{"pageNumber":"349","pageRowStart":"8700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10450,"records":[{"id":70185478,"text":"70185478 - 1992 - Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled, classical reactions: Problem solvability and feed forward method's applicability for complex segments of at most binary participants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T15:28:33.754144","indexId":"70185478","displayToPublicDate":"1992-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled, classical reactions: Problem solvability and feed forward method's applicability for complex segments of at most binary participants","docAbstract":"

The feed forward (FF) method derives efficient operational equations for simulating transport of reacting solutes. It has been shown to be applicable in the presence of networks with any number of homogeneous and/or heterogeneous, classical reaction segments that consist of three, at most binary participants. Using a sequential (network type after network type) exploration approach and, independently, theoretical explanations, it is demonstrated for networks with classical reaction segments containing more than three, at most binary participants that if any one of such networks leads to a solvable transport problem then the FF method is applicable. Ways of helping to avoid networks that produce problem insolvability are developed and demonstrated. A previously suggested algebraic, matrix rank procedure has been adapted and augmented to serve as the main, easy-to-apply solvability test for already postulated networks. Four network conditions that often generate insolvability have been identified and studied. Their early detection during network formulation may help to avoid postulation of insolvable networks.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR00572","usgsCitation":"Rubin, J., 1992, Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled, classical reactions: Problem solvability and feed forward method's applicability for complex segments of at most binary participants: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1681-1702, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00572.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1702","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185469,"text":"70185469 - 1992 - Reply to Dr. Stoesselfs comment on “Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T06:28:48","indexId":"70185469","displayToPublicDate":"1992-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to Dr. Stoesselfs comment on “Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems”","docAbstract":"

In reply to the Critical Comment of R. K. Stoessell (this issue), limiting activity coefficients of bromide in halite (γNaBr) have been calculated by least-squares fitting of Simons et al.'s (1952) bromide distribution coefficient data for the Na(Cl,Br)-NaOH-H2O system at 35°C. Regular and subregular solidsolution model fits give γNaBr = 7.4 and γNaBr = 8.8, respectively. The Br contents of halite at equilibrium with seawater at initial halite saturation, calculated from the regular and subregular fits, are 17 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively. A survey of literature data for trace bromide in halite shows a wide spread in distribution coefficients, with lower values (DBr≈ 0.01) reported by Bloch and Schnerb (1953), Puchelt et al. (1972), and Lutz (1975), and higher values (DBr− ≈ 0.03) reported by Braitsch and Herrmann (1963), Kühn (1968), Herrmann (1972), Herrmann (1980), Mccaffrey et al. (1987), valiashko et al. (1976), Valiashko and Lavrova (1976), and Fontes (pers. commun., 1990). The measurement of stoichiometric saturation states for halite (or sylvite) with trace bromide mole-fractions is not practical, given the insensitivity of the measured solubilities on the bromide mole-fractions. Distribution coefficient measurements, with proof of thermodynamic equilibrium, need to be obtained instead, to conclusively determine the thermodynamic-mixing properties of both Na(Cl,Br) and K(Cl,Br) solidsolution series at very low mole-fractions of bromide. The applicability of the stoichiometric saturation concept to the interpretation of precipitation processes is questionable, primarily because the concept requires solid-solutions to behave as one-component solids with fixed composition. Lippmann diagrams are useful in depicting stoichiometric saturation, endmember saturation, and thermodynamic equilibrium states in binary-solid-solution aqueous-solution systems. Lippmann diagrams can contribute a better understanding of these systems, regardless of the concentration of the endmember components.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90210-A","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., Reardon, E.J., Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1992, Reply to Dr. Stoesselfs comment on “Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems”: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 6, p. 2559-2572, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90210-A.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"2559","endPage":"2572","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, Eric J.","contributorId":189679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reardon","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017327,"text":"70017327 - 1992 - Effect of membrane filtration artifacts on dissolved trace element concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T16:00:01.372538","indexId":"70017327","displayToPublicDate":"1992-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of membrane filtration artifacts on dissolved trace element concentrations","docAbstract":"

Among environment scientists, the current and almost universally accepted definition of dissolved constituents is an operational one-only those materials which pass through a 0.45-μm membrane filter are considered to be dissolved. Detailed laboratory and field studies on Fe and Al indicate that a number of factors associated with filtration, other than just pore size, can substantially alter “dissolved” trace element concentrations; these include: filter type, filter diameter, filtration method, volume of sample processed, suspended sediment concentration, suspended sediment grain-size distribution, concentration of colloids and colloidally-associated trace elements and concentration of organic matter. As such, reported filtered-water concentrations employing the same pore size filter may not be equal. Filtration artifacts may lead to the production of chemical data that indicate seasonal or annual “dissolved” chemical trends which do not reflect actual environmental conditions. Further, the development of worldwide averages for various dissolved chemical constituents, the quantification of geochemical cycles, and the determination of short- or long-term environmental chemical trends may be subject to substantial errors, due to filtration artifacts, when data from the same or multiple sources are combined. Finally, filtration effects could have a substantial impact on various regulatory requirements.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0043-1354(92)90006-P","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Colberg, M.R., 1992, Effect of membrane filtration artifacts on dissolved trace element concentrations: Water Research, v. 26, no. 6, p. 753-763, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(92)90006-P.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"763","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f4e4b0c8380cd51048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, Kent A.","contributorId":78415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colberg, Mark R.","contributorId":63542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colberg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217334,"text":"70217334 - 1992 - Application of continuum models to deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T21:56:32.341774","indexId":"70217334","displayToPublicDate":"1992-04-10T15:52:42","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of continuum models to deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc","docAbstract":"

Continuum models were constructed to describe large‐scale deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc over the past 5 m.y. These models consider the island arc as a continuum in the horizontal plane with the velocity boundary condition at the Pacific edge stated as a fraction of Pacific plate convergence transferred to the arc. First, a simple model of uniformly distributed strain is formulated to illustrate the mechanics of continuous deformation. Lineaments along the arc massif rotated about a vertical axis are matched by small‐element rotation calculated from the model. However, this model does not predict across‐arc variations in deformation and produces an unrealistic amount of crustal thickening after 5 m.y. A physically more meaningful model of deformation is the thin viscous sheet model based on averages of stress and rheology throughout the lithosphere. The amount of motion transferred from the Pacific plate to the arc is constrained by the rotated lineaments, while the effective stress‐strain exponent (n) and the ability the lithosphere has to sustain crustal thickness contrasts (the Argand number) are independent variables. Primarily, bathymetry, earthquake focal mechanisms, and styles of faulting are used to evaluate the models. The preferred model is one where the amount of motion transferred from the Pacific plate is greater in an arc‐parallel direction than in an arc‐normal direction, producing stresses consistent with strike‐slip faulting at the far western end of the arc and tensional stresses consistent with transverse normal faulting elsewhere in the arc massif. This model agrees with observations of slip vectors by Ekström and Engdahl (1989), who conclude that a portion of the arc‐parallel component of relative plate motion is taken up in the overriding plate. This model implies that compressive stress transferred to the arc is small in comparison to along‐arc shear stress and that stresses conducive to strikeslip faulting are prevalent throughout the arc.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB02992","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., and Scholl, D.W., 1992, Application of continuum models to deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 97, no. B4, p. 4953-4967, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB02992.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4953","endPage":"4967","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/91jb02992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Island Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.6103515625,\n 56.96893619436121\n ],\n [\n -157.6318359375,\n 58.49369382056807\n ],\n [\n -170.595703125,\n 53.25206880589411\n ],\n [\n -179.033203125,\n 52.348763181988105\n ],\n [\n -178.7255859375,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -174.638671875,\n 51.31688050404585\n ],\n [\n -164.0478515625,\n 53.48804553605622\n ],\n [\n -155.6103515625,\n 56.96893619436121\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186710,"text":"70186710 - 1992 - Gravity-driven groundwater flow and slope failure potential: 1. Elastic effective-stress model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-01T09:38:12","indexId":"70186710","displayToPublicDate":"1992-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity-driven groundwater flow and slope failure potential: 1. Elastic effective-stress model","docAbstract":"
  1. Hilly or mountainous topography influences gravity-driven groundwater flow and the consequent distribution of effective stress in shallow subsurface environments. Effective stress, in turn, influences the potential for slope failure. To evaluate these influences, we formulate a two-dimensional, steady state, poroelastic model. The governing equations incorporate groundwater effects as body forces, and they demonstrate that spatially uniform pore pressure changes do not influence effective stresses. We implement the model using two finite element codes. As an illustrative case, we calculate the groundwater flow field, total body force field, and effective stress field in a straight, homogeneous hillslope. The total body force and effective stress fields show that groundwater flow can influence shear stresses as well as effective normal stresses. In most parts of the hillslope, groundwater flow significantly increases the Coulomb failure potential Φ, which we define as the ratio of maximum shear stress to mean effective normal stress. Groundwater flow also shifts the locus of greatest failure potential toward the slope toe. However, the effects of groundwater flow on failure potential are less pronounced than might be anticipated on the basis of a simpler, one-dimensional, limit equilibrium analysis. This is a consequence of continuity, compatibility, and boundary constraints on the two-dimensional flow and stress fields, and it points to important differences between our elastic continuum model and limit equilibrium models commonly used to assess slope stability.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91WR02694","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and Reid, M.E., 1992, Gravity-driven groundwater flow and slope failure potential: 1. Elastic effective-stress model: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 3, p. 925-938, https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR02694.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"925","endPage":"938","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","publicComments":"Part of a Special Section: Problems and Issues in the Validity of Benefit Transfer Methodologies","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a554e4b09da6799d6416","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017160,"text":"70017160 - 1992 - A new Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary locality in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming: Biological and geological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T16:50:57.691376","indexId":"70017160","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary locality in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming: Biological and geological implications","docAbstract":"

A newly discovered Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary locality in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming, is characterized by a palynologically defined extinction horizon, a fern-spore abundance anomaly, a strong iridium anomaly, and shock-metamorphosed quartz grains. Detailed microstratigraphic analyses show that about one third of the palynoflora (mostly angiosperm pollen) disappeared abruptly, placing the K-T boundary within a distinctive, 1- to 2-cm-thick claystone layer. Shocked quartz grains are concentrated at the top of this layer, and although fern-spore and iridium concentrations are high in this layer, they reach their maximum concentrations in a 2-cm-thick carbonaceous claystone that overlies the boundary claystone layer. The evidence supports the theory that the K-T boundary event was associated with the impact of an extraterrestrial body or bodies. Palynological analyses of samples from the K-T boundary interval document extensive changes in the flora that resulted from the boundary event. The palynologically and geochemically defined K-T boundary provides a unique time-line of use in regional basin analysis.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0195-6671(92)90026-M","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., Brown, J.L., Attrep, M., and Orth, C.J., 1992, A new Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary locality in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming: Biological and geological implications: Cretaceous Research, v. 13, no. 1, p. 3-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6671(92)90026-M.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"western Powder River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.73512272902725,\n 44.968647289949615\n ],\n [\n -107.18966568341567,\n 44.968647289949615\n ],\n [\n -107.18966568341567,\n 42.77342548065519\n ],\n [\n -104.73512272902725,\n 42.77342548065519\n ],\n [\n -104.73512272902725,\n 44.968647289949615\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e498e4b0c8380cd46751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, J. L.","contributorId":102902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Attrep, M. Jr.","contributorId":30760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attrep","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orth, C. J.","contributorId":90034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207806,"text":"70207806 - 1992 - Allochthonous impact-shocked rocks and superimposed deformations at the Beaverhead site in southwest Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T15:05:10.62549","indexId":"70207806","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-14T12:31:10","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allochthonous impact-shocked rocks and superimposed deformations at the Beaverhead site in southwest Montana","docAbstract":"

Upward-pointing shatter cones in sandstones of uncertain age (Middle Proterozoic? to Lower Cambrian?) and older crystalline basement rocks are exposed over an area of approximately 25 × 8 km in southwestern Montana. These shatter cones, together with pseudotachylites and breccias of various types (particularly in basement gneisses), are inferred to be products of a meteorite or cometary impact. However, Late Cretaceous contraction and Tertiary extension have contributed to the structural complexity of the area, and distinguishing unequivocally the shock brecciation from that due to younger tectonism is difficult. Stratigraphic constraints suggest the structure is Late Proterozoic or Cambrian in age.

The shocked rocks are present in the Cabin thrust plate—one of many in the Late Cretaceous Cordilleran Thrust belt—and hence are allochthonous, having been transported tens of kilometers from the west. They are considered to represent only a piece from the central uplift of an original complex crater at least 75 km in diameter. It is speculated that some of the considerable uplift and erosion inferred to have taken place in Late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic time in east-central Idaho (The Lemhi arch) may be related to the postulated impact event. Furthermore, quasi-circular magnetic and regional gravity anomalies (50 to 75 km diameter) centered south-southeast of Challis, Idaho, may mark the concealed scar of the original impact structure.

","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE293-p225","usgsCitation":"Hargraves, R., Kellogg, K.S., Fiske, P., and Hougen, S., 1992, Allochthonous impact-shocked rocks and superimposed deformations at the Beaverhead site in southwest Montana: GSA Special Papers, v. 293, p. 225-235, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE293-p225.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Northern and central Beaverhead and Tendoy Mountains, southwestern Montana and eastern Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 43.8186748554532\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 43.8186748554532\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 43.8186748554532\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"293","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hargraves, R.B.","contributorId":84077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargraves","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S. 0000-0002-6536-9066 kkellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-9066","contributorId":1206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl","email":"kkellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiske, P.S.","contributorId":221653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiske","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hougen, S.B.","contributorId":221654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hougen","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70127607,"text":"70127607 - 1992 - Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-30T14:21:55","indexId":"70127607","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T14:11:13","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America","docAbstract":"

The number of subspecies recognized in Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot (Cliff Swallow) from Alaska, Canada, and the northern contiguous United States ranges from one (Peters 1960) to three (e.g., Jewett et al. 1953, Oberholser, 1920, breeding from central Alaska to the central Great Basin, and two disjunct populations of nominate pyrrhonota, breeding on the west coast and east of the Rocky Mountains. Although various authors have reported measurements of wing chord, they have not provided quantitative data for other plumage characters, and they disagree in the characterizations and ranges of the subspecies they recognize. Because of this, I reviewed the geographic variation among the northern populations.

\n
\n

My study is confined to specimens from Alaska, Canada, and the contigeous United States south to Merced County in California, both slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Montana and Colorado, and northern half of the eastern United States from Kansas east to Virginia (Figure 1). The A.O.U. (1957) gave the breeding range of hypopolia as extending from Alaska and Mackenzie to southeastern British Columbia, the eastern parts of Washington, Oregon, and central-eastern California, central Nevada, northern Utah, Montana, and northwestern Wyoming, and the range of nominate pyrhonota as from southwestern British Columbia, western Oregon and Washington to southern California, southern Nevada, southern and eastern Utag, and east of the Rocky Mountains. I excluded specimens of H. p. ganieri Phillips, 1986, a subspecies (Browning 1990) that breeds from at least west-central Tennessee to Texas, and H. p. tachina Oberholser, 1903 (sensu Phillips 1986), which breeds north to central California, Utah, Arizona, and new Mexico. I follow Phillips (1973) for the use of the generic name Hirundo for the Cliff Swallow, Hellmayr (1935) for the use of the specific name pyrrhonota.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Field Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"Del Mar, CA","usgsCitation":"Browning, M.R., 1992, Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America: Western Birds, v. 23, p. 21-29.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc637e4b0abfb4c8097fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M. Ralph","contributorId":8528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138224,"text":"70138224 - 1992 - Characteristics of a sandy depositional lobe on the outer Mississippi fan from SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T11:12:49","indexId":"70138224","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of a sandy depositional lobe on the outer Mississippi fan from SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images","docAbstract":"

SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images of the distal reaches of a depositional lobe on the Mississippi Fan show that channelized rather than unconfined transport was the dominant transport mechanism for coarse-grained sediment during the formation of this part of the deep-sea fan. Overbank sheet flow of sands was not an important process in the transport and deposition of the sandy and silty sediment found on this fan. The dendritic distributary pattern and the high order of splaying of the channels, only one of which appears to have been active at a time, suggest that coarse-grained deposits on this fan are laterally discontinuous.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0689:COASDL>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., Schwab, W.C., Nelson, C.H., Kenyon, N.H., and Lee, H., 1992, Characteristics of a sandy depositional lobe on the outer Mississippi fan from SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images: Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 689-692, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0689:COASDL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"692","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Fan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 23.926013033021192\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 23.926013033021192\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 23.926013033021192\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b54e4b08de9379b331d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, C. Hans","contributorId":34909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199491,"text":"70199491 - 1992 - Implications of morphological variation among populations of California roach Lavinia symmetricus (Cyprinidae) for conservation policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T11:47:50","indexId":"70199491","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T11:47:14","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of morphological variation among populations of California roach Lavinia symmetricus (Cyprinidae) for conservation policy","docAbstract":"

The California roach Lavinia symmetricus is a small cyprinid native to Central California. Populations of roach are presently isolated from one another due to degradation of stream habitats between them. We examined eight populations, each from a tributary system of the San Joaquin River, to determine if morphological differences existed among them. These tributaries are now isolated from one another by dams or areas of unsuitable habitat. We found significant differences among drainages for all of the characters studied. Discriminant analysis classified 70% of the individuals to the correct drainage. The differences were not clinal because adjacent drainages were not grouped together in discriminant space. The most distinct population was as different from a nearby population (36 stream km) as from populations from other more distant tributaries and could possibly merit subspecies status. These results suggest that each population has been isolated long enough to develop morphological adaptions to local environment conditions. With one exception, the differences among the populations were too small for formal taxonomic recognition but suggest that management should focus on preserving local populations throughout the species' range, rather than scattered populations in a few reserves. This policy would serve to protect the genetic diversity of California roach, local aquatic habitats, and other even more poorly known species.

","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(92)91146-J","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Moyle, P.B., Bennett, W.A., and Quelvog, B.D., 1992, Implications of morphological variation among populations of California roach Lavinia symmetricus (Cyprinidae) for conservation policy: Biological Conservation, v. 62, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(92)91146-J.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111ffae4b034bf6a81b686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, William A.","contributorId":88988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quelvog, Brian D.","contributorId":208004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quelvog","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138194,"text":"70138194 - 1992 - Seismic images of a Grenvillian terrane boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:01:14","indexId":"70138194","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic images of a Grenvillian terrane boundary","docAbstract":"

A series of gently dipping reflection zones extending to mid-crustal depths is recorded by seismic data from Lakes Ontario and Erie. These prominent reflection zones define a broad complex of southeast-dipping ductile thrust faults in the interior of the Grenville orogen. One major reflection zone provides the first image of a proposed Grenvillian suture—the listric boundary zone between allochthonous terranes of the Central Gneiss and Central Metasedimentary belts. Curvilinear bands of reflections that may represent \"ramp folds\" and \"ramp anticlines\" that originally formed in a deep crustal-scale duplex abut several faults. Vertical stacking of some curvilinear features suggests coeval or later out-of-sequence faulting of imbricated and folded thrust sheets. Grenvillian structure reflections are overlain by a thin, wedge-shaped package of shallow-dipping reflections that probably originates from sediments deposited in a local half graben developed during a period of post-Grenville extension. This is the first seismic evidence for such extension in this region, which could have occurred during terminal collapse of the Grenville orogen, or could have marked the beginning of pre-Appalachian continental rifting.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1027:SIOAGT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Milkereit, B., Forsyth, D.A., Green, A., Davidson, A., Hanmer, S., Hutchinson, D.R., Hinze, W.J., and Mereu, R., 1992, Seismic images of a Grenvillian terrane boundary: Geology, v. 20, no. 11, p. 1027-1030, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1027:SIOAGT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1030","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.95849609375,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -79.95849609375,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -79.95849609375,\n 41.85319643776675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c4ee4b08de9379b371c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milkereit, Bernd","contributorId":62752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milkereit","given":"Bernd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forsyth, D. A.","contributorId":55022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsyth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Alan G.","contributorId":80680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Alan G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davidson, A.","contributorId":38286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanmer, S.","contributorId":127679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanmer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hinze, W. J.","contributorId":52607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinze","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mereu, R.F.","contributorId":15678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mereu","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70243351,"text":"70243351 - 1992 - Partially melted granodiorite and related rocks ejected from Crater Lake caldera, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T15:43:11.190942","indexId":"70243351","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T10:35:03","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5770,"text":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partially melted granodiorite and related rocks ejected from Crater Lake caldera, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Blocks of medium-grained granodiorite to 4 m, and minor diabase, quartz diorite, granite, aplite and granophyre, are common in ejecta of the ∼6,900 yrBP calderaforming eruption of Mount Mazama. The blocks show degrees of melting from 0–50 vol%. Because very few have adhering juvenile magma, it is thought that the blocks are fragments of the Holocene magma chamber's walls. Primary crystallisation of granodiorite produced phenocrystic pl + hyp + aug + mt + il + ap + zc, followed by qz + hb + bt + alkali feldspar (af). Presence of fluid inclusions in all samples implies complete crystallisation before melting. Subsolidus exchange with meteoric hydrothermal fluids before melting is evident in δ18O values of −3·4+4·9‰ for quartz and plagioclase in partially melted granodiorites (fresh lavas from the region have δ18O values of +5·8−+7·0‰); δ18O values of unmelted granodiorites from preclimatic eruptive units suggest hydrothermal exchange began between ∼70 and 24 ka. Before eruption, the granitic rocks equilibrated at temperatures, estimated from Fe-Ti oxide compositions, of up to ∼1000°C for c. 102–104 years at a minimum pressure of 100-180 MPa. Heating caused progressive breakdown or dissolution of hb, af, bt, and qz, so that samples with the highest melt fractions have residual pl + qz and new or re-equilibrated af + hyp + aug + mt + il in high-silica rhyolitic glass (75-77% SiO2). Mineral compositions vary systematically with increasing temperature. Hornblende is absent in rocks with Fe-Ti oxide temperatures >870°C, and bt above 970°C. Oxygen isotope fractionation between qz, pl, and glass in partially fused granodiorite also is consistent with equilibration at T≥900°C (Δ18Oqz.pl = +0·7 ± 0·5‰). Element partitioning between glass and crystals reflects the large fraction of refractory pl, re-equilibration of af and isolation or incomplete dissolution of accessory phases. Ba and REE contents of analysed glass separates can be successfully modelled by observed degrees of partial melting of granodiorite, but Rb, Sr and Sc concentrations cannot. Several samples have veins of microlite-free glass 1–5 mm thick that are compositionally and physically continuous with intergranular melt and which apparently formed after the climactic eruption began. Whole-rock H2O content, microprobe glass analysis sums near 100% and evidence for high temperature suggest liquids in the hotter samples were nearly anhydrous. The occurrence of similar granodiorite blocks at all azimuths around the 8 × 10 km caldera implies derivation from one pluton. Compositional similarity between granodiorite and pre-Mazama rhyodacites suggests that the pluton may have crystallised as recently as 0·4 Ma; compositional data preclude crystallisation from the Holocene chamber. The history of crystallisation, hydrothermal alteration, and remelting of the granitic rocks may be characteristic of shallow igneous systems in which the balance between hydrothermal cooling and magmatic input changes repeatedly over intervals of 104-106 years.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300007732","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., 1992, Partially melted granodiorite and related rocks ejected from Crater Lake caldera, Oregon: Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 27-47, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300007732.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13760566049098,\n 42.90696619768107\n ],\n [\n -122.1224849496381,\n 42.909734964953174\n ],\n [\n -122.11222446727353,\n 42.90142829003196\n ],\n [\n -122.09224352793234,\n 42.90182387136207\n ],\n [\n -122.08576322328119,\n 42.906570649347316\n ],\n [\n -122.07334263936632,\n 42.90736174347748\n ],\n [\n -122.0679423854903,\n 42.91329462584088\n ],\n [\n -122.05768190312598,\n 42.92318149401794\n ],\n [\n -122.04580134459854,\n 42.93267139498096\n ],\n [\n -122.0501215476994,\n 42.94453171515221\n ],\n [\n -122.04310121766053,\n 42.95204206964834\n ],\n [\n -122.04418126843595,\n 42.96113232534424\n ],\n [\n -122.05552180157542,\n 42.96745518947486\n ],\n [\n -122.06902243626544,\n 42.97496274656825\n ],\n [\n -122.07226258859116,\n 42.98365456251537\n ],\n [\n -122.10466411184723,\n 42.97851863796396\n ],\n [\n -122.10790426417267,\n 42.98246938723648\n ],\n [\n -122.12734517812642,\n 42.98128418911077\n ],\n [\n -122.153806422119,\n 42.96745518947486\n ],\n [\n -122.1710872345222,\n 42.95322783132744\n ],\n [\n -122.1732473360725,\n 42.93108984635148\n ],\n [\n -122.16190680293303,\n 42.91527212638644\n ],\n [\n -122.13760566049098,\n 42.90696619768107\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162564,"text":"70162564 - 1992 - Tectonic framework of the Northern California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T15:39:39","indexId":"70162564","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic framework of the Northern California continental margin","docAbstract":"

The northern coast of California is one of the most seismically active regions in the continental United States. This activity is largely due to tectonic forces resulting from differing relative motions between three extensive lithospheric plates that meet in this region. These crustal plates are bounded by long fault systems-the Cascadia subduction zone, the San Andreas fault system, and the Mendocino fault- that accommodate these differences in plate motion and that are capable of periodically producing damaging earthquakes. Historic earthquake locations are concentrated in the victinity of the tectonically unstable intersection of these tthree plates and their bounding fault systems. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Clarke, S.H., 1992, Tectonic framework of the Northern California continental margin: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 23, no. 3, p. 94-100.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon; California","otherGeospatial":"Mendocino triple junction","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 43.20517581723733\n ],\n [\n -123.33251953125,\n 43.141078106345844\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -125.958251953125,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -127.452392578125,\n 39.095962936305504\n ],\n [\n -127.85888671875,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 43.20517581723733\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6cde4b0b28f1184dc18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, S. H. Jr.","contributorId":44913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162682,"text":"70162682 - 1992 - The Landers earthquake; preliminary instrumental results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T16:08:58","indexId":"70162682","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Landers earthquake; preliminary instrumental results","docAbstract":"

Early on the morning of June 28, 1992, millions of people in southern California were awakened by the largest earthquake to occur in the western United States in the past 40 yrs. At 4:58 a.m PDT (local time), faulting associated with the magnitude 7.3 earthquake broke through to earth's surface near the town of Landers, California. the surface rupture then propagated 70km (45 mi) to the north and northwest along a band of faults passing through the middle of the Mojave Desert. Fortunately, the strongest shaking occurred in uninhabited regions of the Mojave Desert. Still one child was killed in Yucca Valley, and about 400 people were injured in the surrounding area. the desert communities of Landers, Yucca Valley, and Joshua Tree in San Bernardino Country suffered considerable damage to buildings and roads. Damage to water and power lines caused problems in many areas. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Jones, L., Mori, J., and Hauksson, E., 1992, The Landers earthquake; preliminary instrumental results: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 23, no. 5, p. 200-208.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"208","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.55096435546875,\n 35.19850043580171\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -116.0870361328125,\n 34.068587174791965\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 34.00030430441023\n ],\n [\n -117.54272460937499,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -117.67181396484376,\n 35.19401151791166\n ],\n [\n -117.55096435546875,\n 35.19850043580171\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49d5e4b07ca61bfea603","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, L.","contributorId":26084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168555,"text":"70168555 - 1992 - Small explosions interrupt 3-year quiescence at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T16:52:50","indexId":"70168555","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small explosions interrupt 3-year quiescence at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"

On December 11, 1989, geologists working in the crater at Mount St. Helens discovered two thin layers of ash separated by fresh snow-clear evidence that at least two small explosions had occurred recently. The explosions were neither seen nor heard, but on December 7 scientists suspected that a small ash-producing explosion had occurred when seismometers near the volcano recorded a long explosion-like signal, and titlt and displacement meters showed minor deformation of the dome. There were no other large seismic signals to account for the second ash layer, which was most likely associated with one of several smaller signals in early December. The December ash-producing explosions were the first eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens since October 1986. 

\n

There have been at least five more ash-producing explosions since December 1989, all without recognized seismic or other geophysical precursors. The ash from these explosions appears to be pulverized pieces of dacite dome. The absence of glass shards in the ash suggests that no new magmatic material was ejected. Several of the explosions were accompanied by snow and rock avalanches, pyroclastic flows, ballistic showers, and debris flows. 

\n

These ash-producing explosions are part of a series of at least 28 explosion-like seismic events that began on August 24, 989. Seismic signals from these events resemble those associated with confirmed ash-producing explosions in April-May 1986. Yet not all of the 1989-1991 events produced ash plumes. Excellent visual observations during four of the events indicated that neither a steam nor ash plume was generated. There is little information about the other events because they occurred when the mountain was not visible, nor was there physical evidence of ashfall or surface changes when scientists visited the crater days to weeks alter. Considerable deformation of the north side of the dome occurred during the series of explosion-like seismic events. Sections of the dome slumped northward and two new vents were formed. However, monitoring the changes associated with individual events was often impossible because several key electronic-distance-meter (EDM) targets and tiltmeters were destroyed by the series of events. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Myers, B., 1992, Small explosions interrupt 3-year quiescence at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 23, no. 2, p. 58-73.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mt. St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 46.118941506107056\n ],\n [\n -122.00592041015626,\n 46.118941506107056\n ],\n [\n -122.00592041015626,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 46.118941506107056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6f947e4b0946c65240759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, B.","contributorId":167058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016685,"text":"70016685 - 1992 - Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T11:22:15.953259","indexId":"70016685","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution","docAbstract":"

Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Kuskokwim Group are exposed in a large region of southwestern Alaska and are mainly composed of deformed turbidite deposits that contain few fossils other than inoceramid bivalves. This paper documents the taxonomy of the inoceramids in the Kuskokwim Group, develops an inoceramid biostratigraphy based on known ranges in other regions, and analyzes biogeographic patterns, paleoecology, and depositional history of the Kuskokwim Group.

Most of the inoceramid bivalves present in the Kuskokwim Group are of Cenomanian and Turonian age, and an assemblage of species typical of late Turonian age rocks is particularly well developed. Only two localities appear to be as young as Santonian age. The following 16 species or subspecies are discussed and illustrated in detail: Birostrina tamurai Matsumoto and Noda, Inoceramus virgatus Schlüter, I. pennatulus Pergament, I. pictus minus Matsumoto, I. cf. I. yabei Nagao and Matsumoto, I.? sp. aff. I. costatus Nagao and Matsumoto, I. hobetsensis Nagao and Matsumoto, I. longealatus Tröger, I. frechi Flegel, I. waltersdorfensis waltersdorfensis Andert, I. cf. I. waltersdorfensis hannovrensis Heinz, I. kuskokwimensis n. sp., Mytiloides cf. M. opalensis (Böse), M. teraokai (Matsumoto and Noda), M. cf. M. incertus (Jimbo), and Sphenoceramus naumanni (Yokoyama). In addition, a specimen with affinities to Mytiloides striatoconcentricus carpathicus (Simionescu) and a specimen that may belong to the I. (Cremnoceramus?) rotundatus–I. (C.) erectus lineage are illustrated.

Most of the taxa present in the Kuskokwim region are found in other regions of the North Pacific, particularly Japan and eastern Siberia, or are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Only one species, I. kuskokwimensis n. sp., is new and may be endemic. North Pacific taxa are predominant in the Kuskokwim region, but intervals near the Cenomanian–Turonian Stage boundary and in the upper Turonian contain taxa characteristic of Europe and the Western Interior basin of North America; some of these taxa have not been recorded previously in the North Pacific region. Turonian heteromorph ammonite assemblages associated with inoceramids in the finer grained facies of the Kuskokwim region are similar to those found in coeval rocks of Japan and Germany.

The depositional area of the Kuskokwim Group can be broken into two northeast-trending subbasins, the Kuskokwim River subbasin to the northwest and the Mulchatna River subbasin to the southeast, connected by the Nushagak Hills corridor. Within the Kuskokwim River subbasin, deposition apparently started earlier in the north (middle Cenomanian) than in the south (late Cenomanian to early Turonian), and prograding deltaic sedimentation along the western margin also appears to have started earlier in the north. No marine fossils younger than latest Turonian to earliest Coniacian are known from the Kuskokwim River subbasin. The youngest fossils identified are Santonian in age and are from deep-water deposits in the Nushagak Hills corridor. Few fossils are known from the Mulchatna River subbasin and age control is limited.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000061400","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Elder, W., and Box, S.E., 1992, Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, no. 2 Suppl., 39 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000061400.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2 Suppl.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d5e4b0c8380cd66e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, W.P.","contributorId":65467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, S. E.","contributorId":38567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016990,"text":"70016990 - 1992 - Subglacial water flow inferred from stream measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T00:10:37.608025","indexId":"70016990","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subglacial water flow inferred from stream measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"

The subglacial drainage system of South Cascade Glacier is inferred by examining how discharges of water, solutes and artificial tracers in streams draining the glacier respond to meltwater and precipitation on the glacier surface. Results indicate that the glacier is divided into three (two large and one small) drainage basins, each drained by a single stream. The positions of drainage divides on the glacier surface do not always lie directly over those at the base of the glacier. Comparisons of water discharge and cation load in each of the two main streams indicate that subglacial hydraulic processes differ between drainage basins. One stream drains from a conduit that is isolated in its lower reach from the surrounding subglacial region and receives water routed englacially from the surface. The upper reach of the conduit also receives water routed englacially from the surface as well as from a distributed subglacial flow system. The other main stream drains from a conduit coupled to a debris layer beneath the glacier. Observations of the layer in natural ice tunnels indicate that the water may flow within a thin layer of debris. A one-dimensional model of flow through the debris layer can explain both the base-flow and diurnal variations of the second main stream.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S002214300000959X","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Fountain, A.G., 1992, Subglacial water flow inferred from stream measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA: Journal of Glaciology, v. 38, no. 128, p. 51-64, https://doi.org/10.3189/S002214300000959X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d15e4b08c986b31d629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016958,"text":"70016958 - 1992 - A relation among geology, tectonics, and velocity structure, western to central Nevada Basin and Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:37:23.22359","indexId":"70016958","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A relation among geology, tectonics, and velocity structure, western to central Nevada Basin and Range","docAbstract":"

In the northwestern to central Nevada Basin and Range, there are correlations between velocity and specific geologic structures of the crust. Mapped range-bounding faults at the surface can be traced to appreciable (10 km) depths based on velocity variations and are consistent with subsurface projections of the faults based on seismic reflection images. The limiting depth of the faults, as indicated by the velocity variations, corresponds to the maximum depth of earthquakes along the seismic profile. Correlations between velocity and the surface geology show that in the upper crust the pre-Cenozoic rocks are underlain by high-velocity (6.0 km/s) rocks, whereas the Tertiary ranges are underlain by lower-velocity (4.0-5.7 km/s) rocks to depths as great as 10 km. Although the Tertiary rocks differ in composition from the Mesozoic rocks, the lower-velocity Tertiary rocks may also be attributed to rock masses which are broken (4.0-5.7 km/s), and the higher-velocity Mesozoic rocks (6.0 km/s) may be attributed to largely unbroken rock masses. The regional seismicity pattern is consistent with this interpretation, as earthquakes are largely confined within or near the base of the low-velocity rocks. These low-velocity, highly fractured rocks are laterally distributed in discrete zones, suggesting that extension is not uniformly distributed but occurs in discrete, highly extended zones. Beneath these highly extended zones, the lower-crustal layers show structural evidence of extension, and velocity measurements suggest that the lowermost crust has been magmatically underplated. The superposition of Tertiary volcanic rocks, highly fractured upper crust, and lower-crustal magmatic underplating suggests that the Tertiary volcanic rocks originated from lower-crustal magmas that migrated to the surface via the highly extended zones. The velocity structure of one of the highly extended zones and the Lahonton Basin resembles that of many continental rifts. The velocity structure beneath central Nevada, however, is much more like normal continental crust. On the basis of isotopic studies, it is concluded that the transition between highly extended crust and more normal crust occurs in the area inferred to be the edge of the North American craton.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1178:ARAGTA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., 1992, A relation among geology, tectonics, and velocity structure, western to central Nevada Basin and Range: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 9, p. 1178-1192, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1178:ARAGTA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1178","endPage":"1192","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"104","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e545e4b0c8380cd46c59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016928,"text":"70016928 - 1992 - The Pearlette family ash beds in the Great Plains: Finding their identities and their roots in the Yellowstone country","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:34:24","indexId":"70016928","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pearlette family ash beds in the Great Plains: Finding their identities and their roots in the Yellowstone country","docAbstract":"For many years the numerous deposits of so-called 'Pearlette volcanic ash' in the Great Plains region of the United States were considered to be the remnants of the same volcanic event, and were used as a time-stratigraphic marker of probable Middle Pleistocene age. Although a few early workers had suggested that more than one air-fall event might be represented among the Pearlette occurrences, it was not until the latter half of the present century, after identification of volcanic ash beds by detailed chemical and mineralogical methods had been developed, that it could be established that the 'Pearlette family' of volcanic ashes included three ash beds of subtly differing characteristics. Development of isotopic methods of age determination has established that the ages of the three are significantly different (2.09, 1.29, and 0.60 Ma). The area of distribution of the Pearlette family ash beds was found to include not only the Great Plains, but also to extend across the Rocky Mountain and the Basin and Range provinces to the Pacific Ocean. The search for the sources of these three similar appearing ash beds, facilitated greatly by information gained from concurrent mapping projects underway in areas of major Late Cenozoic volcanic activity in western United States, ultimately led to the sites of the caldera-forming eruptions in the Yellowstone National Park region. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(92)90003-K","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, R., and Naeser, C.W., 1992, The Pearlette family ash beds in the Great Plains: Finding their identities and their roots in the Yellowstone country: Quaternary International, v. 13-14, no. C, p. 9-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90003-K.","startPage":"9","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270046,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90003-K"}],"volume":"13-14","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba87de4b08c986b321c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, R.E.","contributorId":107348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016924,"text":"70016924 - 1992 - Sampling design for spatially distributed hydrogeologic and environmental processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:25:04.145988","indexId":"70016924","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling design for spatially distributed hydrogeologic and environmental processes","docAbstract":"

A methodology for the design of sampling networks over space is proposed. The methodology is based on spatial random field representations of nonhomogeneous natural processes, and on optimal spatial estimation techniques. One of the most important results of random field theory for physical sciences is its rationalization of correlations in spatial variability of natural processes. This correlation is extremely important both for interpreting spatially distributed observations and for predictive performance. The extent of site sampling and the types of data to be collected will depend on the relationship of subsurface variability to predictive uncertainty. While hypothesis formulation and initial identification of spatial variability characteristics are based on scientific understanding (such as knowledge of the physics of the underlying phenomena, geological interpretations, intuition and experience), the support offered by field data is statistically modelled. This model is not limited by the geometric nature of sampling and covers a wide range in subsurface uncertainties. A factorization scheme of the sampling error variance is derived, which possesses certain atttactive properties allowing significant savings in computations. By means of this scheme, a practical sampling design procedure providing suitable indices of the sampling error variance is established. These indices can be used by way of multiobjective decision criteria to obtain the best sampling strategy. Neither the actual implementation of the in-situ sampling nor the solution of the large spatial estimation systems of equations are necessary. The required values of the accuracy parameters involved in the network design are derived using reference charts (readily available for various combinations of data configurations and spatial variability parameters) and certain simple yet accurate analytical formulas. Insight is gained by applying the proposed sampling procedure to realistic examples related to sampling problems in two dimensions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(92)90008-P","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., and Olea, R., 1992, Sampling design for spatially distributed hydrogeologic and environmental processes: Advances in Water Resources, v. 15, no. 4, p. 219-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(92)90008-P.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224858,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab079e4b0c8380cd87b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016896,"text":"70016896 - 1992 - Age and nature of the basement in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho: isotopic evidence from Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitoids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T00:19:55.863815","indexId":"70016896","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and nature of the basement in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho: isotopic evidence from Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitoids","docAbstract":"

K-feldspar Pb and whole rock Nd isotopic analyses from 25 Mesozoic and Cenozoic plutonic rocks and two gneisses from NE Washington and northern Idaho are used to elucidate the age and nature of the concealed cratonic basement. The plutons form two highly distinct isotopie groups: Group I (hornblende-biotite and two-mica plutons of all ages) have Pb isotopie compositions suggesting derivation from rocks of the Belt Supergroup or their metamorphosed equivalents, although Nd isotopie data can only support this model if there was a significant input of juvenile mantle-derived or ancient light REE-depleted material. Group II (hornblende-biotite of Eocene age) have highly retarded Pb isotopie compositions relative to the present day crustal average and require a source region with long-term U (and other LIL) depletion, characteristic of cratonic lower crust. A U-Pb zircon upper intercept age of ca. 2600 Ma obtained from one of the Group II samples, together with Sm-Nd data from the gneisses, indicates possible late-Archean crust at depth, which acted as a source region for Eocene extension-related plutonism. Isotopie compositions and apparent geochemical evolution do not support a direct correlation with the nearest exposed North American Craton in the Wyoming province. If it represents attenuated pre-Mesozoic craton, then it must have been accreted to the craton prior to development of the miogeocline in the Late Proterozoic. Alternatively, it may be part of the Cordilleria terrane accreted to the craton in the Early Cretaceous.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629622","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Whitehouse, M., Stacey, J.S., and Miller, F.K., 1992, Age and nature of the basement in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho: isotopic evidence from Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitoids: Journal of Geology, v. 100, no. 6, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.1086/629622.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8dee4b0c8380cd47f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehouse, M.J.","contributorId":87699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehouse","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016888,"text":"70016888 - 1992 - Evaluation of models proposed for the 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-24T11:10:48.796282","indexId":"70016888","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of models proposed for the 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field","docAbstract":"

The 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) comprises a definitive main-field model for 1985.0, amain-field model for 1990.0, and a forecast secular-variation model for the period 1990-1995. The five 1985.0 main-field models and five 1990.0 main-field models that were proposed have been evaluated by comparing them with one another, with magnetic observatory data, and with Project MAGNET aerial survey data. The three secular-variation models that were proposed have also been compared with one another, and with estimates of recent rates of change at the observatories. The comparisons indicate that the main-field models proposed by IZMIRAN, and the secular-variation model proposed jointly by the British Geological Survey and the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office, should be assigned relatively lower weight in the derivation of the new IGRF models.



","language":"English","publisher":"J-STAGE","doi":"10.5636/jgg.44.793","usgsCitation":"Peddie, N., 1992, Evaluation of models proposed for the 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field: Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity, v. 44, no. 9, p. 793-803, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.44.793.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"803","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.44.793","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c9ce4b0c8380cd52c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peddie, N.W.","contributorId":75911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peddie","given":"N.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016882,"text":"70016882 - 1992 - Wave-current interaction in the bottom boundary layer during storm and non-storm conditions: Observations and model predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T00:32:17.566978","indexId":"70016882","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-current interaction in the bottom boundary layer during storm and non-storm conditions: Observations and model predictions","docAbstract":"

Bottom boundary layer measurements of current velocity profiles and bed response under combined wave and current conditions were obtained at a water depth of 145 m on the shelf off central California during December 1988. High quality logarithmic current profiles, excellent time-series bottom photographs, and a large variation in the relative strengths of the wave-induced oscillatory currents and the quasi-steady low frequency currents provided a dataset that is ideal for examining the effects of wave-current interaction near a rough boundary. During one period of 3 days that included a brief storm event, the wave-induced bottom currents (Ub 1 10) ranged from 2.3 to 22 cm s-1 and the steady currents (Ur) ranged from 1.8 to 28.1 cm s-1 at 0.18 m above the bottom; the ratio Ub U18 varied from below 0.2 to more than 7. Velocity profiles were highly logarithmic (R2 > 0.95) 60% of the time and 27 profiles collected at 2-h intervals had R2 {slanted equal to or greater-than} 0.994 which allowed reliable estimates of the current shear velocity (U*c) and roughness length (zoc). Mean U*c values had magnitudes of 0.3-2.4 cm s-1 and zoc, which ranged from 0.04 to 3.5 cm, was strongly correlated to the Ub U18 ratio. Drag coefficients (CD = ??c/??U1002) ranged from about 2.5 ?? 10-3-12 ?? 10-3 in direct response to the wave-current variation; the use of a constant CD of 3 ?? 10-3 for steady flow over a rough bed would have underpredicted the shear stress by up to four times during the storm event. The large zoc and U*c values cannot be explained by changes in the carefully-observed, small (<1 cm) physical bed roughness elements that covered the mud-rich study site. A side-scan sonar site survey also eliminated the possibility of flow disturbance by larger upstream topography. The observations clearly demonstrate the importance of wave-current interaction near a rough boundary. Comparison of the observations with results of the combined flow models of Grant and Madsen and Glenn show the models provide good predictions of U*c and zoc when the waves are characterized by either H 1 3 or H 1 10.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(92)90058-R","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., and Cacchione, D., 1992, Wave-current interaction in the bottom boundary layer during storm and non-storm conditions: Observations and model predictions: Continental Shelf Research, v. 12, no. 12, p. 1331-1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(92)90058-R.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1352","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf99e4b08c986b32e9c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016876,"text":"70016876 - 1992 - New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T07:49:38","indexId":"70016876","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands","docAbstract":"A new method is proposed that combines records for several streamflow-gaging stations, as in the station-year approach, and produces regional flood-frequency relations using an iterative regression technique. This technique eliminates the need to extrapolate the flood-frequency relation to the flood probability of interest. The resulting multiparameter regional flood-frequency relation is based on all the available annual peak-flow data. The method was applied to a group of records from 42 gaging stations in Nevada with many years of no flow and with many poorly defined flood-frquency relations. One- and two-parameter models were developed in which much of the variance in peak discharge is explained by drainage area. The log-Pearson type III and Weibull probability distributions were used in the models. Part of the error is directly assessed using randomly selected subsamples of the annual peak discharges. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868)","usgsCitation":"Hjalmarson, H., and Thomas, B.E., 1992, New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 118, no. 6, p. 868-886, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868).","startPage":"868","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269427,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868)"},{"id":224855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e3e4b0c8380cd72c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hjalmarson, H. W.","contributorId":95872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjalmarson","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, B. E.","contributorId":90767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016862,"text":"70016862 - 1992 - Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T14:35:46.259299","indexId":"70016862","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":941,"text":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions","docAbstract":"

Platinum‐group element minerals (PGM) occur in significant proportions in placer deposits in several localities in South Kalimantan. They consist of Pt‐Fe alloy that may be intergrown with or contain inclusions of Ir‐Os‐Ru alloy, laurite and chromite. Alluvial PGM found along Sungai Tambanio are in part derived from chromitite schlieren in dunitic bodies intruded into clinopyroxene cumulates that may be part of an Alaskan‐type ultramafic complex. A chromitite schlieren in serpentinite from one of these dunitic bodies is anomalous in PGE (Pt: 580 ppb; Pd: 3.4 ppb; Rh: 1 ppb; Ru: 9 ppb; Ir: 21 ppb; and Os: 3.9 ppb). The chondrite‐normalized PGE pattern for this rock, pan concentrates from this area, and PGM concentrates from diamond‐Au‐PGM placer deposits have an ‘M'‐shaped pattern enriched in Ir and Pt that is typical of PGE‐mineralization associated with Alaskan‐type ultramafic complexes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/08120099208728033","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Pardiarto, B., Simandjuntak, H.R., Wikrama, A., Oscarson, R.L., Meier, A.L., and Carlson, R.R., 1992, Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 39, no. 3, p. 405-417, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099208728033.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"405","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","state":"South Kalimantan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 114.65945835600536,\n -4.2368231340230835\n ],\n [\n 115.59459857259452,\n -3.815204863732106\n ],\n [\n 115.74781363632894,\n -2.892224665820109\n ],\n [\n 115.087403878852,\n -2.739194623430407\n ],\n [\n 114.54850951674905,\n -3.5410405620093997\n ],\n [\n 114.6119088534673,\n -4.226285382436345\n ],\n [\n 114.66474163406554,\n -4.2526294920889285\n ],\n [\n 114.65945835600536,\n -4.2526294920889285\n ],\n [\n 114.65945835600536,\n -4.2368231340230835\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b89e4b0c8380cd794cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardiarto, B.","contributorId":302915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pardiarto","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simandjuntak, H. R. W.","contributorId":302916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simandjuntak","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wikrama, A.","contributorId":302917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wikrama","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":865825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":302918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carlson, R. R.","contributorId":75918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}