Satellite radiotelemetry is a useful method of tracking movements of animals that travel long distances or inhabit remote areas. However, the logistical constraints that encourage the use of satellite telemetry also inhibit efforts to assess accuracy of the resulting data. To investigate effectiveness of methods that might be used to improve the reliability of these data, we compared 3 sets of criteria designed to select the most plausible locations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) that were tracked using satellite radiotelemetry in the Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara seas during 1988-93. We also evaluated several indices of location accuracy. Our results suggested that, although indices could provide information useful in evaluating location accuracy, no index or set of criteria was sufficient to identify all the implausible locations. Thus, it was necessary to examine the data and make subjective decisions about which locations to accept or reject. However, by using a formal set of selection criteria, we simplified the task of evaluating locations and ensured that decisions were made consistently. This approach also enabled us to evaluate biases that may be introduced by the criteria used to identify location errors. For our study, the best set of selection criteria comprised: (1) rejecting locations for which the distance to the nearest other point from the same day was >50 km; (2) determining the highest accuracy code (NLOC) for a particular day and rejecting locations from that day with lesser values; and (3) from the remaining locations for each day, selecting the location closest to the location chosen for the previous transmission period. Although our selection criteria seemed unlikely to bias studies of habitat use or geographic distribution, basing selection decisions on distances between points might bias studies of movement rates or distances. It is unlikely that any set of criteria will be best for all situations; to make efficient use of data and minimize bias, these rules must be tailored to specific study objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Arthur, S.M., Garner, G.W., and Olson, T.L., 1998, Identifying and mitigating errors in satellite telemetry of polar bears: Ursus, v. 10, p. 413-419.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"419","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol9_20","text":"Volume 10 on Journal's Website"}],"volume":"10","publicComments":"This volume is titled \"A selection of papers from the Tenth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 1995, and Mora, Sweden, September 1995.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba425e4b0849ce97dc7c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, Stephen M.","contributorId":189438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Tamara L.","contributorId":29971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020145,"text":"70020145 - 1998 - Bayesian statistics applied to the location of the source of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:26:26.099095","indexId":"70020145","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian statistics applied to the location of the source of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy","docAbstract":"We present a method for determining the location and spatial extent of the source of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, based on a Bayesian inversion of the slowness vector derived from frequency-slowness analyses of array data. The method searches for source locations that minimize the error between the expected and observed slowness vectors. For a given set of model parameters, the conditional probability density function of slowness vectors is approximated by a Gaussian distribution of expected errors. The method is tested with synthetics using a five-layer velocity model derived for the north flank of Stromboli and a smoothed velocity model derived from a power-law approximation of the layered structure. Application to data from Stromboli allows for a detailed examination of uncertainties in source location due to experimental errors and incomplete knowledge of the Earth model. Although the solutions are not constrained in the radial direction, excellent resolution is achieved in both transverse and depth directions. Under the assumption that the horizontal extent of the source does not exceed the crater dimension, the 90% confidence region in the estimate of the explosive source location corresponds to a small volume extending from a depth of about 100 m to a maximum depth of about 300 m beneath the active vents, with a maximum likelihood source region located in the 120- to 180-m-depth interval.
As the result of a pipeline burst, a body of light aliphatic crude oil floats atop the groundwater in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer in a remote area outside Bemidji, Minnesota. Biodegradation has resulted in the formation of a plume of DOC downgradient from the oil body. Groundwater has also been contaminated in an area known as the spray zone, from vertical infiltration of DOC resulting from biodegradation of crude oil in the overlying unsaturated zone. The majority of DOC in the contaminated groundwater is in the form of nonvolatile organic acids (NVOA's) which represent the partial oxidation products of the crude oil constituents. The NVOA's have been classified into three fractions according to their isolation on XAD resins: hydrophobic neutrals (HPO-N), hydrophobic acids (HPO-A) and hydrophilic acids (HPI-A). These fractions of NVOA's were isolated from a well downgradient from the oil body (well 530; DOC=21 mg C/l), from a well in the spray zone (well 603; DOC=15 mg C/l) and from an uncontaminated well upgradient of the oil body where the naturally occurring DOC is 2.9 mg C/l (well 310). The three sets of NVOA's were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, 14C ages and liquid phase 1H and 13C NMR. The crude oil and the saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene fractions of the crude oil were similarly analyzed by elemental analysis and NMR. The NVOA's from the contaminated wells were clearly distinguishable from the naturally occurring groundwater DOC. Based upon molecular weights, sulfur contents, aromaticities and the presence of methyl groups bonded to aromatic rings, the characterization data suggests that the NVOA's originate from the C18 or greater alkylaromatic, naphthenoaromatic and sulfur-containing constituents of the crude oil, including possibly the resins and asphaltenes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00167-3","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Aiken, G., 1998, Biodegradation of crude oil into nonvolatile organic acids in a contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota: Organic Geochemistry, v. 29, no. 4, p. 909-931, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00167-3.","productDescription":"23 p. ","startPage":"909","endPage":"931","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.998779296875,\n 47.342545069660225\n ],\n [\n -94.6966552734375,\n 47.342545069660225\n ],\n [\n -94.6966552734375,\n 47.589494110887394\n ],\n [\n -94.998779296875,\n 47.589494110887394\n ],\n [\n -94.998779296875,\n 47.342545069660225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59fe4b0849ce97f0cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020630,"text":"70020630 - 1998 - Status and trends of the ashy storm-petrel on Southeast Farallon Island, California, based upon capture-recapture analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:39:06.832242","indexId":"70020630","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and trends of the ashy storm-petrel on Southeast Farallon Island, California, based upon capture-recapture analyses","docAbstract":"We conducted a capture-recapture study on the population size and trends of the Ashy Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa) on Southeast Farallon Island (SEFI), California, based upon data collected in 1971, 1972, and 1992. From March through August, birds were lured to fixed-site sampling locations using taped vocalization playback. Using program JOLLY, we estimated population size and evaluated statistical models using goodness-of-fit and Likelihood Ratio tests. On the southwestern slope of Lighthouse Hill, amidst prime breeding habitat, numbers of breeding birds decreased from 1,271 ± 140 (x ± SE) in 1972 to 710 ± 117 in 1992, a decline of 44% (approximate 95% CI = 22-66% decline; λ = -2.8% per annum); for a variety of reasons, we consider this to be the most reliable indicator of population change. In 1971, on a portion of SEFI relatively disjunct from the sampling area in 1972, 2,131 ± 322 breeding birds were estimated. To produce an overall early 1970s estimate with which to compare to 1992, we summed population estimates from 1971 and 1972. An overall value of 6,461 birds, of which 3,402 (53%) were breeders, was obtained for the early period. In 1992, the overall population in roughly the same area was estimated at 4,284 ± 409 birds, of which 1,990 ± 408 (46%) were presumed breeders. These results, encompassing peripheral as well as more centrally located storm-petrel habitat, indicate an overall population decline of 34% and a comparable decline in breeding birds of 42% over the past two decades. However, oceanographic conditions varied between 1971-1972 and 1992, and reduced food availability in 1992 may have influenced colony attendance and breeding effort. Nonetheless, the apparent population decline over the past 20 years suggests that the species warrants management and/or additional protective status.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369709","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Sydeman, W., Nur, N., Mclaren, E., and McChesney, G., 1998, Status and trends of the ashy storm-petrel on Southeast Farallon Island, California, based upon capture-recapture analyses: Condor, v. 100, no. 3, p. 438-447, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369709.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"447","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489814,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369709","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9797e4b08c986b31bb5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sydeman, W.J.","contributorId":95831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sydeman","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nur, N.","contributorId":13576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nur","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mclaren, E.B.","contributorId":79663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mclaren","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McChesney, G.J.","contributorId":20936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McChesney","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26774,"text":"wri984124 - 1998 - Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish liver at selected sites in the Upper Colorado River basin, Colorado 1995-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T18:57:04.654908","indexId":"wri984124","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4124","title":"Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish liver at selected sites in the Upper Colorado River basin, Colorado 1995-96","docAbstract":"Trace elements were analyzed in streambed-sediment samples collected from 16 sites and in fish-liver samples collected from 14 sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment program. Sites sampled represented agricultural, mining, mixed, and urban/recreation land uses and background conditions. The results for 15 trace elements in streambed-sediment and in fish-liver samples are presented in this report. Fourteen of the selected trace elements were detected in streambed-sediment samples collected at all sites. Twelve of the selected trace elements were detected in fish liver at more than 50 percent of the sites. Cadmium, copper, selenium, and zinc were selected for a more detailed analysis. Cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations in streambed sediment were highest at mining land-use sites in the Southern Rocky Mountains physiographic province. Selenium concentrations in streambed sediment were highest at an agricultural land-use site in the Colorado Plateau physiographic province. The concentration of trace elements in streambed sediment generally increased as particle size decreased. Concentrations of trace elements in fish liver generally did not follow the same relation to land use as concentrations in streambed sediment; however, cadmium concentrations in fish liver were highest at a mining land-use site in the Southern Rocky Mountains physiographic province, and selenium concentrations in fish liver were highest at an agricultural land-use site in the Colorado Plateau physiographic province. Copper and zinc concentrations in fish liver were highest at mixed land-use sites. Comparison of streambed-sediment and fish-liver concentrations to two other similar NAWQA studies in the Rocky Mountain region generally indicated similar patterns in relation to land use for streambed sediment, but not for fish liver. Cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations in streambed sediment were highest at sites affected by mining in all three study units. Selenium concentrations in streambed sediment did not indicate relations among the three study units when compared to land use. Cadmium in fish liver was highest at sites affected by mining in all three study units. Copper, selenium, and zinc in fish liver did not indicate relations among the three study units when compared to land use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984124","usgsCitation":"Deacon, J.R., and Stephens, V., 1998, Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish liver at selected sites in the Upper Colorado River basin, Colorado 1995-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4124, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984124.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415280,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48986.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2079,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri98-4124","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.0583,\n 40.3833\n ],\n [\n -109.0583,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 40.3833\n ],\n [\n -109.0583,\n 40.3833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4893e4b07f02db520e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deacon, J. R.","contributorId":67110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, V. C.","contributorId":46569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"V. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020490,"text":"70020490 - 1998 - Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:04:05.974685","indexId":"70020490","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography","docAbstract":"Recent global travel time tomography studies by Zhou [1996] and van der Hilst et al. [1997] have been performed with cell parameterizations of the order of those frequently used in regional tomography studies (i.e., with cell sizes of 1°–2°). These new global models constitute a considerable improvement over previous results that were obtained with rather coarse parameterizations (5° cells). The inferred structures are, however, of larger scale than is usually obtained in regional models, and it is not clear where and if individual cells are actually resolved. This study aims at resolving lateral heterogeneity on scales as small as 0.6° in the upper mantle and 1.2°–3° in the lower mantle. This allows for the adequate mapping of expected small-scale structures induced by, for example, lithosphere subduction, deep mantle upwellings, and mid-ocean ridges. There are three major contributions that allow for this advancement. First, we employ an irregular grid of nonoverlapping cells adapted to the heterogeneous sampling of the Earth's mantle by seismic waves [Spakman and Bijwaard, 1998]. Second, we exploit the global data set of Engdahl et al. [1998], which is a reprocessed version of the global data set of the International Seismological Centre. Their reprocessing included hypocenter redetermination and phase reidentification. Finally, we combine all data used (P, pP, and pwP phases) into nearly 5 million ray bundles with a limited spatial extent such that averaging over large mantle volumes is prevented while the signal-to-noise ratio is improved. In the approximate solution of the huge inverse problem we obtain a variance reduction of 57.1%. Synthetic sensitivity tests indicate horizontal resolution on the scale of the smallest cells (0.6° or 1.2°) in the shallow parts of subduction zones decreasing to approximately 2°–3° resolution in well-sampled regions in the lower mantle. Vertical resolution can be worse (up to several hundreds of kilometers) in subduction zones with rays predominantly pointing along dip. Important features of the solution are as follows: 100–200 km thick high-velocity slabs beneath all major subduction zones, sometimes flattening in the transition zone and sometimes directly penetrating into the lower mantle; large high-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle that have been attributed to subduction of the Tethys ocean and the Farallon plate; and low-velocity anomalies continuing across the 660 km discontinuity to hotspots at the surface under Iceland, east Africa, the Canary Islands, Yellowstone, and the Society Islands. Our findings corroborate that the 660 km boundary may resist but not prevent (present day) large-scale mass transfer from upper to lower mantle or vice versa. This observation confirms the results of previous, global mantle studies that employed coarser parameterizations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02467","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bijwaard, H., Spakman, W., and Engdahl, E., 1998, Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B12, p. 30055-30078, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02467.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"30055","endPage":"30078","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f674e4b0c8380cd4c78c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bijwaard, H.","contributorId":16187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bijwaard","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spakman, W.","contributorId":92428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spakman","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engdahl, E.R.","contributorId":22906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182025,"text":"70182025 - 1998 - Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (Canis lupus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T09:58:00","indexId":"70182025","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (Canis lupus)","docAbstract":"Cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy are normal physiologic responses to repetitive endurance exercise activity in human beings and domestic dogs. Whether similar changes occur in wild animals as a consequence of increased activity is unknown. We found that free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus, n=11), the archetypical endurance athlete, have electrocardiographic evidence of cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy relative to sedentary captive gray wolves (n=20), as demonstrated by significant increases in QRS duration, QT interval, and QT interval corrected for heart rate, a tendency towards increased Q, R, and S wave voltages in all leads, and a significant decrease in heart rate. We conclude that exercise activity level and therefore lifestyle affects physiologic variables in wild animals. An immediate consequence of this finding is that physiologic measurements obtained from a captive wild-animal population with reduced exercise activity level may not accurately reflect the normal physiologic state for free-ranging members of the same species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10066-1","usgsCitation":"Constable, P., Hinchcliff, K., Demma, N., Callahan, M., Dale, B.W., Fox, K., Adams, L., Wack, R., and Kramer, L., 1998, Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (Canis lupus): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, v. 120, no. 3, p. 557-563, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10066-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"563","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57702e4b057081a24ee65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constable, Peter","contributorId":40954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinchcliff, Ken","contributorId":67479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinchcliff","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demma, Nick","contributorId":105682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demma","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callahan, Margaret","contributorId":16317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, Kevin","contributorId":12828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13670,"text":"National Park Service, Denali National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wack, Ray","contributorId":70355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wack","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kramer, Lynn","contributorId":181741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70184435,"text":"70184435 - 1998 - Sexual attitudes at northern latitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T15:01:58","indexId":"70184435","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2825,"text":"Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual attitudes at northern latitudes","docAbstract":"Spreading his wings to reveal their pearly white undersides, the male buff-breasted sandpiper tilted his head to the sky, puffed out his chest, and uttered a series of soft \"tick-ticks.” He then proceeded to stamp his feet and vibrate his wings as if the ground were quaking beneath him. Soon, three females, attracted by this courtship display, entered the curve of his embracing wings. They then spread their own wings and turned so their backs were against his chest, each jostling for the position closest to him. Just when mating seemed inevitable, a neighboring male rushed into the group, forcing all the birds into the air.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Museum of Natural History","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., 1998, Sexual attitudes at northern latitudes: Natural History, v. 107, no. 6, p. 72-75.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"75","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12663e4b014cc3a3d3519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194348,"text":"70194348 - 1998 - Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and mercury in Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs from the Upper Volga River, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-26T23:14:09","indexId":"70194348","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and mercury in Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs from the Upper Volga River, Russia","title":"Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and mercury in Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs from the Upper Volga River, Russia","docAbstract":"The Osprey population associated with Darwin Nature Reserve and the Rybinsk Reservoir increased from only a few pairs prior to the creation of the reservoir in the late 1940s , to about 45-50 pairs in 1994. Productivity rates were excellent in 1988 and 1989 (1.38 young/occupied nest), but extremely low in 1987 (0.47 young/occupied nest). A chemical spill into the Volga River in early 1987 resulted in a massive fish kill, which was believed responsible for low production that year. With the exception of the year of the chemical spill and 1992 (the year an egg was collected from 10 of 11 nests studied), production was comparable to rates observed in stable or increasing populations in Byelorussia, Finland, and Sweden. The p.p'-DDE (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and mercury concentrations from eggs collected in 1992 were below known effect levels and eggshell thickness showed only 6.3 % thinning - an amount not associated with reproductive problems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holarctic birds of prey: Proceedings of an international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Holarctic Birds of Prey and Owls","conferenceDate":"17-22 April, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Merida, Spain","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls","isbn":"9788460573982","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Galushin, V., and Kuznetsov, A., 1998, Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and mercury in Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs from the Upper Volga River, Russia, in Holarctic birds of prey: Proceedings of an international conference, Merida, Spain, 17-22 April, 1995, p. 525-534.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"534","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.raptors-international.org/book/book_holarctic_birds_of_prey_1998.html"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Upper Volga River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612734e4b06e28e9c25cdf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Meyburg, B.-U.","contributorId":76038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyburg","given":"B.-U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723417,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chancellor, R.D.","contributorId":113487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chancellor","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrero, J.J.","contributorId":607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrero","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723419,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galushin, V.M.","contributorId":83069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galushin","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuznetsov, A.V.","contributorId":145469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuznetsov","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194374,"text":"70194374 - 1998 - Assessment of air quality and air pollutant impacts in national parks of the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T12:39:48","indexId":"70194374","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Assessment of air quality and air pollutant impacts in national parks of the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Proterozoic diabase of the Dripping Spring range occurs as sills in the Proterozoic Apache Group and the Troy Quartzite and as intrustive sheets in basement rocks. The aggregate thickness of the diabase sills and intrusive sheets averages about 450 m in the part of the range showing little mid-Tertiary extension. Laramide alteration is of two types, dominated by chlorite and actinolite, respectively, and formed mostly from clinopyroxene. Actinolite-dominated assemblages are higher in Na and Ca. Hydrothermal biotite is common in the central areas of both alteration types. Laramide alteration forms two distribution patterns: a subsequent pattern centered on Laramide intrusions and small porphyry deposits, characterized by actinolitic alteration, and a more extensive branching linear pattern that follows Laramide structures, centered on the larger Ray porphyry deposit, extending toward other Laramide districts and showing both alteration types. Alteration has apparently mobilized copper and other metals from diabase. The freshest diabase samples average about 120 ppm copper with little variation. In chloritic alteration, about 100 ppm of this copper is expelled in the most completely altered rocks. In actinolitic alteration, diabase may either gain or lose copper during alteration. Chloritic alteration constitutes roughly 70 percent of the diabase alteration in the study area, where alteration averages 41 percent complete. This implies liberation of about 9X10 6 tons (t) copper from diabase alteration, significantly less than the 16X10 6 t copper in Laramide mineral deposits of the superdistrict Ray, Superior. Chilito. Christmas. However, diabase alteration may have been a significant component of the supply of copper to the Laramide mineral districts of the area. Synmineral magmatic sources of copper are not documented in this area. The distribution of Proterozoic diabase coincides with the central part of the southeastern Arizona copper province, which may thus owe much copper availability to an unusual abundance of diabase. However, many unanswered questions remain about metal supply from altering diabase.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.93.2.171","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., 1998, Laramide alteration of proterozoic diabase: A likely contributor of copper to porphyry systems in the dripping spring mountains area, Southeastern Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 93, no. 2, p. 171-183, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.93.2.171.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4471e4b0c8380cd66af5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020266,"text":"70020266 - 1998 - Seismic structure of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and accretionary prism north of the Mendocino triple junction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:13:27.796463","indexId":"70020266","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic structure of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and accretionary prism north of the Mendocino triple junction","docAbstract":"Four multichannel-seismic reflection profiles, collected as part of the Mendocino triple junction seismic experiment, image the toe of the southern Cascadia accretionary prism. Today, 250–600 m of sediment is subducting with the Gorda plate, and 1500–3200 m is accreting to the northern California margin. Faults imaged west and east of the deformation front show mixed structural vergence. A north-south trending, 20 km long portion of the central margin is landward vergent for the outer 6–8 km of the toe of the prism. This region of landward vergence exhibits no frontal thrust, is unusually steep and narrow, and is likely caused by a seaward-dipping backstop close to the deformation front. The lack of margin-wide preferred seaward vergence and wedge-taper analysis suggests the prism has low basal shear stress. The three southern lines image wedge-shaped fragments of oceanic crust 1.1–7.3 km in width and 250–700 m thick near the deformation front. These wedges suggest shortening and thickening of the upper oceanic crust. Discontinuities in the seafloor west of the prism provide evidence for mass wasting in the form of slump blocks and debris fans. The southernmost profile extends 75 km west of the prism imaging numerous faults that offset both the Gorda basin oceanic crust and overlying sediments. These high-angle faults, bounding basement highs, are interpreted as strike-slip faults reactivating structures originally formed at the spreading ridge. Northeast or northwest trending strike-slip faults within the basin are consistent with published focal mechanism solutions and are likely caused by north-south Gorda-Pacific plate convergence.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02526","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gulick, S., Meltzer, A., and Clarke, S.H., 1998, Seismic structure of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and accretionary prism north of the Mendocino triple junction: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B11, p. 27207-27222, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02526.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"27207","endPage":"27222","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02526","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b68e4b08c986b3177e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulick, S.P.S.","contributorId":75791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulick","given":"S.P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meltzer, A.M.","contributorId":50420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meltzer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, S. H. Jr.","contributorId":44913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016202,"text":"1016202 - 1998 - Influence of habitat on behavior of Towndsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T11:20:20.034954","indexId":"1016202","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of habitat on behavior of Towndsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii)","docAbstract":"Trade-offs between foraging and predator avoidance may affect an animal's survival and reproduction. These trade-offs may be influenced by differences in vegetative cover, especially if foraging profitability and predation risk differ among habitats. We examined above-ground activity of Townsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii) in four habitats in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in southwestern Idaho to determine if behavior of ground squirrels varied among habitats, and we assessed factors that might affect perceived predation risk (i.e. predator detectability, predation pressure, population density). The proportion of time spent in vigilance by ground squirrels in winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata) and mosaic habitats of winterfat-sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) was more than twice that of ground squirrels in burned and unburned sagebrush habitats. We found no evidence for the “many-eyes” hypothesis as an explanation for differences in vigilance among habitats. Instead, environmental heterogeneity, especially vegetation structure, likely influenced activity budgets of ground squirrels. Differences in vigilance may have been caused by differences in predator detectability and refuge availability, because ground squirrels in the winterfat and mosaic habitats also spent more time in upright vigilant postures than ground squirrels in burned-sagebrush or sagebrush habitats. Such postures may enhance predator detection in low-growing winterfat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1383098","usgsCitation":"Sharpe, P., and Van Horne, B., 1998, Influence of habitat on behavior of Towndsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 79, no. 3, p. 906-918, https://doi.org/10.2307/1383098.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"918","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharpe, Peter B.","contributorId":93451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Peter B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Horne, Beatrice","contributorId":59001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Horne","given":"Beatrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016571,"text":"1016571 - 1998 - [Book review] The tallgrass restoration handbook: For prairies, savannas, and woodlands, by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:12:36","indexId":"1016571","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] The tallgrass restoration handbook: For prairies, savannas, and woodlands, by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel","docAbstract":"The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook: For Prairies, Savannas, and Woodlands edited by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Center for Great Plains Studies","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NE","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1998, [Book review] The tallgrass restoration handbook: For prairies, savannas, and woodlands, by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel: Great Plains Research, v. 8, no. 2, p. 339-341.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"341","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268118,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/404/"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016022,"text":"1016022 - 1998 - Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T15:40:04","indexId":"1016022","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin","docAbstract":"Broad-scale avian surveys have been attempted within North America with mixed results. Arid regions, such as the Great Basin, are often poorly sampled because of the vastness of the region, inaccessibility of sites, and few ornithologists. In addition, extreme variability in wetland habitat conditions present special problems for conducting censuses of species inhabiting these areas. We examined these issues in assessing multi-scale shorebird (order: Charadriiformes) censuses conducted in the western Great Basin from 1992-1997. On ground surveys, we recorded 31 species of shorebirds, but were unable to accurately estimate population size. Conversely, on aerial surveys we were able to estimate regional abundance of some shorebirds, but were unable to determine species diversity. Aerial surveys of three large alkali lakes in Oregon (Goose, Summer, and Abert Lakes) revealed > 300,000 shorebirds in one year of this study, of which 67% were American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and 30% phalaropes (Phalaropus spp.). These lakes clearly meet Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network guidelines for designation as important shorebird sites. Based upon simulations of our monitoring effort and the magnitude and variation of numbers of American Avocets, detection of S-10% negative declines in populations of these birds would take a minimum of 7-23 years of comparable effort. We conclude that a combination of ground and aerial surveys must be conducted at multiple sites and years and over a large region to obtain an accurate picture of the diversity, abundance, and trends of shorebirds in the western Great Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369741","usgsCitation":"Warnock, N., Haig, S.M., and Oring, L.W., 1998, Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin: The Condor, v. 100, no. 4, p. 589-600, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369741.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"600","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oring, Lewis W.","contributorId":16757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003913,"text":"1003913 - 1998 - Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T09:57:31","indexId":"1003913","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":734,"text":"American Journal of Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles","docAbstract":"Objective - To identify and characterize blood cells from free-ranging Hawaiian green turtles, Chelonia mydas.
Sample Population - 26 green turtles from Puako on the island of Hawaii and Kaneohe Bay on the island of Oahu.
Procedure - Blood was examined, using light and electron microscopy and cytochemical stains that included benzidine peroxidase, chloroacetate esterase, alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, Sudan black B, periodic acid-Schiff, and toluidine blue.
Results - 6 types of WBC were identified: lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils, basophils, and eosinophils (small and large). Morphologic characteristics of mononuclear cells and most granulocytes were similar to those of cells from other reptiles except that green turtles have both large and small eosinophils.
Conclusions - Our classification of green turtle blood cells clarifies imporoper nomenclature reported previously and provides a reference for future hematologic studies in this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Veterinary Research","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Raskin, R., Balazs, G.H., and Whittaker, S., 1998, Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles: American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 59, no. 10, p. 1252-1257.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1252","endPage":"1257","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.91127395629883,\n 19.88975449735643\n ],\n [\n -155.90337753295898,\n 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R.E.","contributorId":71150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raskin","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balazs, George H.","contributorId":127680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balazs","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7109,"text":"NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI 96818.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":314639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whittaker, S.D.","contributorId":14373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittaker","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25550,"text":"wri984059 - 1998 - Ground-water discharge and base-flow nitrate loads of nontidal streams, and their relation to a hydrogeomorphic classification of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, middle Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T19:57:14.800628","indexId":"wri984059","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4059","title":"Ground-water discharge and base-flow nitrate loads of nontidal streams, and their relation to a hydrogeomorphic classification of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, middle Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"Existing data on base-flow and groundwater nitrate loads were compiled and analyzed to assess the significance of groundwater discharge as a source of the nitrate load to nontidal streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. These estimates were then related to hydrogeomorphic settings based on lithology and physiographic province to provide insight on the areal distribution of ground-water discharge. Base-flow nitrate load accounted for 26 to about 100 percent of total-flow nitrate load, with a median value of 56 percent, and it accounted for 17 to 80 percent of total-flow total-nitrogen load, with a median value of 48 percent.
Hydrograph separations were conducted on continuous streamflow records from 276 gaging stations within the watershed. The values for base flow thus calculated were considered an estimate of ground-water discharge. The ratio of base flow to total flow provided an estimate of the relative importance of ground-water discharge within a basin.
Base-flow nitrate loads, total-flow nitrate loads, and total-flow total-nitrogen loads were previously computed from water-quality and discharge measurements by use of a regression model. Base-flow nitrate loads were available from 78 stations, total-flow nitrate loads were available from 86 stations, and total-flow total-nitrogen loads were available for 48 stations. The percentage of base-flow nitrate load to total-flow nitrate load could be computed for 57 stations, whereas the percentage of base-flow nitrate load to totalflow total-nitrogen load could be computed for 36 stations. These loads were divided by the basin area to obtain yields, which were used to compare the nitrate discharge from basins of different sizes.
The results indicate that ground-water discharge is a significant source of water and nitrate to the total streamflow and nitrate load. Base flow accounted for 16 to 92 percent of total streamflow at the 276 sampling sites, with a median value of 54 percent. It is estimated that of the 50 billion gallons of water that reaches the Chesapeake Bay each day, nearly 27 billion gallons is base flow.
Generalized lithology (siliciclastic, carbonate, crystalline, and unconsolidated) was combined with physiographic province (the Appalachian Plateau, the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, the Piedmont, including the Mesozoic Lowland section, and the Coastal Plain) to delineate 11 hydrogeomorphic regions. Areal variation of base flow and base-flow nitrate yield were assessed by means of nonparametric, one-way analysis of variance on basins grouped by the dominant hydrogeomorphic region and by correlation analysis of base flow or base-flow nitrate yield with the percentage of land area of a given hydrogeomorphic region within a basin.
Base flow appeared to have a significant relation to the hydrogeomorphic regions. The highest percentages of base flow were found in areas underlain by carbonate rock, crystalline rock with relatively low relief, and unconsolidated sediments. Lower percentages were found in areas underlain by siliclastic rocks and crystalline rocks with relatively high relief.
The relation between base-flow nitrate yield and hydrogeomorphic region is less clear. Although there is a relation between low nitrate yields and areas underlain by highrelief siliciclastic rocks, and a relation between high yields and carbonate rocks, much of this relation can be explained by the strong association between the hydrogeomorphic units and land use. In addition, most basins are mixtures of several hydrogeomorphic regions, so the nitrate yield from a basin depends on a large number of complex interacting factors. These unclear results indicate that the sample of available data used here may not be adequate to fully assess the relation between base-flow nitrate yield and the hydrogeomorphic setting of the basin. The results appear to show, however, that ground-water discharge is an important component of the total nontidal streamflow, and that ground-water discharge varies according to the hydrogeomorphic regions. Environmental management of the nontidal streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed will thus have to consider the prevention of nutrient infiltration into aquifers as well as prevention of overland runoff of high-nitrogen waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984059","usgsCitation":"Bachman, L.J., Lindsey, B., Brakebill, J.W., and Powars, D.S., 1998, Ground-water discharge and base-flow nitrate loads of nontidal streams, and their relation to a hydrogeomorphic classification of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, middle Atlantic Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4059, iv, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984059.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415596,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48941.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Joseph","contributorId":33304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brakebill, John W. 0000-0001-9235-6810 jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016286,"text":"1016286 - 1998 - Experimental analysis of trout effects on survival, growth, and habitat use of two species of western Ambystomatid salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-26T21:43:02.429601","indexId":"1016286","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental analysis of trout effects on survival, growth, and habitat use of two species of western Ambystomatid salamanders","docAbstract":"Introduced fish have been implicated as reducing abundance or eliminating ambystomatid salamanders from montane lakes in western North America. We tested the null hypotheses that survivorship, growth, and refuge use of larvae reared for 30 d did not differ between artificial ponds with trout and without trout. Larval survivorship for both A. macrodactylum and A. gracile was significantly lower in ponds with trout than in fishless ponds. Both species had significantly lower snout-vent lengths in ponds with trout than in fishless ponds at the conclusion of the experiments. Only A. gracile had significantly lower body weight in ponds with trout than in ponds without trout. For both species, substrate locations of larvae were significantly influenced by trout at the conclusion of the experiments. Larvae of both species were found in a narrower range of substrates in ponds with fish than in control ponds. Our findings support inferences from field studies that the presence of trout have negative impacts on larval A. macrodactylum and A. gracile.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1565448","usgsCitation":"Tyler, T., Liss, W., Hoffman, R.L., and Ganio, L., 1998, Experimental analysis of trout effects on survival, growth, and habitat use of two species of western Ambystomatid salamanders: Journal of Herpetology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 345-349, https://doi.org/10.2307/1565448.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"349","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f937d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyler, T.","contributorId":62978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liss, W.J.","contributorId":75887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ganio, L.","contributorId":63773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganio","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021039,"text":"70021039 - 1998 - 40Ar/39Ar age of the Manson impact structure, Iowa, and correlative impact ejecta in the Crow Creek member of the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous), South Dakota and Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T12:24:51.240061","indexId":"70021039","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar age of the Manson impact structure, Iowa, and correlative impact ejecta in the Crow Creek member of the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous), South Dakota and Nebraska","docAbstract":"A set of 34 laser total-fusion 40Ar/39Ar analyses of sanidine from a melt layer in crater-fill deposits of the Manson impact structure in Iowa has a weighted-mean age of 74.1 ± 0.1 Ma. This age is about 9.0 m.y. older than 40Ar/39Ar ages of shocked microcline from the Manson impact structure reported previously by others. The 74.1 Ma age of the sanidine, which is a melt product of Precambrian microcline clasts, indicates that the Manson impact structure played no part in the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) mass extinction at 64.5 Ma. Moreover, incremental-heating 40Ar/39Ar ages of the sanidine show that it is essentially free of excess 40Ar and has not been influenced by postcrystallization heating or alteration. An age spectrum of the matrix of the melt layer shows effects of 39Ar recoil, including older ages in the low-temperature increments and younger ages in the high-temperature increments. At 17 places in eastern South Dakota and Nebraska, shocked quartz and feldspar grains are concentrated in the lower part of the Crow Creek Member of the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous). The grains are largest (3.2 mm) in southeastern South Dakota and decrease in size (0.45 mm) to the northwest, consistent with the idea that the Manson impact structure was their source. The ubiquitous presence of shocked grains concentrated in a thin calcarenite at the base of the Crow Creek Member suggests it is an event bed recording an instant of geologic time. Ammonites below and above the Crow Creek Member limit its age to the zone of Didymoceras nebrascense of earliest late Campanian age. Plagioclase from a bentonite bed in this zone in Colorado has a 40Ar/39Ar age of 74.1 ± 0.1 Ma commensurate with our sanidine age of 74.1 Ma for the Manson impact structure. 40Ar/39Ar ages of bentonite beds below and above the Crow Creek are consistent with our 74.1 ± 0.1 Ma age for the Manson impact structure and limit its age to the interval ±74.5 0.1 to 73.8 ± 0.1 Ma. Recently, two origins for the Crow Creek have been proposed—eastward transgression of the Late Cretaceous sea and a Manson impact-triggered tsunami. We conclude that most data are in accord with an impact origin for the Crow Creek Member and are at odds with the marine transgression hypothesis.
Dissolved-solids data collected in the Upper Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, Colorado, and in the Gunnison River Basin were analyzed for trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and loads for water years 1970 to 1993, 1980 to 1993, and 1986 to 1993. Trend results for flow-adjusted periodic dissolved-solids concentrations for the Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, CO, generally were downward or no trend was indicated. Trends in flow-adjusted monthly and annual dissolved-solids loads primarily were downward or absent. These trend results partly agree with the downward trends reported by a previous investigation for the Colorado River near Cameo site. In the Gunnison River Basin, trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and loads were not detected for more than one-half of the site/analysis-period combinations. Of the trends that were present, most indicated decreases in concentrations and loads rather than increases. In both the Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, CO, and the Gunnison River Basin, trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and flow-adjusted monthly and annual dissolved-solids loads may be affected by a variety of factors. These include channel evolution and hydrologic variation, water quality and flow rate of groundwater discharges and springs, sample size and period of record of dissolved-solids data, and changes in land use in the basin.
We assessed the reproductive potential of various genetic strains of hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in southern and eastern Lake Ontario from indices of fecundity and indices of male abundance. Indices were constructed from catches of mature lake trout in gill nets during September 1980 to 1994 after correcting for mortality from sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) which occurred between September sampling and late fall spawning. Strain and age were assigned to individual lake trout based on clipped fins and maxillary bones or coded wire tags. Fecundity-length relationships for fish of the same age, determined from mature females collected in 1977 to 1981 and 1994, were not different (P > 0.05) among genetic strains. For all strains combined, fecundity-length relationships in 1977 to 1981 were not different among fish of various ages but in 1994, age-5 and -6 fish had fewer eggs (P < 0.003) than age-7 fish, and age-7 fish had fewer eggs (P < 0.003) than fish of age 8, 9, or 10. Annual indices of fecundity varied 19 fold and indices of mature males varied 11 fold; both indices were low in the early 1980s, increased sharply in the mid 1980s, and peaked in 1993. The strain which dominated fecundity and mature male indices shifted during the study from Seneca Lake strain to Lake Superior strain and then back to Seneca Lake strain. However, changes in either reproductive potential or genotypes do not appear responsible for the abrupt appearance of naturally-produced yearling lake trout throughout southern and eastern Lake Ontario in 1994–1995, the first widespread occurrence of juveniles produced by hatchery lake trout in Lake Ontario.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70805-6","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., Elrod, J.H., and Schneider, C.P., 1998, Reproductive potential and fecundity of lake trout strains in southern and eastern waters of Lake Ontario, 1977-1994: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 1, p. 131-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70805-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020526,"text":"70020526 - 1998 - Geology of the Sierra de Fiambala, northwestern Argentina: Implications for Early Palaeozoic Andean tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T15:06:49.304206","indexId":"70020526","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Sierra de Fiambala, northwestern Argentina: Implications for Early Palaeozoic Andean tectonics","docAbstract":"Observations of bloater vertical migration showed a limit to the vertical depth changes that bloater experience. In this paper, we conducted an analysis of maximum differences in pressure encountered by bloater during vertical migration. Throughout the bottom depths studied, bloater experienced maximum reductions in swim bladder volume equal to approximately 50-60% of the volume in midwater. The analysis indicated that the limit in vertical depth change may be related to a maximum level of positive or negative buoyancy for which bloater can compensate using alternative mechanisms such as hydrodynamic lift. Bloater may be limited in the extent of migration by either their depth of neutral buoyancy or the distance above the depth of neutral buoyancy at which they can still maintain their position in the water column. Although a migration limit for the bloater population was evident, individual distances of migration varied at each site. These variations in migration distances may indicate differences in depths of neutral buoyancy within the population. However, in spite of these variations, the strong correlation between shallowest depths of migration and swim bladder volume reduction across depths provides evidence that hydrostatic pressure limits the extent of daily vertical movement in bloater.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.2307/1447359","usgsCitation":"TeWinkel, L.M., and Fleischer, G.W., 1998, Pressure as a limit to bloater (Coregonus hoyi) vertical migration: Copeia, v. 1998, no. 4, p. 1060-1063, https://doi.org/10.2307/1447359.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1060","endPage":"1063","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1998","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"TeWinkel, Leslie M.","contributorId":40168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TeWinkel","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000645,"text":"1000645 - 1998 - Longevity of Lake Superior lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:44:09","indexId":"1000645","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longevity of Lake Superior lake trout","docAbstract":"The age structure of mature lake trout Salvelinus namaycush from the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior increased following a population recovery that has taken place since the 1960s. As the population aged, it became apparent that scales were unreliable aging structures. Beginning in 1986, we examined both scale and sagittal otolith ages from tagged fish with a known period at liberty. We found large discrepancies in scale and sagittal otolith ages of mature fish, such that scale ages were biased low. We estimated lake trout living up to 42 years, which is greater than previously reported from Lake Superior. Investigators studying lake trout population dynamics in the Great Lakes should be aware that lake trout can live longer than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0700:LOLSLT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schram, S.T., and Fabrizio, M.C., 1998, Longevity of Lake Superior lake trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 18, no. 3, p. 700-703, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0700:LOLSLT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"700","endPage":"703","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f02d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schram, Stephen T.","contributorId":59384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schram","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}