25-27 1997, p. 289-294.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs020/CH09.PDF"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Hans","contributorId":218054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198952,"text":"70198952 - 1998 - Sources and age of aquatic humus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-27T13:50:10","indexId":"70198952","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T13:47:22","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sources and age of aquatic humus","docAbstract":"<p><span>As aquatic scientists have recognized the diversity of processes controlled by or dependent upon aquatic humus, it has become important to learn more about the genesis, chemical properties, and concentration of humic substances in aquatic ecosystems. There are three classes of aquatic humus (fulvic acids, humic acids, and humin), all of which share the characteristics of being heterogeneous biomolecules which are yellow to brown or black in color, high to moderate molecular weight, and biologically recalcitrant. Fulvic acids are organic acids which are soluble at any pH; humic acids are soluble above pH 2; and humin is insoluble under the full range of pH. Aquatic humus occurs in both dissolved and solid phases, with molecular weights ranging from about 500 D for dissolved fulvic acid to greater than 100,000 D for humic acids in sediments. Although the heterogeneity of these humic fractions makes rigorous chemical studies challenging, there are sufficient analytical methods at hand to make progress toward understanding the sources, formation pathways, and fate of aquatic humus.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic humic substances: Ecology and biogeochemsitry","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-03736-2_2","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., and Aiken, G.R., 1998, Sources and age of aquatic humus, chap. <i>of</i> Aquatic humic substances: Ecology and biogeochemsitry, p. 9-39, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03736-2_2.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98deb1e4b0702d0e848706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006515,"text":"70006515 - 1998 - Buoyancy characteristics of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in relation to patterns of vertical migration and acoustic backscattering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T13:45:36","indexId":"70006515","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T13:42:32","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Buoyancy characteristics of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in relation to patterns of vertical migration and acoustic backscattering","docAbstract":"<p>Acoustic studies in Lake Michigan found that bloaters (<i>Coregonus hoyi</i>) were less reflective per size than the other major pelagic species. This difference in in situ acoustic backscattering could indicate that the deep-water bloaters have compressed swimbladders for much of their vertical range with related implications on buoyancy. To test this hypothesis, the buoyancy characteristics of bloaters were determined with fish placed in a cage that was lowered to bottom and monitored with an underwater camera. We found bloaters were positively buoyant near surface, neutrally buoyant at intermediate strata, and negatively buoyant near bottom. This pattern was consistent for the range of depths bloaters occur. The depth of neutral buoyancy (near the 50-n strata) corresponds with the maximum extent of vertical migration for bloaters observed in acoustic surveys. Fish below this depth would be negatively buoyant which supports our contention that bloaters deeper in the water column have compressed swimbladders. Understanding the buoyancy characteristics of pelagic fishes will help to predict the effects of vertical migration on target strength measurement and confirms the use of acoustics as a tool to identify and quantify the ecological phenomenon of vertical migration.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and management of Coregonid fishes -- 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, G.W., and TeWinkel, L.M., 1998, Buoyancy characteristics of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in relation to patterns of vertical migration and acoustic backscattering, chap. <i>of</i> Biology and management of Coregonid fishes -- 1996, p. 219-225.","productDescription":"p. 219-225","startPage":"219","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.04,41.61 ], [ -88.04,46.1 ], [ -84.74,46.1 ], [ -84.74,41.61 ], [ -88.04,41.61 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae764ce4b0abf75cf2bf0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"TeWinkel, Leslie M.","contributorId":40168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TeWinkel","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074083,"text":"70074083 - 1998 - The compilation and application of aeromagnetic data for hydrocarbon exploration in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T12:58:07","indexId":"70074083","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T12:44:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The compilation and application of aeromagnetic data for hydrocarbon exploration in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: case histories","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists; Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","isbn":"156080078X","usgsCitation":"Meyer, J., Racic, L., and Saltus, R.W., 1998, The compilation and application of aeromagnetic data for hydrocarbon exploration in interior Alaska, chap. <i>of</i> Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: case histories, p. 37-39.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -167.68,57.59 ], [ -167.68,71.39 ], [ -140.89,71.39 ], [ -140.89,57.59 ], [ -167.68,57.59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7783e4b0b2908510b959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":20835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Racic, L.J.","contributorId":11943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Racic","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70204128,"text":"70204128 - 1998 - Characterization of an old-growth bottomland hardwood wetland forest in Northeast Texas: Harrison Bayou","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T21:33:03.109729","indexId":"70204128","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T11:58:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Characterization of an old-growth bottomland hardwood wetland forest in Northeast Texas: Harrison Bayou","docAbstract":"<p>Most wetland losses in the southern region over the past 200 years have occurred in&nbsp;bottomland hardwood forests. By 1980 the original extent of palustrine bottomland in Texas had&nbsp;been reduced by 63%, from roughly 16 to 6 million acres. Additional losses have occurred during&nbsp;more recent years as a result of conversion to agriculture and timber harvests; these factors and the&nbsp;need to supply new hardwood chip mills in the region pose a potential threat to the remaining&nbsp;hardwood resource. The Harrison Bayou watershed in northeast Texas contains one of the few&nbsp;relatively undisturbed bottomland hardwood wetland forests in the State. Harrison Bayou is part of&nbsp;the Caddo Lake wetlands complex, most of which was designated a Wetland of International&nbsp;Importance under the Ramsar Treaty in October of 1993. Caddo Lake State Park is one of fifteen&nbsp;\"Ramsar\" wetlands in the United States; it is the only wetland with this designation in the State of&nbsp;Texas. Harrison Bayou is an important component of the Caddo Lake watershed; it represents a&nbsp;model bottomland hardwood wetland in both structure and ecological function. Three major forest&nbsp;cover types illustrate the diversity of the 600-hectare bottomland hardwood/baldcypress forest at&nbsp;Harrison Bayou. Comparison of wetland forest extent and species composition in 1977 with 1993&nbsp;revealed very little change in wetland forest community structure.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilderness and natural areas in Eastern North America : Research, management and planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Center for Applied Studies in Forestry","usgsCitation":"Walker, L.C., Brantley, T., and Burkett, V., 1998, Characterization of an old-growth bottomland hardwood wetland forest in Northeast Texas: Harrison Bayou, chap. <i>of</i> Wilderness and natural areas in Eastern North America : Research, management and planning, p. 98-108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"108","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Harrison Bayou","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.10682678222656,\n              32.687353574937944\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.17463302612305,\n              32.523657815699146\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.18338775634764,\n              32.50802457488995\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.13360595703125,\n              32.49846958927782\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0821075439453,\n              32.59455223925157\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0810775756836,\n              32.626364162516225\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.07730102539062,\n              32.66365647172217\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.10682678222656,\n              32.687353574937944\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Laurence C.","contributorId":216818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Laurence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, Thomas","contributorId":216820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70094646,"text":"70094646 - 1998 - Mineral exploration of Bi'r Warshah, Urghub Warshah, and Jabal Hathah West gold prospects, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T14:45:38","indexId":"70094646","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T11:54:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Mineral exploration of Bi'r Warshah, Urghub Warshah, and Jabal Hathah West gold prospects, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudia Arabia","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J., Basahel, M., Zamzami, A., Eissa, A.A., and Shanti, M.A., 1998, Mineral exploration of Bi'r Warshah, Urghub Warshah, and Jabal Hathah West gold prospects, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              39.19921875,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              43.06640625,\n              30.86451022625836\n            ],\n            [\n              43.1103515625,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              44.9560546875,\n              29.22889003019423\n            ],\n            [\n              46.58203125,\n              29.267232865200878\n            ],\n            [\n              47.50488281249999,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ],\n            [\n              47.724609375,\n              28.690587654250685\n            ],\n            [\n              48.427734375,\n              28.65203063036226\n            ],\n            [\n              48.8671875,\n              27.955591004642553\n            ],\n            [\n              49.2626953125,\n              27.566721430409707\n            ],\n            [\n              49.92187499999999,\n              27.0982539061379\n            ],\n            [\n              50.40527343749999,\n              26.509904531413927\n            ],\n            [\n              50.33935546875,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ],\n            [\n              50.6689453125,\n              25.34402602913433\n            ],\n            [\n              50.73486328125,\n              24.90636723790802\n            ],\n            [\n              50.88867187499999,\n              24.607069137709708\n            ],\n            [\n              51.141357421875,\n              24.47715001114869\n            ],\n            [\n              51.4599609375,\n              24.637031353509528\n            ],\n            [\n              51.6357421875,\n              24.37712083961039\n            ],\n            [\n              51.580810546875,\n              24.1367281697474\n            ],\n            [\n              52.64648437499999,\n              22.998851594142923\n            ],\n            [\n              55.12939453124999,\n              22.715390019335942\n            ],\n            [\n              55.83251953125,\n              21.963424936844223\n            ],\n            [\n              54.99755859375,\n              19.932041306115536\n            ],\n            [\n              51.9873046875,\n              18.979025953255267\n            ],\n            [\n              50.9326171875,\n              18.70869162255995\n            ],\n            [\n              49.24072265625,\n              18.562947442888312\n            ],\n            [\n              48.2958984375,\n              18.124970639386515\n            ],\n            [\n              47.65869140625,\n              17.371610024104744\n            ],\n            [\n              47.39501953125,\n              16.93070509876554\n            ],\n            [\n              46.99951171875,\n              16.846605106396304\n            ],\n            [\n              46.669921875,\n              17.16178591271515\n            ],\n            [\n              45.24169921875,\n              17.24574420800713\n            ],\n            [\n              44.80224609375,\n              17.329664329425057\n            ],\n            [\n              43.96728515625,\n              17.24574420800713\n            ],\n            [\n              43.41796875,\n              17.43451055152291\n            ],\n            [\n              43.35205078125,\n              17.308687886770034\n            ],\n            [\n              43.35205078125,\n              16.63619187839765\n            ],\n            [\n              42.78076171875,\n              16.25686733062344\n            ],\n            [\n              42.60498046874999,\n              16.425547506916736\n            ],\n            [\n              42.275390625,\n              16.277960306212524\n            ],\n            [\n              41.4404296875,\n              17.11979250078707\n            ],\n            [\n              41.28662109375,\n              18.104087015773946\n            ],\n            [\n              40.60546875,\n              19.642587534013046\n            ],\n            [\n              39.8583984375,\n              20.097206227083888\n            ],\n            [\n              38.91357421874999,\n              21.4121622297254\n            ],\n            [\n              38.78173828125,\n              22.26876403907398\n            ],\n            [\n              38.4521484375,\n              23.523700058824144\n            ],\n            [\n              37.5732421875,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              36.93603515625,\n              24.627044746156027\n            ],\n            [\n              36.8701171875,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ],\n            [\n              36.2109375,\n              25.661333498952683\n            ],\n            [\n              36.05712890625,\n              26.352497858154\n            ],\n            [\n              35.6396484375,\n              27.078691552927534\n            ],\n            [\n              35.15625,\n              27.702983735525834\n            ],\n            [\n              34.78271484375,\n              27.89734922968426\n            ],\n            [\n              34.453125,\n              27.858503954841247\n            ],\n            [\n              34.51904296875,\n              28.51696944040106\n            ],\n            [\n              34.87060546875,\n              29.34387539941801\n            ],\n            [\n              36.05712890625,\n              29.209713225868185\n            ],\n            [\n              36.5625,\n              29.439597566602902\n            ],\n            [\n              36.67236328125,\n              29.935895213372444\n            ],\n            [\n              37.46337890624999,\n              29.973970240516614\n            ],\n            [\n              37.6171875,\n              30.391830328088137\n            ],\n            [\n              38.056640625,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              37.001953125,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              38.91357421874999,\n              31.989441837922904\n            ],\n            [\n              39.19921875,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6730e4b0b29085101373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, James E.","contributorId":15595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Basahel, Mabrouk","contributorId":79014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basahel","given":"Mabrouk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zamzami, Ahmed","contributorId":41326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamzami","given":"Ahmed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eissa, Abdulla Al","contributorId":48474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eissa","given":"Abdulla","email":"","middleInitial":"Al","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shanti, Mahmoud Al","contributorId":28161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanti","given":"Mahmoud","email":"","middleInitial":"Al","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006835,"text":"70006835 - 1998 - Biology and management of Canada geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:24:35","indexId":"70006835","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T11:27:30","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesTitle":{"id":431,"text":"International Canada Goose Symposium.","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":12}},"title":"Biology and management of Canada geese","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","conferenceTitle":"Biology and Management of Canada Geese. International Canada Goose Symposium","conferenceLocation":"Milwaukee, WI","language":"English","publisher":"International Canada Goose Symposium","publisherLocation":"Milwaukee, WI","usgsCitation":"Rusch, D., Samuel, M., Humburg, D., and Sullivan, B., 1998, Biology and management of Canada geese: International Canada Goose Symposium., 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae764ae4b0abf75cf2beff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rusch, D. H.","contributorId":19897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusch","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Humburg, D.D.","contributorId":87101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humburg","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, B.D.","contributorId":41300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70248327,"text":"70248327 - 1998 - A report of field surveys for the Transantarctic Mountains Aerogeophysical Research Activities (TAMARA) Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-07T16:28:00.018768","indexId":"70248327","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T11:19:18","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":812,"text":"Antarctic Journal of the United States","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A report of field surveys for the Transantarctic Mountains Aerogeophysical Research Activities (TAMARA) Program","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., Damaske, D., and Wilson, T., 1998, A report of field surveys for the Transantarctic Mountains Aerogeophysical Research Activities (TAMARA) Program: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 33, p. 348-350.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"350","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":420630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/antarct/ajus/ajus_2004/nsfv33i.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Transantarctic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -223.937297932008,\n              -84.87642218900103\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.39578734156485,\n              -84.87642218900103\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.39578734156485,\n              -59.92203164562116\n            ],\n            [\n              -223.937297932008,\n              -59.92203164562116\n            ],\n            [\n              -223.937297932008,\n              -84.87642218900103\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Damaske, Detlef","contributorId":77384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"Detlef","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Terry","contributorId":33618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70220357,"text":"70220357 - 1998 - Radiogenic isotopes and the Eastern Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T15:19:26.563242","indexId":"70220357","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T11:19:16","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Radiogenic isotopes and the Eastern Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radiogenic isotope geology relies on a small group of naturally occurring but unstable elements that naturally produce energy and disintegrate or decay to more stable atoms of different elements. Because this phenomenon occurs at a known rate, is unaffected by most physical and chemical processes, and takes place over periods of time comparable to the age of the Earth, these elements can be used in radiometric dating or geochronology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220357","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., 1998, Radiogenic isotopes and the Eastern Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220357.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385487,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/ayuso2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70220356,"text":"70220356 - 1998 - Carolina slate belt gold deposits in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T15:16:23.585749","indexId":"70220356","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T11:16:09","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Carolina slate belt gold deposits in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Southeastern United States, in particular, the Carolina slate belt of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, has been an important region of mineral production (fig. 1). This region is thought to have major potential for containing large undiscovered deposits of gold and silver, as well as copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, and tin. Gold production from the major mines (Haile, Brewer, Ridgeway, and Barite Hill) in South Carolina ranked sixth in the Nation in 1992. Despite the closing of all but one mine in 1997, the region continues to attract intense scrutiny by the mining industry.</span></p><p><span>Current U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) efforts in the slate belt are led by a multidisciplinary team focused on an integrated, multistate, and multiyear project that has the potential to result in a fundamental reinterpretation of the economic geology of the region. The slate belt is considered a scientific frontier because of the rapid pace of data acquisition by the USGS, academia, and private sector geologists and because emerging concepts of its geologic evolution are controversial. Establishing the origin of the gold deposits is important, not only in guiding exploration, but for more accurate assessment of the potential for the occurrence of new deposits throughout the southern Appalachians. These efforts may result in further industry exploration that may lead to discovery of new economically viable mineral deposits, which would have a broad economic impact on the region. Another goal is to find ways to prevent human activities related to gold extraction from remobilizing toxic metals found in these deposits, which could have potential harmful effects on the environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220356","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., 1998, Carolina slate belt gold deposits in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220356.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/ayuso1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Carolina slate belt","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.671875,\n              32.31499127724556\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.464599609375,\n              32.31499127724556\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.464599609375,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.671875,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.671875,\n              32.31499127724556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70073665,"text":"70073665 - 1998 - Phreatophyte influence on reductive dechlorination in a shallow aquifer containing TCE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T11:20:14","indexId":"70073665","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T11:10:48","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Phreatophyte influence on reductive dechlorination in a shallow aquifer containing TCE","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bioremediation and phytoremediation: chlorinated and recalcitrant compounds: the First International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California, May 18-21, 1998","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Press","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., Jones, S.A., Kuniansky, E.L., Harvey, G.J., and Eberts, S., 1998, Phreatophyte influence on reductive dechlorination in a shallow aquifer containing TCE, <i>in</i> Bioremediation and phytoremediation: chlorinated and recalcitrant compounds: the First International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California, May 18-21, 1998, p. 263-268.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Tarrant County","city":"Fort Worth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.592388,32.551584 ], [ -97.592388,33.049529 ], [ -97.033715,33.049529 ], [ -97.033715,32.551584 ], [ -97.592388,32.551584 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b63e4b0b29085103e3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wickramanayake, Godage B.","contributorId":113761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickramanayake","given":"Godage","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509746,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinchee, Robert E.","contributorId":113906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinchee","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509747,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Gregory J.","contributorId":48640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70244317,"text":"70244317 - 1998 - Tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology of the Septentrional fault system, Dominican Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-13T15:48:50.634718","indexId":"70244317","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T10:42:37","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology of the Septentrional fault system, Dominican Republic","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Active Strike-Slip and Collisional Tectonics of the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2326-4.63","usgsCitation":"Mann, P., Prentice, C.S., Burr, G., Pena, L.R., and Taylor, F.W., 1998, Tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology of the Septentrional fault system, Dominican Republic, chap. <i>of</i> Active Strike-Slip and Collisional Tectonics of the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone, p. 63-123, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2326-4.63.","productDescription":"61 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Dominican Republic","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":9,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dominican Republic\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-71.71236,19.71446],[-71.5873,19.88491],[-70.80671,19.88029],[-70.21436,19.62289],[-69.95082,19.648],[-69.76925,19.29327],[-69.22213,19.31321],[-69.25435,19.0152],[-68.80941,18.97907],[-68.31794,18.6122],[-68.68932,18.20514],[-69.16495,18.42265],[-69.62399,18.38071],[-69.95293,18.42831],[-70.13323,18.24592],[-70.51714,18.18429],[-70.6693,18.42689],[-70.99995,18.28333],[-71.40021,17.59856],[-71.65766,17.75757],[-71.7083,18.045],[-71.68774,18.31666],[-71.94511,18.6169],[-71.7013,18.78542],[-71.62487,19.16984],[-71.71236,19.71446],[-71.71236,19.71446]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mann, Paul","contributorId":57729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875354,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolan, James F.","contributorId":39506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875355,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Mann, Paul","contributorId":57729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burr, G.","contributorId":99720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burr","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pena, Luis R.","contributorId":72705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pena","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, F. W.","contributorId":57598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70198545,"text":"70198545 - 1998 - Use of 13C NMR and FTIR for elucidation of degradation pathways during natural litter decomposition and compositing. IV. Characterization of humic and fulvic acids extracted from senescent leaves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:14:17","indexId":"70198545","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T10:37:31","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of 13C NMR and FTIR for elucidation of degradation pathways during natural litter decomposition and compositing. IV. Characterization of humic and fulvic acids extracted from senescent leaves","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Humic substances structures, properties and uses","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., and Kennedy, K.R., 1998, Use of 13C NMR and FTIR for elucidation of degradation pathways during natural litter decomposition and compositing. IV. Characterization of humic and fulvic acids extracted from senescent leaves, chap. <i>of</i> Humic substances structures, properties and uses, p. 61-68.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98deb1e4b0702d0e848708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":741851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, K. R.","contributorId":66267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70244316,"text":"70244316 - 1998 - Regional characteristics, tilt domains, and extensional history of the later Cenozoic Basin and Range Province, western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-13T15:50:45.884967","indexId":"70244316","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T10:35:26","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Regional characteristics, tilt domains, and extensional history of the later Cenozoic Basin and Range Province, western North America","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Accommodation zones and transfer zones; the regional segmentation of the Basin and Range Province","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2323-X.47","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., 1998, Regional characteristics, tilt domains, and extensional history of the later Cenozoic Basin and Range Province, western North America, chap. <i>of</i> Accommodation zones and transfer zones; the regional segmentation of the Basin and Range Province, p. 47-74, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2323-X.47.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.700873925017,\n              22.738102171971093\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.38491624427063,\n              22.367615064367257\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.36305634450373,\n              23.39184405483212\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.12135887509187,\n              36.58882909005689\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.52253719827074,\n              42.164280197717346\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.83811784661567,\n              49.29905438546206\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.57716925958134,\n              50.68829919756544\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.39597774081996,\n              50.05150929636147\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77906489231233,\n              42.149587819276405\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63503428544932,\n              33.521242408438795\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06288187948856,\n              28.63859076023941\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.25317873481622,\n              24.72649341332007\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.700873925017,\n              22.738102171971093\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Faulds, James E.","contributorId":184258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulds","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875358,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875359,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}