ABSTRACT Bottom sediment in Hillsdale Lake, Kansas, was analyzed to estimate the annual load of total phosphorus deposited in the lake from nonpoint sources. Topographic, bathymetric, and sediment-core data were used to estimate the total mass of phosphorus in the lake-bottom sediment. Available streamflow and water-quality data were used to compute the mean annual mass of phosphorus (dissolved plus suspended) exiting the lake. The mean annual load of phosphorus added to the lake from point sources was estimated from previous studies. A simple mass balance then was used to compute the mean annual load of phosphorus from non-point sources. The total mass of phosphorus in the lake-bottom sediment was estimated to be 924,000 kg, with a mean annual load of 62,000 kg. The mean annual mass of phosphorus exiting in the lake outflow was estimated to be about 8,000 kg. The mean annual loads of phosphorus added to the lake from point and nonpoint sources were estimated to be 5,000 and 65,000 kg, respectively. Thus, the contribution to the total mean annual phosphorus load in Hillsdale Lake is about 7 percent from point sources and about 93 percent from nonpoint sources.
This study determined the relative sensitivity of five species of aquatic macrophytes and six species of algae to four commonly used herbicides (atrazine, metribuzin, alachlor, and metolachlor). Toxicity tests consisted of 96-h (duckweed and algae) or 14-d (submerged macrophytes) static exposures. The triazine herbicides (atrazine and metribuzin) were significantly more toxic to aquatic plants than were the acetanilide herbicides (alachlor and metolachlor). Toxicity studies ranked metribuzin > atrazine > alachlor > metolachlor in decreasing order of overall toxicity to aquatic plants. Relative sensitivities of macrophytes to these herbicides decreased in the order of Ceratophyllum > Najas > Elodea > Lemna > Myriophyllum. Relative sensitivities of algae to herbicides decreased in the order of Selenastrum > Chlorella > Chlamydomonas > Microcystis > Scenedesmus > Anabaena. Algae and macrophytes were of similar overall sensitivities to herbicides. Data indicated that Selenastrum, a commonly tested green alga, was generally more sensitive compared to other plant species. Lemna minor, a commonly tested floating vascular plant, was of intermediate sensitivity, and was fivefold less sensitive than Ceratophyllum, which was the most sensitive species tested. The results indicated that no species was consistently most sensitive, and that a suite of aquatic plant test species may be needed to perform accurate risk assessments of herbicides.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170924","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J.F., Ruessler, S., and Carlson, A.R., 1998, Comparative sensitivity of five species of macrophytes and six species of algae to atrazine, metribuzin, alachlor, and metolachlor: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1830-1834, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170924.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1830","endPage":"1834","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f825e4b0c8380cd4cee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, James F. jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruessler, Shane druessler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruessler","given":"Shane","email":"druessler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":389454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, A. Ron","contributorId":176703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021579,"text":"70021579 - 1998 - Occurrence and distribution of semivolatile organic compounds in stream bed sediments, United States, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T12:48:27","indexId":"70021579","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"1333","title":"Occurrence and distribution of semivolatile organic compounds in stream bed sediments, United States, 1992-95","docAbstract":"Bed-sediment samples from streams were collected from 443 sites in 19 major river basins during 1992-95 and analyzed for semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) to assess the occurrence and distribution of selected Hydrophobic contaminants. Forty SVOCs were detected in more than 5 percent of samples. Of these 40 SVOCs, 27 were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5 were azaarenes, 5 were phthalates, 2 were phenols, and 1 was a quinone. Statistically higher concentrations of the sum of PAHs, azaarenes, and phthalates were measured in samples from urban drainage basins in comparison to other land uses. The frequency of detection and concentrations of PAHs, azaarenes, and phthalates were highest in the northeastern part and lowest in the western part of the United States. Concentrations of the sum of PAHs and sum of phthalates had statistically significant, but weak, correlations with toxic releases to air, population density, and urban land use. Urban activities could be significant sources and the atmosphere could be a significant transport mechanism affecting the distribution of certain SVOCs.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Seventh Volume","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials","publisherLocation":"West Conshohocken, PA","doi":"10.1520/STP12158S","issn":"10403094","isbn":"978-0-8031-1485-2","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., Furlong, E.T., and Pritt, J.W., 1998, Occurrence and distribution of semivolatile organic compounds in stream bed sediments, United States, 1992-95, chap. of Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Seventh Volume, v. 7, p. 105-119, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP12158S.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b50e4b0c8380cd74618","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenberg, Bruce M.","contributorId":103577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508709,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J.","contributorId":53360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":390359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritt, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":12505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021410,"text":"70021410 - 1998 - The US federal framework for research on endocrine disrupters and an analysis of research programs supported during fiscal year 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T16:51:59.367416","indexId":"70021410","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The US federal framework for research on endocrine disrupters and an analysis of research programs supported during fiscal year 1996","docAbstract":"The potential health and ecological effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals has become a high visibility environmental issue. The 1990s have witnessed a growing concern, both on the part of the scientific community and the public, that environmental chemicals may be causing widespread effects in humans and in a variety of fish and wildlife species. This growing concern led the Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources (CENR) of the National Science and Technology Council to identify the endocrine disruptor issue as a major research initiative in early 1995 and subsequently establish an ad hoc Working Group on Endocrine Disruptors. The objectives of the working group are to 1) develop a planning framework for federal research related to human and ecological health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals; 2) conduct an inventory of ongoing federal research programs; and 3) identify research gaps and develop a coordinated interagency plan to address priority research needs. This communication summarizes the activities of the federal government in defining a common framework for planning an endocrine disruptor research program and in assessing the status of the current effort. After developing the research framework and compiling an inventory of active research projects supported by the federal government in fiscal year 1996, the CENR working group evaluated the current federal effort by comparing the ongoing activities with the research needs identified in the framework. The analysis showed that the federal government supports considerable research on human health effects, ecological effects, and exposure assessment, with a predominance of activity occurring under human health effects. The analysis also indicates that studies on reproductive development and carcinogenesis are more prevalent than studies on neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity, that mammals (mostly laboratory animals) are the main species under study, and that chlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls are the most commonly studied chemical classes. Comparison of the inventory with the research needs should allow identification of underrepresented research areas in need of attention.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.98106105","usgsCitation":"Reiter, L.W., DeRosa, C., Kavlock, R.J., Lucier, G., Mac, M., Melillo, J., Melnick, R.L., Sinks, T., and Walton, B.T., 1998, The US federal framework for research on endocrine disrupters and an analysis of research programs supported during fiscal year 1996: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 106, no. 3, p. 105-113, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106105.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489186,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba94ce4b08c986b322188","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiter, L. W.","contributorId":105874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeRosa, C.","contributorId":12227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeRosa","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kavlock, R. J.","contributorId":86917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kavlock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucier, G.","contributorId":11361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucier","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, M. J.","contributorId":44492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melillo, J.","contributorId":33081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13206,"text":"Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Melnick, R. L.","contributorId":72962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melnick","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sinks, T.","contributorId":40367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinks","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Walton, B. T.","contributorId":75717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walton","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70020989,"text":"70020989 - 1998 - Pair interactions in red-faced warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T12:23:30.317762","indexId":"70020989","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pair interactions in red-faced warblers","docAbstract":"Forty pairs of breeding Red-faced Warblers (Cardellina rubrifrons) were observed in 1992 and 1993 on the Mogollon Rim, Arizona. Intrusions by extra-pair males, interactions between pair members, and other pair interaction behaviors were recorded. The majority of intrusions occurred during the building stage of the nesting cycle. Males responded to intrusions during nest building by decreasing intra-pair distance. Males maintained shorter intra-pair distances by following the female when she initiated movements and by not initiating pair movements themselves. Intra-pair distances were as short or shorter during the incubation period as during nest building, and were shorter during incubation than during egg laying. Males continued to follow females beyond the expected fertile period. Possible explanations for continued mate following include: males guard their mates against predators, males guard their paternity for future nesting attempts, and males respond to extra-pair male intrusions, which continue during incubation.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369717","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Barber, P., Martin, T.E., and Smith, K.G., 1998, Pair interactions in red-faced warblers: Condor, v. 100, no. 3, p. 512-518, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369717.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"512","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369717","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a739ce4b0c8380cd7713c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, P.M.","contributorId":9524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Kimberly G.","contributorId":47720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021363,"text":"70021363 - 1998 - Does the Sverdrup critical depth model explain bloom dynamics in estuaries?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:47:35","indexId":"70021363","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2379,"text":"Journal of Marine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does the Sverdrup critical depth model explain bloom dynamics in estuaries?","docAbstract":"In this paper we use numerical models of coupled biological-hydrodynamic processes to search for general principles of bloom regulation in estuarine waters. We address three questions: what are the dynamics of stratification in coastal systems as influenced by variable freshwater input and tidal stirring? How does phytoplankton growth respond to these dynamics? Can the classical Sverdrup Critical Depth Model (SCDM) be used to predict the timing of bloom events in shallow coastal domains such as estuaries? We present results of simulation experiments which assume that vertical transport and net phytoplankton growth rates are horizontally homogeneous. In the present approach the temporally and spatially varying turbulent diffusivities for various stratification scenarios are calculated using a hydrodynamic code that includes the Mellor-Yamada 2.5 turbulence closure model. These diffusivities are then used in a time- and depth-dependent advection-diffusion equation, incorporating sources and sinks, for the phytoplankton biomass. Our modeling results show that, whereas persistent stratification greatly increases the probability of a bloom, semidiurnal periodic stratification does not increase the likelihood of a phytoplankton bloom over that of a constantly unstratified water column. Thus, for phytoplankton blooms, the physical regime of periodic stratification is closer to complete mixing than to persistent stratification. Furthermore, the details of persistent stratification are important: surface layer depth, thickness of the pycnocline, vertical density difference, and tidal current speed all weigh heavily in producing conditions which promote the onset of phytoplankton blooms. Our model results for shallow tidal systems do not conform to the classical concepts of stratification and blooms in deep pelagic systems. First, earlier studies (Riley, 1942, for example) suggest a monotonic increase in surface layer production as the surface layer shallows. Our model results suggest, however, a nonmonotonic relationship between phytoplankton population growth and surface layer depth, which results from a balance between several 'competing' processes, including the interaction of sinking with turbulent mixing and average net growth occurring within the surface layer. Second, we show that the traditional SCDM must be refined for application to energetic shallow systems or for systems in which surface layer mixing is not strong enough to counteract the sinking loss of phytoplankton. This need for refinement arises because of the leakage of phytoplankton from the surface layer by turbulent diffusion and sinking, processes not considered in the classical SCDM. Our model shows that, even for low sinking rates and small turbulent diffusivities, a significant % of the phytoplankton biomass produced in the surface layer can be lost by these processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sears Foundation for Marine Research ","doi":"10.1357/002224098321822357","issn":"00222402","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Cloern, J., Koseff, J.R., Monismith, S., and Thompson, J., 1998, Does the Sverdrup critical depth model explain bloom dynamics in estuaries?: Journal of Marine Research, v. 56, no. 2, p. 375-415, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224098321822357.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"415","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a039ae4b0c8380cd50575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021314,"text":"70021314 - 1998 - Postaudit of optimal conjunctive use policies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021314","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Postaudit of optimal conjunctive use policies","docAbstract":"A simulation-optimization model was developed for the optimal management of the city of Santa Barbara's water resources during a drought; however, this model addressed only groundwater flow and not the advective-dispersive, density-dependent transport of seawater. Zero-m freshwater head constraints at the coastal boundary were used as surrogates for the control of seawater intrusion. In this study, the strategies derived from the simulation-optimization model using two surface water supply scenarios are evaluated using a two-dimensional, density-dependent groundwater flow and transport model. Comparisons of simulated chloride mass fractions are made between maintaining the actual pumping policies of the 1987-91 drought and implementing the optimal pumping strategies for each scenario. The results indicate that using 0-m freshwater head constraints allowed no more seawater intrusion than under actual 1987-91 drought conditions and that the simulation-optimization model yields least-cost strategies that deliver more water than under actual drought conditions while controlling seawater intrusion.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management","conferenceDate":"7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., and Martin, P., 1998, Postaudit of optimal conjunctive use policies, in Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998, p. 591-596.","startPage":"591","endPage":"596","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e74e4b0c8380cd7a55c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loucks E","contributorId":128438,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Loucks E","id":536469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021313,"text":"70021313 - 1998 - Channel stability of Turkey Creek, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021313","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Channel stability of Turkey Creek, Nebraska","docAbstract":"Channelization on Turkey Creek and its receiving stream, the South Fork Big Nemaha River, has disturbed the equilibrium of Turkey Creek and has led to channel-stability problems, such as degradation and channel widening, which pose a threat to bridges and land adjacent to the stream. As part of a multiagency study, the U.S. Geological Survey assessed channel stability at two bridge sites on upper and middle portions of Turkey Creek by analyzing streambed-elevation data for gradation changes, comparing recent cross-section surveys and historic accounts, identifying bank-failure blocks, and analyzing tree-ring samples. These results were compared to gradation data and trend results for a U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station near the mouth of Turkey Creek from a previous study. Examination of data on streambed elevations reveals that degradation has occurred. The streambed elevation declined 0.5 m at the upper site from 1967-97. The streambed elevation declined by 3.2 m at the middle site from 1948-97 and exposed 2 m of the pilings of the Nebraska Highway 8 bridge. Channel widening could not be verified at the two sites from 1967-97, but a historic account indicates widening at the middle site to be two to three times that of the 1949 channel width. Small bank failures were evident at the upper site and a 4-m-wide bank failure occurred at the middle site in 1987 according to tree ring analyses. Examination of streambed-elevation data from a previous study at the lower site reveals a statistically significant aggrading trend from 1958-93. Further examination of these data suggests minor degradation occurred until 1975, followed by aggradation.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 International Water Resources Engineering Conference. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Rus, D.L., and Soenksen, P.J., 1998, Channel stability of Turkey Creek, Nebraska, in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 1, Memphis, TN, USA, 3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998, p. 423-428.","startPage":"423","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f45ae4b0c8380cd4bca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soenksen, Philip J. pjsoenks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soenksen","given":"Philip","email":"pjsoenks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":389443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021312,"text":"70021312 - 1998 - A Reassessment of U-Th and 14C Ages for Late-Glacial High-Frequency Hydrological Events at Searles Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:24:18","indexId":"70021312","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Reassessment of U-Th and 14C Ages for Late-Glacial High-Frequency Hydrological Events at Searles Lake, California","docAbstract":"U-Th isochron ages of tufas formed on shorelines suggest that the last pluvial event in Lake Lahontan and Searles Lake was synchronous at about 16,500 cal yr B.P. (equivalent to a radiocarbon age of between 14,000 and 13,500 yr B.P.), whereas the timing of this pluvial event determined by radiocarbon dating is on the order of 1000 yr younger. The timing of seven distinct periods of near desiccation in Searles Lake during late-glacial time has been reinvestigated for U-Th age determination by mass spectrometry. U-Th dating of evaporite layers in the interbedded mud and salt unit called the Lower Salt in Searles Lake was hampered by the uncertainty in assessing the initial 230Th/232Th of the samples. The resulting ages, corrected by a conservative range of initial 230Th/ 232Th ratios, suggest close correlation of the abrupt changes recorded in Greenland ice cores (Dansgaard-Oeschger events) and wet-dry conditions in Searles Lake between 35,000 and 24,000 Cal yr B.P. ?? 1998 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1997.1949","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Lin, J., Broecker, W., Hemming, S.R., Hajdas, I., Anderson, R.F., Smith, G., Kelley, M., and Bonani, G., 1998, A Reassessment of U-Th and 14C Ages for Late-Glacial High-Frequency Hydrological Events at Searles Lake, California: Quaternary Research, v. 49, no. 1, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1949.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266459,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1949"},{"id":229784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2fce4b0c8380cd45d7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, J.C.","contributorId":96037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broecker, W.S.","contributorId":95195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broecker","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemming, S. R.","contributorId":71225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemming","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hajdas, Irka","contributorId":97272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hajdas","given":"Irka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Robert F.","contributorId":14139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelley, M.","contributorId":92452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bonani, G.","contributorId":26100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonani","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70021359,"text":"70021359 - 1998 - Spawning ecology of flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus lattipinnis (Catostomidae), in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021359","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning ecology of flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus lattipinnis (Catostomidae), in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado river","docAbstract":"We report the first published accounts of spawning behavior and spawning site selection of the flannelmouth sucker in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Spawning was observed on 20 March 1992 and from 28 March to 10 April 1993 in the Paria River, and from 16 to 19 March 1993 in Bright Angel Creek. Flannelmouth suckers exhibited promiscuous spawning behavior-individual females were typically paired with two or more males for a given event and sometimes changed partners between events. Multiple egg deposits by different females sometimes occurred at one spawning site. Flannelmouth sucker selected substrates from 16 to 32 mm diameter in both streams. Spawning occurred at depths of 10 to 25 cm in the Paria River and 19 to 41 cm in Bright Angel Creek. Mean column water velocities at spawning locations ranged from 0.15 to 1.0 m sec-1 in the Paria River and from 0.23 to 0.89 m sec-1 in Bright Angel Creek. Water temperatures recorded during spawning ranged from 9 to 18??C in the Paria River and 13 to 15??C in Bright Angel Creek. Spawning flannelmouth sucker ascended 9.8 km upstream in the Paria River and 1.25 km in Bright Angel Creek. Spawning females (410-580 mm) were significantly larger than spawning males (385-530 mm) in the Paria River. The mean size of spawning fish in the Paria River was significantly smaller than the entire stock, averaged throughout the study period (380-620 mm). However, fish spawning in 1992-1993 averaged 53 mm larger than fish spawning in the same reach of the Paria River in 1981, indicating a shift in the size structure of this stock.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007497513762","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Weiss, S., Otis, E., and Maughan, O., 1998, Spawning ecology of flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus lattipinnis (Catostomidae), in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado river: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 52, no. 4, p. 419-433, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007497513762.","startPage":"419","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007497513762"},{"id":229868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94d5e4b08c986b31ac79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, S.J.","contributorId":72550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otis, E.O.","contributorId":80028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maughan, O.E.","contributorId":70520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"O.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2002227,"text":"2002227 - 1998 - Herpetology of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"2002227","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":62,"text":"Proceedings","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMRS-P-3","title":"Herpetology of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The future of arid grasslands: identifying issues, seeking solutions. Proceedings of symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Rosen, P., Sartorius, S., Schwalbe, C., Holm, P.A., and Lowe, C., 1998, Herpetology of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona: Proceedings RMRS-P-3, p. 65-80.","productDescription":"p. 65-80","startPage":"65","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, P.C.","contributorId":107640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sartorius, S.S.","contributorId":50248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartorius","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holm, P. A.","contributorId":51234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, C.H.","contributorId":60567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021407,"text":"70021407 - 1998 - Comparative use of riparian corridors and oases by migrating birds in southeast Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T11:43:25.62586","indexId":"70021407","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative use of riparian corridors and oases by migrating birds in southeast Arizona","docAbstract":"The relative importance of cottonwood-willow riparian corridors and isolated oases to land birds migrating across southeastern Arizona was evaluated during four spring migrations, 1989 to 1994, based on patterns of species richness, relative abundance, density, and body condition of birds. We surveyed birds in 13 study sites ranging in size and connectivity from small isolated patches to extensive riparian forest, sampled vegetation and insects, and captured birds in mistnets. The continuous band of riparian vegetation along the San Pedro River does not appear to be functioning as a corridor for many migrating species, although it may for a few, namely Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens), Summer Tanagers (Piranga rubra), and Northern Rough-winged Swallows (Steldigopteryx serripennis), which account for fewer than 10% of the individuals migrating through the area. Small, isolated oases hosted more avian species than the corridor sites, and the relative abundances of most migrating birds did not differ between sites relative to size-connectivity. There were few differences in between-year variability in the relative abundances of migrating birds between corridor and oasis sites. Between-year variability decreased with overall abundance of species and was greater for species with breeding ranges that centered north of 50°N latitude. Body condition of birds did not differ relative to the size-connectivity of the capture site, but individuals of species with more northerly breeding ranges had more body fat than species that breed nearby. Peak migration densities of several bird species far exceeded breeding densities reported for the San Pedro River, suggesting that large components of these species were en route migrants. Peak densities of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) reached 48.0 birds/ha, of Wilson’s Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla) 33.7 birds/ha, and of Yellow-rumped Warblers (D. coronata) 30.1 birds/ha. Riparian vegetation is limited in extent in the vicinity of our study sites, covering less than 1% of the landscape. We conclude that all riparian patches in southeastern Arizona are important as stopover sites to en route migrants regardless of their size and degree of isolation or connectivity. In light of potential habitat limitation, the protection of both small, disjunct riparian patches and extensive riverine tracts in western landscapes is imperative.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96384.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S., Melcher, C., Howe, W., and Knopf, F., 1998, Comparative use of riparian corridors and oases by migrating birds in southeast Arizona: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 896-909, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96384.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"909","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K35SMD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Migrating Bird Survey Data Along the San Pedro River and its Tributaries, Southeastern Arizona, 1989-1994"},{"id":229993,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.77101112887625,\n 32.29016556862615\n ],\n [\n -110.77101112887625,\n 31.332842690414253\n ],\n [\n -109.92967048571855,\n 31.332842690414253\n ],\n [\n -109.92967048571855,\n 32.29016556862615\n ],\n [\n -110.77101112887625,\n 32.29016556862615\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f82fe4b0c8380cd4cf1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia","contributorId":101593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, W.H.","contributorId":54918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019866,"text":"70019866 - 1998 - Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska: Source mechanisms along a glaciated transform margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T15:05:32.059338","indexId":"70019866","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska: Source mechanisms along a glaciated transform margin","docAbstract":"Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska occurs via four areally extensive deepwater fans, sourced from grounded tidewater glaciers. During periods of climatic cooling, glaciers cross a narrow shelf and discharge sediment down the continental slope. Because the coastal terrain is dominated by fjords and a narrow, high-relief Pacific watershed, deposition is dominated by channellized point-source fan accumulations, the volumes of which are primarily a function of climate. The sediment distribution is modified by a long-term tectonic translation of the Pacific plate to the north along the transform margin. As a result, the deep-water fans are gradually moved away from the climatically controlled point sources. Sets of abandoned channels record the effect of translation during the Plio-Pleistocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society, London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.04","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Dobson, M., O'Leary, D., and Veart, M., 1998, Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska: Source mechanisms along a glaciated transform margin: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 129, p. 43-66, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.04.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b896fe4b08c986b316ddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dobson, M.R.","contributorId":100858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Leary, D.","contributorId":90487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Leary","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veart, M.","contributorId":24506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veart","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019843,"text":"70019843 - 1998 - Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:28:04","indexId":"70019843","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993","docAbstract":"Reservoirs are used to store water for public water supply, flood control, irrigation, recreation, hydropower, and wildlife habitat, but also often store undesirable substances such as herbicides. The outflow from 76 reservoirs in the midwestern USA, was sampled four times in 1992 and four times in 1993. At least one herbicide was detected in 82.6 percent of all samples, and atrazine was detected in 82.1 percent of all samples. Herbicide properties; topography, land use, herbicide use, and soil type in the contributing drainage area; residence time of water in reservoirs; and timing of inflow, release, and rainfall all can affect the concentration of herbicides in reservoirs. A GIS was used to quantify characteristics of land use, agricultural chemical use, climatic conditions, topographic character, and soil type by reservoir drainage basins. Multiple linear and logistic regression equations were used to model mean herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflow as a function of these characteristics. Results demonstrate a strong association between mean herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflow and herbicide use rates within associated drainage basins. Results also demonstrate the importance of including soils and basin hydrologic characteristics in models used to estimate mean herbicide concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05438.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998, Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1369-1390, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05438.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1390","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d2e4b0e8fec6cdc016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021366,"text":"70021366 - 1998 - Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021366","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central grasslands","docAbstract":"In the Central Grasslands of the United States, we hypothesized that riparian zones high in soil fertility would contain more exotic plant species than upland areas of low soil fertility. Our alternate hypothesis was that riparian zones high in native plant species richness and cover would monopolize available resources and resist invasion by exotic species. We gathered nested-scale vegetation data from 40 1 m2subplots (nested in four 1000 m2 plots) in both riparian and upland sites at four study areas in Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota (a total of 320 1 m2subplots and 32 1000 m2 plots). At the 1 m2 scale, mean foliar cover of native species was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in riparian zones (36.6% ?? 1.7%) compared to upland sites (28.7% ?? 1.5%), but at this small scale there were no consistent patterns of native and exotic species richness among the four management areas. Mean exotic species cover was slightly higher in upland sites compared to riparian sites (9.0% ?? 3.8% versus 8.2% ?? 3.0% cover). However, mean exotic species richness and cover were greater in the riparian zones than upland sites in three of four management areas. At the 1000 m2 scale, mean exotic species richness was also significantly greater (P < 0.05) in riparian zones (7.8 ?? 1.0 species) compared to upland sites (4.8 ?? 1.0 species) despite the heavy invasion of one upland site. For all 32 plots combined, 21% of the variance in exotic species richness was explained by positive relationships with soil % silt (t = 1.7, P = 0.09) and total foliar cover (t = 2.4, P = 0.02). Likewise, 26% of the variance in exotic species cover (log10 cover) was explained by positive relationships with soil % silt (t = 2.3, P = 0.03) and total plant species richness (t = 2.4, P = 0.02). At landscape scales (four 1000 m2 plots per type combined), total foliar cover was significantly and positively correlated with exotic species richness (r = 0.73, P < 0.05) and cover (r = 0.74, P < 0.05). Exotic species cover (log10 cover) was positively correlated with log10% N in the soil (r = 0.61, P = 0.11) at landscape scales. On average, we found that 85% (??5%) of the total number of exotic species in the sampling plots of a given management area could be found in riparian zones, while only 50% (??8%) were found in upland plots. We conclude that: (1 species-rich and productive riparian zones are particularly invasible in grassland ecosystems; and (2) riparian zones may act as havens, corridors, and sources of exotic plant invasions for upland sites and pose a significant challenge to land managers and conservation biologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1009764909413","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Bull, K., Otsuki, Y., Villa, C., and Lee, M., 1998, Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central grasslands: Plant Ecology, v. 138, no. 1, p. 113-125, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009764909413.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009764909413"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad83e4b0c8380cd86efd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bull, K.A.","contributorId":60166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otsuki, Yuka","contributorId":23107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otsuki","given":"Yuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Villa, C.A.","contributorId":87097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":32484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000643,"text":"1000643 - 1998 - Growth and potential yield of perch (Perca spp.) in selected areas of Lake Baikal and the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-02T21:09:05.35922","indexId":"1000643","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3389,"text":"Siberian Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and potential yield of perch (Perca spp.) in selected areas of Lake Baikal and the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"We compared growth, mortality, and potential yield of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) from Chivirkui Bay in Lake Baikal with that of yellow perch (P. flavescens) from three areas of the Laurentian Great Lakes --Chequamegon Bay in Lake Superior, northeastern Lake Ontario, and southwestern Lake Erie. Graded mesh gill nets were fished in August to sample perch in lakes Baikal (1993), Ontario (1985-93), and Erie (1994). Bottom trawls were fished in July-August to sample perch in Lake Superior (1973-93). Adult yellow perch from the Laurentian Great Lakes were heavier at most lengths than adult Eurasian perch from Lake Baikal. The increase in body weight per unit increase in length was greatest in Lake Erie. Total annual mortality of perch was low in Lake Baikal (0.31), intermediate in lakes Superior (0.41) and Ontario (0.54), and high in Lake Erie (0.66). Annual fishing mortality (u) for perch in Lake Baikal was 60%-70% lower than that for perch in the Great Lakes. At ages 1-3, perch in Lake Erie were longer than those in lakes Baikal, Superior, and Ontario but at ages 4-9 perch in Lake Baikal were longer than those in the other lakes. Although Eurasian perch in Lake Baikal were longer at age 4 and older, growth in length, as measured by the Brody growth coefficient, K, was lower there than in the other lakes and was similar to that in Lake Superior; yellow perch in Lake Erie grew the fastest. Yield-per-recruit was lowest in Lake Erie and highest in Lake Superior. Potential yield was influenced by growth rates and fishing mortality.","language":"Russian, English","publisher":"Nauka","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., Bronte, C.R., Hatcher, C.O., Pronin, N.M., and Sokolnikov, Y., 1998, Growth and potential yield of perch (Perca spp.) in selected areas of Lake Baikal and the Laurentian Great Lakes: Siberian Journal of Ecology, v. 5, p. 407-415.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"415","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63571f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatcher, Charles O.","contributorId":95833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pronin, Nikolai M.","contributorId":32109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pronin","given":"Nikolai","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sokolnikov, Yury","contributorId":73165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sokolnikov","given":"Yury","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021071,"text":"70021071 - 1998 - The character of long-term eruptions: Inferences from episodes 50-53 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kīlauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T16:07:50","indexId":"70021071","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The character of long-term eruptions: Inferences from episodes 50-53 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kīlauea volcano","docAbstract":"The Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption on the east rift zone of Kīlauea began in January 1983. The first 9 years of the eruption were divided between the Pu'u 'Ō'ō (1983–1986) and Kūpaianaha (1986–1992) vents, each characterized by regular, predictable patterns of activity that endured for years. In 1990 a series of pauses in the activity disturbed the equilibrium of the eruption, and in 1991, the output from Kūpaianaha steadily declined and a short-lived fissure eruption broke out between Kūpaianaha and Pu'u 'Ō'ō. In February 1992 the Kūpaianaha vent died, and, 10 days later, eruptive episode 50 began as a fissure opened on the uprift flank of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō cone. For the next year, the eruption was marked by instability as more vents opened on the flank of the cone and the activity was repeatedly interrupted by brief pauses in magma supply to the vents. Episodes 50–53 constructed a lava shield 60 m high and 1.3 km in diameter against the steep slope of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō cone. By 1993 the shield was pockmarked by collapse pits as vents and lava tubes downcut as much as 29 m through the thick deposit of scoria and spatter that veneered the cone. As the vents progressively lowered, the level of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō pond also dropped, demonstrating the hydraulic connection between the two. The downcutting helped to undermine the prominent Pu'u 'Ō'ō cone, which has diminished in size both by collapse, as a large pit crater formed over the conduit, and by burial of its flanks. Intervals of eruptive instability, such as that of 1991–1993, accelerate lateral expansion of the subaerial flow field both by producing widely spaced vents and by promoting surface flow activity as lava tubes collapse and become blocked during pauses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004450050198","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Heliker, C., Mangan, M.T., Mattox, T.N., Kauahikaua, J.P., and Helz, R., 1998, The character of long-term eruptions: Inferences from episodes 50-53 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kīlauea volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 59, no. 6, p. 381-393, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050198.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"393","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa1de4b08c986b322720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattox, T. N.","contributorId":55450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattox","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184269,"text":"70184269 - 1998 - Lead poisoning as a component of morbidity and mortality in carcasses of eastern prairie population Canada geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T19:38:32.55899","indexId":"70184269","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Lead poisoning as a component of morbidity and mortality in carcasses of eastern prairie population Canada geese","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Canada Goose Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Canada Goose Symposium","usgsCitation":"Brand, C.J., DeStefano, S., and Franson, J., 1998, Lead poisoning as a component of morbidity and mortality in carcasses of eastern prairie population Canada geese, in Proceedings of the International Canada Goose Symposium, p. 277-282.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"282","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Christopher J. cbrand@usgs.gov","contributorId":1186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Christopher","email":"cbrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":2874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":127740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021149,"text":"70021149 - 1998 - Crustal structure of China from deep seismic sounding profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T13:02:42.052373","indexId":"70021149","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of China from deep seismic sounding profiles","docAbstract":"More than 36,000 km of Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) profiles have been collected in China since 1958. However, the results of these profiles are not well known in the West due to the language barrier. In this paper, we summarize the crustal structure of China with a new contour map of crustal thickness, nine representative crustal columns, and maps showing profile locations, average crustal velocity, and Pn velocity. The most remarkable aspect of the crustal structure of China is the well known 70+ km thickness of the crust of the Tibetan Plateau. The thick (45–70 km) crust of western China is separated from the thinner (30–45 km) crust of eastern China by the north-south trending seismic belt (105°E). The average crustal velocity of China ranges from 6.15 to 6.45 km/s, indicating a felsic-to-intermediate bulk crustal composition. Upper mantle (Pn) velocities are 8.0 ± 0.2 km/s, equal to the global continental average. We interpret these results in terms of the most recent thermo-tectonic events that have modified the crust. In much of eastern China, Cenozoic crustal extension has produced a thin crust with a low average crustal velocity, similar to western Europe and the Basin and Range Province, western USA. In western China, Mesozoic and Cenozoic arc-continent and continent-continent collisions have led to crustal growth and thickening. Inferences on the process of crustal thickening are provided by the deep crustal velocity structure as determined by DSS profiles and other seismological studies. A high velocity (7.0–7.4 km/s) lower-crustal layer has been reported in western China only beneath the southernmost Tibetan Plateau. We identify this high-velocity layer as the cold lower crust of the subducting Indian plate. As the Indian crust is injected northward into the Tibetan lower crust, it heats and assimilates by partial melting, a process that results in a reduction in the seismic velocity of the lower crust in the central and northern Tibetan Plateau.
A paleobiology laboratory exercise using lunch meat, cheeses, and condiments provides a means for studying a method of fossil preservation called “bioimmuration.” The exercise also has students deal with problems associated with other aspects of taphonomy, taxonomy, and paleoecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/1089-9995-46.2.182","issn":"10899995","usgsCitation":"Mankiewicz, C., 1998, A laboratory exercise in experimental bioimmuration: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 46, no. 2, p. 182-186, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-46.2.182.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42de4b0c8380cd46488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankiewicz, C.","contributorId":37102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankiewicz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000832,"text":"1000832 - 1998 - Sexual difference in polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation rates of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"1000832","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual difference in polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation rates of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum)","docAbstract":"Adult male walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) exhibited significantly higher polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations than similarly aged female walleye from Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron). To explain this difference, we tested the following three hypotheses: (i) females showed a considerably greater reduction in PCB concentration immediately following spawning than males, (ii) females grew at a faster rate and therefore exhibited lower PCB concentrations than males, and (iii) males spent more time in the Saginaw River system than females, and therefore received a greater exposure to PCBs. The first hypothesis was tested by comparing PCB concentration in gonadal tissue with whole-body concentration, the second hypothesis was tested via bioenergetics modeling, and we used mark-recapture data from the Saginaw Bay walleye fishery to address the third hypothesis. The only plausible explanation for the observed difference in PCB accumulation rate was that males spent substantially more time in the highly contaminated Saginaw River system than females, and therefore were exposed to greater environmental concentrations of PCBs. Based on the results of our study, we strongly recommend a stratified random sampling design for monitoring PCB concentration in Saginaw Bay walleye, with fixed numbers of females and males sampled each year.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Noguchi, G.E., Haas, R.C., and Schrouder, K.S., 1998, Sexual difference in polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation rates of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1085-1092.","productDescription":"p. 1085-1092","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1092","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noguchi, George E.","contributorId":42552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noguchi","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, Robert C.","contributorId":97450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schrouder, Kathrin S.","contributorId":6005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrouder","given":"Kathrin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}