The concentrations of metals in surface sediments of Boston Harbor have decreased during the period 1977–1993. This conclusion is supported by analysis of: (1) surface sediments collected at monitoring stations in the outer harbor between 1977 and 1993; (2) metal concentration profiles in sediment cores from depositional areas of the harbor; and (3) historical data from a contaminated-sediment database, which includes information on metal and organic contaminants and sediment texture. The background and matrix-corrected concentrations of lead (Pb) measured in the surficial layer (0–2 cm) of cores decreased by an average of 46%±12% among four locations in the outer harbor during the 16 y period. Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), silver (Ag), and zinc (Zn) exhibited similar trends. Results from our sediment sampling are supported by historical data that were compiled from diverse sources into a regional sediment database. This sediment database contains approximately 3000 samples; of these, about 460 samples were collected and analyzed for Cu, Hg, or Zn and many other sediment parameters in Boston Harbor surface sediments between 1971–1993. The database indicates that the concentrations of these three metals also decreased with time in Boston’s Inner Harbor. The decreases in metal concentrations that are observed in more recent years parallel a general decrease in the flux of metals to the harbor, implemented by: (1) ending the sewage sludge discharge to the Harbor in December, 1991; (2) greater source reduction (e.g. recovery of silver from photographic processing) and closing or moving of industries; (3) improvements in wastewater handling and sewage treatment; and (4) diminishing use of lead in gasoline beginning about 1973. Despite the general decrease in metal concentrations in Boston Harbor surface sediments, the concentrations of Ag and Hg measured at some outer harbor stations in 1993 were still at, or above, the level associated with frequent adverse effects to marine organisms (guidelines are: Ag 3.7 μg g−1, Hg 1.17 μg g−1, from Long et al., 1995). Concentrations of the other metals listed were in the range considered to occasionally induce adverse biological effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0141-1136(97)00027-5","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., and Manheim, F., 1998, Metal concentrations in surface sediments of Boston Harbor: Changes with time: Marine Environmental Research, v. 45, no. 2, p. 127-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(97)00027-5.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -69.884033203125,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -69.884033203125,\n 42.742978093466434\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 42.742978093466434\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 41.69752591075902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5474e4b0c8380cd6cfa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020556,"text":"70020556 - 1998 - A description of the first live Poouli captured","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020556","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A description of the first live Poouli captured","docAbstract":"The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper found only on Maui, Hawaii. It was rare at the time of its discovery in 1973, but by 1997 was on the brink of extinction with fewer than six individuals left. Two specimens were collected for the description of the species, but both proved to be immature by comparison with a pair of adults at a nest. Until 1997 no Poouli had ever been captured alive, and consequently descriptions of adult Poouli were produced from field observations. In 1997, I captured an adult male Poouli which is described here for the first time. Detailed comparisons of the plumage of this adult with that of an immature specimen and previous descriptions of the species are discussed in this paper, as are differences in plumage between adult and immature males and females that may aid the sexing and ageing of birds in the field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Baker, P., 1998, A description of the first live Poouli captured: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 110, no. 3, p. 307-310.","startPage":"307","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3b1e4b0c8380cd461a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, P.E.","contributorId":96450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020729,"text":"70020729 - 1998 - Methodology and implications of maximum paleodischarge estimates for mountain channels, upper Animas River basin, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T16:24:24.981687","indexId":"70020729","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methodology and implications of maximum paleodischarge estimates for mountain channels, upper Animas River basin, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Historical and geologic records may be used to enhance magnitude estimates for extreme floods along mountain channels, as demonstrated in this study from the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. Historical photographs and local newspaper accounts from the October 1911 flood indicate the likely extent of flooding and damage. A checklist designed to organize and numerically score evidence of flooding was used in 15 field reconnaissance surveys in the upper Animas River valley of southwestern Colorado. Step-backwater flow modeling estimated the discharges necessary to create longitudinal flood bars observed at 6 additional field sites. According to these analyses, maximum unit discharge peaks at approximately 1.3 m3 s-1 km-2 around 2200 m elevation, with decreased unit discharges at both higher and lower elevations. These results (1) are consistent with Jarrett's (1987, 1990, 1993) maximum 2300-m elevation limit for flash-flooding in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, and (2) suggest that current Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) estimates based on a 24-h rainfall of 30 cm at elevations above 2700 m are unrealistically large. The methodology used for this study should be readily applicable to other mountain regions where systematic streamflow records are of short duration or nonexistent.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2307/1551744","usgsCitation":"Pruess, J., Wohl, E.E., and Jarrett, R.D., 1998, Methodology and implications of maximum paleodischarge estimates for mountain channels, upper Animas River basin, Colorado, U.S.A.: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 30, no. 1, p. 40-50, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551744.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Animas River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.06948821876755,\n 37.1\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 37.1\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -108.06948821876755,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -108.06948821876755,\n 37.1\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a556ce4b0c8380cd6d1e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pruess, J.","contributorId":44308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruess","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohl, Ellen E.","contributorId":16969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":387291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020732,"text":"70020732 - 1998 - Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T13:25:59.0231","indexId":"70020732","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"The 1993–1995 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, occurred in two distinct phases. Phase 1 of the surge began on the eastern sector in July, 1993 and ended in July, 1994 after a powerful outburst of subglacial meltwater into Tsivat Lake basin on the north side of Weeping Peat Island. Within days, jökulhlaup discharge built a 1.5 km2 delta of ice blocks (25–30 m) buried in outwash. By late October 1994, discharge temporarily shifted to a vent on Weeping Peat Island, where a second smaller outburst dissected the island and built two new sandar. During phase 2, which began in spring 1995 and ended within five months, continuous discharge issued from several vents along the ice front on Weeping Peat Island before returning to the Tsivat Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0877:TBCSPT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Fleisher, P., Cadwell, D., and Muller, E., 1998, Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, no. 7, p. 877-887, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0877:TBCSPT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Piedmont Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.39247492816136,\n 63.2991286669656\n ],\n [\n -147.39247492816136,\n 59.807561616451096\n ],\n [\n -140.1854436781614,\n 59.807561616451096\n ],\n [\n -140.1854436781614,\n 63.2991286669656\n ],\n [\n -147.39247492816136,\n 63.2991286669656\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8a3e4b08c986b32799e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleisher, P.J.","contributorId":70664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleisher","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadwell, D.H.","contributorId":97552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadwell","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, E.H.","contributorId":35350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020555,"text":"70020555 - 1998 - Development and testing of a contamination potential mapping system for a portion of the General Separations Area, Savannah River Site, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T12:48:56","indexId":"70020555","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and testing of a contamination potential mapping system for a portion of the General Separations Area, Savannah River Site, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A methodology was developed to evaluate and map the contamination potential or aquifer sensitivity of the upper groundwater flow system of a portion of the General Separations Area (GSA) at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to integrate diverse subsurface geologic data, soils data, and hydrology utilizing a stack-unit mapping approach to construct mapping layers. This is the first time that such an approach has been used to delineate the hydrogeology of a coastal plain environment. Unit surface elevation maps were constructed for the tops of six Tertiary units derived from over 200 boring logs. Thickness or isopach maps were created for five hydrogeologic units by differencing top and basal surface elevations. The geologic stack-unit map was created by stacking the five isopach maps and adding codes for each stack-unit polygon. Stacked-units were rated according to their hydrogeologic properties and ranked using a logarithmic approach (utility theory) to establish a contamination potential index. Colors were assigned to help display relative importance of stacked-units in preventing or promoting transport of contaminants. The sensitivity assessment included the effects of surface soils on contaminants which are particularly important for evaluating potential effects from surface spills. Hydrogeologic/hydrologic factors did not exhibit sufficient spatial variation to warrant incorporation into contamination potential assessment. Development of this contamination potential mapping system provides a useful tool for site planners, environmental scientists, and regulatory agencies.A methodology was developed to evaluate and map the contamination potential or aquifer sensitivity of the upper groundwater flow system of a portion of the General Separations Area (GSA) at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to integrate diverse subsurface geologic data, soils data, and hydrology utilizing a stack-unit mapping approach to construct mapping layers. This is the first time that such an approach has been used to delineate the hydrogeology of a coastal plain environment. Unit surface elevation maps were constructed for the tops of six Tertiary units derived from over 200 boring logs. Thickness or isopach maps were created for five hydrogeologic units by differencing top and basal surface elevations. The geologic stack-unit map was created by stacking the five isopach maps and adding codes for each stack-unit polygon. Stacked-units were rated according to their hydrogeologic properties and ranked using a logarithmic approach (utility theory) to establish a contamination potential index. Colors were assigned to help display relative importance of stacked-units in preventing or promoting transport of contaminants. The sensitivity assessment included the effects of surface soils on contaminants which are particularly important for evaluating potential effects from surface spills. Hydrogeologic/hydrologic factors did not exhibit sufficient spatial variation to warrant incorporation into contamination potential assessment. Development of this contamination potential mapping system provides a useful tool for site planners, environmental scientists, and regulatory agencies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002540050313","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Rine, J., Berg, R.C., Shafer, J., Covington, E., Reed, J., Bennett, C., and Trudnak, J., 1998, Development and testing of a contamination potential mapping system for a portion of the General Separations Area, Savannah River Site, South Carolina: Environmental Geology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 263-277, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050313.","startPage":"263","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050313"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 32.87382044499353\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 33.42341844641943\n ],\n [\n -81.26174926757812,\n 33.42341844641943\n ],\n [\n -81.26174926757812,\n 32.87382044499353\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 32.87382044499353\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0027e4b0c8380cd4f5fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rine, J.M.","contributorId":53145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, R. C.","contributorId":11673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafer, J.M.","contributorId":72995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Covington, E.R.","contributorId":58157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, J.K.","contributorId":38031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, C.B.","contributorId":61308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trudnak, J.E.","contributorId":56938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trudnak","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70019727,"text":"70019727 - 1998 - Ice-front change and iceberg behaviour along Oates and George V Coasts, Antarctica, 1912-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T00:22:07.068166","indexId":"70019727","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice-front change and iceberg behaviour along Oates and George V Coasts, Antarctica, 1912-96","docAbstract":"Ice-front change may well be a sensitive indicator of regional climate change. We have studied the western Oates Coast from Cape Kinsey (158°50' E, 69°19' S) to Cape Hudson (153°45' Ε, 68°20' S) and the entire George V Coast, from Cape Hudson to Point Alden (142°02' E, 66°48' S). The glaciers here drain part of the Dome Charlie and Talos Dome areas (640 000 km2). A comparison between various documents, dated several years apart, has allowed an estimate of the surficial ice discharge, the ice-front fluctuation and the iceberg-calving flux during the last 50 years. The ice-front discharge of the studied coast has been estimated at about 90 ± 12 km3a−1 in 1989-91, 8.5 km3a−1 for western Oates Coast and 82 km3a−1 for George V Coast. From 1962-63 to 1973-74 the floating glaciers underwent a net reduction that continued from 1973-74 to 1989-91. On the other hand, from 1989-91 to 1996 the area of floating glaciers increased. Ninnis Glacier Tongue and the western part of Cook Ice Shelf underwent a significant retreat after 1980 and 1947, respectively. Satellite-image analysis of large icebergs has provided information about ice-ocean interaction and the existence of an “iceberg trap” along George V Coast. A first estimate of the mass balance of the drainage basin of Mertz and Ninnis Glaciers shows a value close to zero or slightly negative.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/1998AoG27-1-643-650","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Frezzotti, M., Cimbelli, A., and Ferrigno, J., 1998, Ice-front change and iceberg behaviour along Oates and George V Coasts, Antarctica, 1912-96: Annals of Glaciology, v. 27, p. 643-650, https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG27-1-643-650.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"650","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488367,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-643-650","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, George V Land, Oates Land","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 160.5161600369139,\n -71.98576361185364\n ],\n [\n 165.3337036278141,\n -69.7518926207869\n ],\n [\n 159.37462893472235,\n -68.9315413545958\n ],\n [\n 157.13157757603705,\n -66.47059029696416\n ],\n [\n 149.86731595083376,\n -65.50869224066517\n ],\n [\n 136.26544293964832,\n -64.8273808844774\n ],\n [\n 129.3681189148167,\n -64.7979028899482\n ],\n [\n 126.64015855368393,\n -69.57839720645511\n ],\n [\n 160.5161600369139,\n -71.98576361185364\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37f7e4b0c8380cd61312","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frezzotti, M.","contributorId":43926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frezzotti","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cimbelli, A.","contributorId":52344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cimbelli","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, J.G.","contributorId":104559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162653,"text":"70162653 - 1998 - Imperilled wetlands - Book review: Mangroves and saltmarshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T11:54:26","indexId":"70162653","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imperilled wetlands - Book review: Mangroves and saltmarshes","docAbstract":"Review info: Mangroves and saltmarshes. Edited by Eric Wolanski and Charles S. Hopkinson Jr., 1996.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/25898","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., 1998, Imperilled wetlands - Book review: Mangroves and saltmarshes: Nature, v. 395, p. 131-132, https://doi.org/10.1038/25898.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"395","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49c8e4b07ca61bfea567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020734,"text":"70020734 - 1998 - Cotton herbicides in the surface waters of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (the Delta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020734","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cotton herbicides in the surface waters of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (the Delta)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting two studies to assess the environmental fate of herbicides used in cotton producing areas of the southeastern United States. The first study is evaluating surface-water quality on a regional basis and relating water quality to land use. The second study is examining the use of Best Management Practices to reduce off-site movement of agricultural chemicals in surface-water runoff. Maximum concentrations of the herbicides fluometuron and norflurazon in samples from surface water in edge-of-field studies were 23 and 7 micrograms per liter, respectively. Also, they were detected in the runoff of nearly every sampled storm for the 1997 water year at concentrations higher than 1.0 microgram per liter. Fluometuron and norflurazon were measured frequently in samples from rivers and streams in cotton producing areas, but the frequency of occurrence and the maximum concentrations were less than those in the edge-of-field studies.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 International Water Resources Engineering Conference. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R., and Rebich, R., 1998, Cotton herbicides in the surface waters of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (the Delta), in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, Memphis, TN, USA, 3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998, p. 1212-1217.","startPage":"1212","endPage":"1217","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc7fe4b0c8380cd4e2ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rebich, R.A.","contributorId":20788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020973,"text":"70020973 - 1998 - How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T07:32:55","indexId":"70020973","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?","docAbstract":"Slug tests in fractured rock usually are interpreted with models that assume homogeneous formation properties, even though hydraulic properties of fractures can vary by many orders of magnitude over the length of boreholes. To investigate the impact of heterogeneity on the interpretation of slug tests in fractured rock, slug tests were conducted over large intervals of boreholes in crystalline rock in central New Hampshire, and interpreted using a homogeneous model. The results of the slug tests were then compared with estimates of transmissivity from fluid-injection tests conducted over shorter intervals in the same boreholes. The fluid-injection tests showed transmissivity to vary more than six orders of magnitude over the length of the boreholes; however, the sum of the transmissivities from the fluid-injection tests were within an order of magnitude of the transmissivity estimated from the slug tests. Although the two estimates of transmissivity were within an order of magnitude of each other, the water level responses during the slug tests did not exactly match the responses predicted by the homogeneous model. To investigate the effect of heterogeneity on water level responses during slug tests, a Laplace-transform solution was developed for slug tests conducted in boreholes containing multiple fractures with hydraulic properties that vary over the length of the borehole. A comparison of this solution with the homogeneous model shows no difference between the shape of water level responses in a homogeneous formation and a (layered) heterogeneous formation. Furthermore, the transmissivity estimated using a homogeneous model is within an order of magnitude of the prescribed transmissivity in the heterogeneous model. Thus, differences between responses predicted from a homogeneous model and measured water levels during slug tests can be attributed to phenomena such as nonradial flow in the vicinity of the borehole, and not heterogeneous hydraulic properties over the length of the borehole. The experimental results of this investigation show that even when conditions such as nonradial flow are present in the vicinity of the borehole, interpretations of slug tests using a homogeneous model provided order-of-magnitude estimates of transmissivity in the crystalline rock terrane under consideration.Slug tests in fractured rock are usually interpreted with models that assume homogeneous formation properties, although hydraulic properties of fractures can vary by many order of magnitude over the length of the boreholes. To investigate the impact of heterogeneity on the interpretation of slug tests in fractured rocks, slug tests were conducted over large intervals of boreholes in crystalline rock in central New Hampshire. Tests results were interpreted using a homogeneous model. A Laplace-transform solution was developed for slug tests conducted in boreholes containing multiple fractures with hydraulic properties. Finally, a comparison was made between this solution and the homogeneous model.","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Publ Co","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01063.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A., and Hsieh, P.A., 1998, How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 1, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01063.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a324be4b0c8380cd5e6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":388162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020972,"text":"70020972 - 1998 - A nonlinear model for analysis of slug-test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:31:23","indexId":"70020972","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nonlinear model for analysis of slug-test data","docAbstract":"While doing slug tests in high-permeability aquifers, we have consistently seen deviations from the expected response of linear theoretical models. Normalized curves do not coincide for various initial heads, as would be predicted by linear theories, and are shifted to larger times for higher initial heads. We have developed a general nonlinear model based on the Navier-Stokes equation, nonlinear frictional loss, non-Darcian flow, acceleration effects, radius changes in the well bore, and a Hvorslev model for the aquifer, which explains these data features. The model produces a very good fit for both oscillatory and nonoscillatory field data, using a single set of physical parameters to predict the field data for various initial displacements at a given well. This is in contrast to linear models which have a systematic lack of fit and indicate that hydraulic conductivity varies with the initial displacement. We recommend multiple slug tests with a considerable variation in initial head displacement to evaluate the possible presence of nonlinear effects. Our conclusion is that the nonlinear model presented here is an excellent tool to analyze slug tests, covering the range from the underdamped region to the overdamped region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR02710","usgsCitation":"McElwee, C., and Zenner, M., 1998, A nonlinear model for analysis of slug-test data: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02710.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr02710","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bfe4b0c8380cd468c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zenner, M.A.","contributorId":10575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenner","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020820,"text":"70020820 - 1998 - Estimation of density of mongooses with capture-recapture and distance sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70020820","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of density of mongooses with capture-recapture and distance sampling","docAbstract":"We captured mongooses (Herpestes javanicus) in live traps arranged in trapping webs in Antigua, West Indies, and used capture-recapture and distance sampling to estimate density. Distance estimation and program DISTANCE were used to provide estimates of density from the trapping-web data. Mean density based on trapping webs was 9.5 mongooses/ha (range, 5.9-10.2/ha); estimates had coefficients of variation ranging from 29.82-31.58% (X?? = 30.46%). Mark-recapture models were used to estimate abundance, which was converted to density using estimates of effective trap area. Tests of model assumptions provided by CAPTURE indicated pronounced heterogeneity in capture probabilities and some indication of behavioral response and variation over time. Mean estimated density was 1.80 mongooses/ha (range, 1.37-2.15/ha) with estimated coefficients of variation of 4.68-11.92% (X?? = 7.46%). Estimates of density based on mark-recapture data depended heavily on assumptions about animal home ranges; variances of densities also may be underestimated, leading to unrealistically narrow confidence intervals. Estimates based on trap webs require fewer assumptions, and estimated variances may be a more realistic representation of sampling variation. Because trap webs are established easily and provide adequate data for estimation in a few sample occasions, the method should be efficient and reliable for estimating densities of mongooses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Corn, J., and Conroy, M., 1998, Estimation of density of mongooses with capture-recapture and distance sampling: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 79, no. 3, p. 1009-1015.","startPage":"1009","endPage":"1015","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b82e4b0c8380cd52758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, J.L.","contributorId":72964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020735,"text":"70020735 - 1998 - Small-scale morphology across the surf zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020735","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale morphology across the surf zone","docAbstract":"Small-scale (< 5 m horizontal length) nearshore morphologic height variations were measured by combining CRAB surveys with bed elevations acquired with a 1 MHz sonic altimeter mounted on the CRAB during the October Phase of the DUCK94 experiment. Bedform plan views were recorded simultaneously using a 500 kHz side-scan sonar mounted on the CRAB. Waves and currents were measured at the same time. Significant temporal and spatial variations in the small-scale morphology were measured in response to changing waves and currents during the 2 weeks examined. Three cases are examined in detail: (1) mild waves and weak longshore currents resulting in wave ripples throughout the study area; (2) storm waves with strong longshore currents resulting in lunate and straight-crested mega-ripples in the trough of the barred beach; and (3) narrow-band, normally incident waves with a strong rip current resulting in a planar bed except in the throat of the rip where mega-ripples were measured. Wavenumber spectra of the bed were generally broad, indicating newly formed ripples coexisted with residual ripples from the past to form complex, multi-scaled ripple patterns.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00114-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Thornton, E., Swayne, J., and Dingler, J., 1998, Small-scale morphology across the surf zone: Marine Geology, v. 145, no. 3-4, p. 173-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00114-X.","startPage":"173","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206930,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00114-X"},{"id":231279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9198e4b08c986b3199b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornton, E.B.","contributorId":103828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"E.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayne, J.L.","contributorId":7449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayne","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dingler, J.R.","contributorId":64247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingler","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020532,"text":"70020532 - 1998 - Ecoregions as a level of ecological analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70020532","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecoregions as a level of ecological analysis","docAbstract":"There have been many attempts to classify geographic areas into zones of similar characteristics. Recent focus has been on ecoregions. We examined how well the boundaries of the most commonly used ecoregion classifications for the US matched the boundaries of existing vegetation cover mapped at three levels of classification, fine, mid- and coarse scale. We analyzed ecoregions in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. The results were similar among the two ecoregion classifications. For both ecoregion delineations and all three vegetation classifications, the patterns of existing vegetation did not correspond well with the patterns of ecoregions. Most vegetation types had a small proportion of their total area in a given ecoregion. There was also no dominance by one or more vegetation types in any ecoregion and contrary to our hypothesis, the level of congruence of vegetation patterns with ecoregion boundaries decreased as the level of classification became more general. The implications of these findings on the use of ecoregions as a planning tool and in the development of land conservation efforts are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00002-0","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Wright, R., Murray, M., and Merrill, T., 1998, Ecoregions as a level of ecological analysis: Biological Conservation, v. 86, no. 2, p. 207-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00002-0.","startPage":"207","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206837,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00002-0"},{"id":230906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0596e4b0c8380cd50e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, M.P.","contributorId":83304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, T.","contributorId":89301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020743,"text":"70020743 - 1998 - The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020743","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1840,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications","docAbstract":"We sampled the lizard fauna of twenty-two small islets fringing the Pacific island of Guam and used these data to shed light on the processes responsible for present-day diversity. Habitat diversity, measured by islet area and vegetation complexity, was significantly correlated with the number of species found on an islet. However, islet distance and elevation were not significant predictors of diversity. Distribution patterns were slightly different for the two major families in our sample, Scincidae and Gekkonidae: skinks needed larger islets to maintain a population than did geckos. Presence/absence patterns were highly and significantly nested, and population density was correlated with the number of islets on which a species was found. An area cladogram was poorly supported and showed no faunal similarity between nearby islands. These patterns indicate that extinctions on most islets were due mostly to non-catastrophic, long-acting biological causes. The presence on the islets of species extirpated on Guam and the lack of significant nestedness on islands with greater maximum elevation highlight the impact that predators (primarily brown treesnakes) can have. Our findings also show that small reserves will not suffice to protect endangered lizard faunas, and that the islets may serve as a short-term repository of such species until snake-free areas can be established on Guam.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x","issn":"09607447","usgsCitation":"Perry, G., Rodda, G., Fritts, T.H., and Sharp, T., 1998, The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications: Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, v. 7, no. 5, p. 353-365, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x.","startPage":"353","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x"},{"id":231427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad97e4b08c986b323cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, G.","contributorId":91818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, T.R.","contributorId":101043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020746,"text":"70020746 - 1998 - Transport of agrichemicals to ground and surface water in a small central Indiana watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T11:22:45.710429","indexId":"70020746","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of agrichemicals to ground and surface water in a small central Indiana watershed","docAbstract":"The occurrence, distribution, concentrations, and pathways of agrichemicals in water were investigated in the Sugar Creek watershed, a poorly drained agricultural watershed typical of many watersheds in the midwestern USA. Water samples from Sugar Creek, two tile drains, and 11 wells along a groundwater flowpath to Sugar Creek were collected between May 1992 and August 1996 and analyzed for N and pesticide compounds. Nitrate was the principal N species and pesticides were common in alluvial water-bearing units in the Sugar Creek floodplain. In the confined stratified drift aquifers, ammonia was the principal N species and pesticides were rare. Tile drains directly affected the water quality in Sugar Creek by transporting soil pore water and shallow groundwater containing high concentrations of nitrate (NO3) and pesticides to the creek. When tile drains were flowing (typically December through July), elevated NO3 concentrations (2–10 mg/L NO3N) in the creek correlated with high NO3 concentrations (2–23 mg/L NO3N) in tile drains discharging to the creek. Likewise, with concentrations of atrazine and atrazine metabolites, seasonal trends in the tile-drain effluent were similar to seasonal trends in Sugar Creek. When tile drains went dry, NO3 concentrations in the creek were low, indicating most groundwater discharge to the creek consisted of old or denitrified water. Trace levels of pesticides in the creek at low flow probably were the result of seepage from alluvial water-bearing units.
ABSTRACT: A hydrologic modeling study, using the Hydrologic Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF), was conducted in two glaciated watersheds, Purdy Creek and Ariel Creek in northeastern Pennsylvania. Both watersheds have wetlands and poorly drained soils due to low hydraulic conductivity and presence of fragipans. The HSPF model was calibrated in the Purdy Creek watershed and verified in the Ariel Creek watershed for June 1992 to December 1993 period. In Purdy Creek, the total volume of observed stream-flow during the entire simulation period was 13.36 × 106 m3 and the simulated streamflow volume was 13.82 × 106 m3 (5 percent difference). For the verification simulation in Ariel Creek, the difference between the total observed and simulated flow volumes was 17 percent. Simulated peak flow discharges were within two hours of the observed for 30 of 46 peak flow events (discharge greater than 0.1 m3/sec) in Purdy Creek and 27 of 53 events in Ariel Creek. For 22 of the 46 events in Purdy Creek and 24 of 53 in Ariel Creek, the differences between the observed and simulated peak discharge rates were less than 30 percent. These 22 events accounted for 63 percent of total volume of streamflow observed during the selected 46 peak flow events in Purdy Creek. In Ariel Creek, these 24 peak flow events accounted for 62 percent of the total flow observed during all peak flow events. Differences in observed and simulated peak flow rates and volumes (on a percent basis) were greater during the snowmelt runoff events and summer periods than for other times.
Spectacled eider (Somateria fischeri) populations on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta), Alaska, declined rapidly through the 1980s, and low adult female survival was suggested as the likely cause of the decline. We used mark-resighting techniques to study annual survival rates of adult female spectacled eiders at 2 sites on the Y-K Delta during 1993-96. Our data suggest survival rates may differ among sites. However, a model fit to a subset of data on females for which we knew lead levels in blood suggests lead exposure influences survival. Adult females exposed to lead prior to hatching their eggs survived at a much lower rate (0.44 ?? 0.10) each year than females not exposed to lead before hatch (0.78 ?? 0.05). We suggest most mortality from lead exposure occurs over winter, and the related reduction in adult survival may be impeding recovery of local populations. We encourage managers to curtail input of lead shot into the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802564","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Grand, J.B., Flint, P.L., Petersen, M.R., and Moran, C.L., 1998, Effect of lead poisoning on spectacled eider survival rates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 3, p. 1103-1109, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802564.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1109","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.0043487548828,\n 60.88168623709687\n ],\n [\n -165.02906799316406,\n 60.86196637375135\n ],\n [\n -165.04623413085938,\n 60.843572478769616\n ],\n [\n -165.0373077392578,\n 60.80909723816251\n ],\n [\n -164.94049072265625,\n 60.815124717051184\n ],\n [\n -164.89105224609375,\n 60.828515051020105\n ],\n [\n -164.8780059814453,\n 60.84323794629703\n ],\n [\n -164.9095916748047,\n 60.85862281676983\n ],\n [\n -165.0043487548828,\n 60.88168623709687\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.6649017333984,\n 61.267262143963144\n ],\n [\n -165.6195831298828,\n 61.26990273209316\n ],\n [\n -165.59280395507812,\n 61.27650323124963\n ],\n [\n -165.56259155273438,\n 61.29398784561188\n ],\n [\n -165.52963256835938,\n 61.30651799006751\n ],\n [\n -165.52345275878903,\n 61.31179234308851\n ],\n [\n -165.52413940429685,\n 61.31838403686128\n ],\n [\n -165.55091857910156,\n 61.326951166839436\n ],\n [\n -165.5632781982422,\n 61.33452782975877\n ],\n [\n -165.57838439941406,\n 61.34934643651025\n ],\n [\n -165.60997009277344,\n 61.35790510223449\n ],\n [\n -165.61683654785153,\n 61.35658853675885\n ],\n [\n -165.61546325683594,\n 61.344407680083755\n ],\n [\n -165.62232971191406,\n 61.332880884995056\n ],\n [\n -165.64979553222656,\n 61.32892786425992\n ],\n [\n -165.66627502441406,\n 61.32497434470966\n ],\n [\n -165.65322875976562,\n 61.31047383800506\n ],\n [\n -165.6456756591797,\n 61.3045398789521\n ],\n [\n -165.6690216064453,\n 61.29629640621224\n ],\n [\n -165.68824768066406,\n 61.29266859185916\n ],\n [\n -165.69305419921875,\n 61.29167911514325\n ],\n [\n -165.68000793457028,\n 61.282112564822505\n ],\n [\n -165.6649017333984,\n 61.267262143963144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f2e4b0c8380cd5103e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Christine L.","contributorId":6621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000800,"text":"1000800 - 1998 - Fish community changes in the St. Louis River estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1996: Is it ruffe or population dynamics?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:57:46","indexId":"1000800","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community changes in the St. Louis River estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1996: Is it ruffe or population dynamics?","docAbstract":"Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) have been implicated in density declines of native species through egg predation and competition for food in some European waters where they were introduced. Density estimates for ruffe and principal native fishes in the St. Louis River estuary (western Lake Superior) were developed for 1989 to 1996 to measure changes in the fish community in response to an unintentional introduction of ruffe. During the study, ruffe density increased and the densities of several native species decreased. The reductions of native stocks to the natural population dynamics of the same species from Chequamegon Bay, Lake Superior (an area with very few ruffe) were developed, where there was a 24-year record of density. Using these data, short- and long-term variations in catch and correlations among species within years were compared, and species-specific distributions were developed of observed trends in abundance of native fishes in Chequamegon Bay indexed by the slopes of densities across years. From these distributions and our observed trend-line slopes from the St. Louis River, probabilities of measuring negative change at the magnitude observed in the St. Louis River were estimated. Compared with trends in Chequamegon Bay, there was a high probability of obtaining the negative slopes measured for most species, which suggests natural population dynamics could explain, the declines rather than interactions with ruffe. Variable recruitment, which was not related to ruffe density, and associated density-dependent changes in mortality likely were responsible for density declines of native species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70822-6","usgsCitation":"Bronte, C.R., Evrard, L.M., Brown, W.P., Mayo, K.R., and Edwards, A., 1998, Fish community changes in the St. Louis River estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1996: Is it ruffe or population dynamics?: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 309-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70822-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"318","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6020b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, William P.","contributorId":16357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayo, Kathleen R.","contributorId":101237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Andrew J.","contributorId":90266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020750,"text":"70020750 - 1998 - Ground-truthing a troll: Studying the barking frog at Coronado National Memorial","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70020750","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-truthing a troll: Studying the barking frog at Coronado National Memorial","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Schwalbe, C., and Alberti, B., 1998, Ground-truthing a troll: Studying the barking frog at Coronado National Memorial: Park Science, v. 18, no. 1, p. 26-27.","startPage":"26","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2b76e4b0c8380cd5b9d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwalbe, C.","contributorId":44869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alberti, B.","contributorId":46460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alberti","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020751,"text":"70020751 - 1998 - Assignment of boundary conditions in embedded ground water flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T12:09:45.647869","indexId":"70020751","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assignment of boundary conditions in embedded ground water flow models","docAbstract":"Many small-scale ground water models are too small to incorporate distant aquifer boundaries. If a larger-scale model exists for the area of interest, flow and head values can be specified for boundaries in the smaller-scale model using values from the larger-scale model. Flow components along rows and columns of a large-scale block-centered finite-difference model can be interpolated to compute horizontal flow across any segment of a perimeter of a small-scale model. Head at cell centers of the larger-scale model can be interpolated to compute head at points on a model perimeter. Simple linear interpolation is proposed for horizontal interpolation of horizontal-flow components. Bilinear interpolation is proposed for horizontal interpolation of head values. The methods of interpolation provided satisfactory boundary conditions in tests using models of hypothetical aquifers.
Glacial landforms of the North American prairie can be divided into two suites that result from different styles of ice flow: (1) a lowland suite of level-to-streamlined till consistent with formation beneath ice streams, and (2) an upland and lobe-margin suite of thick, hummocky till and glacial thrust blocks consistent with formation at ice-stream and ice-lobe margins. Southern Laurentide ice lobes hypothetically functioned as outlets of ice streams. Broad branching lowlands bounded by escarpments mark the stable positions of the ice streams that fed the lobes. If the lobes and ice streams were similar to modern ice streams, their fast flow was facilitated by high subglacial water pressure. Favorable geology and topography in the midcontinent encouraged nonuniform ice flow and controlled the location of ice streams and outlet lobes.
We report on a magnetometric resistivity sounding carried out in the overlapping spreading center between the Cleft and Vance segments of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The data collected reveal a strong three dimensionality in the crustal electrical resistivity structure on wavelengths of a few kilometers. Areas of reduced crustal electrical resistivities, with values approaching that of seawater, are seen beneath the neovolcanic zones of both active spreading centers. We interpret these reduced resistivities as evidence of active hydrothermal circulation within the uppermost 1 km of hot, young oceanic crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB00599","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Evans, R., Webb, S.C., Jegen, M., and Sananikone, K., 1998, Hydrothermal circulation at the Cleft-Vance overlapping spreading center: Results of a magnetometric resistivity survey: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 6, p. 12321-12338, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00599.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"12321","endPage":"12338","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489105,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb00599","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a379be4b0c8380cd60ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, R.L.","contributorId":45862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, S. C.","contributorId":45741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jegen, M.","contributorId":74904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jegen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sananikone, K.","contributorId":52362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sananikone","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020933,"text":"70020933 - 1998 - Upper Paleocene and lowermost Eocene angiosperm pollen biostratigraphy of the eastern Gulf Coast and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70020933","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Paleocene and lowermost Eocene angiosperm pollen biostratigraphy of the eastern Gulf Coast and Virginia","docAbstract":"Strata comprising most of the upper Paleocene in eastern North America are divided into two new pollen zones, the Carya and Platycarya platycaryoides Interval Zones. Pollen data have proven to be important for correlations between Alabama-western Georgia and eastern Mississippi and between the eastern Gulf Coast and Virginia. Migration of tropical plant taxa from the Caribbean to the Gulf Coast began at least 4 m.y. before the end of the Paleocene. The Terminal Paleocene Extinction Event, accompanied by a distinct pulse of plant immigration from Europe, began several hundred thousand years before the end of the Paleocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., 1998, Upper Paleocene and lowermost Eocene angiosperm pollen biostratigraphy of the eastern Gulf Coast and Virginia: Micropaleontology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 45-68.","startPage":"45","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd45e4b08c986b328f42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, N. O.","contributorId":78356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020780,"text":"70020780 - 1998 - Validation of daily increments in otoliths of northern squawfish larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020780","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of daily increments in otoliths of northern squawfish larvae","docAbstract":"Otoliths from laboratory-reared northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis, larvae were examined to determine the periodicity of increment deposition. Increment deposition began in both sagittae and lapilli after hatching. Reader counts indicated that increment formation was daily in sagittae of 1-29-day-old larvae. However, increment counts from lapilli were significantly less than the known ages of northern squawfish larvae, possibly because some increments were not detectable. Otolith readability and age agreement among readers were greatest for young (<11 days) northern squawfish larvae. This was primarily because a transitional zone of low-contrast material began forming in otoliths of 8-11-day-old larvae and persisted until approximately 20 days after hatching. Formation of the transition zone appeared to coincide with the onset of exogenous feeding and continued through yolk sac absorption. Our results indicate that aging wild-caught northern squawfish larvae using daily otolith increment counts is possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Fish and Game","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00081078","usgsCitation":"Wertheimer, R., and Barfoot, C., 1998, Validation of daily increments in otoliths of northern squawfish larvae: California Fish and Game, v. 84, no. 4, p. 170-175.","startPage":"170","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0ffe4b08c986b32a3fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wertheimer, R.H.","contributorId":60406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wertheimer","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barfoot, C.A.","contributorId":51490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barfoot","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}