We describe a new and efficient technique to grow aggregates of pure methane hydrate in quantities suitable for physical and material properties testing. Test specimens were grown under static conditions by combining cold, pressurized CH4 gas with granulated H2O ice, and then warming the reactants to promote the reaction CH4(g) + 6H2O(s→l) → CH4·6H2O (methane hydrate). Hydrate formation evidently occurs at the nascent ice/liquid water interface on ice grain surfaces, and complete reaction was achieved by warming the system above the ice melting point and up to 290 K, at 25−30 MPa, for approximately 8 h. The resulting material is pure, cohesive, polycrystalline methane hydrate with controlled grain size and random orientation. Synthesis conditions placed the H2O ice well above its melting temperature while reaction progressed, yet samples and run records showed no evidence for bulk melting of the unreacted portions of ice grains. Control experiments using Ne, a non-hydrate-forming gas, showed that under otherwise identical conditions, the pressure reduction and latent heat associated with ice melting are easily detectable in our fabrication apparatus. These results suggest that under hydrate-forming conditions, H2O ice can persist metastably to temperatures well above its ordinary melting point while reacting to form hydrate. Direct observations of the hydrate growth process in a small, high-pressure optical cell verified these conclusions and revealed additional details of the hydrate growth process. Methane hydrate samples were then tested in constant-strain-rate deformation experiments at T = 140−200 K, Pc = 50−100 MPa, and ε = 10-4−10-6 s-1. Measurements in both the brittle and ductile fields showed that methane hydrate has measurably different strength than H2O ice, and work hardens to an unusually high degree compared to other ices as well as to most metals and ceramics at high homologous temperatures. This work hardening may be related to a changing stoichiometry under pressure during plastic deformation; X-ray analyses showed that methane hydrate undergoes a process of solid-state disproportionation or exsolution during deformation at conditions well within its conventional stability field.
Specification of an appropriate model is critical to valid statistical inference. Given the “true model” for the data is unknown, the goal of model selection is to select a plausible approximating model that balances model bias and sampling variance. Model selection based on information criteria such as AIC or its variant AICc, or criteria like CAIC, has proven useful in a variety of contexts including the analysis of open-population capture-recapture data. These criteria have not been intensively evaluated for closed-population capture-recapture models, which are integer parameter models used to estimate population size (N), and there is concern that they will not perform well. To address this concern, we evaluated AIC, AICc, and CAIC model selection for closed-population capture-recapture models by empirically assessing the quality of inference for the population size parameter N. We found that AIC-, AICc-, and CAIC-selected models had smaller relative mean squared errors than randomly selected models, but that confidence interval coverage on N was poor unless unconditional variance estimates (which incorporate model uncertainty) were used to compute confidence intervals. Overall, AIC and AICc outperformed CAIC, and are preferred to CAIC for selection among the closed-population capture-recapture models we investigated. A model averaging approach to estimation, using AIC, AICc, or CAIC to estimate weights, was also investigated and proved superior to estimation using AIC-, AICc-, or CAIC-selected models. Our results suggested that, for model averaging, AIC or AICc should be favored over CAIC for estimating weights.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(199808)40:4%3C475::AID-BIMJ475%3E3.0.CO;2-%23","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., and Burnham, K.P., 1998, Information-theoretic model selection and model averaging for closed-population capture-recapture studies: Biometrical Journal, v. 40, no. 4, p. 475-494, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(199808)40:4%3C475::AID-BIMJ475%3E3.0.CO;2-%23.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bbae4b0c8380cd627bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020126,"text":"70020126 - 1998 - New approach to analyzing soil-building systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020126","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New approach to analyzing soil-building systems","docAbstract":"A new method of analyzing seismic response of soil-building systems is introduced. The method is based on the discrete-time formulation of wave propagation in layered media for vertically propagating plane shear waves. Buildings are modeled as an extension of the layered soil media by assuming that each story in the building is another layer. The seismic response is expressed in terms of wave travel times between the layers, and the wave reflection and transmission coefficients at layer interfaces. The calculation of the response is reduced to a pair of simple finite-difference equations for each layer, which are solved recursively starting from the bedrock. Compared with commonly used vibration formulation, the wave propagation formulation provides several advantages, including the ability to incorporate soil layers, simplicity of the calculations, improved accuracy in modeling the mass and damping, and better tools for system identification and damage detection.A new method of analyzing seismic response of soil-building systems is introduced. The method is based on the discrete-time formulation of wave propagation in layered media for vertically propagating plane shear waves. Buildings are modeled as an extension of the layered soil media by assuming that each story in the building is another layer. The seismic response is expressed in terms of wave travel times between the layers, and the wave reflection and transmission coefficients at layer interfaces. The calculation of the response is reduced to a pair of simple finite-difference equations for each layer, which are solved recursively starting from the bedrock. Compared with commonly used vibration formulation, the wave propagation formulation provides several advantages, including the ability to incorporate soil layers, simplicity of the calculations, improved accuracy in modeling the mass and damping, and better tools for system identification and damage detection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(98)00007-4","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 1998, New approach to analyzing soil-building systems: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 17, no. 7-8, p. 509-517, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(98)00007-4.","startPage":"509","endPage":"517","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(98)00007-4"},{"id":227789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6558e4b0c8380cd72b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020433,"text":"70020433 - 1998 - The interplinian activity at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020433","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interplinian activity at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years","docAbstract":"Between 1884 B.C. and A.D. 472, eruptive activity at Somma-Vesuvius was dominated by the three plinian eruptions of Avellino (3550 yr B.P.), Pompei (A.D. 79) and A.D. 472 and, as a result, little attention has been given to the intervening interplinian activity. The interplinian events are here reconstructed using new data from twenty stratigraphic sections around the lower flanks of the volcano. Three main eruptions have been identified fro the protohistoric period (3550 yr B.P.-A.D. 79). The first two occurred shortly after the Avellino event and both show a progression from magmatic to phreatomagmatic behaviour. The third eruption (2700 B.P.) consisted of five phreatomagmetic episodes separated by the emplacement of mud flows. Only one event, the explosive erupton of A.D. 203, has been identified for the ancient historic period (A.D. 79-472). In contrast, the A.D. 472 eruption was followed during the medievel period (A.D. 472-1631) by comparatively vigorous interplinian activity, including four strombolian-phreatomagmatic events and extensive lava effusion, which formed a summit cone (destroyed in A.D. 1631) similar to that on Vesuvius today. Such regular alternations of plinian and interplinian events are evident only since 3550 yr B.P. and provide important constraints for forecasting future behaviour at Somma-Vesuvius.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00056-5","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Rolandi, G., Petrosino, P., and Mc, G.J., 1998, The interplinian activity at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 82, no. 1-4, p. 19-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00056-5.","startPage":"19","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00056-5"},{"id":231256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad59e4b08c986b323b67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rolandi, G.","contributorId":76472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rolandi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrosino, P.","contributorId":92826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrosino","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mc, Geehin J.","contributorId":85356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mc","given":"Geehin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020383,"text":"70020383 - 1998 - Implications for the use of diflubenzuron to reduce arthropod populations inhabiting evaporation ponds of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020383","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications for the use of diflubenzuron to reduce arthropod populations inhabiting evaporation ponds of the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s001289900683","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"McCasland, C., Cooper, R., and Barnum, D.A., 1998, Implications for the use of diflubenzuron to reduce arthropod populations inhabiting evaporation ponds of the San Joaquin Valley, California: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 60, no. 5, p. 702-708, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900683.","startPage":"702","endPage":"708","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900683"},{"id":231055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a391be4b0c8380cd617db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCasland, C.S.","contributorId":104440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCasland","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnum, D. A.","contributorId":62536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnum","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020122,"text":"70020122 - 1998 - DNA and allozyme markers provide concordant estimates of population differentiation: Analyses of U.S. and Canadian populations of Yukon River fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:20:12","indexId":"70020122","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DNA and allozyme markers provide concordant estimates of population differentiation: Analyses of U.S. and Canadian populations of Yukon River fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)","docAbstract":"Although the number of genetic markers available for fisheries research has steadily increased in recent years, there is limited information on their relative utility. In this study, we compared the performance of different \"classes\" of genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear DNA (nDNA), and allozymes) in terms of estimating levels and partitioning of genetic variation and of the relative accuracy and precision in estimating population allocations to mixed-stock fisheries. Individuals from eight populations of fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Yukon River in Alaska and Canada were assayed at 25 loci. Significant differences in mitochondrial haplotype and nuclear allele frequencies were observed among five drainages. Populations from the U.S.-Canada border region were not clearly distinguishable based on multilocus allele frequencies. Although estimates of total genetic diversities were higher for the DNA loci (Ht = 0.592 and h = 0.647 for nDNA and mtDNA, respectively) compared with protein allozymes (Ht = 0.250), estimates of the extent of population differentiation were highly concordant across marker classes (mean theta = 0.010, 0.011, and 0.016 for allozymes, nDNA, and mtDNA, respectively). Simulations of mixed-stock fisheries composed of varying contributions of U.S. and Canadian populations revealed a consistent bias for overallocation of Canadian stocks when expected Canadian contributions varied from 0 to 40%, due primarily to misallocations among genetically similar border populations. No single marker class is superior for differentiating populations of this species at the spatial scale examined.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRS Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f98-063","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Crane, P.A., Spearman, W., and Seeb, L.W., 1998, DNA and allozyme markers provide concordant estimates of population differentiation: Analyses of U.S. and Canadian populations of Yukon River fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 7, p. 1748-1758, https://doi.org/10.1139/f98-063.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1748","endPage":"1758","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","volume":"55","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd4de4b0c8380cd4e763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crane, Penelope A.","contributorId":40743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crane","given":"Penelope","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spearman, William J.","contributorId":28560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spearman","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seeb, Lisa W.","contributorId":66008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seeb","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020207,"text":"70020207 - 1998 - Nonlinear refraction and reflection travel time tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T13:20:13","indexId":"70020207","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear refraction and reflection travel time tomography","docAbstract":"We develop a rapid nonlinear travel time tomography method that simultaneously inverts refraction and reflection travel times on a regular velocity grid. For travel time and ray path calculations, we apply a wave front method employing graph theory. The first-arrival refraction travel times are calculated on the basis of cell velocities, and the later refraction and reflection travel times are computed using both cell velocities and given interfaces. We solve a regularized nonlinear inverse problem. A Laplacian operator is applied to regularize the model parameters (cell slownesses and reflector geometry) so that the inverse problem is valid for a continuum. The travel times are also regularized such that we invert travel time curves rather than travel time points. A conjugate gradient method is applied to minimize the nonlinear objective function. After obtaining a solution, we perform nonlinear Monte Carlo inversions for uncertainty analysis and compute the posterior model covariance. In numerical experiments, we demonstrate that combining the first arrival refraction travel times with later reflection travel times can better reconstruct the velocity field as well as the reflector geometry. This combination is particularly important for modeling crustal structures where large velocity variations occur in the upper crust. We apply this approach to model the crustal structure of the California Borderland using ocean bottom seismometer and land data collected during the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment along two marine survey lines. Details of our image include a high-velocity zone under the Catalina Ridge, but a smooth gradient zone between. Catalina Ridge and San Clemente Ridge. The Moho depth is about 22 km with lateral variations. Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/98JB01981","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Zhang, J., ten Brink, U., and Toksoz, M., 1998, Nonlinear refraction and reflection travel time tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B12, p. 29743-29757, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01981.","startPage":"29743","endPage":"29757","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb01981","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295333,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JB01981"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a678ce4b0c8380cd733b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toksoz, M.N.","contributorId":10579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toksoz","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175559,"text":"70175559 - 1998 - Foreword","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T16:32:58","indexId":"70175559","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreword","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161667","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., Scott, M.L., and Patten, D., 1998, Foreword: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 4, p. 497-497, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161667.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"497","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43946e4b03bcb01039fbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patten, Duncan","contributorId":146522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patten","given":"Duncan","affiliations":[{"id":13655,"text":"Montana State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020336,"text":"70020336 - 1998 - A controlled experiment in ground water flow model calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T12:28:36.028346","indexId":"70020336","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A controlled experiment in ground water flow model calibration","docAbstract":"Nonlinear regression was introduced to ground water modeling in the 1970s, but has been used very little to calibrate numerical models of complicated ground water systems. Apparently, nonlinear regression is thought by many to be incapable of addressing such complex problems. With what we believe to be the most complicated synthetic test case used for such a study, this work investigates using nonlinear regression in ground water model calibration. Results of the study fall into two categories. First, the study demonstrates how systematic use of a well designed nonlinear regression method can indicate the importance of different types of data and can lead to successive improvement of models and their parameterizations. Our method differs from previous methods presented in the ground water literature in that (1) weighting is more closely related to expected data errors than is usually the case; (2) defined diagnostic statistics allow for more effective evaluation of the available data, the model, and their interaction; and (3) prior information is used more cautiously. Second, our results challenge some commonly held beliefs about model calibration. For the test case considered, we show that (1) field measured values of hydraulic conductivity are not as directly applicable to models as their use in some geostatistical methods imply; (2) a unique model does not necessarily need to be identified to obtain accurate predictions; and (3) in the absence of obvious model bias, model error was normally distributed. The complexity of the test case involved implies that the methods used and conclusions drawn are likely to be powerful in practice.
Chlorine-36 is a radionuclide with a half-life of 3.01×105a. Most 36Cl in the hydrosphere originates from cosmic radiation interacting with atmospheric gases. Large amounts were also produced by testing thermonuclear devices during 1952–58. Because the monovalent anion, chloride, is the most common form of chlorine found in the hydrosphere and because it is extremely mobile in aqueous systems, analyses of both total Cl– as well as 36Cl have been important in numerous hydrologic studies. In almost all applications of 36Cl, a knowledge of the initial, or pre-anthropogenic, levels of 36Cl is useful, as well as essential in some cases. Standard approaches to the determination of initial values have been to: (a) calculate the theoretical cosmogenic production and fallout, which varies according to latitude; (b) measure 36Cl in present-day precipitation and assume that anthropogenic components can be neglected; (c) assume that shallow groundwater retains a record of the initial concentration; (d) extract 36Cl from vertical depth profiles in desert soils; (e) recover 36Cl from cores of glacial ice; and (f) calculate subsurface production of 36Cl for water that has been isolated from the atmosphere for more than one million years. The initial value from soil profiles and ice cores is taken as the value that occurs directly below the depth of the easily defined bomb peak. All six methods have serious weaknesses. Complicating factors include 36Cl concentrations not related to cosmogenic sources, changes in cosmogenic production with time, mixed sources of chloride in groundwater, melting and refreezing of water in glaciers, and seasonal groundwater recharge that does not contain average year-long concentrations of 36Cl.
We describe and compare the migration routes, length of migration, and duration of migration of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus tundrius and Swainson's Hawks Buteo swainsoni in the Western Hemisphere. We radio tracked migrants using the Argos satellite system. Our initial samples were 34 Swainson's Hawks from representative areas of their breeding range, and 61 Peregrine Falcons captured at nest sites across the North American boreal forest and low Arctic or on the migration routes along the mid-Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. The average distance of migration for Peregrines was 8,624 km southward, and 8,247 km northward. Peregrines travelled at an average rate of 172 km/d southward and 198 km/d going north. Peregrine Falcons used at least three broad, general routes south from the breeding areas, and individuals stopped migrating as far north as the U.S.A. mid-Atlantic coast and as far south as central Argentina. The radiomarked Peregrine Falcons used coastal routes, mid-continental routes, and water-crossing routes: the Davis Strait and Caribbean Sea. During northward migration, Peregrines migrating through at Padre Island, Texas diverged for destinations from central Alaska across the continent to central West Greenland. Swainson's Hawks migrated an average of about 13,504 km southward and 11,952 km northward, and travelled 188 km/d southward and 150 km/d northward. Swainson's Hawks converged in eastern Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico coast. Southward, these hawks followed a narrow, well-defined path through Central America, across the Andes Mountains in Columbia, and east of the Andes to central Argentina where they all spent the austral summer. Swainson's Hawks northward migration largely retraced their southward route.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3677162","usgsCitation":"Fuller, M.R., Seegar, W.S., and Schueck, L., 1998, Routes and travel rates of migrating Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus and Swainson's Hawks Buteo swainsoni in the Western Hemisphere: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 433-440, https://doi.org/10.2307/3677162.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaea8e4b0c8380cd8715f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seegar, William S.","contributorId":97013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schueck, Linda S. 0000-0003-0456-1131 lschueck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-1131","contributorId":48516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schueck","given":"Linda S.","email":"lschueck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020289,"text":"70020289 - 1998 - Relationships between Boron concentrations and trout in the firehole river, Wyoming: Historical information and preliminary results of a field study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70020289","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relationships between Boron concentrations and trout in the firehole river, Wyoming: Historical information and preliminary results of a field study","docAbstract":"The Firehole River (FHR) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) is a world- renowned recreational fishery that predominantly includes rainbow trout (RBT, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (BNT, Salmo trutta). The trout populations apparently are closed to immigration and have been self- sustaining since 1955. Inputs from hot springs and geysers increase the temperature and mineral content of the water, including elevating the boron (B) concentrations to a maximum of ~1 mg B/L. Both RBT and BNT reside in warm-water reaches, except when the water is extremely warm (???~25??C) during midsummer. They spawn in late fall and early winter, with documented spawning of BNT in the cold-water reach upstream from the Upper Geyser Basin and of RBT in the Lower Geyser Basin reach, where water temperatures presumably are the warmest; however, successful recruitment of RBT in waters containing ~1 mg B/L has not been demonstrated conclusively. Thus, we began investigating the relationships among temperature, B concentrations, other water-quality parameters, and the distribution and reproduction of trout in the FHR in spring 1997. However, atypical high water flows and concomitant lower than historical temperatures and B concentrations during summer 1997 preclude conclusions about avoidance of high B concentrations.","largerWorkTitle":"Biological Trace Element Research","language":"English","issn":"01634984","usgsCitation":"Meyer, J., Boelter, A., Woodward, D.F., Goldstein, J., Farag, A., and Hubert, W., 1998, Relationships between Boron concentrations and trout in the firehole river, Wyoming: Historical information and preliminary results of a field study, in Biological Trace Element Research, v. 66, no. 1-3, p. 167-184.","startPage":"167","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a78fe4b0e8fec6cdc4e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boelter, A.M.","contributorId":107874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boelter","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, J.N.","contributorId":105454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020286,"text":"70020286 - 1998 - Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020286","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names","docAbstract":"This report embodies recommendations on zeolite nomenclature approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. In a working definition of a zeolite mineral used for this review, structures containing an interrupted containing an interrupted framework of tetrahedra are accepted where other zeolitic properties prevail, and complete substitution by elements other than Si and Al is alloowed. Separate species are recognized in topologically distinctive compositional series in which different extra-framework cations are the most abundant in atomic proportions. To name these, the appropriate chemical symbol is attached by a hyphen to the series name as a suffix, except for the names harmotome, pollucite and wairakite in the phillipsite and analcime series. Differences in space-group symmetry and in order-disorder relationships in zeolites having the same topologically distinctive framework do not in general provide adequate grounds for recognition of separate species. Zeolite species are not to be distinguished solely in Si:Al ratio except for heulandite (Si:Al < 4.0) and clinoptilolite (Si:Al ??? 4.0). Dehydration, partial hydration and over-hydration are not sufficient grounds for the recognition of separate species of zeolites. Use of the term 'ideal formula' should be avoided in referring to a simplified or averaged formula of zeolite. Newly recognized species in compositional series are as follows: brewsterite-Sr, -Ba; chabazite-Ca, -Na, -K; clinoptilolite-K, -Na, -Ca; dechiardite-Ca, -Na; erionite-Na, -K, -Ca,; faujasite-Na, -Ca, -Mg; ferrierite-Mg, -K, -Na; gmelinite-Na, -Ca, -K; heulandite-Ca, -Na, -K, -Sr; levyne-Ca, -Na; paulingite-K, -Ca; phillipsite-Na, -Ca, -K stilbite-Ca, -Na. Key references, type locality, origin of name, chemical data, IZA structure-type symbols, space-group symmetry, unit-cell dimensions, and comments on structure are listed for 13 compositional series, 82 accepted zeolite mineral species, and three of doubtful status. Herschelite, leonhardite, svetlozarite and wellsite are discredited as mineral species names. Obsolete and discredited names are listed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09351221","usgsCitation":"Coombs, D., Alberti, A., Armbruster, T., Artioli, G., Colella, C., Galli, E., Grice, J.D., Liebau, F., Mandarino, J., Minato, H., Nickel, E., Passaglia, E., Peacor, D., Quartieri, S., Rinaldi, R., Ross, M., Sheppard, R., Tillmanns, E., and Vezzalini, G., 1998, Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1037-1081.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1081","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9694e4b0c8380cd8209a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, D.S.","contributorId":77700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alberti, A.","contributorId":84109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alberti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armbruster, T.","contributorId":47941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artioli, G.","contributorId":6220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artioli","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colella, C.","contributorId":97673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colella","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Galli, E.","contributorId":95230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grice, Joel D.","contributorId":102210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grice","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liebau, F.","contributorId":98498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebau","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mandarino, J.A.","contributorId":58805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandarino","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Minato, H.","contributorId":10580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minato","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nickel, E.H.","contributorId":58421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickel","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Passaglia, E.","contributorId":7451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passaglia","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Peacor, D.R.","contributorId":55970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacor","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Quartieri, S.","contributorId":47118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quartieri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Rinaldi, R.","contributorId":23713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinaldi","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ross, M.","contributorId":8026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sheppard, R.A.","contributorId":22361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tillmanns, E.","contributorId":56830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillmanns","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Vezzalini, G.","contributorId":38324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vezzalini","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70020345,"text":"70020345 - 1998 - Riverine based eco-tourism: Trinity River non-market benefits estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T17:36:10.234468","indexId":"70020345","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2074,"text":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riverine based eco-tourism: Trinity River non-market benefits estimates","docAbstract":"California's Central Valley Project (CVP) was approved by voters in a statewide referendum in 1933. CVP referendum approval initiated funding for construction of important water development projects that had far reaching effects on regional water supplies. The construction of Trinity Dam in 1963 and the subsequent transbasin diversion of Trinity River flow was one of several CVP projects that had noteworthy adverse environmental and regional economic impacts. The Trinity River is the largest tributary of the Klamath River, and has its headwaters in the Trinity Alps of north-central California. After the construction of Trinity Dam in 1963, 90% of the Trinity River flow at Lewiston was moved to the Sacramento River via the Clear Creek Tunnel. Before 1963, the Trinity River was a major recreation resource of Northern California. The loss of stream flow has had a marked adverse impact on Trinity River-related recreation activities and the size and robustness of Trinity River salmon, steelhead, shad, and sturgeon runs. Trinity River water produces hydropower during its transit via Bureau of Reclamation canals and pumps to the northern San Joaquin Valley, where it is used for irrigated agriculture. The benefits provided by Trinity River instream flow-related environmental amenities were estimated with the travel cost method (TCM). Trinity River non-market benefits are about $406 million per annum, while the social cost of sending water down the Trinity River ranges from $17 to $42 million per annum, depending on the exact flow. We also discuss the relative magnitude of Trinity River survey data contingent value method (CVM) benefits estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/13504509809469977","issn":"13504509","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., and Taylor, J.G., 1998, Riverine based eco-tourism: Trinity River non-market benefits estimates: International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 136-148, https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509809469977.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadc2e4b0c8380cd86f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, A. J.","contributorId":11172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020251,"text":"70020251 - 1998 - Tracing solute mobility at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Variations in Na+, Cl-, and H4SiO4 concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70020251","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing solute mobility at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Variations in Na+, Cl-, and H4SiO4 concentrations","docAbstract":"Concentration variations of sodium (N+). chloride (Cl-). and dissolved silica (H4SiO4) in rainfall, throughfall, soil water, groundwater and streamwater were evaluated at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed near Atlanta, Georgia, to determine how variations in concentrations of these solutes provide greater understanding of water quality evolution at the hillslope and catchment scales Stormwater moves rapidly to depth along preferred pathways in a deciduous forest hillslope, but the composition of the mobile unsaturated zone water in the hillslope is not reflected in compositional variations of streamwater during rainstorms. The Na+, Cl-, and H4SiO4 concentrations behave similarly in streamwater, decreasing with increasing discharge and increasing with water residence time. Consequently, the lowest flows are associated with the highest concentrations and the oldest water. Streamwater composition is most similar to groundwater and stormflow variations reflect a dilution of groundwater. Subtle differences in the relations among solute concentrations and discharge reflect different sources, especially for Cl-. For example, the residence time of groundwater, as inferred from landscape position, generally is positively related to Na+ and H4SiO4 concentrations, but not to Cl- concentrations. The Na+ and H4SiO4 are derived from mineral weathering and are continuously supplied along hydrological pathways. In contrast, Cl- is derived from atmospheric deposition and is affected only by evapotranspiration (ET) and transport. ET increases Cl- concentrations in matrix soil waters, which are subsequently transported to the saturated zone where Cl- is effectively isolated from further evaporative concentration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Ratcliffe, E., and Tranter, M., 1998, Tracing solute mobility at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Variations in Na+, Cl-, and H4SiO4 concentrations: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 248, p. 483-490.","startPage":"483","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb695e4b08c986b326d63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, E.B.","contributorId":33857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tranter, M.","contributorId":22525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tranter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020341,"text":"70020341 - 1998 - Classification of surface types using SIR-C/X-SAR, Mount Everest Area, Tibet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:04:24","indexId":"70020341","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of surface types using SIR-C/X-SAR, Mount Everest Area, Tibet","docAbstract":"Imaging radar is a promising tool for mapping snow and ice cover in alpine regions. It combines a high-resolution, day or night, all-weather imaging capability with sensitivity to hydrologic and climatic snow and ice parameters. We use the spaceborne imaging radar-C/X-band synthetic aperture radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) to map snow and glacial ice on the rugged north slope of Mount Everest. From interferometrically derived digital elevation data, we compute the terrain calibration factor and cosine of the local illumination angle. We then process and terrain-correct radar data sets acquired on April 16, 1994. In addition to the spectral data, we include surface slope to improve discrimination among several surface types. These data sets are then used in a decision tree to generate an image classification. This method is successful in identifying and mapping scree/talus, dry snow, dry snow-covered glacier, wet snow-covered glacier, and rock-covered glacier, as corroborated by comparison with existing surface cover maps and other ancillary information. Application of the classification scheme to data acquired on October 7 of the same year yields accurate results for most surface types but underreports the extent of dry snow cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/98JE01893","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Albright, T.P., Painter, T.H., Roberts, D.A., Shi, J., Dozier, J., and Fielding, E., 1998, Classification of surface types using SIR-C/X-SAR, Mount Everest Area, Tibet: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 103, no. E11, p. 25823-25833, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01893.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25823","endPage":"25833","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479858,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je01893","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"E11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f61de4b0c8380cd4c5d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albright, Thomas P.","contributorId":78114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albright","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Thomas H.","contributorId":12378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Dar A.","contributorId":100503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Dar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12804,"text":"Univ. of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, Jiancheng","contributorId":11374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Jiancheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dozier, Jeff","contributorId":190695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dozier","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fielding, Eric","contributorId":50434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020216,"text":"70020216 - 1998 - Gas hydrate formation in the deep sea: In situ experiments with controlled release of methane, natural gas, and carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T01:02:25.412324","indexId":"70020216","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate formation in the deep sea: In situ experiments with controlled release of methane, natural gas, and carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"We have utilized a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to initiate a program of research into gas hydrate formation in the deep sea by controlled release of hydrocarbon gases and liquid CO2 into natural sea water and marine sediments. Our objectives were to investigate the formation rates and growth patterns of gas hydrates in natural systems and to assess the geochemical stability of the reaction products over time. The novel experimental procedures used the carrying capacity, imaging capability, and control mechanisms of the ROV to transport gas cylinders to depth and to open valves selectively under desired P−T conditions to release the gas either into contained natural sea water or into sediments. In experiments in Monterey Bay, California, at 910 m depth and 3.9 °C water temperature we find hydrate formation to be nearly instantaneous for a variety of gases. In sediments the pattern of hydrate formation is dependent on the pore size, with flooding of the pore spaces in a coarse sand yielding a hydrate cemented mass, and gas channeling in a fine-grained mud creating a veined hydrate structure. In experiments with liquid CO2 the released globules appeared to form a hydrate skin as they slowly rose in the apparatus. An initial attempt to leave the experimental material on the sea floor for an extended period was partially successful; we observed an apparent complete dissolution of the liquid CO2 mass, and an apparent consolidation of the CH4 hydrate, over a period of about 85 days.
We experimentally infected juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), to examine the vulnerability to predation of fish with differing levels of Rs infection and assess physiological change during progression of the disease. Immersion challenges conducted during 1992 and 1994 produced fish with either a low to moderate (1992) or high (1994) infection level of Rs during the 14-week postchallenge rearing period. When equal numbers of treatment and unchallenged control fish were subjected to predation by either northern squaw fish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), Rs-challenged fish were eaten in significantly greater numbers than controls by nearly two to one. In 1994, we also sampled fish every 2 weeks after the challenge to determine some stressful effects of Rs infection. During disease progression in fish, plasma cortisol and lactate increased significantly whereas glucose decreased significantly. Our results indicate the role that BKD may play in predator-prey interactions, thus ascribing some ecological significance to this disease beyond that of direct pathogen-related mortality. In addition, the physiological changes observed in our fish during the chronic progression of BKD indicate that this disease is stressful, particularly during the later stages.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-55-7-1599","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M., Poe, T., Maule, A., and Schreck, C., 1998, Vulnerability to predation and physiological stress responses in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) experimentally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 7, p. 1599-1606, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-55-7-1599.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1599","endPage":"1606","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc387e4b08c986b32b226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020161,"text":"70020161 - 1998 - Application of the surface complexation concept to complex mineral assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:20:28","indexId":"70020161","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the surface complexation concept to complex mineral assemblages","docAbstract":"Two types of modeling approaches are illustrated for describing inorganic contaminant adsorption in aqueous environments: (a) the component additivity approach and (b) the generalized composite approach. Each approach is applied to simulate Zn2+ adsorption by a well-characterized sediment collected from an aquifer at Cape Cod, MA. Zn2+ adsorption by the sediment was studied in laboratory batch experiments with a range of pH and Zn(II) concentrations selected to encompass conditions observed in the aquifer. In the generalized composite approach, one, and two-site surface complexation model parameters were calibrated with the experimental data using FITEQL. The pH dependence of Zn2+ adsorption was simulated without explicit representation of electrostatic energy terms. Surface acidity constants and ion pair formation by major electrolyte ions were also not required in the model thereby minimizing the number of fitted parameters. Predictions of Zn2+ adsorption with the component additivity modeling approach did not simulate the experimental data adequately without manipulation of surface area or site density parameter values. To apply the component additivity approach to environmental sorbents, further research is needed to better characterize the composition of sediment surface coatings. The generalized composite modeling approach requires less information and can be viewed as more practical for application within solute transport models. With only three adjustable parameters, this approach could simulate Zn2+ adsorption over a range of chemical conditions that would cause several orders of magnitude variation in the distribution coefficient (K(d)) for Zn2+ within the aquifer.Two types of modeling approaches are illustrated for describing inorganic contaminant adsorption in aqueous environments: (a) the component additivity approach and (b) the generalized composite approach. Each approach is applied to simulate Zn2+ adsorption by a well-characterized sediment collected from an aquifer at Cape Cod, MA. Zn2+ adsorption by the sediment was studied in laboratory batch experiments with a range of pH and Zn(II) concentrations selected to encompass conditions observed in the aquifer. In the generalized composite approach, one- and two-site surface complexation model parameters were calibrated with the experimental data using FITEQL. The pH dependence of Zn2+ adsorption was simulated without explicit representation of electrostatic energy terms. Surface acidity constants and ion pair formation by major electrolyte ions were also not required in the model, thereby minimizing the number of fitted parameters. Predictions of Zn2+ adsorption with the component additivity modeling approach did not simulate the experimental data adequately without manipulation of surface area or site density parameter values. To apply the component additivity approach to environmental sorbents, further research is needed to better characterize the composition of sediment surface coatings. The generalized composite modeling approach requires less information and can be viewed as more practical for application within solute transport models. With only three adjustable parameters, this approach could simulate Zn2+ adsorption over a range of chemical conditions that would cause several orders of magnitude variation in the distribution coefficient (Kd) for Zn2+ within the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es980312q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Coston, J., Kent, D., and Fuller, C.C., 1998, Application of the surface complexation concept to complex mineral assemblages: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 19, p. 2820-2828, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980312q.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2820","endPage":"2828","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205970,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980312q"}],"volume":"32","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecbae4b0c8380cd49452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020360,"text":"70020360 - 1998 - Tritium-helium 3 dating under complex conditions in hydraulically stressed areas of a buried-valley aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:35:39","indexId":"70020360","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium-helium 3 dating under complex conditions in hydraulically stressed areas of a buried-valley aquifer","docAbstract":"The 3H-3He dating method is applied in a buried-valley aquifer near Dayton, Ohio. The study area is large, not all sampling locations lie along well-defined flow paths, and existing wells with variable screen lengths and diameters are used. Reliable use of the method at this site requires addressing several complications: (1) The flow system is disturbed because of high pumping rates and induced infiltration; (2) tritium contamination is present in several areas of the aquifer; and (3) radiogenic helium concentrations are elevated in a significant number of the wells. The 3H-3He ages are examined for self-consistency by comparing the reconstructed tritium evolution to the annual weighted tritium measured in precipitation; deviations result from dispersion, tritium contamination, and mixing. 3H-3He ages are next examined for consistency with chlorofluorocarbon ages; the agreement is poor because of degradation of CFCs. Finally, the 3H-3He ages are examined for consistency with the current understanding of local hydrologic processes; the ages are generally supported by hydrogeologic data and the results of groundwater flow modeling coupled with particle-tracking analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR03322","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, S.D., Rowe, G.L., Schlosser, P., Ludin, A., and Stute, M., 1998, Tritium-helium 3 dating under complex conditions in hydraulically stressed areas of a buried-valley aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1165-1180, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR03322.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr03322","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Dayton","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb874e4b08c986b32787e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle","contributorId":82738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"Dunkle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":385952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludin, Andrea","contributorId":93232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludin","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stute, Martin","contributorId":131127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stute","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7254,"text":"Columbia University - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020428,"text":"70020428 - 1998 - Development and application of a marine sediment pore-water toxicity test using Ulva fasciata zoospores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:08:52","indexId":"70020428","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of a marine sediment pore-water toxicity test using Ulva fasciata zoospores","docAbstract":"An acute (96 h) pore-water toxicity test protocol using germination and growth of Ulva fasciatazoospores as endpoints was developed to test the toxicity of marine and estuarine sediment pore-water samples. Tests with an organic toxicant (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS), three metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn), and ammonia (NH3) were conducted to determine zoospore sensitivity. Zoospore germination and gametophyte growth were as sensitive to SDS as sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development. Zoospore sensitivity to metals was greater than or comparable to that of adult macroalgae. Zoospores were less sensitive to NH3than were other commonly used toxicity test organisms. Test results using this algal assay with sediment pore-water samples with high NH3 concentrations were compared with results from sea urchin fertilization and embryological development tests for the same samples. Ulva fasciatazoospore germination was not affected by samples with high NH3 concentrations that were toxic in both sea urchin tests. Zoospore tolerance of NH3 and sensitivity to other contaminants indicate that their response may be useful in toxicity identification evaluation studies with pore-water samples that contain high concentrations of unionized NH3.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170524","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Hooten, R.L., and Carr, R.S., 1998, Development and application of a marine sediment pore-water toxicity test using Ulva fasciata zoospores: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 5, p. 932-940, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170524.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"932","endPage":"940","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0017e4b0c8380cd4f5ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Russell L.","contributorId":176809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooten","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, R. Scott","contributorId":14025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}