A proof-of-concept experiment was devised to determine if pharmaceuticals and other organic waste water compounds (OWCs), as well as pathogens, found in treated effluent could be transported through a 2.4 m soil column and, thus, potentially reach ground water under recharge conditions similar to those in arid or semiarid climates. Treated effluent was applied at the top of the 2.4 m long, 32.5 cm diameter soil column over 23 days, Samples of the column inflow were collected from the effluent storage tank at the beginning (Tbegin) and end (Tend) of the experiment, and a sample of the soil column drainage at the base of the column (Bend) was collected at the end of the experiment. Samples were analyzed for 131 OWCs including veterinary and human antibiotics, other prescription and nonprescription drugs, widely used household and industrial chemicals, and steroids and reproductive hormones, as well as the pathogens Salmonella and Legionella. Analytical results for the two effluent samples taken at the beginning (Tbegin) and end (Tend) of the experiment indicate that the number of OWCs detected in the column inflow decreased by 25% (eight compounds) and the total concentration of OWCs decreased by 46% while the effluent was in the storage tank during the 23-day experiment. After percolating through the soil column, an additional 18 compounds detected in Tend (67% of OWCs) were no longer detected in the effluent (Bend) and the total concentration of OWCs decreased by more than 70%. These compounds may have been subject to transformation (biotic and abiotic), adsorption, and (or) volatilization in the storage tank and during travel through the soil column. Eight compounds—carbamazapine; sulfamethoxazole; benzophenone; 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole; N,N-diethyltoluamide; tributylphosphate; tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate; and cholesterol—were detected in all three samples indicating they have the potential to reach ground water under recharge conditions similar to those in arid and semiarid climates. Results from real-time polymerase chain reactions demonstrated the presence of Legionella in all three samples. Salmonella was detected only in Tbegin, suggesting that the bacteria died off in the effluent storage tank over the period of the experiment. This proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that, under recharge conditions similar to those in arid or semiarid climates, some pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and other OWCs can persist in treated effluent after soil-aquifer treatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Publishing Company","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00713.x","usgsCitation":"Cordy, G.E., Duran, N.L., Bouwer, H., Rice, R.C., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., Meyer, M.T., Barber, L.B., and Kolpin, D.W., 2004, Do pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and other organic waste water compounds persist when waste water is used for recharge?: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 24, no. 2, p. 58-69, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00713.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fc5e4b010e2af2a5d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordy, Gail E.","contributorId":94296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordy","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duran, Norma L.","contributorId":156250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duran","given":"Norma","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouwer, Herman","contributorId":21537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouwer","given":"Herman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Robert C.","contributorId":156251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":597042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70184512,"text":"70184512 - 2004 - Evaluation of volatilization as a natural attenuation pathway for MTBE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T10:37:33","indexId":"70184512","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of volatilization as a natural attenuation pathway for MTBE","docAbstract":"Volatilization and diffusion through the unsaturated zone can be an important pathway for natural attenuation remediation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) at gasoline spill sites. The significance of this pathway depends primarily on the distribution of immiscible product within the unsaturated zone and the relative magnitude of aqueous-phase advection (ground water recharge) to gaseous-phase diffusion. At a gasoline spill site in Laurel Bay, South Carolina, rates of MTBE volatilization from ground water downgradient from the source are estimated by analyzing the distribution of MTBE in the unsaturated zone above a solute plume. Volatilization rates of MTBE from ground water determined by transport modeling ranged from 0.0020 to 0.0042 g m-2/year, depending on the assumed rate of ground water recharge. Although diffusive conditions at the Laurel Bay site are favorable for volatilization, mass loss of MTBE is insignificant over the length (230 m) of the solute plume. Based on this analysis, significant volatilization of MTBE from ground water downgradient from source areas at other sites is not likely. In contrast, model results indicate that volatilization coupled with diffusion to the atmosphere could be a significant mass loss pathway for MTBE in source areas where residual product resides above the capillary zone. Although not documented, mass loss of MTBE at the Laurel Bay site due to volatilization and diffusion to the atmosphere are predicted to be two to three times greater than mass loading of MTBE to ground water due to dissolution and recharge. This result would imply that volatilization in the source zone may be the critical natural attenuation pathway for MTBE at gasoline spill sites, especially when considering capillary zone limitations on volatilization of MTBE from ground water and the relative recalcitrance of MTBE to biodegradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02672.x","usgsCitation":"Lahvis, M.A., Baehr, A.L., and Baker, R.J., 2004, Evaluation of volatilization as a natural attenuation pathway for MTBE: Groundwater, v. 42, no. 2, p. 258-267, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02672.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"258","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c942e4b0f37a93ee9b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lahvis, Matthew A.","contributorId":104522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahvis","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53740,"text":"wri034116 - 2004 - Water and Streambed Sediment Quality, and Ecotoxicology of a Stream along the Blue Ridge Parkway, Adjacent to a Closed Landfill, near Roanoke, Virginia: 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:25","indexId":"wri034116","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4116","title":"Water and Streambed Sediment Quality, and Ecotoxicology of a Stream along the Blue Ridge Parkway, Adjacent to a Closed Landfill, near Roanoke, Virginia: 1999","docAbstract":"A study was done of the effects of a closed landfill on the quality of water and streambed sediment and the benthic macroinvertebrate community of an unnamed stream and its tributary that flow through Blue Ridge Parkway lands in west-central Virginia. The primary water source for the tributary is a 4-inch polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe that protrudes from the slope at the base of the embankment bordering the landfill. An unusual expanse of precipitate was observed in the stream near the PVC pipe. Stream discharge was measured and water and streambed sediment samples were collected at a nearby reference site and at three sites downstream of the landfill in April and September 1999. Water samples were analyzed for major ions, nitrate, total and dissolved metals, total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, and volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, including organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Streambed sediment samples were analyzed for total metals, total organic carbon, percent moisture, and volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, including organochlorine pesticides and PCBs.\r\nThe benthic macroinvertebrate community within the stream channel also was sampled at the four chemical sampling sites and at one additional site in April and September. Each of the five sites was assessed for physical habitat quality. Water collected periodically at the PVC pipe discharge between November 1998 and November 1999 was used to conduct 48-hour acute and 7-day chronic toxicity tests using selected laboratory test organisms. Two 10-day chronic toxicity tests of streambed sediments collected near the discharge pipe also were conducted.\r\nAnalyses showed that organic and inorganic constituents in water from beneath the landfill were discharged into the sampled tributary. In April, 79 percent of inorganic constituents detected in water had their highest concentrations at the site closest to the landfill; at the same site, 59 percent of inorganic constituents detected in streambed sediments were at\r\ntheir lowest concentration. The low dissolved-oxygen concentration and relatively low pH in ground water from beneath the landfill probably had a direct effect on the solubility of metals and other constituents, resulting in the high concentration of inorganic constituents in water, low concentration in sediment, and the development of the precipitate. Most constituents in water in April were progressively lower in concentration from the landfill site downstream. The highest concentrations for 59 percent of constituents detected in sediment were at the farthest downstream site, suggesting that the inorganic constituents came out of solution as the stream water was exposed to the atmosphere. In September, 52 percent of inorganic constituents\r\ndetected in water were at their highest concentrations at the site nearest the landfill. Of inorganic constituents detected in streambed sediments in September, 60 percent were at their highest concentrations near the landfill. A storm that occurred a few days prior to the September sampling probably affected the preceding steady-state conditions and the distribution of constituents in sediment along the stream. Concentrations of many inorganic constituents in water remained elevated at the farthest downstream site in comparison to the reference site in April and September, indicating that concentrations did not return to background concentrations. In April and September, most of the 17 organic compounds detected in water, including volatile organic and semivolatile organic compounds, were collected in samples near the landfill, and most concentrations were below their respective reporting limits. Probably because of their volatility, few organic compounds were detected at sites downstream of that site. A total of 17 discrete organic compounds were detected in sediment samples in either April or September, including trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene along with their degrad","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034116","usgsCitation":"Ebner, D.B., Cherry, D.S., and Currie, R.J., 2004, Water and Streambed Sediment Quality, and Ecotoxicology of a Stream along the Blue Ridge Parkway, Adjacent to a Closed Landfill, near Roanoke, Virginia: 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4116, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034116.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5102,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebner, Donna Belval","contributorId":18226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"Belval","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherry, Donald S.","contributorId":96535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Currie, Rebecca J.","contributorId":60498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currie","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026393,"text":"70026393 - 2004 - Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026393","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca","docAbstract":"We evaluated the influence of sediment characteristics, acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and organic matter (OM), on the toxicity of chromium (Cr) in freshwater sediments. We conducted chronic (28-42-d) toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca exposed to Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in water and in spiked sediments. Waterborne Cr(VI) caused reduced survival of amphipods with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 40 ??g/L. Cr(VI) spiked into test sediments with differing levels of AVS resulted in graded decreases in AVS and sediment OM. Only Cr(VI)-spiked sediments with low AVS concentrations (<1 ??mol/g) caused significant amphipod mortality. Waterborne Cr(III) concentrations near solubility limits caused decreased survival of amphipods at pH 7 and pH 8 but not at pH 6. Sediments spiked with high levels of Cr(III) did not affect amphipod survival but had minor effects on growth and inconsistent effects on reproduction. Pore waters of some Cr(III)-spiked sediments contained measurable concentrations of Cr(VI), but observed toxic effects did not correspond closely to Cr concentrations in sediment or pore waters. Our results indicate that risks of Cr toxicity are low in freshwater sediments containing substantial concentrations of AVS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es049715i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Besser, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Kemble, N., May, T., and Ingersoll, C., 2004, Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 23, p. 6210-6216, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049715i.","startPage":"6210","endPage":"6216","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208395,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049715i"},{"id":234123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c2e4b0c8380cd51803","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, J.M.","contributorId":91569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026449,"text":"70026449 - 2004 - Continuous thermochemical conversion process to produce oil from swine manure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026449","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Continuous thermochemical conversion process to produce oil from swine manure","docAbstract":"Thermochemical conversion (TCC) of livestock manure is a novel technology that has shown very promising results in treating waste and producing oil. A batch TCC system that was previously developed successfully converted 70% of swine manure volatile solids to oil and reduced manure chemical oxygen demand by ??? 75%. The necessary retention time to achieve an oil product was largely dependent on the operating temperature. The highest oil production efficiency was 80% of the volatile solids (or 70 wt % of the total solids). The average carbon and hydrogen contents were ??? 72 and 9%, respectively. The heating values for 80% of the oil products ranged from 32,000 to 36,700 kJ/kg. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the AWMA 97th Annual Conference and Exhibition (Indianapolis, IN 6/22-25/2004).","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition, AWMA","conferenceTitle":"AWMA's 97th Annual Conference and Exhibition; Sustainable Development: Gearing Up for the Challenge","conferenceDate":"22 June 2004 through 25 June 2004","conferenceLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","language":"English","issn":"10526102","usgsCitation":"Ocfemia, K., Zhang, Y., Funk, T., Christianson, L., and Chen, S., 2004, Continuous thermochemical conversion process to produce oil from swine manure, in Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition, AWMA, Indianapolis, IN, 22 June 2004 through 25 June 2004.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa62e4b0c8380cd4daa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ocfemia, K.","contributorId":45088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ocfemia","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Funk, T.","contributorId":72571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christianson, L.","contributorId":14162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, S.","contributorId":7856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027299,"text":"70027299 - 2004 - Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:56:53","indexId":"70027299","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"We exposed 3 benthic invertebrates, the clam Macoma balthica, the polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentataand the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus, to Ag-contaminated sediments to evaluate the relative importance of various uptake routes (sediments, porewater or overlying water, and supplementary food) for Ag bioaccumulation. Silver bioaccumulation was evaluated at 4 levels of sediment Ag (0.1, 0,3, 1,2 and 3.3 µmol Ag g-1) and 2 levels of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), <0.5 or ~40 µmol g-1, and compared among food treatments with or without Ag contamination, or with different food rations. L. plumulosus were incubated for 35 d in the Ag-contaminated sediments after 3 mo of Ag-sediment equilibration, and M. balthica and N. arenaceodentata for 19 d after 5 mo equilibration. Ag bioaccumulation in the 3 organisms was significantly correlated with 1N HCl-extractable Ag concentrations (Ag-SEM: simultaneously extracted Ag with AVS) in sediments. The Ag concentrations in porewater and overlying water were greatest in the sediments with least AVS, consistent with previous studies. Nevertheless, the amphipod and clam exposed to oxic sediments (<0.5 µmol AVS g-1) accumulated amounts of Ag similar to those accumulated by organisms exposed to anoxic sediments (~40 µmol AVS g-1), when Ag-SEM levels were comparable. The dissolved Ag source was important for bioaccumulation in the polychaete N. arenaceodentata. Amphipods fed Ag-contaminated food contained ~1.8-fold more tissue Ag concentrations than those fed uncontaminated food. As suggested in kinetic (DYMBAM) modeling studies, ingestion of contaminated sediments and food were the principle routes of Ag bioaccumulation by the benthic invertebrates during chronic exposure, but the relative importance of each uptake route differed among species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Ecology","doi":"10.3354/meps270141","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Yoo, H., Lee, J., Lee, B., Lee, I., Schlekat, C., Koh, C., and Luoma, S., 2004, Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 270, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps270141.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps270141","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"270","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd78e4b08c986b32904b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoo, H.","contributorId":46725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoo","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, J.-S.","contributorId":15787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, B.-G.","contributorId":11777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"B.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, I.T.","contributorId":19352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"I.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schlekat, C.E.","contributorId":89683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlekat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koh, C.-H.","contributorId":9797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026450,"text":"70026450 - 2004 - Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026450","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes","docAbstract":"Volatilization rates of neat liquids (benzene, toluene, fluorobenzene, bromobenzene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, and 1-methylnaphthalene) and of solutes (phenol, m-cresol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and ethylene dibromide) from dilute water solutions have been measured in the laboratory over a wide range of air speeds and water-stirring rates. The overall transfer coefficients (KL) for individual solutes are independent of whether they are in single- or multi-solute solutions. The gas-film transfer coefficients (kG) for solutes in the two-film model, which have hitherto been estimated by extrapolation from reference coefficients, can now be determined directly from the volatilization rates of neatliquids through anew algorithm. The associated liquid-film transfer coefficients (KL) can then be obtained from measured KL and kG values and solute Henry law constants (H). This approach provides a novel means for checking the precision of any kL and kG estimation methods for ultimate prediction of KL. The improved kG estimation enables accurate K L predictions for low-volatility (i.e., low-H) solutes where K L and kGH are essentially equal. In addition, the prediction of KL values for high-volatility (i.e., high-H) solutes, where KL ??? kL, is also improved by using appropriate reference kL values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0353964","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Chao, H., Chiou, C.T., and Manes, M., 2004, Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 16, p. 4327-4333, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0353964.","startPage":"4327","endPage":"4333","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0353964"},{"id":234442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8f2e4b08c986b327b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.-F.","contributorId":22910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, H.-P.","contributorId":22945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"H.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manes, M.","contributorId":17390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027441,"text":"70027441 - 2004 - Clay-catalyzed reactions of coagulant polymers during water chlorination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027441","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2222,"text":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clay-catalyzed reactions of coagulant polymers during water chlorination","docAbstract":"The influence of suspended clay/solid particles on organic-coagulant reactions during water chlorination was investigated by analyses of total product formation potential (TPFP) and disinfection by-product (DBP) distribution as a function of exchanged clay cation, coagulant organic polymer, and reaction time. Montmorillonite clays appeared to act as a catalytic center where the reaction between adsorbed polymer and disinfectant (chlorine) was mediated closely by the exchanged clay cation. The transition-metal cations in clays catalyzed more effectively than other cations the reactions between a coagulant polymer and chlorine, forming a large number of volatile DBPs. The relative catalytic effects of clays/solids followed the order Ti-Mont > Fe-Mont > Cu-Mont > Mn-Mont > Ca-Mont > Na-Mont > quartz > talc. The effects of coagulant polymers on TPFP follow the order nonionic polymer > anionic polymer > cationic polymer. The catalytic role of the clay cation was further confirmed by the observed inhibition in DBP formation when strong chelating agents (o-phenanthroline and ethylenediamine) were added to the clay suspension. Moreover, in the presence of clays, total DBPs increased appreciably when either the reaction time or the amount of the added clay or coagulant polymer increased. For volatile DBPs, the formation of halogenated methanes was usually time-dependent, with chloroform and dichloromethane showing the greatest dependence. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.065","issn":"00219797","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Liao, P., Lee, C., Chao, H., Peng, C., and Chiou, C.T., 2004, Clay-catalyzed reactions of coagulant polymers during water chlorination: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 270, no. 2, p. 381-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.065.","startPage":"381","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211064,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.065"},{"id":238228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"270","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f63ee4b0c8380cd4c62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.-F.","contributorId":22910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liao, P.-M.","contributorId":105467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"P.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, C.-K.","contributorId":7074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chao, H.-P.","contributorId":22945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"H.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peng, C.-L.","contributorId":20148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"C.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027278,"text":"70027278 - 2004 - Functional group and individual maceral chemistry of high volatile bituminous coals from southern Indiana: Controls on coking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027278","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional group and individual maceral chemistry of high volatile bituminous coals from southern Indiana: Controls on coking","docAbstract":"The individual maceral chemistries of two Pennsylvanian, high volatile bituminous coals, the Danville Coal Member (Dugger Formation, R o=0.55%) and the Lower Block Coal Member (Brazil Formation, R o=0.56%) of Indiana, were investigated using electron microprobe and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) techniques, with the purpose of understanding differences in their coking behavior. Microprobe results reveal that carbon contents are highest in inertinite and sporinite, followed by desmocollinite and telocollinite. Oxygen and organic nitrogen are most abundant in telocollinite and desmocollinite; sporinite and inertinite contain lesser amounts of these two elements. Organic sulfur contents are highest in sporinite, lowest in inertinite, and intermediate in desmocollinite and telocollinite. Vitrinites within the Danville and Lower Block coals are very similar in elemental composition, while Lower Block inertinites and sporinites have higher carbon, lower oxygen, and sulfur contents which, when combined with the inertinite-and sporinite-rich composition of the Lower Block seam, strongly influences its whole coal chemistry. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry revealed greater aromatic hydrogen in the Lower Block coal, along with higher CH2/CH3 ratios, which suggest that liptinites contribute considerable amounts of long-chain, unbranched aliphatics to the overall kerogen composition of the Lower Block coal. Long-chain, unbranched aliphatics crack at higher temperatures, producing tar and oily byproducts during coking; these may help increase Lower Block plasticity. Electron microprobe and FTIR results indicate that individual maceral chemistries, combined with the maceral composition of the seam, are the primary control of better coking properties of the Lower Block coal. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2003.10.008","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., and Mastalerz, M., 2004, Functional group and individual maceral chemistry of high volatile bituminous coals from southern Indiana: Controls on coking: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 181-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.10.008.","startPage":"181","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.10.008"},{"id":235201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1412e4b0c8380cd548be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.","contributorId":64182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026905,"text":"70026905 - 2004 - Relations between land use and organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and semi-volatile organic compounds in streambed sediment and fish on the island of Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T16:27:06.033701","indexId":"70026905","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between land use and organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and semi-volatile organic compounds in streambed sediment and fish on the island of Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Bed-sediment and/or fish samples were collected from 27 sites around the island of Oahu (representing urban, agricultural, mixed, and forested land use) to determine the occurrence and distribution of hydrophobic organic compounds including organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Of the 28 organochlorine compounds analyzed in the fish, 14 were detected during this study. Nineteen of the 31 organochlorine compounds and 40 of the 65 SVOCs were detected in the sediment. Urban sites had the highest number of detections and tended to have the highest concentrations of pesticides. Chlordane compounds were the most frequently detected constituents at urban sites, followed by dieldrin, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and DDT compounds. PAHs were the most frequently detected constituents in watersheds with mixed (urban and agricultural) land use. The only pesticides detected at agricultural sites were DDT and its degradation products, DDD and DDE. No pesticides or PCBs were detected at the forested sites, but a few ubiquitous SVOCs were found in sediments at some forested sites. In general, concentrations of the most frequently detected pesticides were higher in fish than in sediment. Following a trend that has been observed elsewhere in the nation, concentrations of most organochlorine pesticides and PCBs are decreasing in Hawaii.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-003-3019-4","usgsCitation":"Brasher, A., and Wolff, R., 2004, Relations between land use and organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and semi-volatile organic compounds in streambed sediment and fish on the island of Oahu, Hawaii: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 46, no. 3, p. 385-398, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3019-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":335,"text":"Hawaii Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.323974609375,\n 21.591042935724218\n ],\n [\n -158.29925537109375,\n 21.501630083695005\n ],\n [\n -158.148193359375,\n 21.263780615837838\n ],\n [\n -157.62359619140625,\n 21.250982076868247\n ],\n [\n -157.70050048828125,\n 21.488852324870077\n ],\n [\n -157.80487060546872,\n 21.5782730455876\n ],\n [\n -157.93670654296872,\n 21.749295836732088\n ],\n [\n -158.14544677734375,\n 21.644664169522276\n ],\n [\n -158.323974609375,\n 21.591042935724218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6ebe4b0e8fec6cdc2e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brasher, A.M.D.","contributorId":8213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolff, R.H.","contributorId":23736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026896,"text":"70026896 - 2004 - Potential health impacts of burning coal beds and waste banks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026896","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential health impacts of burning coal beds and waste banks","docAbstract":"Uncontrolled release of pollutants from burning coal beds and waste banks presents potential environmental and human health hazards. On a global scale, the emissions of large volumes of greenhouse gases from burning coal beds may contribute to climate change that alters ecosystems and patterns of disease occurrence. On regional and local scales, the emissions from burning coal beds and waste banks of acidic gases, particulates, organic compounds, and trace elements can contribute to a range of respiratory and other human health problems. Although there are few published reports of health problems caused by these emissions, the potential for problems can be significant. In India, large numbers of people have been displaced from their homes because of health problems caused by emissions from burning coal beds. Volatile elements such as arsenic, fluorine, mercury, and selenium are commonly enriched in coal deposits. Burning coal beds can volatilize these elements, which then can be inhaled, or adsorbed on crops and foods, taken up by livestock or bioaccumulated in birds and fish. Some of these elements can condense on dust particles that can be inhaled or ingested. In addition, selenium, arsenic, lead, tin, bismuth, fluorine, and other elements condense where the hot gaseous emissions come in contact with ambient air, forming mats of concentrated efflorescent minerals on the surface of the ground. These mats can be leached by rainwater and washed into local water bodies providing other potential routes of exposure. Although there are little data linking burning coal beds and waste banks to known health problems, a possibly analogous situation exists in rural China where mineralized coal burned in a residential environment has caused widespread and severe health problems such as fluorosis and arseniasis. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2003.11.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 2004, Potential health impacts of burning coal beds and waste banks: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 19-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.11.002.","startPage":"19","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.11.002"},{"id":235316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f36e4b0c8380cd7a9bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027064,"text":"70027064 - 2004 - Mineral matter and potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Qianxi Fault Depression Area in southwestern Guizhou, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027064","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral matter and potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Qianxi Fault Depression Area in southwestern Guizhou, China","docAbstract":"Mineralogy, coal chemistry and 21 potentially hazardous trace elements (PHTEs) of 44 coal samples from the Qianxi Fault Depression Area (QFDA) in southwestern Guizhou province, China have been systematically studied. The major minerals in coals studied are quartz, kaolinite, illite, pyrite, calcite, smectite, marcasite and accessory minerals, including rutile, dolomite, siderite, gypsum, chlorite, melanterite, apatite, collophane and florencite. The SiO2 content shows a broad variation (0.8-30.7%). A high SiO2 content in Late Permian coals reflects their enrichment in quartz. The Al2O3 content varies from 0.8% to 13.4%, Fe2O3 from 0.2% to 14.6%, CaO from <0.1% to 11.9% and the contents of other oxides are relatively low. The relationship between the major oxides and the ash content of coals from high to low is in the order of Si>Al>K>Ti>Na>Mg>Ca>Fe>S. A comparison with World coal averages shows that the Late Permian coals in QFDA are highly enriched in As, Hg, F and U, and are slightly enriched in Mo, Se, Th, V and Zn. The Late Triassic coals in QFDA are highly enriched in As and Hg, and are slightly enriched in Mo, Th and U. The concentrations of As, Hg, Mo, Se, Tl and Zn in the QFDA coal are higher than other Guizhou coal and Liupanshui coal nearby. The QFDA is an area strongly affected by the low-temperature hydrothermal activity during its geologic history (Yanshanian Age, about 189 Ma). The coals in QFDA are enriched in volatile PHTEs, including As, Hg, Se, Sb, Mo, among others. The regions where the coals are enriched in As, Hg and F have been mapped. The regions of coals enriched in volatile PHTEs overlap with the regions of noble metal ore deposits. These coals are located in the cores of anticline and anticlinorium, which are connected with the profound faults through the normal faults. Coals are enriched in volatile PHTEs as a result of the low-temperature hydrothermal activity associated with tectonic faulting. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zhang, J., Ren, D., Zhu, Y., Chou, C.L., Zeng, R., and Zheng, B., 2004, Mineral matter and potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Qianxi Fault Depression Area in southwestern Guizhou, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.001.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.001"},{"id":235159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5799e4b0c8380cd6dd98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Y.","contributorId":84947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zeng, R.","contributorId":24528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zheng, B.","contributorId":51489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027759,"text":"70027759 - 2004 - Importance of equilibration time in the partitioning and toxicity of zinc in spiked sediment bioassays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:29:45","indexId":"70027759","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of equilibration time in the partitioning and toxicity of zinc in spiked sediment bioassays","docAbstract":"The influences of spiked Zn concentrations (1–40 μmol/g) and equilibration time (˜ 95 d) on the partitioning of Zn between pore water (PW) and sediment were evaluated with estuarine sediments containing two levels (5 and 15 μmol/g) of acid volatile sulfides (AVS). Their influence on Zn bioavailability was also evaluated by a parallel, 10‐d amphipod (Leptocheirus plumulosus) mortality test at 5, 20, and 85 d of equilibration. During the equilibration, AVS increased (up to twofold) with spiked Zn concentration ([Zn]), whereas Zn‐simultaneously extracted metals ([SEM]; Zn with AVS) remained relatively constant. Concentrations of Zn in PW decreased most rapidly during the initial 30 d and by 11‐ to 23‐fold during the whole 95‐d equilibration period. The apparent partitioning coefficient (Kpw, ratio of [Zn] in SEM to PW) increased by 10‐ to 20‐fold with time and decreased with spiked [Zn] in sediments. The decrease of PW [Zn] could be explained by a combination of changes in AVS and redistribution of Zn into more insoluble phases as the sediment aged. Amphipod mortality decreased significantly with the equilibration time, consistent with decrease in dissolved [Zn]. The median lethal concentration (LC50) value (33 μM) in the second bioassay, conducted after 20 d of equilibration, was twofold the LC50 in the initial bioassay at 5 d of equilibration, probably because of the change of dissolved Zn speciation. Sediment bioassay protocols employing a short equilibration time and high spiked metal concentrations could accentuate partitioning of metals to the dissolved phase and shift the pathway for metal exposure toward the dissolved phase.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected or compiled data on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in samples of untreated ground water from 1,926 rural private wells during 1986 to 1999. At least one VOC was detected in 12 percent of samples from rural private wells. Individual VOCs were not commonly detected with the seven most frequently detected compounds found in only 1 to 5 percent of samples at or above a concentration of 0.2 microgram per liter (μg/l). An assessment level of 0.2 μg/l was selected so that comparisons of detection frequencies between VOCs could be made. The seven most frequently detected VOCs were: trichloromethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrachloroethene, dichlorodifluoromethane, methylbenzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Solvents and trihalomethanes were the most frequently detected VOC groups in private wells. The distributions of detections of gasoline oxygenates and fumigants seemed to be related to the use patterns of compounds in these groups. Mixtures were a common mode of occurrence of VOCs with one-quarter of all samples with detections including two or more VOCs. The concentrations of most detected VOCs were relatively small and only 1.4 percent of samples had one or more VOC concentrations that exceeded a federally established drinking water standard or health criterion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., Lapham, W., Rowe, B., and Zogorski, J., 2004, Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 5, p. 1141-1157, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2c3e4b08c986b32ad49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, W.W.","contributorId":36583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, B.L.","contributorId":22384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026584,"text":"70026584 - 2004 - VOCs in shallow groundwater in new residential/commercial areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026584","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VOCs in shallow groundwater in new residential/commercial areas of the United States","docAbstract":"The quality of shallow groundwater in urban areas was investigated by sampling 518 monitoring wells between 1996 and 2002 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Well networks were installed primarily in new residential/commercial areas less than about 30 years old (17 studies) and in small towns (2 studies) by randomly locating as many as 30 monitoring wells in each study area. The median well depth was 10 m. Based on samples with age-date information, almost all groundwater was recharged after 1950. Samples were analyzed for 53 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Concentrations ranged from about 0.001 to 1000 ??g/L (median 0.04), with less than 1% of the samples exceeding a Maximum Contamination Level or Drinking Water Advisory established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Using uncensored concentration data, at least one VOC was detected in 88% of the samples, and at least two VOCs were detected in 69% of the samples. Chloroform, toluene, and perchloroethene were the three most frequently detected VOCs. Dissolved oxygen concentration, estimated recharge index, and land-use were significant variables in logistic regression models that explained the presence of the commonly detected VOCs. Dissolved oxygen concentration was the most important explanatory variable in logistic regression models for 6 of the 14 most frequently detected VOCs. Bromodichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane had a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen; in contrast, dichloroethane, benzene, and toluene had a negative correlation with dissolved oxygen.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0349756","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Moran, M., and Price, C.V., 2004, VOCs in shallow groundwater in new residential/commercial areas of the United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 20, p. 5327-5338, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0349756.","startPage":"5327","endPage":"5338","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208537,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0349756"},{"id":234346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0ede4b08c986b32a3bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squillace, P. J.","contributorId":8878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, C. V.","contributorId":19190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026528,"text":"70026528 - 2004 - Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026528","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA","docAbstract":"Samples of coals from several coalbeds in Indiana were analyzed for CO2 and CH4 sorption capacity using a high-pressure adsorption isotherm technique. Coal quality and petrographic composition of the coals were determined to study their relationships to the volume of CO2 and CH4 that could be sorbed into the coal. At the temperature of 17 ??C and 400 psi (??? 2.8 MPa), the coals can sorb (on dry ash-free basis) from 4 to 6.3 m3/ton (128-202 scf/ton) of CH4 and 19.5-24.6 m3/ton4 (624 to 788 scf/ton) of CO2. The ratio of CO2/CH4 at these conditions ranges from 3.5 to 5.3 and decreases with an increasing pressure for all coals. The coals studied are of a very similar coal rank (Ro from 0.48 to 0.62%) but of varying petrographic composition, and CO2 sorption volumes appear to be positively correlated to the content of maceral telocollinite. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Gluskoter, H.J., and Rupp, J., 2004, Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 60, no. 1, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001"},{"id":233980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35ee4b0c8380cd4b75d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gluskoter, Harold J. halg@usgs.gov","contributorId":21319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gluskoter","given":"Harold","email":"halg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, J.","contributorId":78128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026693,"text":"70026693 - 2004 - Ancient wet aeolian environments on Earth: Clues to presence of fossil/live microorganisms on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026693","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient wet aeolian environments on Earth: Clues to presence of fossil/live microorganisms on Mars","docAbstract":"Ancient wet aeolian (wet-sabkha) environments on Earth, represented in the Entrada and Navajo sandstones of Utah, contain pipe structures considered to be the product of gas/water release under pressure. The sediments originally had considerable porosity allowing the ingress of living plant structures, microorganisms, clay minerals, and fine-grained primary minerals of silt and sand size from the surface downward in the sedimentary column. Host rock material is of a similar size and porosity and presumably the downward migration of fine-grained material would have been possible prior to lithogenesis and final cementation. Recent field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and EDS (energy-dispersive spectrometry) examination of sands from fluidized pipes in the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone reveal the presence of fossil forms resembling fungal filaments, some bearing hyphopodium-like structures similar to those produced by modern tropical leaf parasites. The tropical origin of the fungi is consistent with the paleogeography of the sandstone, which was deposited in a tropical arid environment. These fossil fungi are silicized, with minor amounts of CaCO3 and Fe, and in some cases a Si/Al ratio similar to smectite. They exist as pseudomorphs, totally depleted in nitrogen, adhering to the surfaces of fine-grained sands, principally quartz and orthoclase. Similar wet aeolian paleoenvironments are suspected for Mars, especially following catastrophic sediment-charged floods of enormous magnitudes that are believed to have contributed to rapid formation of large water bodies in the northern plains, ranging from lakes to oceans. These events are suspected to have contributed to a high frequency of constructional landforms (also known as pseudocraters) related to trapped volatiles and water-enriched sediment underneath a thick blanket of materials that were subsequently released to the martian surface, forming piping structures at the near surface and constructional landforms at the surface. This constructional process on Mars may help unravel the complex history of some of the piping structures observed on Earth; on Earth, evidence for the constructional landforms has been all but erased and the near-surface piping structures exposed through millions of years of differential erosion and topographic inversion now occur as high-standing promontories. If the features on both Earth and Mars formed by similar processes, especially involving water and other volatiles, and since the piping structures of Earth provided suitable environments for life to thrive in, the martian features in the northern plains should be considered as prime targets for physico/mineral/chemical/microbiological analyses once the astrobiological exploration of the red planet begins in earnest. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.014","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Mahaney, W., Milner, M., Netoff, D.I., Malloch, D., Dohm, J.M., Baker, V., Miyamoto, H., Hare, T., and Komatsu, G., 2004, Ancient wet aeolian environments on Earth: Clues to presence of fossil/live microorganisms on Mars: Icarus, v. 171, no. 1, p. 39-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.014.","startPage":"39","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208460,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.014"},{"id":234214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf8e4b0c8380cd48fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahaney, W.C.","contributorId":41187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahaney","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milner, M.W.","contributorId":53125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Netoff, D. I.","contributorId":89159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Netoff","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malloch, D.","contributorId":47948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malloch","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miyamoto, H.","contributorId":56831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyamoto","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Komatsu, G.","contributorId":35913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70026894,"text":"70026894 - 2004 - Petrographic and geochemical contrasts and environmentally significant trace elements in marine-influenced coal seams, Yanzhou mining area, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026894","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic and geochemical contrasts and environmentally significant trace elements in marine-influenced coal seams, Yanzhou mining area, China","docAbstract":"The Yanzhou mining area in west Shandong Province, China contains coals of Permian and Carboniferous age. The 31 and 32 seams of the Permian Shanxi Formation and seams 6, 15-17 of the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation were analyzed for coal petrology, mineralogy and geochemical parameters. The parameters indicate that the coal is high volatile bituminous in rank. The coal is characterized by high vitrinite and low to medium inertinite and liptinite contents. These properties may be related to evolution of the coal forming environment from more reducing conditions in a marine influenced lower delta plain environment for the early Taiyuan coals to more oxidizing paleoenvironments in an upper delta plain for the upper Shanxi coal seams. The major mineral phases present in the coal are quartz, kaolinite, pyrite and calcite. Sulfur is one of the hazardous elements in coal. The major forms of sulfur in coal are pyritic, organic and sulfate sulfur. Pyritic and organic sulfur generally account for the bulk of the sulfur in coal. Elemental sulfur also occurs in coal, but only in trace to minor amounts. In this paper, the distribution and concentration of sulfur in the Yanzhou mining district are analyzed, and the forms of sulfur are studied. The sulfur content of the Taiyuan coal seams is considerably higher than that of the Shanxi coals. Organic sulfur content is positively correlated to total and pyritic sulfur. The vertical variation of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Th, U and sulfur contents in coal seam 3 of the Shanxi Formation in the Xinglongzhuang mine show that all these trace elements, with the exception of Th, are enriched in the top and bottom plies of the seam, and that their concentrations are also relatively high in the dirt bands within the seam. The pyritic sulfur is positively correlated with total sulfur, and both are enriched in the top, bottom and parting plies of the seam. The concentrations of the trace elements are closely related to sulfur and ash contents. Most of the trace elements are correlated with the ash content, and may be associated with the mineral matter in the coal. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.07.003","issn":"13679120","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Yang, P., Peng, Z., and Chou, C.L., 2004, Petrographic and geochemical contrasts and environmentally significant trace elements in marine-influenced coal seams, Yanzhou mining area, China: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 23, no. 4, p. 491-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.07.003.","startPage":"491","endPage":"506","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.07.003"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7790e4b0c8380cd78516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, P.","contributorId":100157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026812,"text":"70026812 - 2004 - Effects of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene on wild rodents at Edwards Air Force Base, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T13:17:53","indexId":"70026812","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene on wild rodents at Edwards Air Force Base, California, USA","docAbstract":"Effects of inhalation of volatilized trichloroethylene (TCE) or perchloroethylene (PCE) were assessed based on the health and population size of wild, burrowing mammals at Edwards Air Force Base (CA, USA). Organic soil-vapor concentrations were measured at three sites with aquifer contamination of TCE or PCE of 5.5 to 77 mg/L and at two uncontaminated reference sites. Population estimates of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami and D. panamintinus) as well as hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology of kangaroo rats and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were compared between contaminated and uncontaminated populations. Maximum soil-gas concentrations associated with groundwater contamination were less than 1.5 μl/L of TCE and 0.07 μl/L of PCE. Population estimates of kangaroo rats were similar at contaminated and reference sites. Hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology of kangaroo rats and deer mice indicated no evidence of health effects caused by exposure. Trichloroethylene or PCE in groundwater and in related soil gas did not appear to reduce the size of small mammal populations or impair the health of individuals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/03-477","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Spring, S.E., Miles, A.K., and Anderson, M.J., 2004, Effects of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene on wild rodents at Edwards Air Force Base, California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 23, no. 9, p. 2162-2169, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-477.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2162","endPage":"2169","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-477"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0814e4b0c8380cd51977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spring, Sarah E. 0000-0003-1586-4875 sarah_spring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-4875","contributorId":3371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spring","given":"Sarah","email":"sarah_spring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Michael J.","contributorId":174947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026832,"text":"70026832 - 2004 - Fate of volatile organic compounds in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:40:33","indexId":"70026832","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of volatile organic compounds in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands","docAbstract":"The fate of volatile organic compounds was evaluated in a wastewater-dependent constructed wetland near Phoenix, AZ, using field measurements and solute transport modeling. Numerically based volatilization rates were determined using inverse modeling techniques and hydraulic parameters established by sodium bromide tracer experiments. Theoretical volatilization rates were calculated from the two-film method incorporating physicochemical properties and environmental conditions. Additional analyses were conducted using graphically determined volatilization rates based on field measurements. Transport (with first-order removal) simulations were performed using a range of volatilization rates and were evaluated with respect to field concentrations. The inverse and two-film reactive transport simulations demonstrated excellent agreement with measured concentrations for 1,4-dichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethene, dichloromethane, and trichloromethane and fair agreement for dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and toluene. Wetland removal efficiencies from inlet to outlet ranged from 63% to 87% for target compounds.