The Pacific halibut is a large (up to 3 meters long) predatory fish in the flatfish family. Glacier Bay National Park is the site of extensive and controversial commercial halibut fisheries that began before the park was established in 1925. These fisheries continue despite prohibitive regulations, including the Wilderness Act and National Park Service regulations. Today, more than 70 commercial boats (1991 and 1992 data) harvest between 136,200 and 181,600 kilograms of Pacific halibut per year within the park
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","isbn":"016053285X","usgsCitation":"Hooge, P.N., and Taggart, S.J., 1998, Pacific halibut in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, chap. of Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, p. 712-714.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"714","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426f3e4b0e541a03e9672","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694774,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opler, Paul A.","contributorId":86690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694775,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett Haecker, Catherine E.","contributorId":45630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett Haecker","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694776,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694777,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":52029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taggart, Spencer J.","contributorId":23888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Spencer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196009,"text":"70196009 - 1998 - An inter-comparison test of an RD Instruments' workhorse ADCP mounted in a new trawl-resistant bottom mount, an RD instruments' broadband ADCP and Vector measuring current meter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T14:17:32","indexId":"70196009","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An inter-comparison test of an RD Instruments' workhorse ADCP mounted in a new trawl-resistant bottom mount, an RD instruments' broadband ADCP and Vector measuring current meter","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceanology International 98: The global ocean: Conference proceedings (Volume 1)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Oceanology International 98: The global ocean","conferenceDate":"March 10-13, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Brighton, UK","language":"English","publisher":"Spearhead Exhibitions Limited","isbn":"9780900254208","usgsCitation":"Martini, M., and Clay, P., 1998, An inter-comparison test of an RD Instruments' workhorse ADCP mounted in a new trawl-resistant bottom mount, an RD instruments' broadband ADCP and Vector measuring current meter, in Oceanology International 98: The global ocean: Conference proceedings (Volume 1), v. 1, Brighton, UK, March 10-13, 1998, p. 257-267.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff1555e4b0da30c1bfd40d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clay, P.","contributorId":9101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clay","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020567,"text":"70020567 - 1998 - Evidence at Lomax, Illinois, for mid-Wisconsin (~40,000 yr B.P.) position of the Des Moines Lobe and for diversion of the Mississippi River by the Lake Michigan Lobe (20,350 yr B.P.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020567","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence at Lomax, Illinois, for mid-Wisconsin (~40,000 yr B.P.) position of the Des Moines Lobe and for diversion of the Mississippi River by the Lake Michigan Lobe (20,350 yr B.P.)","docAbstract":"An abrupt change in environment from a wetland to a deeper slackwater lake at 20,345 ?? 85 yr B.P. occurred in a second-order valley tributary to the Mississippi River near Lomax, Illinois. The age of this shift is associated with the overflow of glacial Lake Milan and diversion of the Mississippi River from the Princeton Valley (Rock Island to Peoria) to its present course (Rock Island to St. Louis). The diversion occurred due to blockage of the Princeton Valley segment of the ancient Mississippi River by the Lake Michigan Lobe, impoundment of glacial Lake Milan, and eventual overflow of the lake southwest of Rock Island across a former drainage divide near Andalusia, Illinois. Fossil ostracode assemblages in the slackwater sediment at Lomax indicate changes in the post-diversion, full-glacial paleohydrology and, based on multivariate analysis, hint at the area's paleoclimate. An older part of the succession at Lomax is consistent with glaciation in the upper Iowa River basin about 40,000 yr B.P. Aggradation of sediment rich in coarse silt is attributed to a response of the ancient Iowa River basin associated with deposition of the glacigenic Sheldon Creek Formation by the Des Moines Lobe.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1998.1985","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Curry, B.B., 1998, Evidence at Lomax, Illinois, for mid-Wisconsin (~40,000 yr B.P.) position of the Des Moines Lobe and for diversion of the Mississippi River by the Lake Michigan Lobe (20,350 yr B.P.): Quaternary Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 128-138, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1985.","startPage":"128","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1985"},{"id":231494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d28e4b0c8380cd52e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020861,"text":"70020861 - 1998 - Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:26:35","indexId":"70020861","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams","docAbstract":"Four alpine streams were monitored to continuously collect stream temperature and streamflow for periods ranging from a week to a year. In a small stream in the Colorado Rockies, diurnal variations in both stream temperature and streamflow were significantly greater in losing reaches than in gaining reaches, with minimum streamflow losses occurring early in the day and maximum losses occurring early in the evening. Using measured stream temperature changes, diurnal streambed infiltration rates were predicted to increase as much as 35% during the day (based on a heat and water transport groundwater model), while the measured increase in streamflow loss was 40%. For two large streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, annual stream temperature variations ranged from 0° to 25°C. In summer months, diurnal stream temperature variations were 30–40% of annual stream temperature variations, owing to reduced streamflows and increased atmospheric heating. Previous reports document that one Sierra stream site generally gains groundwater during low flows, while the second Sierra stream site may lose water during low flows. For August the diurnal streamflow variation was 11% at the gaining stream site and 30% at the losing stream site. On the basis of measured diurnal stream temperature variations, streambed infiltration rates were predicted to vary diurnally as much as 20% at the losing stream site. Analysis of results suggests that evapotranspiration losses determined diurnal streamflow variations in the gaining reaches, while in the losing reaches, evapotranspiration losses were compounded by diurnal variations in streambed infiltration. Diurnal variations in stream temperature were reduced in the gaining reaches as a result of discharging groundwater of relatively constant temperature. For the Sierra sites, comparison of results with those from a small tributary demonstrated that stream temperature patterns were useful in delineating discharges of bank storage following dam releases. Direct coupling may have occurred between streamflow and stream temperature for losing stream reaches, such that reduced streamflows facilitated increased afternoon stream temperatures and increased afternoon stream temperatures induced increased streambed losses, leading to even greater increases in both stream temperature and streamflow losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00998","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1998, Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1609-1615, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00998.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1609","endPage":"1615","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cace4b0c8380cd62f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":93870,"text":"93870 - 1998 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Marbled Godwit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T10:59:46","indexId":"93870","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Marbled Godwit","docAbstract":"Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93870","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Sondreal, M.L., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., Nenneman, M., and Euliss, B., 1998, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Marbled Godwit (Revised 2001), 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93870.","productDescription":"15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93870.PNG"},{"id":311619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93870/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised 2001","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sondreal, Marriah L.","contributorId":73532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sondreal","given":"Marriah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nenneman, Melvin P.","contributorId":60572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nenneman","given":"Melvin P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1000751,"text":"1000751 - 1998 - Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:45:55","indexId":"1000751","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey","docAbstract":"Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) body burden accumulated by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Laurentian Great Lakes is from their food. We used diet information, PCB determinations in both lake trout and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiency with which Lake Michigan lake trout retain PCBs from their food. Our estimates were the most reliable estimates to date because (a) the lake trout and prey fish sampled during our study were all from the same vicinity of the lake, (b) detailed measurements were made on the PCB concentrations of both lake trout and prey fish over wide ranges in fish size, and (c) lake trout diet was analyzed in detail over a wide range of lake trout size. Our estimates of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to lake trout from their prey averaged from 0.73 to 0.89 for lake trout between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. There was no evidence of an upward or downward trend in our estimates of net trophic transfer efficiency for lake trout between the ages of 5 and 10 years old, and therefore this efficiency appeared to be constant over the duration of the lake trout's adult life in the lake. On the basis of our estimtes, lake trout retained 80% of the PCBs that are contained within their food.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9708326","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Hesselberg, R.J., Desorcie, T.J., Schmidt, L., Stedman, R.M., Quintal, R.T., Begnoche, L.J., and Passino-Reader, D.R., 1998, Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 7, p. 886-891, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9708326.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"886","endPage":"891","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":23480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Larry J.","contributorId":51238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Larry J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stedman, Ralph M.","contributorId":60578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedman","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quintal, Richard T. rquintal@usgs.gov","contributorId":4237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"Richard","email":"rquintal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70020859,"text":"70020859 - 1998 - Phosphovanadylite: a new vanadium phosphate mineral with a zeolite-type structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70020859","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphovanadylite: a new vanadium phosphate mineral with a zeolite-type structure","docAbstract":"Phosphovanadylite, whose simplified formula is (Ba,Ca,K,Na)x([(Va,Al)4P2(P,OH)16].12H2), is a new vanadium phosphate zeolite mineral found in the Phosphoria Formation at Monsanto's Enoch Valley Mine, Soda Springs, Idaho. Its formula in more detail is (Ba0.38Ca0.20K0.006Na0.02)??0.66 [P2(V3.44Al0.046)??3.90O10.34(OH)5.66] .12H2O. The drusy mineral occurs as pale greenish-blue euhedral cubes (20-50 ??m edge) coating phosphatic, organic-rich mudstone. The chemical composition determined by electron microprobe is (in weight percent) V-28.02, P-9.91, Al-1.97, Ca-1.31, Ba-8.28, Cd-0.09, Zn-0.34, Na-0.15, K-0.73, O-46.57, and F-0.03. The index of refraction is nD = 1.566 (4) and specific gravity is 2.16 (3). The X-ray powder pattern shows strong reflections at 3.16 A (422), 2.58 (600), 2.44 (620), and 7.73 (200), which are indexed on the basis of a cubic body-centered unit cell with a = 15.470 (4) A. From the single-crystal structure analysis, its space group was determined to be I43m, Z = 6, and its structure consists of V4O18 16 octahedral clusters linked to each other by P atoms to form a cubic lattice, creating cavities 7.0 and 5.5 A in diameter where mainly H2O resides. Final residual indexes are R = 0.066, Rw = 0.061, goodness-of-fit = 0.75, and 93 observations and 24 parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Medrano, M., Evans, H.T., Wenk, H., and Piper, D., 1998, Phosphovanadylite: a new vanadium phosphate mineral with a zeolite-type structure: American Mineralogist, v. 83, no. 7-8, p. 889-895.","startPage":"889","endPage":"895","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78c0e4b0c8380cd7878c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medrano, M.D.","contributorId":68326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medrano","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wenk, H.-R.","contributorId":47921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenk","given":"H.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020863,"text":"70020863 - 1998 - Observations of geese foraging for clam shells during spring on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T13:29:19","indexId":"70020863","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of geese foraging for clam shells during spring on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"We studied the behavior of geese on exposed river ice during spring on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. The predominant behavior while on the ice for both sexes was foraging; however, females foraged more than males. Visual inspection of the ice revealed no potential plant or animal food items. However, numerous small (<20 mm) clam shells (Macoma balthica) and pieces of shell were noted. It appeared that geese were foraging on empty clam shells. This potential source of calcium was available to breeding geese just prior to egg formation and geese likely stored this calcium in the form of medullary bone for use during egg formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Fowler, A.C., Bottitta, G.E., and Schamber, J.L., 1998, Observations of geese foraging for clam shells during spring on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 110, no. 3, p. 411-413.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"413","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a93e4b0c8380cd7424e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fowler, Ada C.","contributorId":48304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Ada","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bottitta, Grace E.","contributorId":103432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bottitta","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schamber, Jason L.","contributorId":72512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020858,"text":"70020858 - 1998 - Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T16:11:55","indexId":"70020858","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering","docAbstract":"An extended Kalman filter was developed to automate the real-time estimation of ice-affected streamflow on the basis of routine measurements of stream stage and air temperature and on the relation between stage and streamflow during open-water (ice-free) conditions. The filter accommodates three dynamic modes of ice effects: sudden formation/ablation, stable ice conditions, and eventual elimination. The utility of the filter was evaluated by applying it to historical data from two long-term streamflow-gauging stations, St. John River at Dickey, Maine and Platte River at North Bend, Nebr. Results indicate that the filter was stable and that parameters converged for both stations, producing streamflow estimates that are highly correlated with published values. For the Maine station, logarithms of estimated streamflows are within 8% of the logarithms of published values 87.2% of the time during periods of ice effects and within 15% 96.6% of the time. Similarly, for the Nebraska station, logarithms of estimated streamflows are within 8% of the logarithms of published values 90.7% of the time and within 15% 97.7% of the time. In addition, the correlation between temporal updates and published streamflows on days of direct measurements at the Maine station was 0.777 and 0.998 for ice-affected and open-water periods, respectively; for the Nebraska station, corresponding correlations were 0.864 and 0.997.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1998)3:3(174)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Grewal, M., 1998, Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 3, no. 3, p. 174-181, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1998)3:3(174).","startPage":"174","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b23e4b0c8380cd525ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grewal, M.S.","contributorId":108274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grewal","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021010,"text":"70021010 - 1998 - Use of acoustic velocity methodology and remote sensing techniques to measure unsteady flow on the lower Yazoo River in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021010","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of acoustic velocity methodology and remote sensing techniques to measure unsteady flow on the lower Yazoo River in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Methodologies have been developed for computing continuous discharge during varied, non-uniform low and medium flows on the Yazoo River at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage below Steele Bayou near Long Lake, Mississippi, using acoustic signal processing and conventional streamgaging techniques. Procedures were also developed to compute locations of discharges during future high flow events when the stream reach is subject to hi-directional and reverse flow caused by rising stages on the Mississippi River using a combination of acoustic equipment and remote sensing technology. A description of the study area is presented. Selected results of these methods are presented for the period from March through September 1997.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 International Water Resources Engineering Conference. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, D.P., Cooper, L.M., and Davis, A.A., 1998, Use of acoustic velocity methodology and remote sensing techniques to measure unsteady flow on the lower Yazoo River in Mississippi, in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, Memphis, TN, USA, 3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998, p. 1715-1720.","startPage":"1715","endPage":"1720","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbea8e4b08c986b3296ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Lance M.","contributorId":33584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Angela A.","contributorId":22001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000752,"text":"1000752 - 1998 - Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:15:25","indexId":"1000752","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana","docAbstract":"In 1993, 20 great blue heron (Ardea herodias; GBH) eggs (one per nest) were collected from a colony at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (INDU). The eggs were artificially incubated until pipping and were then analyzed for organochlorines, mercury, and selenium. Livers of embryos were analyzed for hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity. Brains were measured for asymmetry. Egg-laying began in early April and the mean clutch size was 4.2 eggs per clutch. Organochlorine concentrations were generally low (geometric mean p,p’-DDE = 1.6 /μg/g wet weight; polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] = 4.9 μg/g); however, one egg had elevated concentrations of p,p -DDE (13 /μg/g) and PCBs (56 /μg/g). EROD activity in the embryos analyzed from INDU was not elevated. The frequency (11%) of brain asymmetry was low. Eggshells averaged 3.4% thinner than eggshells collected prior to the use of DDT. Mercury (geometric mean = 0.9 μg/g dry weight) concentrations in GBH eggs were within background levels. Selenium (4.0 μg/g dry weight) concentrations in eggs were above background levels, but below a concentration threshold associated with reproductive impairment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70795-6","usgsCitation":"Custer, T.W., Hines, R.K., Stewart, P.M., Melancon, M.J., Henshel, D.S., and Spearks, D.W., 1998, Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 1, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70795-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, Randy K. 0000-0002-5135-3135 rkhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3135","contributorId":3340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Randy","email":"rkhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melancon, Mark J.","contributorId":21918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henshel, Diane S.","contributorId":87506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henshel","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spearks, Daniel W.","contributorId":57424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spearks","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020524,"text":"70020524 - 1998 - Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage abundance for deer in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020524","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage abundance for deer in Maine","docAbstract":"Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage availability for large herbivores in northern forests have received relatively little study. We determined effects of glyphosate treatment of clearcuts on abundance of summer foods for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at 1 and 7-10 years posttreatment. We measured the abundance (percent cover in a 0- to 1.8-m height stratum) of five forage classes for deer (leaves of deciduous trees, leaves of deciduous shrubs, forbs, grasses, ferns) on 12 clearcuts (six treated, six untreated) to determine 1-year effects and on 10 clearcuts (five treated, five untreated) to determine 7- to 10-year effects. Abundance of leaves of deciduous trees was greater on untreated sites (38 versus 11%) at 1 year posttreatment, but the difference was less (18 versus 12%) at 7-10 years posttreatment (age x treatment interaction, P = 0.005). Leaves of deciduous shrubs exhibited a similar pattern. Abundance of forbs was similar (13-14%) at 1 year posttreatment but greater on treated sites (29 versus 15%) at 7-10 years posttreatment (P = 0.03). Grasses and ferns were less abundant than other forage classes. Overall, glyphosate application initially decreased the abundance of leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs used as food in summer, but the longer term positive effects on forb abundance may result in little net change in overall habitat value.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Vreeland, J., Servello, F.A., and Griffith, B., 1998, Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage abundance for deer in Maine: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 28, no. 10, p. 1574-1578.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1578","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b7e4b0c8380cd513b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vreeland, J.K.","contributorId":22528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vreeland","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servello, F. A.","contributorId":7804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servello","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffith, B.","contributorId":25905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020525,"text":"70020525 - 1998 - Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T08:23:24","indexId":"70020525","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2418,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems","docAbstract":"Three superimposed pressure systems are present in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. A number of commercial, thermogenic gas accumulations have been found in an area in which shale diapirs occur. Because the reservoir intervals are shallow and very young, they must have filled with gas rapidly. The thick (up to 17 km) Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary succession is dominated by shales, and is not disrupted by major faulting in the study area, a factor which seems to have had an important effect on both hydrocarbon generation and fluid migration. Organic-matter maturation in the deepest, most overpressured compartment has been significantly retarded as a result of the combined effects of excess pressure, the presence of large volumes of water, and the retention of generated hydrocarbons. This retardation is indicated by both kerogen-related parameters (vitrinite reflectance and Rock-Eval T(max)); and also by parameters based on the analysis of soluble organic matter (such as the C15+ hydrocarbon content, and the concentration of isoprenoid hydrocarbons relative to adjacent normal alkanes). In contrast to this, organic-matter maturation in shallow, normally-pressured strata in the diapiric area has been enhanced by hydrothermal fluid flow, which is clearly not topography-driven in origin. As a result, the hydrocarbon generation 'window' in the basin is considerably wider than could be expected from traditional geochemical modelling. These two unusual and contrasting anomalies in organic-matter maturation, together with other lines of evidence, suggest that there was a closed fluid system in the overpressured compartment until shale diapirs developed. The diapirs developed as a result of the intense overpressuring, and their growth was triggered by regional extensional stresses. They served as conduits through which fluids (both water and hydrocarbons) retained in the closed system could rapidly migrate. Fluid migration led to the modification of the thermal regime and the enhancement of organic maturation, as well as the accumulation of commercial volumes of gas in a relatively short time interval.Three superimposed pressure systems are present in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. To date, a number of commercial, thermogenic gas accumulations have been found in an area in which shale diapirs occur. In fact, two unusual and contrasting anomalies in organic-matter maturation have been documented. These two anomalies, together with other lines of evidence, suggest that there was a closed fluid system in the overpressured compartment until shale diapirs developed. The diapirs developed as a result of intense overpowering, and their growth was triggered by regional extensional stresses. They served as conduits through which fluids retained in the closed system could rapidly migrate. Fluid migration led to the modification of the thermal regime and the enhancement of organic maturation, as well as the accumulation of commercial volumes of gas in a relatively short time interval.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sci Surv Ltd","publisherLocation":"Beaconsfield, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x","issn":"01416421","usgsCitation":"Hao, F., Li, S., Dong, W., Hu, Z., and Huang, B., 1998, Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 427-444, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x.","startPage":"427","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269617,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e643e4b0c8380cd472c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hao, F.","contributorId":12649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hao","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, W.","contributorId":66444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hu, Z.","contributorId":11380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, B.","contributorId":7873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162641,"text":"70162641 - 1998 - Nonindigenous species: methods of introduction and impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T11:14:40","indexId":"70162641","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nonindigenous species: methods of introduction and impacts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: burning issues and smoke screens: heat and light in Southern forests","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Fuller, P.L., 1998, Nonindigenous species: methods of introduction and impacts, in Transactions of the 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49cee4b07ca61bfea59f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Pamela L. 0000-0002-9389-9144 pfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":3217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pamela","email":"pfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020864,"text":"70020864 - 1998 - Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water Quality Monitoring Networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:22:46","indexId":"70020864","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water Quality Monitoring Networks","docAbstract":"A nationally consistent and well-documented collection of water quality and quantity data compiled during the past 30 years for streams and rivers in the United States is now available on CD-ROM and accessible over the World Wide Web. The data include measurements from two U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national networks for 122 physical, chemical, and biological properties of water collected at 680 monitoring stations from 1962 to 1995, quality assurance information that describes the sample collection agencies, laboratories, analytical methods, and estimates of laboratory measurement error (bias and variance), and information on selected cultural and natural characteristics of the station watersheds. The data are easily accessed via user-supplied software including Web browser, spreadsheet, and word processor, or may be queried and printed according to user-specified criteria using the supplied retrieval software on CD-ROM. The water quality data serve a variety of scientific uses including research and educational applications related to trend detection, flux estimation, investigations of the effects of the natural environment and cultural sources on water quality, and the development of statistical methods for designing efficient monitoring networks and interpreting water resources data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR01530","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Slack, J.R., Ludtke, A.S., Fitzgerald, K.K., and Schertz, T.L., 1998, Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water Quality Monitoring Networks: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 9, p. 2401-2405, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR01530.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2401","endPage":"2405","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr01530","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd83e4b0c8380cd4e873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, James R.","contributorId":43778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludtke, Amy S. asludtke@usgs.gov","contributorId":4735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludtke","given":"Amy","email":"asludtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Kathleen K.","contributorId":59847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021009,"text":"70021009 - 1998 - Foods of Mountain Plovers wintering in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T12:21:05.878161","indexId":"70021009","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foods of Mountain Plovers wintering in California","docAbstract":"Prey items were identified from the stomachs of wintering Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) collected in California at the Pixley National Wildlife Refuge and Carrizo Plain Natural Area in 1991, and south of the Salton Sea in 1992. Stomach contents of the 39 birds included 2,092 different food items representing 13 orders and at least 16 families of invertebrates. Diets at each of the three locales differed greatly, with coleopterans and hymenopterans dominating the Carrizo samples, lepidopterans the Pixley samples, and coleopterans and orthopterans the Salton Sea samples. Diets of males and females were similar. These findings counter the current perception that Mountain Plover diets are specialized on coleopterans and orthopterans, and bring the species more in line as a dietary generalist/opportunist as reported for most shorebirds.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370281","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Knopf, F., 1998, Foods of Mountain Plovers wintering in California: Condor, v. 100, no. 2, p. 382-384, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370281.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"382","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487412,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1370281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12ede4b0c8380cd54454","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020857,"text":"70020857 - 1998 - Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70020857","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus","docAbstract":"The ability of ovine growth hormone (oGH), recombinant bovine insulin- like growth factor I (rbIGF-I), recombinant human insulin-like growth factor II (rhIGF-II), and bovine insulin to increase hypoosmoregulatory capacity in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus was examined. Fish acclimated to brackish water (BW, 10 ppt salinity, 320 mOsm/kg H2O) were injected with a single dose of hormone and transferred to seawater (SW, 35 ppt salinity, 1120 mOsm/kg H2O) 2 days later. Fish were sampled 24 h after transfer and plasma osmolality, plasma glucose, and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity were examined. Transfer from BW to SW increased plasma osmolality and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Transfer from BW to BW had no effect on these parameters. rbIGF-I (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 ??g/g) improved the ability to maintain plasma osmolality and to increase gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. oGH (0.5, 1, and 2 ??g/g) also increased hypoosmoregulatory ability but only the higher doses (2 ??g/g) significantly increased gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity. oGH (1 ??g/g) and rbIGF-I (0.1 ??g/g) had a significantly greater effect on plasma osmolality and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity than either hormone alone. rhIGF-II (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 ??g/g) and bovine insulin (0.01 and 0.05 ??g/g) were without effect. The results suggest a role of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in seawater acclimation of E heteroclitus. Based on these findings and previous studies, it is concluded that the capacity of the GH/IGF-I axis to increase hypoosmoregulatory ability may be a common feature of euryhalinity in teleosts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1998.7086","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Mancera, J.M., and McCormick, S., 1998, Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 111, no. 2, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1998.7086.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1998.7086"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d41e4b0c8380cd52ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mancera, J. M.","contributorId":7236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mancera","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020641,"text":"70020641 - 1998 - Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation between brucite and aqueous NaCl solutions from 250 to 450°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T11:11:03","indexId":"70020641","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation between brucite and aqueous NaCl solutions from 250 to 450°C","docAbstract":"Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation factors between brucite and aqueous NaCl solutions (1000lnαbr-sw) have been calibrated by experiment from 250 to 450°C at 0.5 Kb. For D/H fractionation, 1000lnα br-sw values are as follows: −32 ± 6‰ (250°C, 3.2 wt% NaCl), −21 ± 2‰ (350°C, 10.0 wt% NaCl), and −22 ± 2‰ (450°C, 3.2 wt% NaCl), indicating that brucite is depleted in D relative to coexisting aqueous NaCl solutions. These results are in good agreement with previous D/H fractionation factors determined in the brucite-water system, indicating that any effects of dissolved salt on D/H fractionation are relatively small, particularly in solutions with near seawater salinity. The maximum salt effect (+4‰) was observed in 10.0 wt% NaCl solutions at 350°C, suggesting that the addition of dissolved NaCl increases the amount of deuterium fractionated into mineral structures. For 18O/16O fractionation, 1000lnαbr-sw values in 3.0 wt% NaCl solutions are −6.0 ± 1.3‰, −5.6 ± 0.7‰ and −4.1 ± 0.2‰, at 250, 350, and 450°C, respectively, and −5.8 ± 0.6‰ in 10.0 wt % NaCl at 350°C. These data indicate that brucite is depleted in 18O relative to coexisting aqueous NaCl solutions and that the degree of depletion decreases slightly with increasing temperature and is not strongly dependent on salinity. We calculated 18O/16O brucite-water fractionation factors from available calibrations of the salt-effect on 18O/16O fractionation between coexisting phases. The resulting values were fit to the following equation that is valid from 250 to 450°C 1000ln αbr-w = 9.54 × 106T−2 − 3.53 × 104T−1 + 26.58 where T is temperature in Kelvins. These new data have been used to improve the prediction of 18O/16O fractionation factors in the talc-water and serpentine-water systems by modifying existing empirical bond-water models. The results of this analysis indicate that the δ18O composition of talc-brucite and serpentine-brucite pairs could be used as a geothermometer and that these coexisting phases should display the following order of 18O enrichment: talc > serpentine > brucite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00346-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Saccocia, P.J., Seewald, J.S., and Shanks, W.C., 1998, Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation between brucite and aqueous NaCl solutions from 250 to 450°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, no. 3, p. 485-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00346-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"492","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3346e4b0c8380cd5ee93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saccocia, Peter J.","contributorId":75297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saccocia","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seewald, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":16596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seewald","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020852,"text":"70020852 - 1998 - Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow: Diel flow variation in an Antarctic stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:09:14","indexId":"70020852","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow: Diel flow variation in an Antarctic stream","docAbstract":"Transport of dissolved material in streams and small rivers may be characterized using tracer-dilution methods and solute transport models. Recent studies have quantified stream/substream interactions using models of transient storage. These studies are based on tracer-dilution data obtained during periods of steady flow. We present a modeling framework for the analysis of transient storage in stream systems with unsteady flows. The framework couples a kinematic wave routing model with a solute transport model that includes transient storage. The routing model provides time-varying flows and cross-sectional areas that are used as input to the solute transport model. The modeling framework was used to quantify stream/substream interaction in Huey Creek, an Antarctic stream fed exclusively by glacial meltwater. Analysis of tracer-dilution data indicates that there was substantial interaction between the flowing surface water and the hyporheic (substream) zone. The ratio of storage zone area to stream cross-sectional area (A<sub>s</sub>/A) was >1 in all stream reaches, indicating that the substream area contributing to hyporheic exchange was large relative to stream cross-sectional area. The rate of exchange, as governed by the transient storage exchange coefficient (α), was rapid because of a high stream gradient and porous alluvial materials. Estimates of α generally exceed those determined for other small streams. The high degree of hyporheic exchange supports the hypothesis that weathering reactions within the hyporheos account for observed increases in solute concentration with stream length, as noted in other studies of Antarctic streams.
Nearly 600 million bbl of oil (MMBO) and 1 to 1.5 trillion ft3 (tcf) of gas have been produced from Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs (carbonate and sandstone) in the Ohio part of the Appalachian basin and on adjoining arches in Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario, Canada. Most of the oil and gas is concentrated in the giant Lima-Indiana field on the Findlay and Kankakee arches and in small fields distributed along the Knox unconformity. Based on new geochemical analyses of oils, potential source rocks, bitumen extracts, and previously published geochemical data, we conclude that the oils in both groups of fields originated from Middle and Upper Ordovician black shale (Utica and Antes shales) in the Appalachian basin. Moreover, we suggest that approximately 300 MMBO and many trillions of cubic feet of gas in the Lower Silurian Clinton sands of eastern Ohio originated in these same source rocks.
Oils from the Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs have similar saturated hydrocarbon compositions, biomarker distributions, and carbon isotope signatures. Regional variations in the oils are attributed to differences in thermal maturation rather than to differences in source. Total organic carbon content, genetic potential, regional extent, and bitumen extract geochemistry identify the black shale of the Utica and Antes shales as the most plausible source of the oils. Other Cambrian and Ordovician shale and carbonate units, such as the Wells Creek formation, which rests on the Knox unconformity, and the Rome Formation and Conasauga Group in the Rome trough, are considered to be only local petroleum sources. Tmax, CAI, and pyrolysis yields from drill-hole cuttings and core indicate that the Utica Shale in eastern and central Ohio is mature with respect to oil generation. Burial, thermal, and hydrocarbon-generation history models suggest that much of the oil was generated from the Utica-Antes source in the late Paleozoic during the Alleghanian orogeny. A pervasive fracture network controlled by basement tectonics aided in the distribution of oil from the source to the trap. This fracture network permitted oil to move laterally and stratigraphically downsection through eastward-dipping, impermeable carbonate sequences to carrier zones such as the Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity, and to reservoirs such as porous dolomite in the Middle Ordovician Trenton Limestone in the Lima-Indiana field. Some of the oil and gas from the Utica-Antes source escaped vertically through a partially fractured, leaky Upper Ordovician shale seal into widespread Lower Silurian sandstone reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1306/1D9BC42B-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R.T., Burruss, R.C., and Hatch, J.R., 1998, Black shale source rocks and oil generation in the Cambrian and Ordovician of the central Appalachian Basin, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 82, no. 3, p. 412-441, https://doi.org/10.1306/1D9BC42B-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"412","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Ohio, Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.70367437441058,\n 39.161847676110966\n ],\n [\n -83.88005376673874,\n 38.74252200514232\n ],\n [\n -83.1599561441444,\n 38.64227211891057\n ],\n [\n -82.38865974012911,\n 38.849325957871486\n ],\n [\n -81.41038430121363,\n 39.297406099259746\n ],\n [\n -80.6644029448496,\n 40.032353876452305\n ],\n [\n -80.49540711272323,\n 40.80604811875986\n ],\n [\n -79.47344729293087,\n 43.772588723474485\n ],\n [\n -81.04208676537056,\n 43.337577130469754\n ],\n [\n -82.47590595449462,\n 42.754178182808545\n ],\n [\n -83.11565831279626,\n 42.2408992907873\n ],\n [\n -83.53546282050165,\n 41.65261558342917\n ],\n [\n -84.83900205079425,\n 41.678467485609616\n ],\n [\n -84.70367437441058,\n 39.161847676110966\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1dbe4b0c8380cd4ae72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T. rryder@usgs.gov","contributorId":119319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert","email":"rryder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert C 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":119735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020851,"text":"70020851 - 1998 - Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T14:24:11.347183","indexId":"70020851","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor","docAbstract":"The properties of the tremor wave field at Stromboli are analyzed using data from small-aperture arrays of short-period seismometers deployed on the north flank of the volcano. The seismometers are configured in two semi-circular arrays with radii of 60 and 150 m and a linear array with length of 600 m. The data are analyzed using a spatiotemporal correlation technique specifically designed for the study of the stationary stochastic wave field of Rayleigh and Love waves generated by volcanic activity and by scattering sources distributed within the island. The correlation coefficients derived as a function of frequency for the three components of motion clearly define the dispersion characteristics for both Rayleigh and Love waves. Love and Rayleigh waves contribute 70% and 30%, respectively, of the surface-wave power. The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves range from 1000 m/sec at 2 Hz to 350 m/sec at 9 Hz, and those for Love waves range from 800 to 400 m/sec over the same frequency band. These velocities are similar to those measured near Puu Oo on the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, although the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh waves at Stromboli show a stronger dependence on frequency. Such low velocities are consistent with values expected for densely cracked solidified basalt. The dispersion curves are inverted for a velocity model beneath the arrays, assuming those dispersions represent the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves.