{"pageNumber":"3497","pageRowStart":"87400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70020633,"text":"70020633 - 1998 - Evidence for pressure-release melting beneath magmatic arcs from basalt at Galunggung, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020633","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for pressure-release melting beneath magmatic arcs from basalt at Galunggung, Indonesia","docAbstract":"The melting of peridotite in the mantle wedge above subduction zones is generally believed to involve hydrous fluids derived from the subducting slab. But if mantle peridotite is upwelling within the wedge, melting due to pressure release could also contribute to magma production. Here we present measurements of the volatile content of primitive magmas from Galunggung volcano in the Indonesian are which indicate that these magmas were derived from the pressure-release melting of hot mantle peridotite. The samples that we have analysed consist of mafic glass inclusions in high-magnesium basalts. The inclusions contain uniformly low H2O concentrations (0.21-0.38 wt%), yet relatively high levels of CO2 (up to 750 p.p.m.) indicating that the low H2O concentrations are primary and not due to degassing of the magma. Results from previous anhydrous melting experiments on a chemically similar Aleutian basalts indicate that the Galunggung high-magnesium basalts were last in equilibrium with peridotite at ~1,320 ??C and 1.2 GPa. These high temperatures at shallow sub-crustal levels (about 300-600 ??C hotter than predicted by geodynamic models), combined with the production of nearly H2O- free basaltic melts, provide strong evidence that pressure-release melting due to upwelling in the sub-are mantle has taken place. Regional low- potassium and low-H2O (ref. 5) basalts found in the Cascade are indicate that such upwelling-induced melting can be widespread.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/36087","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., and Bronto, S., 1998, Evidence for pressure-release melting beneath magmatic arcs from basalt at Galunggung, Indonesia: Nature, v. 391, no. 6670, p. 883-886, https://doi.org/10.1038/36087.","startPage":"883","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/36087"},{"id":231381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"391","issue":"6670","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4ee4b0c8380cd52f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronto, S.","contributorId":65633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronto","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020631,"text":"70020631 - 1998 - Long-term growth enhancement of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) from municipal wastewater application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T15:26:54","indexId":"70020631","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Long-term growth enhancement of baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i>) from municipal wastewater application","title":"Long-term growth enhancement of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) from municipal wastewater application","docAbstract":"<p>Tree ring analysis was used to document the long-term effects of municipal wastewater on the growth rate of baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i> (L.) Rich.]. <span>The study site, a swamp in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, has received municipal wastewater for the last 40 years. Growth chronologies from 1920 to 1992 were developed from cross-dated tree core samples taken from treated and control sites with similar size and age classes. Mean diameter increment (DINC) and mean basal area increment (BAI) chronologies were constructed separately for each stand. These chronologies were then summarized by tree and stand into seven nine-year intervals resulting in three pretreatment intervals from 1926 to 1952 and four treatment intervals from 1953 to 1988. Significant differences in growth response between sites showed a consistent pattern of growth enhancement in the treated site coincident with the onset of effluent discharge. The ratio of treated to control baldcypress growth rates (computed from DINC) averaged 0.74 during the pretreatment period and 1.53 during the treatment period. Over the period of study, control DINC decreased from 77 mm to 29 mm/nine-year interval, while treatment DINC increased slightly from 40 mm to 47 mm/nine-year interval. Control BAI did not increase significantly and averaged 192 cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>/nine-year interval. There was a significant increase in treatment BAI from 129 to 333 cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>/nine-year interval over the period of record. These results clearly demonstrate sustained long-term baldcypress growth enhancement throughout 40 years of municipal effluent discharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Secaucus, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1007/s002679900089","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Hesse, I., Day, J., and Doyle, T., 1998, Long-term growth enhancement of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) from municipal wastewater application: Environmental Management, v. 22, no. 1, p. 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900089.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.92123413085938,\n              29.78523727825047\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.67198181152344,\n              29.78523727825047\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.67198181152344,\n              29.943035391587742\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.92123413085938,\n              29.943035391587742\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.92123413085938,\n              29.78523727825047\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4992e4b0c8380cd6871a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hesse, I.D.","contributorId":24523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesse","given":"I.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":41792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020625,"text":"70020625 - 1998 - Glacioisostasy and Lake-Level Change at Moosehead Lake, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:18:29","indexId":"70020625","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacioisostasy and Lake-Level Change at Moosehead Lake, Maine","docAbstract":"Reconstructions of glacioisostatic rebound based on relative sea level in Maine and adjacent Canada do not agree well with existing geophysical models. In order to understand these discrepancies better, we investigated the lake-level history of 40-km-long Moosehead Lake in northwestern Maine. Glacioisostasy has affected the level of Moosehead Lake since deglaciation ca. 12,500 14C yr B.P. Lowstand features at the southeastern end and an abandoned outlet at the northwestern end of the lake indicate that the lake basin was tilted down to the northwest, toward the retreating ice sheet, by 0.7 m/km at 10,000 14C yr B.P. Water level then rose rapidly in the southeastern end of the lake, and the northwestern outlet was abandoned, indicating rapid relaxation of landscape tilt. Lowstand features at the northwestern end of the lake suggest that the lake basin was tilted to the southeast at ca. 8750 14C yr B.P., possibly as the result of a migrating isostatic forebulge. After 8000 14C yr B.P., water level at the southeastern end was again below present lake level and rose gradually thereafter. We found no evidence suggesting that postglacial climate change significantly affected lake level. The rebound history inferred from lake-level data is consistent with previous interpretations of nearby relative sealevel data, which indicate a significantly steeper and faster-moving ice-proximal depression and ice-distal forebulge than geophysical models predict. ?? 1998 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1998.1962","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Balco, G., Belknap, D.F., and Kelley, J.T., 1998, Glacioisostasy and Lake-Level Change at Moosehead Lake, Maine: Quaternary Research, v. 49, no. 2, p. 157-170, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1962.","startPage":"157","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266453,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1962"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2926e4b0c8380cd5a6ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balco, G.","contributorId":44317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balco","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020623,"text":"70020623 - 1998 - How perceptions have changed of world oil, gas resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:15:14","indexId":"70020623","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How perceptions have changed of world oil, gas resources","docAbstract":"In this article, some of the trends in the estimates of the oil and gas resources are examined, with a view toward better understanding world oil and gas resources in the context of the next few decades. Quantitative assessments facilitate recognition of the big picture, which is necessary for purposes of planning and investment, and also form the foundation for periodic adjustments to the big picture made necessary by changes in technology and scientific understanding.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J.W., and Dyman, T.S., 1998, How perceptions have changed of world oil, gas resources: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 96, no. 8, p. 77-79.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351787,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-96/issue-8/in-this-issue/exploration/how-perceptions-have-changed-of-world-oil-gas-resources.html"}],"volume":"96","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3253e4b0c8380cd5e706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, James W.","contributorId":52171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyman, Thaddeus S.","contributorId":83971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyman","given":"Thaddeus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020389,"text":"70020389 - 1998 - Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:09:19","indexId":"70020389","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">As part of the activities of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Interagency Consortium, an intermediate-scale land cover data set is being generated for the conterminous United States. This effort is being conducted on a region-by-region basis using U.S. Standard Federal Regions. To date, land cover data sets have been generated for Federal Regions 3 (Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware) and 2 (New York and New Jersey). Classification work is currently under way in Federal Region 4 (the southeastern United States), and land cover mapping activities have been started in Federal Regions 5 (the Great Lakes region) and 1 (New England). It is anticipated that a land cover data set for the conterminous United States will be completed by the end of 1999. A standard land cover classification legend is used, which is analogous to and compatible with other classification schemes. The primary MRLC regional classification scheme contains 23 land cover classes.</p><p class=\"Para\">The primary source of data for the project is the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) sensor. For each region, TM scenes representing both leaf-on and leaf-off conditions are acquired, preprocessed, and georeferenced to MRLC specifications. Mosaicked data are clustered using unsupervised classification, and individual clusters are labeled using aerial photographs. Individual clusters that represent more than one land cover unit are split using spatial modeling with multiple ancillary spatial data layers (most notably, digital elevation model, population, land use and land cover, and wetlands information). This approach yields regional land cover information suitable for a wide array of applications, including landscape metric analyses, land management, land cover change studies, and nutrient and pesticide runoff modeling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005996900217","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Sohl, T.L., Campbell, P., and Shaw, D., 1998, Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 415-428, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005996900217.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005996900217"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a535e4b0e8fec6cdbd83","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Veith G.","contributorId":128423,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Veith G.","id":536464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":16604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, P.V.","contributorId":29985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, D.M.","contributorId":46716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020616,"text":"70020616 - 1998 - Hydrologic and water-chemistry data from the Cretaceous-aquifers test well (BFT-2055), Beaufort County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T10:21:11","indexId":"70020616","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and water-chemistry data from the Cretaceous-aquifers test well (BFT-2055), Beaufort County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Test well BFT-2055 was drilled through the entire thickness of Coastal Plain sediments beneath central Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and terminated in bedrock at a depth of 3833 feet. The well was drilled to evaluate the hydraulic properties of the Cretaceous formations beneath Hilton Head Island as a potential source of supplemental water to supplies currently withdrawn from the Upper Floridan aquifer. The intervals tested include sediments of the Cape Fear and Middendorf Formations. Results from aquifer tests indicate that the transmissivity of the formations screened ranges from 1300 to 3000 feet squared per day and an average hydraulic conductivity of about 15 feet per day. Formation-fluid pressure tests indicate that the potential exists for upward ground-water flow from higher fluid pressures in the deeper Cape Fear and Middendorf Formations to lower fluid pressures in the Black Creek Formation and shallower units. A flowmeter test indicated that greater than 75 percent of the natural, unpumped flow in the well is from the screened intervals no deeper than 3100 feet. Water-chemistry analyses indicate that the water sampled from the Middendorf and Cape Fear has about 1450 milligrams per liter dissolved solids, 310 to 1000 milligrams per liter sodium, and 144 to 1600 milligrams per liter chloride. Because these chloride concentrations would render water pumped from these aquifers as nonpotable, it is unlikely that these aquifers will be used as a supplemental source of water for island residents without some form of pretreatment. Similar chloride concentrations are present in some wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer adjacent to Port Royal Sound, and these chloride concentrations were the primary reason for drilling the test well in the Cretaceous formations as a possible source of more potable water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., and Bradley, P., 1998, Hydrologic and water-chemistry data from the Cretaceous-aquifers test well (BFT-2055), Beaufort County, South Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 141-148.","startPage":"141","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Beaufort County","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a355de4b0c8380cd5fe61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014809,"text":"1014809 - 1998 - An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T15:30:46.471729","indexId":"1014809","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, <i>Picoides borealis</i>","title":"An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatially-explicit population models allow a link between demography and the landscape. We developed a spatially-explicit simulation model for the red-cockaded woodpecker,&nbsp;</span><i>Picoides borealis</i><span>, an endangered and territorial cooperative breeder endemic to the southeastern United States. This kind of model is especially appropriate for this species because it can incorporate the spatial constraints on dispersal of helpers, and because territory locations are predictable. The model combines demographic data from a long-term study with a description of the spatial location of territories. Sensitivity analysis of demographic parameters revealed that population stability was most sensitive to changes in female breeder mortality, mortality of female dispersers and the number of fledglings produced per brood. Population behavior was insensitive to initial stage distribution; reducing the initial number of birds by one-half had a negligible effect. Most importantly, we found that the spatial distribution of territories had as strong an effect on response to demographic stochasticity as territory number. Populations were stable when territories were highly aggregated, with as few as 49 territories. When territories were highly dispersed, more than 169 territories were required to achieve stability. Model results indicate the importance of considering the spatial distribution of territories in management plans, and suggest that this approach is worthy of further development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00019-6","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Priddy, J., Walters, J.R., and Crowder, L., 1998, An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis: Biological Conservation, v. 86, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00019-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Sandhills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.3945788012611,\n              34.818880586998134\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.66211033931289,\n              34.80194002557678\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.95027479178532,\n              34.90353113485962\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.74394564757431,\n              35.04301392230171\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.82647730525883,\n              35.47263766097372\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.67242679652291,\n              35.51883344420203\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.09540154215557,\n              35.13165194172102\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3945788012611,\n              34.818880586998134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68460a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Priddy, J.A.","contributorId":73962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priddy","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, J. R.","contributorId":91061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crowder, L.B.","contributorId":104437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020614,"text":"70020614 - 1998 - Comparative reproductive and physiological responses of northern bobwhite and scaled quail to water deprivation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T10:46:49","indexId":"70020614","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative reproductive and physiological responses of northern bobwhite and scaled quail to water deprivation","docAbstract":"<p>We compared reproductive and physiological responses of captive female northern bobwhite (<i>Colinus virginianus</i>) and scaled quail (<i>Callipepla squamata</i>) under control and water deprivation conditions. Scaled quail required less food and water to reproduce successfully under control conditions than northern bobwhite. Additionally, in scaled quail, serum osmolality levels and kidney mass were unaffected by water deprivation, whereas in northern bobwhite, serum osmolality levels increased and kidney mass declined. This finding indicates that scaled quail may have osmoregulatory abilities superior to those of northern bobwhite. Under control conditions, northern bobwhite gained more body mass and produced more but smaller eggs than scaled quail. Under water deprivation conditions, northern bobwhite lost more body mass but had more laying hens with a higher rate of egg production than scaled quail. Our data suggest that northern bobwhite allocated more resources to reproduction than to body maintenance, while scaled quail apparently forego reproduction in favor of body maintenance during water deprivation conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1095-6433(98)01015-0","issn":"10956433","usgsCitation":"Giuliano, W., Patino, R., and Lutz, R., 1998, Comparative reproductive and physiological responses of northern bobwhite and scaled quail to water deprivation: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, v. 119, no. 3, p. 781-786, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(98)01015-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"786","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f824e4b0c8380cd4cedd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giuliano, W.M.","contributorId":96864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giuliano","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutz, R.S.","contributorId":40156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020613,"text":"70020613 - 1998 - Viewpoint: Sustainability of piñon-juniper ecosystems - A unifying perspective of soil erosion thresholds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T12:17:05","indexId":"70020613","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viewpoint: Sustainability of piñon-juniper ecosystems - A unifying perspective of soil erosion thresholds","docAbstract":"<p>Many pinon-juniper ecosystem in the western U.S. are subject to accelerated erosion while others are undergoing little or no erosion. Controversy has developed over whether invading or encroaching pinon and juniper species are inherently harmful to rangeland ecosystems. We developed a conceptual model of soil erosion in pinon-jumper ecosystems that is consistent with both sides of the controversy and suggests that the diverse perspectives on this issue arise from threshold effects operating under very different site conditions. Soil erosion rate can be viewed as a function of (1) site erosion potential (SEP), determined by climate, geomorphology and soil erodibility; and (2) ground cover. Site erosion potential and cove act synergistically to determine soil erosion rates, as evident even from simple USLE predictions of erosion. In pinon-juniper ecosystem with high SEP, the erosion rate is highly sensitive to ground cover and can cross a threshold so that erosion increases dramatically in response to a small decrease in cover. The sensitivity of erosion rate to SEP and cover can be visualized as a cusp catastrophe surface on which changes may occur rapidly and irreversibly. The mechanisms associated with a rapid shift from low to high erosion rate can be illustrated using percolation theory to incorporate spatial, temporal, and scale-dependent patterns of water storage capacity on a hillslope. Percolation theory demonstrates how hillslope runoff can undergo a threshold response to a minor change in storage capacity. Our conceptual model suggests that pinion and juniper contribute to accelerated erosion only under a limited range of site conditions which, however, may exist over large areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2307/4003212","usgsCitation":"Davenport, D.W., Breshears, D., Wilcox, B., and Allen, C.D., 1998, Viewpoint: Sustainability of piñon-juniper ecosystems - A unifying perspective of soil erosion thresholds: Journal of Range Management, v. 51, no. 2, p. 231-240, https://doi.org/10.2307/4003212.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"240","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/644200","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc260e4b08c986b32aae0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davenport, David W.","contributorId":18135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, D.D.","contributorId":17952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, B.P.","contributorId":83490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020612,"text":"70020612 - 1998 - Does survey method bias the description of northern goshawk nest-site structure?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70020612","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does survey method bias the description of northern goshawk nest-site structure?","docAbstract":"Past studies on the nesting habitat of northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) often relied on nests found opportunistically, either during timber-sale operations, by searching apparently 'good' goshawk habitat, or by other search methods where areas were preselected based on known forest conditions. Therefore, a bias in the characterization of habitat surrounding northern goshawk nest sites may exist toward late-forest structure (large trees, high canopy closure). This potential problem has confounded interpretation of data on nesting habitat of northern goshawks and added to uncertainty in the review process to consider the species for federal listing as threatened or endangered. Systematic survey methods, which strive for complete coverage of an area and often use broadcasts of conspecific calls, have been developed to overcome these potential biases, but no study has compared habitat characteristics around nests found opportunistically with those found systematically. We compared habitat characteristics in a 0.4-ha area around nests found systematically (n = 27) versus those found opportunistically (n = 22) on 3 national forests in eastern Oregon. We found that both density of large trees (systematic: x?? = 16.4 ?? 3.1 trees/ha; x?? ?? SE; opportunistic: x?? = 21.3 ?? 3.2; P = 0.56) and canopy closure (systematic: x?? = 72 ?? 2%; opportunistic: x?? = 70 ?? 2%; P = 0.61) were similar around nests found with either search method. Our results diminish concern that past survey methods mischaracterized northern goshawk nest-site structure. However, because northern goshawks nest in a variety of forest cover types with a wide range of structural characteristics, these results do not decrease the value of systematic survey methods in determining the most representative habitat descriptions for northern goshawks. Rigorous survey protocols allow repeatability and comparability of monitoring efforts and results over time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Daw, S., DeStefano, S., and Steidl, R., 1998, Does survey method bias the description of northern goshawk nest-site structure?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 4, p. 1379-1384.","startPage":"1379","endPage":"1384","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0398e4b0c8380cd5056b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daw, S.K.","contributorId":20501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daw","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steidl, R.J.","contributorId":16383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steidl","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020603,"text":"70020603 - 1998 - Energy resources - cornucopia or empty barrel?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020603","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy resources - cornucopia or empty barrel?","docAbstract":"Over the last 25 yr, considerable debate has continued about the future supply of fossil fuel. On one side are those who believe we are rapidly depleting resources and that the resulting shortages will have a profound impact on society. On the other side are those who see no impending crisis because long-term trends are for cheaper prices despite rising production. The concepts of resources and reserves have historically created considerable misunderstanding in the minds of many nongeologists. Hubbert-type predictions of energy production assume that there is a finite supply of energy that is measurable; however, estimates of resources and reserves are inventories of the amounts of a fossil fuel perceived to be available over some future period of time. As those resources/reserves are depleted over time, additional amounts of fossil fuels are inventoried. Throughout most of this century, for example, crude oil reserves in the United States have represented a 10-14-yr supply. For the last 50 yr, resource crude oil estimates have represented about a 60-70-yr supply for the United States. Division of reserve or resource estimates by current or projected annual consumption therefore is circular in reasoning and can lead to highly erroneous conclusions. Production histories of fossil fuels are driven more by demand than by the geologic abundance of the resource. Examination of some energy resources with well-documented histories leads to two conceptual models that relate production to price. The closed-market model assumes that there is only one source of energy available. Although the price initially may fall because of economies of scale long term, prices rise as the energy source is depleted and it becomes progressively more expensive to extract. By contrast, the open-market model assumes that there is a variety of available energy sources and that competition among them leads to long-term stable or falling prices. At the moment, the United States and the world approximate the open-market model, but in the long run the supply of fossil fuel is finite, and prices inevitably will rise unless alternate energy sources substitute for fossil energy supplies; however, there appears little reason to suspect that long-term price trends will rise significantly over the next few decades.Over the last 25 years, considerable debate has continued about the future supply of fossil fuel. On one side are those who believe that resources are rapidly depleting and that the resulting shortages will have a profound impact on society. On the other side are those who see no impending crisis because longterm trends are for cheaper prices despite rising production. This paper examines historic trends and clarify the foundations on which one may build one's predictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"McCabe, P., 1998, Energy resources - cornucopia or empty barrel?: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 82, no. 11, p. 2110-2134.","startPage":"2110","endPage":"2134","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a094de4b0c8380cd51e70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, P.J.","contributorId":57608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020601,"text":"70020601 - 1998 - Reprocessing and reuse of waste tire rubber to solve air-quality related problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T00:58:59.758065","indexId":"70020601","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reprocessing and reuse of waste tire rubber to solve air-quality related problems","docAbstract":"There is a potential for using waste tire rubber to make activated-carbon adsorbents for air-quality control applications. Such an approach provides a recycling path for waste tires and the production of new adsorbents from a low-cost waste material. Tire-derived activated carbons (TDACs) were prepared from waste tires. The resulting products are generally mesoporous, with N2-BET specific surface areas ranging from 239 to 1031 m2/g. TDACs were tested for their ability to store natural gas and remove organic compounds and mercury species from gas streams. TDACs are able to achieve 36% of the recommended adsorbed natural gas (methane) storage capacity for natural-gas-fueled vehicles. Equilibrium adsorption capacities for CH4 achieved by TDACs are comparable to Calgon BPL, a commercially available activated-carbon adsorbent. The acetone adsorption capacity for a TDAC is 67% of the adsorption capacity achieved by BPL at 1 vol % acetone. Adsorption capacities of mercury in simulated flue-gas streams are, in general, larger than adsorption capacities achieved by coal-derived activated carbons (CDACs) and BPL. Although TDACs may not perform as well as commercial adsorbents in some air pollution control applications, the potential lower cost of TDACS should be considered when evaluating economics.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ef9801120","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Lehmann, C., Rostam-Abadi, M., Rood, M., and Sun, J., 1998, Reprocessing and reuse of waste tire rubber to solve air-quality related problems: Energy and Fuels, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1095-1099, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9801120.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1095","endPage":"1099","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa885e4b0c8380cd8595d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehmann, C.M.B.","contributorId":96862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehmann","given":"C.M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rood, M.J.","contributorId":15354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rood","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020342,"text":"70020342 - 1998 - The relative contributions of summer and cool-season precipitation to groundwater recharge, Spring Mountains, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T01:39:14.035262","indexId":"70020342","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative contributions of summer and cool-season precipitation to groundwater recharge, Spring Mountains, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p> A comparison of the stable-isotope signatures of spring waters, snow, snowmelt, summer (July thru September) rain, and cool season (October thru June) rain indicates that the high-intensity, short-duration summer convective storms, which contribute approximately a third of the annual precipitation to the Spring Mountains, provide only a small fraction (perhaps 10%) of the recharge to this major upland in southern Nevada, USA. Late spring snowmelt is the principal means of recharging the fractured Paleozoic-age carbonate rocks comprising the central and highest portion of the Spring Mountains. Daily discharge measurements at Peak Spring Canyon Creek during the period 1978–94 show that snowpacks were greatly enhanced during El Niño events.</p></div></div><div id=\"Abs2-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400050135","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I., Riggs, A., and Coplen, T., 1998, The relative contributions of summer and cool-season precipitation to groundwater recharge, Spring Mountains, Nevada, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 6, no. 1, p. 77-93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050135.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf29e4b08c986b3245c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riggs, A.C.","contributorId":41462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020600,"text":"70020600 - 1998 - No longer so clueless in seattle: Current assessment of earthquake hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020600","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1823,"text":"Geotechnical Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No longer so clueless in seattle: Current assessment of earthquake hazards","docAbstract":"The Pacific Northwest is an active subduction zone. Because of this tectonic setting, there are three distinct earthquake source zones in earthquake hazard assessments of the Seattle area. Offshore, the broad sloping interface between the Juan de Fuca and the North America plates produces earthquakes as large as magnitude 9; on the average these events occur every 400-600 years. The second source zone is within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate as it bends, at depths of 40-60 km, beneath the Puget lowland. Five earthquakes in this zone this century have had magnitudes greater than 6, including one magnitude 7.1 event in 1949. The third zone, the crust of the North America plate, is the least well known. Paleoseismic evidence shows that an event of approximate magnitude 7 occurred on the Seattle fault about 1000 years ago. Potentially very damaging to the heavily urbanized areas of Puget Sound, the rate of occurrence and area over which large magnitude crustal events are to be expected is the subject of considerable research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Weaver, C., 1998, No longer so clueless in seattle: Current assessment of earthquake hazards: Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 75 I, p. 39-52.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"75 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a670ee4b0c8380cd73152","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020594,"text":"70020594 - 1998 - Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T07:52:32","indexId":"70020594","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream","docAbstract":"The Little River, an ephemeral stream that drains a watershed of approximately 88 km2 in northern Florida, disappears into a series of sinkholes along the Cody Scarp and flows directly into the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer, the source of water supply in northern Florida. The changes in the geochemistry of ground water caused by a major recharge pulse from the sinking stream were investigated using chemical and isotopic tracers and mass-balance modeling techniques. Nine monitoring wells were installed open to the uppermost part of the aquifer in areas near the sinks where numerous subterranean karst solution features were identified using ground penetrating radar. During high-flow conditions in the Little River, the chemistry of water in some of the monitoring wells changed, reflecting the mixing of river water with ground water. Rapid recharge of river water into some parts of the aquifer during high-flow conditions was indicated by enriched values of delta 18O and delta deuterium (-1.67 to -3.17 per mil and -9.2 to -15.6 per mil, respectively), elevated concentrations of tannic acid, higher (more radiogenic) 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and lower concentrations of 222Rn, silica, and alkalinity compared to low-flow conditions. The proportion of river water that mixed with ground water ranged from 0.10 to 0.67 based on binary mixing models using the tracers 18O, deuterium, tannic acid, silica, 222Rn, and 87Sr/86Sr. On the basis of mass-balance modeling during steady-state flow conditions, the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water are the dissolution of calcite and dolomite in aquifer material, and aerobic degradation of organic matter.The Little River of northern Florida disappears into a series of sinkholes along the Cody Scarp and flows directly into the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer. The changes in the geochemistry of ground water caused by a major recharge pulse from the sinking stream were investigated using chemical and isotopic tracers and mass-balance modeling techniques. Nine monitoring wells were installed open to the uppermost part of the aquifer. During high-flow conditions in the Little River, the chemistry of water in some of the monitoring wells changed, reflecting the mixing of river water with ground water. Based on mass-balance modeling during steady-state flow conditions, it was found that the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water are the dissolution of calcite and dolomite in aquifer material, and aerobic degradation of organic matter.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Catches, J., Bullen, T., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream: Journal of Hydrology, v. 211, no. 1-4, p. 178-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f432e4b0c8380cd4bbcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catches, J.S.","contributorId":75702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catches","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020592,"text":"70020592 - 1998 - Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T21:07:41.228976","indexId":"70020592","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Difluoromethane (HFC-32; DFM) is compared to acetylene and methyl fluoride as an inhibitor of methanotrophy in cultures and soils. DFM was found to be a reversible inhibitor of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;oxidation by</span><i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i><span>&nbsp;(Bath). Consumption of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;in soil was blocked by additions of low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa), and this inhibition was reversed by DFM removal. Although a small quantity of DFM was consumed during these incubations, its remaining concentration was sufficiently elevated to sustain inhibition. Methanogenesis in anaerobic soil slurries, including acetoclastic methanogenesis, was unaffected by levels of DFM which inhibit methanotrophy. Low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa) also inhibited nitrification and N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O production by soils. DFM is proposed as an improved inhibitor of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;oxidation over acetylene and/or methyl fluoride on the basis of its reversibility, its efficacy at low concentrations, its lack of inhibition of methanogenesis, and its low cost.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.11.4357-4362.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Sasson, C., and Oremland, R., 1998, Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 11, p. 4357-4362, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.11.4357-4362.1998.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4357","endPage":"4362","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479726,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4357-4362.1998","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0114e4b0c8380cd4fab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasson, C.","contributorId":104663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014874,"text":"1014874 - 1998 - Studies on the bacterial flora of native freshwater bivalves from the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T12:18:36.600502","indexId":"1014874","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1036,"text":"Biomedical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies on the bacterial flora of native freshwater bivalves from the Ohio River","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Science","usgsCitation":"Starliper, C.E., Villella, R., Morrison, P., and Mathias, J., 1998, Studies on the bacterial flora of native freshwater bivalves from the Ohio River: Biomedical Letters, v. 58, no. 229, p. 85-95.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"229","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villella, R.","contributorId":103627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villella","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, P.","contributorId":34085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mathias, J.","contributorId":97859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathias","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020519,"text":"70020519 - 1998 - The National Water Data Exchange-capabilities and trends in the dissemination and exchange of water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020519","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The National Water Data Exchange-capabilities and trends in the dissemination and exchange of water data","docAbstract":"This paper discusses the programmes of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX) in providing access to US Geological Survey (USGS) water data and water-related information. NAWDEX dissseminates water data and water-related information by working cooperatively through a network of 68 Assistance Centers to more than 430 member organizations. In addition, NAWDEX provides access to the USGS Water Data Storage System (WATSTORE) and the US Environmental Protection Agency's Storage and Retrieval System (STORET). Recently, the trend has been to make water resources data available over the World Wide Web on the Internet. The NAWDEX homepage, located at Uniform Resource Locator http://h2o.er.usgs.gov/public/nawdex/nawdex.html, provides links to (a) Selected Water Resources Abstracts; (b) National Water Conditions Report; (c) historical streamflow data: and (d) real-time streamflow conditions. NAWDEX also transfers data to users over the Internet through the file transfer protocol (FTP).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Burton, J., 1998, The National Water Data Exchange-capabilities and trends in the dissemination and exchange of water data: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 253, p. 237-248.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"253","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba841e4b08c986b321ae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, J.S.","contributorId":36549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020516,"text":"70020516 - 1998 - Evolution of the Gorda Escarpment, San Andreas fault and Mendocino triple junction from multichannel seismic data collected across the northern Vizcaino block, offshore northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:00:52.711204","indexId":"70020516","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the Gorda Escarpment, San Andreas fault and Mendocino triple junction from multichannel seismic data collected across the northern Vizcaino block, offshore northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Gorda Escarpment is a north facing scarp immediately south of the Mendocino transform fault (the Gorda/Juan de Fuca-Pacific plate boundary) between 126°W and the Mendocino triple junction. It elevates the seafloor at the northern edge of the Vizcaino block, part of the Pacific plate, ∼1.5 km above the seafloor of the Gorda/Juan de Fuca plate to the north. Stratigraphy interpreted from multichannel seismic data across and close to the Gorda Escarpment suggests that the escarpment is a relatively recent pop-up feature caused by north-south compression across the plate boundary. Close to 126°W, the Vizcaino block acoustic basement shallows and is overlain by sediments that thin north toward the Gorda Escarpment. These sediments are tilted south and truncated at the seafloor. By contrast, in a localized region at the eastern end of the Gorda Escarpment, close to the Mendocino triple junction, the top of acoustic basement dips north and is overlain by a 2-km-thick wedge of pre-11 Ma sedimentary rocks that thickens north, toward the Gorda Escarpment. This wedge of sediments is restricted to the northeast corner of the Vizcaino block. Unless the wedge of sediments was a preexisting feature on the Vizcaino block before it was transferred from the North American to the Pacific plate, the strong spatial correlation between the sedimentary wedge and the triple junction suggests the entire Vizcaino block, with the San Andreas at its eastern boundary, has been part of the Pacific plate since significantly before 11 Ma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02138","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Godfrey, N.J., Meltzer, A., Klemperer, S., Trehu, A., Leitner, B., Clarke, S.H., and Ondrus, A., 1998, Evolution of the Gorda Escarpment, San Andreas fault and Mendocino triple junction from multichannel seismic data collected across the northern Vizcaino block, offshore northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 10, p. 23813-23825, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02138.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"23813","endPage":"23825","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02138","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d89e4b0c8380cd5308e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godfrey, N. J.","contributorId":12866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meltzer, A.S.","contributorId":50921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meltzer","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemperer, S.L.","contributorId":52734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leitner, B.","contributorId":7448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clarke, S. H. Jr.","contributorId":44913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ondrus, A.","contributorId":99730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ondrus","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020473,"text":"70020473 - 1998 - New roles for an old resource: Ferromanganese nodules assist mine cleanup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020473","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New roles for an old resource: Ferromanganese nodules assist mine cleanup","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Robbins, E.I., 1998, New roles for an old resource: Ferromanganese nodules assist mine cleanup: Geotimes, v. 43, no. 5, p. 14-17.","startPage":"14","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a660de4b0c8380cd72ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, E. I.","contributorId":101269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020507,"text":"70020507 - 1998 - Seismic attenuation of the inner core: Viscoelastic or stratigraphic?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T22:48:38.197454","indexId":"70020507","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic attenuation of the inner core: Viscoelastic or stratigraphic?","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Broadband velocity waveforms of PKIKP in the distance range 150° to 180° are inverted for inner core attenuation. A mean<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><sub>α</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of 244 is determined at 1 Hz from 8 polar and 9 equatorial paths. The scatter in measured<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>exceeds individual error estimates, suggesting significant variation in attenuation with path. These results are interpreted by (1) viscoelasticity, in which the relaxation spectrum has a low-frequency corner near or slightly above the frequency band of short-period body waves, and by (2) stratigraphic (scattering) attenuation, in which attenuation and pulse broadening are caused by the interference of scattered multiples in a velocity structure having rapid fluctuations along a PKIKP path. In the scattering interpretation, PKIKP attenuation is only weakly affected by the intrinsic shear attenuation measured in the free-oscillation band. Instead, its frequency dependence, path variations, and fluctuations are all explained by scattering attenuation in a heterogeneous fabric resulting from solidification texturing of intrinsically anisotropic iron. The requisite fabric may consist of either single or ordered groups of crystals with P velocity differences of at least 5% and as much as 12% between two crystallographic axes at scale lengths of 0.5 to 2 km in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation and longer in the cylindrically radial direction, perpendicular to the axis of rotation.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998GL900074","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Cormier, V., Xu, L., and Choy, G.L., 1998, Seismic attenuation of the inner core: Viscoelastic or stratigraphic?: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, no. 21, p. 4019-4022, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GL900074.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"4019","endPage":"4022","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8af5e4b08c986b3174c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cormier, V.F.","contributorId":98907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"V.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, L.","contributorId":82884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020500,"text":"70020500 - 1998 - Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. The origin of thiosulfate in hot spring waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:29:58","indexId":"70020500","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. The origin of thiosulfate in hot spring waters","docAbstract":"<p>Thiosulfate (S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>), polythionate (S<sub>x</sub>O<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup>), dissolved sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), and sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) concentrations in thirty-nine alkaline and acidic springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) were determined. The analyses were conducted on site, using ion chromatography for thiosulfate, polythionate, and sulfate, and using colorimetry for dissolved sulfide. Thiosulfate was detected at concentrations typically less than 2 μmol/L in neutral and alkaline chloride springs with low sulfate concentrations (Cl<sup>−</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>&gt; 25). The thiosulfate concentration levels are about one to two orders of magnitude lower than the concentration of dissolved sulfide in these springs. In most acid sulfate and acid sulfate-chloride springs (Cl<sup>−</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 10), thiosulfate concentrations were also typically lower than 2 μmol/L. However, in some chloride springs enriched with sulfate (Cl<sup>−</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>between 10 to 25), thiosulfate was found at concentrations ranging from 9 to 95 μmol/L, higher than the concentrations of dissolved sulfide in these waters. Polythionate was detected only in Cinder Pool, Norris Geyser basin, at concentrations up to 8 μmol/L, with an average S-chain-length from 4.1 to 4.9 sulfur atoms.</p><p>The results indicate that no thiosulfate occurs in the deeper parts of the hydrothermal system. Thiosulfate may form, however, from (1) hydrolysis of native sulfur by hydrothermal solutions in the shallower parts (&lt;50 m) of the system, (2) oxidation of dissolved sulfide upon mixing of a deep hydrothermal water with aerated shallow groundwater, and (3) the oxidation of dissolved sulfide by dissolved oxygen upon discharge of the hot spring. Upon discharge of a sulfide-containing hydrothermal water, oxidation proceeds rapidly as atmospheric oxygen enters the water. The transfer of oxygen is particularly effective if the hydrothermal discharge is turbulent and has a large surface area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00269-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Xu, Y., Schoonen, M., Nordstrom, D.K., Cunningham, K., and Ball, J., 1998, Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. The origin of thiosulfate in hot spring waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, no. 23-24, p. 3729-3743, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00269-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3729","endPage":"3743","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206847,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00269-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              42.50450285299051\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.6220703125,\n              42.50450285299051\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.6220703125,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              42.50450285299051\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"23-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd6e4b08c986b31dafd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoonen, M.A.A.","contributorId":82479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoonen","given":"M.A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cunningham, K.M.","contributorId":100020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020343,"text":"70020343 - 1998 - Influence of an igneous intrusion on the inorganic geochemistry of a bituminous coal from Pitkin County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020343","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of an igneous intrusion on the inorganic geochemistry of a bituminous coal from Pitkin County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Although the effects of igneous dikes on the organic matter in coal have been observed at many localities there is virtually no information on the effects of the intrusions of the inorganic constituents in the coal. Such a study may help to elucidate the behavior of trace elements during in situ gasification of coal and may provide insights into the resources potential for coal and coke affected by the intrusion. To determine the effects of an igneous intrusion on the inorganic chemistry of a coal we used a series of 11 samples of coal and natural coke that had been collected at intervals from 3 to 106 cm from a dike that intruded the bituminous Dutch Creek coal in Pitkin, CO. The samples were chemically analyzed for 66 elements. SEM-EDX and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed on selected samples. Volatile elements such as F, Cl, Hg, and Se are not depleted in the samples (coke and coal) nearest the dike that were exposed to the highest temperatures. Their presence in these samples is likely due to secondary enrichment following volatilization of the elements inherent in the coal. Equilibration with ground water may account for the uniform distribution of Na, B, and Cl. High concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Sr, and CO2 in the coke region are attributed to the reaction of CO and CO2 generated during the coking of the coal with fluids from the intrusion, resulting in the precipitation of carbonates. Similarly, precipitation of sulfide minerals in the coke zone may account for the relatively high concentrations of Ag, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Fe. Most elements are concentrated at the juncture of the fluidized coke and the thermally metamorphosed coal. Many of the elements enriched in this region (for example, Ga, Ge, Mo, Rb, U, La, Ce, Al, K, and Si) may have been adsorbed on either the clays or the organic matter or on both.Although the effects of igneous dikes on the organic matter in coal have been observed at many localities there is virtually no information on the effects of the intrusions on the inorganic constituents in the coal. Such a study may help to elucidate the behavior of trace elements during in situ gasification of coal and may provide insights into the resource potential of coal and coke affected by the intrusion. To determine the effects of an igneous intrusion on the inorganic chemistry of a coal we used a series of 11 samples of coal and natural coke that had been collected at intervals from 3 to 106 cm from a dike that intruded the bituminous Dutch Creek coal in Pitkin, CO. The samples were chemically analyzed for 66 elements. SEM-EDX and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed on selected samples. Volatile elements such as F, Cl, Hg, and Se are not depleted in the samples (coke and coal) nearest the dike that were exposed to the highest temperatures. Their presence in these samples is likely due to secondary enrichment following volatilization of the elements inherent in the coal. Equilibration with ground water may account for the uniform distribution of Na, B, and Cl. High concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Sr, and CO2 in the coke region are attributed to the reaction of CO and CO2 generated during the coking of the coal with fluids from the intrusion, resulting in the precipitation of carbonates. Similarly, precipitation of sulfide minerals in the coke zone may account for the relatively high concentrations of Ag, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Fe. Most elements are concentrated at the juncture of the fluidized coke and the thermally metamorphosed coal. Many of the elements enriched in this region (for example, Ga, Ge, Mo, Rb, U, La, Ce, Al, K, and Si) may have been adsorbed on either the clays or the organic matter or on both.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00005-6","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., Bostick, N.H., Dulong, F., Senftle, F.E., and Thorpe, A.N., 1998, Influence of an igneous intrusion on the inorganic geochemistry of a bituminous coal from Pitkin County, Colorado: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 36, no. 3-4, p. 223-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00005-6.","startPage":"223","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00005-6"},{"id":231090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b0fe4b0c8380cd621c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bostick, N. H.","contributorId":67099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thorpe, A. N.","contributorId":53504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorpe","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020103,"text":"70020103 - 1998 - The environmental occurrence of herbicides: The importance of degradates in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T10:57:53","indexId":"70020103","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The environmental occurrence of herbicides: The importance of degradates in ground water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous studies are being conducted to investigate the occurrence, fate, and effects on human health and the environment from the extensive worldwide use of herbicides to control weeds. Few studies, however, are considering the degradates of these herbicides in their investigations. Our study of herbicides in aquifers across Iowa found herbicide degradates to be prevalent in ground water, being detected in about 75% of the wells sampled. With the exception of atrazine, the frequencies of detection in ground water for a given herbicide increased multifold when its degradates were considered. Furthermore, a majority of the measured concentration for a given herbicide was in the form of its degradates&mdash;even for a relatively persistent compound such as atrazine. For this study, degradates comprised from 60 to over 99% of a herbicide's measured concentration. Because herbicide degradates can have similar acute and chronic toxicity as their parent compounds, these compounds have environmental significance as well as providing a more complete understanding of the fate and transport of a given herbicide. Thus, it is essential that degradates are included in any type of herbicide investigation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900392","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Thurman, E., and Linhart, S.M., 1998, The environmental occurrence of herbicides: The importance of degradates in ground water: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 385-390, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900392.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"390","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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,{"id":70020106,"text":"70020106 - 1998 - Field results of antifouling techniques for optical instruments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T08:31:12","indexId":"70020106","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field results of antifouling techniques for optical instruments","docAbstract":"An anti-fouling technique is developed for the protection of optical instruments from biofouling which leaches a bromide compound into a sample chamber and pumps new water into the chamber prior to measurement. The primary advantage of using bromide is that it is less toxic than the metal-based antifoulants. The drawback of the bromide technique is also discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 Oceans Conference. Part 1 (of 3)","conferenceDate":"28 September 1998 through 1 October 1998","conferenceLocation":"Nice, Fr","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Strahle, W., Hotchkiss, F., and Martini, M.A., 1998, Field results of antifouling techniques for optical instruments, <i>in</i> Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), v. 2, Nice, Fr, 28 September 1998 through 1 October 1998, p. 723-727.","startPage":"723","endPage":"727","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fd1e4b0c8380cd53a25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strahle, W.J.","contributorId":86044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strahle","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hotchkiss, F.S.","contributorId":37912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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