{"pageNumber":"350","pageRowStart":"8725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":31194,"text":"ofr00502 - 2000 - Digital airborne time domain electromagnetic data from surveys over Cochiti Pueblo, Rio Puerco, and Rio Rancho, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T12:58:34","indexId":"ofr00502","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-502","title":"Digital airborne time domain electromagnetic data from surveys over Cochiti Pueblo, Rio Puerco, and Rio Rancho, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The Albuquerque-Santa Fe region is rapidly growing. The Santa Fe Group aquifer in the Middle Rio Grande Basin (MRGB) is the main source of municipal water for the greater Albuquerque metropolitan area and is more limited than previously thought (Thorn et al., 1993). The MRGB, as defined hydrologically and used here, is the area within the Rio Grande Valley extending from Cochiti Dam downstream to the community of San Acacia (Figure 1). Because approximately 600,000 people (40 percent of the population of New Mexico) live in the study area (Bartolino, 1999), water shortfalls could have serious consequences for the state. Future growth and land management in the region depends on accurate assessment and protection of the region’s groundwater resources. An important issue in understanding the ground water resources is a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the Santa Fe Group, the sedimentary deposits that fill the Rio Grande rift and contain the principal groundwater aquifers. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00502","usgsCitation":"Deszcz-Pan, M., Rodriguez, B.D., Doucette, J.P., Godbout, M., Williams, J.M., Sawyer, D., Stone, B., Grauch, V., and Geoterrex-Dighem, 2000, Digital airborne time domain electromagnetic data from surveys over Cochiti Pueblo, Rio Puerco, and Rio Rancho, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-502, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00502.","productDescription":"CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2706,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0502/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States ","state":"New Mexico","city":"Cochiti Pueblo, Rio Puerco, Rio Rancho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.74316406249999,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.61181640625,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.61181640625,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.74316406249999,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.74316406249999,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maria 0000-0002-6298-5314 maryla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5314","contributorId":1263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maria","email":"maryla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, B. D.","contributorId":6084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doucette, J. P.","contributorId":14859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doucette","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godbout, Michel","contributorId":102530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godbout","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, J. M.","contributorId":91142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stone, B. D. 0000-0001-6092-0798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":50919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"B. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grauch, V.J. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":70362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Geoterrex-Dighem","contributorId":128043,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Geoterrex-Dighem","id":785566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":27166,"text":"wri004110 - 2000 - Estimating the probability of elevated nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) concentrations in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T19:33:39.924408","indexId":"wri004110","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4110","displayTitle":"Estimating the probability of elevated nitrate (NO<sub>2</sub>+NO<sub>3</sub>-N) concentrations in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, Washington","title":"Estimating the probability of elevated nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) concentrations in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, Washington","docAbstract":"Logistic regression was used to relate anthropogenic (man-made) and natural factors to the occurrence of elevated concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, eastern Washington. Variables that were analyzed included well depth, depth of well casing, ground-water recharge rates, presence of canals, fertilizer application amounts, soils, surficial geology, and land-use types. The variables that best explain the occurrence of nitrate concentrations above 3 milligrams per liter in wells were the amount of fertilizer applied annually within a 2-kilometer radius of a well and the depth of the well casing; the variables that best explain the occurrence of nitrate above 10 milligrams per liter included the amount of fertilizer applied annually within a 3-kilometer radius of a well, the depth of the well casing, and the mean soil hydrologic group, which is a measure of soil infiltration rate. Based on the relations between these variables and elevated nitrate concentrations, models were developed using logistic regression that predict the probability that ground water will exceed a nitrate concentration of either 3 milligrams per liter or 10 milligrams per liter. Maps were produced that illustrate the predicted probability that ground-water nitrate concentrations will exceed 3 milligrams per liter or 10 milligrams per liter for wells cased to 78 feet below land surface (median casing depth) and the predicted depth to which wells would need to be cased in order to have an 80-percent probability of drawing water with a nitrate concentration below either 3 milligrams per liter or 10 milligrams per liter. Maps showing the predicted probability for the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations indicate that the irrigated agricultural regions are most at risk. The predicted depths to which wells need to be cased in order to have an 80-percent chance of obtaining low nitrate ground water exceed 600 feet in the irrigated agricultural regions, whereas wells in dryland agricultural areas generally need a casing in excess of 400 feet. The predicted depth to which wells need to be cased to have at least an 80-percent chance to draw water with a nitrate concentration less than 10 milligrams per liter generally did not exceed 800 feet, with a 200-foot casing depth typical of the majority of the area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004110","usgsCitation":"Frans, L.M., 2000, Estimating the probability of elevated nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) concentrations in ground water in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4110, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004110.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33855.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              46.26\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              46.26\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              48\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30647,"text":"wri004029 - 2000 - A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri004029","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4029","title":"A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Water withdrawals from the 155-square-mile Ipswich River Basin in northeastern Massachusetts affect aquatic habitat, water quality, and recreational use of the river. To better understand the effects of these withdrawals on streamflow, particularly low flow, the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) was used to develop a watershed-scale precipitation-runoff model of the Ipswich River to simulate its hydrology and complex water-use patterns.An analytical solution was used to compute time series of streamflow depletions resulting from ground-water withdrawals at wells. The flow depletions caused by pumping from the wells were summed along with any surface-water withdrawals to calculate the total withdrawal along a stream reach. The water withdrawals, records of precipitation, and streamflow records on the Ipswich River at South Middleton and at Ipswich for the period 1989?93 were used to calibrate the model. Model-fit analysis indicates that the simulated flows matched observed flows over a wide range of conditions; at a minimum, the coefficient of model-fit efficiency indicates that the model explained 79 percent of the variance in the observed daily flow.Six alternative water-withdrawal and land-use scenarios were simulated with the model. Three scenarios were examined for the 1989?93 calibration period, and three scenarios were examined for the 1961?95 period to test alternative withdrawals and land use over a wider range of climatic conditions, and to compute 1-, 7-, and 30-day low-flow frequencies using a log-Pearson Type III analysis. Flow-duration curves computed from results of the 1989?93 simulations indicate that, at the South Middleton and Ipswich gaging stations, streamflows when no water withdrawals are being made are nearly identical to streamflows when no ground-water withdrawals are made. Streamflow under no water withdrawals at both stations are about an order of magnitude larger at the 99.8 percent exceedence probability than simulations with only ground-water withdrawals. Long-term simulations indicate that the differences between streamflow with no water withdrawals and average 1989?93 water withdrawals is similar to the difference between simulations for the same water-use conditions made for the 1989?93 period at both sites. The 7-day, 10-year low-flow (7Q10, a widely used regulatory statistic) at the South Middleton station was 4.1 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) with no water withdrawals and 1991 land use, 5.8 ft3/s no withdrawals and undeveloped land, and 0.54 ft3/s with average 1989?93 water withdrawals and 1991 land use. The 7Q10 at the Ipswich station was about 8.3 ft3/s for simulations with no water withdrawals for both the 1991 land use and the undeveloped land conditions, and 2.7 ft3/s for simulations with average 1989?93 water withdrawals and 1991 land use. Simulation results indicate that surface-water withdrawals have little effect on the duration and frequency of low flows, but the cumulative ground-water withdrawals substantially decrease low flows.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004029","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Ries, K., 2000, A precipitation-runoff model for analysis of the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow, Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4029, vi, 99 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004029.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3004,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004029","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26043,"text":"wri004093 - 2000 - Two months of flooding in eastern North Carolina, September-October 1999: Hydrologic, water-quality, and geologic effects of hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T20:53:01.008314","indexId":"wri004093","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4093","title":"Two months of flooding in eastern North Carolina, September-October 1999: Hydrologic, water-quality, and geologic effects of hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene","docAbstract":"The combined effects of Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene in September and October 1999 resulted in 2 months of flooding throughout most of eastern North Carolina. Hurricane Dennis battered the Outer Banks for almost a week in early September, resulting in severe shore- line erosion in some locations near Buxton and Rodanthe. Upon making landfall less than 2 weeks before Hurricane Floyd, Hurricane Dennis delivered 4 to 8 inches of rain to much of the Tar and Neuse River Basins, breaking a drought and saturating soils. Hurricane Floyd will likely be the second or third most costly hurricane to strike the United States in the 20th century, resulting in more fatalities than any hurricane to strike the United States since 1972. Rainfall amounts recorded during Hurricane Floyd (September 14-17, 1999) and accumulated during the months of September and October were unprecedented for many parts of eastern North Carolina during more than 80 years of precipitation records. Most recording stations in eastern North Carolina received at least half the average annual rainfall during the 2 months. Flooding was at record levels, and 500-year or greater floods occurred in all of the State's river basins east of Raleigh. More than half of the average annual nitrogen and phosphorus loads were transported in the Neuse and Tar Rivers by floodwaters during the 1-month period between mid-September and mid-October. Shoreline erosion from the passage of Hurricane Floyd was particularly severe along Oak and Topsail Islands; the effects of Hurricane Floyd on shoreline erosion and dune retreat were greater than the effects of Hurricane Bonnie in 1998. Fortunately, Hurricane Irene in mid-October did not make landfall in North Carolina, but rainfall from the storm did help ensure that several rivers in eastern North Carolina remained above flood stage for almost 2 months.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004093","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., Oblinger, C.J., and Sallenger, 2000, Two months of flooding in eastern North Carolina, September-October 1999: Hydrologic, water-quality, and geologic effects of hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4093, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004093.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391453,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27051.htm"},{"id":2030,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004093","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54821,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4093/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oblinger, Carolyn J. 0000-0003-2914-1643 oblinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-1643","contributorId":13275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oblinger","given":"Carolyn","email":"oblinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, Jr.","contributorId":105768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25664,"text":"wri994286 - 2000 - Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T21:15:14.73019","indexId":"wri994286","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4286","title":"Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data","docAbstract":"<p>Metals transport in the Sacramento River, northern California, was evaluated on the basis of samples of water, suspended colloids, streambed sediment, and caddisfly larvae that were collected on one to six occasions at 19 sites in the Sacramento River Basin from July 1996 to June 1997. Four of the sampling periods (July, September, and November 1996; and May-June 1997) took place during relatively low-flow conditions and two sampling periods (December 1996 and January 1997) took place during high-flow and flooding conditions; respectively. Tangential-flow ultrafiltration with 10,000 nominal molecular weight limit, or daltons (0.005 micrometer equivalent), pore-size membranes was used to separate metals in streamwater into ultrafiltrate (operationally defined dissolved fraction) and retentate (colloidal fraction) components, respectively. Conventional filtration with capsule filters (0.45 micrometer pore-size) and membrane filters (0.40 micrometer pore-size) and total-recoverable analysis of unfiltered (whole-body) samples were done for comparison at all sites. Because the total-recoverable analysis involves an incomplete digestion of particulate matter, a more reliable measurement of whole-water concentrations is derived from the sum of the dissolved component that is based on the ultrafiltrate plus the suspended component that is based on a total digestion of colloid concentrates from the ultra-filtration retentate. Metals in caddisfly larvae were determined for whole-body samples and cytosol extracts, which are intercellular solutions that provide a more sensitive indication of the metals that have been bioaccumulated.</p><p>Trace metals in acidic, metal-rich drainage from abandoned and inactive sulfide mines were observed to enter the Sacramento River system (specifically, into both Shasta Lake and Keswick Reservoir) in predominantly dissolved form, as operationally defined using ultrafiltrates. The predominant source of acid mine drainage to Keswick Reservoir is Spring Creek, which drains the Iron Mountain mine area. Copper concentrations in filtered samples from Spring Creek taken during December 1996, January 1997, and May 1997 ranged from 420 to 560 micrograms per liter. Below Keswick Dam, copper concentrations in conventionally filtered samples ranged from 0.5 micrograms per liter during September 1996 to 9.4 micrograms per liter during January 1997; the latter concentration exceeded the applicable water-quality standard. The proportion of trace metals that was dissolved (versus colloidal) in samples collected at Shasta and Keswick dams decreased in the order cadmium zinc &gt; copper &gt; aluminum iron lead mercury. At four sampling sites on the Sacramento River at various distances downstream of Keswick Dam (Bend Bridge, 71 kilometers; Colusa, 256 kilometers; Verona, 360 kilometers; and Freeport, 412 kilometers) concentrations of these seven metals were predominantly colloidal during both high- and low-flow conditions.</p><p>Because copper compounds are used extensively as algaecides in rice farming, agricultural drainage at the Colusa Basin Drain was sampled in June 1997 during a period shortly after copper applications to newly planted rice fields. Copper concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 micrograms per liter in filtered samples and from 12 to 13 micrograms per liter in whole-water samples (total recoverable analysis). These results are consistent with earlier work by the U.S. Geological Survey indicating that copper in rice-field drainage likely represents a detectable, but relatively minor source of copper to the Sacramento River.</p><p>Lead isotope data from suspended colloids and streambed sediments collected during October and November 1996 indicate that lead from acid mine drainage sources became a relatively minor component of the total lead at the site located 71 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam and beyond. Cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations in caddisfly larvae were elevated at several sites downstream of Keswick Dam, but concentrations of aluminum, iron, lead, and mercury were relatively low, especially in the cytosol extracts. Cadmium showed the highest degree of bioaccumulation in whole-body and cytosol analyses, relative to an unmineralized control site (Cottonwood Creek). Cadmium bioaccumulation persisted in samples collected as far as 118 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam, consistent with transport in a form more bioavailable than lead.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994286","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Taylor, H.E., and Domagalski, J.L., 2000, Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4286, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994286.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4286.jpg"},{"id":395494,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26610.htm"},{"id":1955,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994286","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45135,"text":"pp1628 - 2000 - Regional ground-water evapotranspiration and ground-water budgets, Great Basin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T21:21:03.003777","indexId":"pp1628","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1628","title":"Regional ground-water evapotranspiration and ground-water budgets, Great Basin, Nevada","docAbstract":"PART A: Ground-water evapotranspiration data from five sites in Nevada and seven sites in Owens Valley, California, were used to develop equations for estimating ground-water evapotranspiration as a function of phreatophyte plant cover or as a function of the depth to ground water. Equations are given for estimating mean daily seasonal and annual ground-water evapotranspiration. The equations that estimate ground-water evapotranspiration as a function of plant cover can be used to estimate regional-scale ground-water evapotranspiration using vegetation indices derived from satellite data for areas where the depth to ground water is poorly known. Equations that estimate ground-water evapotranspiration as a function of the depth to ground water can be used where the depth to ground water is known, but for which information on plant cover is lacking. \r\n\r\nPART B: Previous ground-water studies estimated groundwater evapotranspiration by phreatophytes and bare soil in Nevada on the basis of results of field studies published in 1912 and 1932. More recent studies of evapotranspiration by rangeland phreatophytes, using micrometeorological methods as discussed in Chapter A of this report, provide new data on which to base estimates of ground-water evapotranspiration. An approach correlating ground-water evapotranspiration with plant cover is used in conjunction with a modified soil-adjusted vegetation index derived from Landsat data to develop a method for estimating the magnitude and distribution of ground-water evapotranspiration at a regional scale. Large areas of phreatophytes near Duckwater and Lockes in Railroad Valley are believed to subsist on ground water discharged from nearby regional springs. Ground-water evapotranspiration by the Duckwater phreatophytes of about 11,500 acre-feet estimated by the method described in this report compares well with measured discharge of about 13,500 acre-feet from the springs near Duckwater. Measured discharge from springs near Lockes was about 2,400 acre-feet; estimated ground-water evapotranspiration using the proposed method was about 2,450 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nPART C:  Previous estimates of ground-water budgets in Nevada were based on methods and data that now are more than 60 years old. Newer methods, data, and technologies were used in the present study to estimate ground-water recharge from precipitation and ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration by phreatophytes for 16 contiguous valleys in eastern Nevada. Annual ground-water recharge to these valleys was estimated to be about 855,000 acre-feet and annual ground-water evapotranspiration was estimated to be about 790,000 acrefeet; both are a little more than two times greater than previous estimates. The imbalance of recharge over evapotranspiration represents recharge that either (1) leaves the area as interbasin flow or (2) is derived from precipitation that falls on terrain within the topographic boundary of the study area but contributes to discharge from hydrologic systems that lie outside these topographic limits. \r\n\r\nA vegetation index derived from Landsat-satellite data was used to estimate phreatophyte plant cover on the floors of the 16 valleys. The estimated phreatophyte plant cover then was used to estimate annual ground-water evapotranspiration. Detailed estimates of summer, winter, and annual ground-water evapotranspiration for areas with different ranges of phreatophyte plant cover were prepared for each valley. The estimated ground-water discharge from 15 valleys, combined with independent estimates of interbasin ground-water flow into or from a valley, were used to calculate the percentage of recharge derived from precipitation within the topographic boundary of each valley. These percentages then were used to estimate ground-water recharge from precipitation within each valley. \r\n\r\nGround-water budgets for all 16 valleys were based on the estimated recharge from precipitation and estimated evapotranspiration. Any imba","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1628","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 2000, Regional ground-water evapotranspiration and ground-water budgets, Great Basin, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1628, Report: 101 p.; 4 Plates: 30.00 × 60.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1628.","productDescription":"Report: 101 p.; 4 Plates: 30.00 × 60.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403440,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34830.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":336793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82270,"rank":302,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247729,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247727,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247728,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1628/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.567,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.204,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.204,\n              41.133\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.567,\n              41.133\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.567,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4792e4b07f02db48bd33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27926,"text":"wri20004095 - 2000 - Characterization of rainfall-runoff response and estimation of the effect of wetland restoration on runoff, Heron Lake Basin, southwestern Minnesota, 1991-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:18:30","indexId":"wri20004095","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4095","title":"Characterization of rainfall-runoff response and estimation of the effect of wetland restoration on runoff, Heron Lake Basin, southwestern Minnesota, 1991-97","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Heron Lake Watershed District, conducted a study to characterize the rainfall-runoff response and to examine the effects of wetland restoration on the rainfall-runoff response within the Heron Lake Basin in southwestern Minnesota. About 93 percent of the land cover in the Heron Lake Basin consists of agricultural lands, consisting almost entirely of row crops, with less than one percent consisting of wetlands. The Hydrological Simulation Program &ndash; Fortran (HSPF), Version 10, was calibrated to continuous discharge data and used to characterize rainfall-runoff responses in the Heron Lake Basin between May 1991 and August 1997. Simulation of the Heron Lake Basin was done as a two-step process: (1) simulations of five small subbasins using data from August 1995 through August 1997, and (2) simulations of the two large basins, Jack and Okabena Creek Basins, using data from May 1991 through September 1996. Simulations of the five small subbasins was done to determine basin parameters for the land segments and assess rainfall-runoff response variability in the basin. Simulations of the two larger basins were done to verify the basin parameters and assess rainfall-runoff responses over a larger area and for a longer time period. Best-fit calibrations of the five subbasin simulations indicate that the rainfall-runoff response is uniform throughout the Heron Lake Basin, and 48 percent of the total rainfall for storms becomes direct (surface and interflow) runoff. Rainfall-runoff response variations result from variations in the distribution, intensity, timing, and duration of rainfall; soil moisture; evapotranspiration rates; and the presence of lakes in the basin. In the spring, the amount and distribution of rainfall tends to govern the runoff response. High evapotranspiration rates in the summer result in a depletion of moisture from the soils, substantially affecting the rainfall-runoff relation. Five wetland restoration simulations were run for each of five subbasins using data from August 1995 through August 1997, and for the two larger basins, Jack and Okabena Creek Basins, using data from May 1991 through September 1996. Results from linear regression analysis of total simulated direct runoff and total rainfall data for simulated storms in the wetland-restoration simulations indicate that the portion of total rainfall that becomes runoff will be reduced by 46 percent if 45 percent of current cropland is converted to wetland. The addition of wetlands reduced peak runoff in most of the simulations, but the reduction varied with antecedent soil moisture, the magnitude of the peak flow, and the presence of current wetlands and lakes. Reductions in the simulated total and peak runoff from the Jack Creek Basin for most of the simulated storms were greatest when additional wetlands were simulated in the North Branch Jack Creek or the Upper Jack Creek Subbasins. In the Okabena Creek Basin, reductions in simulated peak runoff for most of the storms were greatest when additional wetlands were simulated in the Lower Okabena Creek Subbasin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Heron Lake Watershed District","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., and Winterstein, T.A., 2000, Characterization of rainfall-runoff response and estimation of the effect of wetland restoration on runoff, Heron Lake Basin, southwestern Minnesota, 1991-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4095, vii, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004095.","productDescription":"vii, 160 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-05-01","temporalEnd":"1997-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":28094,"text":"wri20004025 - 2000 - Water-quantity and water-quality aspects of a 500-year flood - Nishnabotna River, southwest Iowa, June 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:31:15","indexId":"wri20004025","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4025","title":"Water-quantity and water-quality aspects of a 500-year flood - Nishnabotna River, southwest Iowa, June 1998","docAbstract":"<p>Flooding that occurred in southwest Iowa during June 15&ndash;17, 1998, was the worst flood ever recorded on the Nishnabotna River, exceeding the theoretical 500-year flood calculated from peak-flow records (1922 to present). This flood was a direct consequence of severe thunderstorm activity that caused more than 4 inches of rain to fall over a large part of the Nishnabotna River Basin. In fact, a new official State record for 24-hour total rainfall (13.18 inches) was set by this storm. The peak streamflow of the Nishnabotna River near Hamburg, Iowa, was 65,100 cubic feet per second, about 20 percent more than any previous recorded peak streamflow at this site.</p>\n<p>To determine the concentrations of selected contaminants that might be present in this record flooding, water-quality samples were collected within hours of the flood peak. The results from these samples documented the presence of numerous herbicide compounds (11 parent compounds and 12 herbicide degradates). The highest herbicide concentration was 5.06 micrograms per liter (&micro;g/L) for atrazine, followed by metolachlor (1.16 &micro;g/L), metolachlor ESA (1.04 &micro;g/L), acetochlor OA (0.99 &micro;g/L), and acetochlor ESA (0.95 &micro;g/L). The total herbicide concentration (summation of the 23 herbicide compounds detected) was 15.6 &micro;g/L. The timing of the severe thunderstorm activity and flooding, which occurred shortly after chemical application associated with planting of crops, was the principal reason for the large number and concentrations of herbicide compounds found in the flood water.</p>\n<p>At the time the water-quality samples were collected, the Nishnabotna River was transporting about 6,000 pounds of suspended sediment, 18 pounds of nitrogen, 3 pounds of phosphorus, and 0.02 pound of atrazine each second. These loads were about 10 to 150 times greater than those during a previous runoff event, and about 260 to 4,600 times greater than those during a previous base-flow condition.</p>\n<p>This sampling demonstrates the importance of collecting both water-quantity and water-quality data during flood events to estimate contaminant loads. Potential environmental effects of a flood can only be understood when both components are measured.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20004025","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Fischer, E.E., and Schnoebelen, D.J., 2000, Water-quantity and water-quality aspects of a 500-year flood - Nishnabotna River, southwest Iowa, June 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4025, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004025.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-06-15","temporalEnd":"1998-06-17","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_00-4025.pdf","size":"157","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.77880859375,\n              40.826280356677124\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.73486328124999,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.6634521484375,\n              40.526326510744006\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.54809570312499,\n              40.526326510744006\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              40.97160353279909\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0592041015625,\n              41.091772220976615\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.97131347656249,\n              41.265420628926684\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89990234375,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.58129882812499,\n              41.545589036668105\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.47143554687499,\n              41.7508241355329\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.427490234375,\n              41.94314874732696\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5318603515625,\n              42.14304156290939\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89990234375,\n              42.44778143462245\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.19653320312499,\n              42.60970621339408\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.614013671875,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.69091796875,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.78979492187499,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.767822265625,\n              41.28606238749825\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.77880859375,\n              40.826280356677124\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5eda38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Edward E. edf@usgs.gov","contributorId":1063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Edward","email":"edf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28209,"text":"wri004148 - 2000 - Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T17:28:32","indexId":"wri004148","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4148","title":"Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>A three-phase study of the Medina Lake area in Texas was done to assess the hydrogeology and hydrology of Medina and Diversion Lakes combined (the lake system) and to determine what fraction of seepage losses from the lake system might enter the regional ground-water-flow system of the Edwards and (or) Trinity aquifers. Phase 1 consisted of revising the geologic framework for the Medina Lake area. Results of field mapping show that the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone underlies Medina Lake and the intervening stream channel from the outflow of Medina Lake to the midpoint of Diversion Lake, where the Diversion Lake fault intersects Diversion Lake. A thin sequence of strata consisting primarily of the basal nodular and dolomitic members of the Kainer Formation of the Edwards Group, is present in the southern part of the study area. On the southern side of Medina Lake, the contact between the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone and the basal nodular member is approximately 1,000 feet above mean sea level, and the contact between the basal nodular member and the dolomitic member is approximately 1,050 feet above mean sea level. The most porous and permeable part of the basal nodular member is about 1,045 feet above mean sea level. At these altitudes, Medina Lake is in hydrologic connection with rocks in the Edwards aquifer recharge zone, and Medina Lake appears to lose more water to the ground-water system along this bedding plane contact. </p><p>Hydrologic budgets calculated during phase 2 for Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined indicate that: (1) losses from Medina and Diversion Lakes can be quantified; (2) a portion of those losses are entering the Edwards aquifer; and (3) losses to the Trinity aquifer in the Medina Lake area are minimal and within the error of the hydrologic budgets. </p><p>Hydrologic budgets based on streamflow, precipitation, evaporation, and change in lake storage were used to quantify losses (recharge) to the ground-water system from Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined during October 1995–September 1996. Water losses from Medina Lake to the Edwards/Trinity aquifers ranged from -14.0 to 135 acre-feet per day; Diversion Lake ranged from -1.2 to 93.1 acre-feet per day; and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined ranged from 36.1 to 119 acre-feet per day.</p><p>Monthly average recharge during December 1995–July 1996 was estimated using an alternative method developed during this study (current study method) and compared to monthly average recharge during December 1995–July 1996 estimated using the existing USGS method and the Trans-Texas method. Recharge to the Edwards aquifer estimated using the current study method was about 69 and 73 percent of the recharge estimated using the USGS and Trans-Texas methods, respectively. The USGS and Trans-Texas methods overestimated recharge from Medina Lake compared to the recharge estimated with the current study method when Medina Lake stage was between about 1,027 and 1,032 feet above mean sea level and underestimated recharge from Medina Lake when lake stage was between about 1,036 and 1,045 feet above mean sea level. The USGS and Trans-Texas methods underestimated recharge from Diversion Lake compared to the&nbsp;recharge estimated with the current study method when Diversion Lake stage was greater than 913 feet above mean sea level and overestimated recharge from Diversion Lake when lake stage was less than 913 feet above mean sea level.</p><p>The water quality of Medina Lake and Medina River and in selected wells and springs in the Edwards and Trinity aquifers was characterized during phase 3 of the study. Environmental isotope analyses and geochemical modeling also were used to determine where water losses from the lake system might be entering the ground-water-flow system. Isotopic ratios of deuterium, oxygen, and strontium were analyzed in selected surface-water, lake-water, and ground-water samples to trace the isotopic “signature” of the lake water as it mixes with the ground water and to determine the fraction of lake water and ground water in selected Edwards aquifer wells. Isotopic data and geochemical modeling were used to show that lake water is moving into the Edwards aquifer in two fault blocks in the eastern Medina storage unit. One fault block is bounded on the north by the Vandenburg School fault and on the south by the Haby Crossing fault, and the second fault block is bounded on the north by the Diversion Lake fault and on the south by the Haby Crossing fault. In selected Edwards aquifer wells located southwest of Medina Lake and west of Diversion Lake, the proportion of lake water ranged from about 10 to 45 percent. Geochemical modeling using NETPATH confirms the degree of mixing between lake water and aquifer water shown by the isotopes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004148","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bexar-Medina-Atascosa Counties Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, Bexar Metropolitan Water District, Texas Water Development Board, and Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Lambert, R.B., Grimm, K.C., and Lee, R.W., 2000, Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4148, Report: v, 54 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 25.00 inches and 25.00 x 25.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004148.","productDescription":"Report: v, 54 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 25.00 inches and 25.00 x 25.50 inches","numberOfPages":"190","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004148.PNG"},{"id":328031,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/wri00-4148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":328032,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/00-4148_pl1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":328033,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/00-4148_pl2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":2328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Medina Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.84536743164061,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.84536743164061,\n              29.7375511168952\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.7375511168952\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimm, Kenneth C.","contributorId":29483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimm","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28254,"text":"wri20004064 - 2000 - Regional equations for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff for natural basins in Texas, base period 1961-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T09:40:58","indexId":"wri20004064","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4064","title":"Regional equations for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff for natural basins in Texas, base period 1961-90","docAbstract":"<p>Regional equations were developed for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff for natural basins in Texas. The equations, which are based on the statistical relation between streamflow and basin characteristics, use streamflow data and basin characteristics from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations within natural basins and with a least 8 years of data during 1961-90. The State was divided into 11 hydrologic regions on the basis of previous studies. The final equations for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff were developed from 228 streamflow-gaging stations. Contributing drainage area and mean annual or mean seasonal precipitation were determined to be the most significant basin characteristics in each region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20004064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Lanning-Rush, J., 2000, Regional equations for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff for natural basins in Texas, base period 1961-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4064, Report: iv, 27 p.; Plate: 24.00 x 26.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004064.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; Plate: 24.00 x 26.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1961-01-01","temporalEnd":"1990-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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,{"id":29596,"text":"wri004115 - 2000 - Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri004115","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4115","title":"Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","docAbstract":"The Fox Chain of Lakes is a glacial lake system in McHenry and Lake Counties in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Sedimentation and nutrient overloading have occurred in the lake system since the first dam was built (1907) in McHenry to raise water levels in the lake system. Using data collected from December 1, 1997, to June 1, 1999, suspended-sediment budgets were constructed for the most upstream lake in the system, Grass Lake, and for the lakes downstream from Grass Lake. A total of 64,900 tons of suspended sediment entered Grass Lake during the study, whereas a total of 70,600 tons of suspended sediment exited the lake, indicating a net scour of 5,700 tons of sediment. A total of 44,100 tons of suspended sediment was measured exiting the Fox Chain of Lakes at Johnsburg, whereas 85,600 tons entered the system downstream from Grass Lake. These suspended-sediment loads indicate a net deposition of 41,500 tons downstream from Grass Lake, which represents a trapping efficiency of 48.5 percent. A large amount of recreational boating takes place on the Fox Chain of Lakes during summer months, and suspended-sediment load was observed to rise from 110 tons per day to 339 tons per day during the 1999 Memorial Day weekend (May 26 ?31, 1999). Presumably, this rise was the result of the boating traffic because no other hydrologic event is known to have occurred that might have caused the rise. This study covers a relatively short period and may not represent the long-term processes of the Fox Chain of Lakes system, although the sediment transport was probably higher than an average year. The bed sediments found on the bottom of the lakes are composed of mainly fine particles in the silt-clay range. The Grass Lake sediments were characterized as black peat with an organic content of between 9 and 18 percent, and the median particle size ranged from 0.000811 to 0.0013976 inches. Other bed material samples were collected at streamflow-gaging stations on the tributaries to the Fox Chain of Lakes. With the exception of Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods, most of the bed sediments are sand size or larger. The bed material at the streamflow-gaging station at Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods contains 31.5 percent silt- and clay-sized particles. The bed material at Nippersink Creek near Spring Grove also has higher silt content (10.7 percent) than the bed material found in the Fox River at Wilmot (2.1 percent) and Johnsburg (1.3 percent). Additionally, water velocities at 80 cross sections in the Fox Chain of Lakes were collected to provide sample circulation patterns during two separate 1-week periods, and discharge was measured at 18 locations in the lakes. These data were collected to be available for use in hydrodynamic models.  ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004115","usgsCitation":"Schrader, D.L., and Holmes, R.R., 2000, Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4115, iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet)., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004115.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=00-4115","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"6000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, David L.","contributorId":45748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29044,"text":"wri004069 - 2000 - Flood hydrology for Dry Creek, Lake County, northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri004069","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4069","title":"Flood hydrology for Dry Creek, Lake County, northwestern Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri004069","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Jarrett, R.D., 2000, Flood hydrology for Dry Creek, Lake County, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4069, 12 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004069.","productDescription":"12 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95742,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4069/report.pdf","size":"4244","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef12a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28562,"text":"wri004074 - 2000 - Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T05:21:37","indexId":"wri004074","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4074","title":"Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year","docAbstract":"<p>The 1995 measured winter snow, maximum winter snow, net, and annual balances in the Gulkana Glacier basin were evaluated on the basis of meteorological, hydrological, and glaciological data obtained in the basin. Averaged over the glacier, the measured winter snow balance was 0.94 meter on April 19, 1995, 0.6 standard deviation below the long-term average; the maximum winter snow balance, 0.94 meter, was reached on April 25, 1995; the net balance (from September 18, 1994 to August 29, 1995) was -0.70 meter, 0.76 standard deviation below the long-term average. The annual balance (October 1, 1994, to September 30, 1995) was -0.86 meter. Ice-surface motion and altitude changes measured at three index sites document seasonal ice speed and glacier-thickness changes. Annual stream runoff was 2.05 meters averaged over the basin, approximately equal to the long-term average. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>The 1976 ice-thickness data are reported from a single site near the highest measurement site (180 meters thick) and from two glacier cross profiles near the mid-glacier (270 meters thick on centerline) and low glacier (150 meters thick on centerline) measurement sites.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A new area-altitude distribution determined from 1993 photogrammetry is reported. Area-averaged balances are reported from both the 1967 and 1993 area-altitude distribution so the reader may directly see the effect of the update. Briefly, loss of ablation area between 1967 and 1993 results in a larger weighting being applied to data from the upper glacier site and hence, increases calculated area-averaged balances. The balance increase is of the order of 15 percent for net balance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","doi":"10.3133/wri004074","usgsCitation":"March, R.S., 2000, Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4074, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004074.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4074/report.pdf"},{"id":290202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulkana Glacier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -145.677508,63.188196 ], [ -145.677508,63.348803 ], [ -145.16527,63.348803 ], [ -145.16527,63.188196 ], [ -145.677508,63.188196 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, Rod S. rsmarch@usgs.gov","contributorId":416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"Rod","email":"rsmarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28508,"text":"wri004108 - 2000 - Field tests of polyethylene-membrane diffusion samplers for characterizing volatile organic compounds in stream-bottom sediments, Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site, Ashland, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri004108","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4108","title":"Field tests of polyethylene-membrane diffusion samplers for characterizing volatile organic compounds in stream-bottom sediments, Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site, Ashland, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A plume of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water extends from the Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site in Ashland, Massachusetts, northward toward a mill pond on the Sudbury River and eastward toward the Sudbury River and former mill raceway downstream from the mill pond. Polyethylene-membrane water-to-vapor (vapor) and water-to-water (water) diffusion samplers were installed January 1999 in bottom sediments along the Sudbury River and former mill raceway in a pilot study to determine if vapor samplers would be useful in this setting for delineating a plume of contaminants in ground water near the river and raceway, to evaluate equilibration time for vapor-diffusion samplers, and to determine if diffusion samplers might be an alternative to seepage meters (inverted steel drums) and sediment sampling for evaluating concentrations of VOCs in bottom sediments.\r\n\r\n\r\nOf five tested compounds (benzene, trichloroethene, toluene, tetrachloroethene, and chlorobenzene), chlorobenzene and trichloroethene were most frequently detected in vapor from vapor-diffusion samplers. The distribution of VOCs was generally consistent with a previously mapped plume of contaminants in ground water. The field evaluation of equilibration times for vapor-diffusion samplers was inconclusive because of changing hydrologic conditions that may have affected concentrations of VOCs, possible variations in concentrations ofVOCs over short distances, and imprecise sampling and analytical methods. The limited data, however, indicated that equilibration may require 3 weeks or more in some settings.\r\n\r\n\r\nVOCs detected in samples from water-diffusion samplers and their concentrations were comparable to results from seepage meters, and VOCs detected in vapor-diffusion samplers correlated with VOCs detected in water-diffusion samplers. These results indicate that either vapor-or water-diffusion samplers would serve as an economical alternative to seepage meters for sampling of VOCs in pore water from stream-bottom sediments. Results from diffusion samplers correlated poorly with results from sediment samples, partly because of high quantitation limits for chemical analyses of sediments. In general, results from the diffusion samplers better represented the distribution of VOCs than the results from the sediment samples. This pilot study indicates that diffusion samplers are an economical means of identifying 'hotspots' for contaminants in bottom sediments and can provide insights on transport pathways for contaminants near surface-water bodies. After establishing equilibration times for a particular site, diffusion samplers also may be useful for studying variations in concentrations of VOCs over short distances, variations with time and changing hydrologic conditions, and processes such as chemical transformations by biodegradation and exchanges between surface water and ground water in the hyporheic zone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004108","usgsCitation":"Lyford, F.P., Willey, R.E., and Clifford, S., 2000, Field tests of polyethylene-membrane diffusion samplers for characterizing volatile organic compounds in stream-bottom sediments, Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site, Ashland, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4108, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004108.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2330,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":30972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford, Scott","contributorId":63042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28486,"text":"wri004022 - 2000 - Development of a contour map showing generalized skew coefficients of annual peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in New York, excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T15:18:44.883924","indexId":"wri004022","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4022","title":"Development of a contour map showing generalized skew coefficients of annual peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in New York, excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"<p>Flood-frequency relations that are developed by fitting the logarithms of annual peak discharges to a Pearson Type-III distribution are sensitive to skew coefficients. Estimates of population skew for a site are improved when computed from the weighted average of (1) the sample (station) skew, and (2) an unbiased, generalized skew estimate. A weighting technique based on the number of years of record at each of 226 sites was used to develop a contour map of unbiased, generalized skew coefficients for New York. An attempt was made to group (regionalize) the station skew coefficients into five hydrologically similar areas of New York, but the statewide version proved to be as accurate as the regionalized version and therefore was adopted as the final generalized skew-coefficient map for New York. An error analysis showed the statewide contour map to have lower MSE?s (mean square errors) than those computed from (1) the five regional skewcoefficient contour maps, (2) a previously used (1982) nationwide skew coefficient map, and (3) the weighted mean of skew coefficients for sites within each of five hydrologically uniform, but distinct areas of New York.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., and Baevsky, Y.H., 2000, Development of a contour map showing generalized skew coefficients of annual peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in New York, excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4022, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004022.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4022/wri20004022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4022"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.99566650390625,\n              40.72852712420599\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.817138671875,\n              40.81796653313175\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.62762451171875,\n              41.006848111213586\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.707275390625,\n              41.104190944576466\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.48480224609375,\n              41.21585377825921\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.54248046875,\n              41.304634388885916\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.4820556640625,\n              42.049292638686836\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.509521484375,\n              42.08191667830631\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.27606201171875,\n              42.742978093466434\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.27606201171875,\n              42.837709559849614\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.25958251953125,\n              43.54854811091286\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29254150390625,\n              43.59630591596548\n            ],\n            [\n          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-73.2952880859375,\n              44.471031231561845\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.3721923828125,\n              44.64716230650056\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.34197998046875,\n              44.80522439622254\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.38317871093749,\n              44.86949623772188\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.3392333984375,\n              44.966741217055315\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.3447265625,\n              45.01530198999212\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8114013671875,\n              45.01918507438176\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.322265625,\n              44.83834308566653\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57769775390625,\n              44.65888542068506\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37695312499999,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.783447265625,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              43.42100882994726\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.046630859375,\n              43.08493742707592\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.826904296875,\n              42.867912483915305\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.793701171875,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.73876953125,\n              41.97582726102573\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.443115234375,\n              41.97582726102573\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.047607421875,\n              41.73033005046653\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.99267578125,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.619140625,\n              41.335575973123916\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1796875,\n              41.1290213474951\n            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rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baevsky, Yvonne H. 0000-0002-9282-3543","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-3543","contributorId":29025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baevsky","given":"Yvonne","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26579,"text":"wri004084 - 2000 - Design, revision, and application of ground-water flow models for simulation of selected water-management scenarios in the coastal area of Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:00:29","indexId":"wri004084","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4084","title":"Design, revision, and application of ground-water flow models for simulation of selected water-management scenarios in the coastal area of Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow models of the Floridan aquifer system in the coastal area of Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida, were revised and updated to ensure consistency among the various models used, and to facilitate evaluation of the effects of pumping on the ground-water level near areas of saltwater contamination. The revised models, developed as part of regional and areal assessments of ground-water resources in coastal Georgia, are--the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) model, the Glynn County area (Glynn) model, and the Savannah area (Savannah) model. Changes were made to hydraulic-property arrays of the RASA and Glynn models to ensure consistency among all of the models; results of theses changes are evidenced in revised water budgets and calibration statistics. \r\n\r\nFollowing revision, the three models were used to simulate 32 scenarios of hypothetical changes in pumpage that ranged from about 82 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) lower to about 438 Mgal/d higher, than the May 1985 pumping rate of 308 Mgal/d. The scenarios were developed by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division and the Chatham County-Savannah Metropolitan Planning Commission to evaluate water-management alternatives in coastal Georgia. Maps showing simulated ground-water-level decline and diagrams presenting changes in simulated flow rates are presented for each scenario. \r\n\r\nScenarios were grouped on the basis of pumping location--entire 24-county area, central subarea, Glynn-Wayne-Camden County subarea, and Savannah-Hilton Head Island subarea. For those scenarios that simulated decreased pumpage, the water level at both Brunswick and Hilton Head Island rose, decreasing the hydraulic gradient and reducing the potential for saltwater contamination. Conversely, in response to scenarios of increased pumpage, the water level at both locations declined, increasing the hydraulic gradient and increasing the potential for saltwater contamination. Pumpage effects on ground-water levels and related saltwater contamination at Brunswick and Hilton Head Island generally diminish with increased distance from these areas. \r\n\r\nAdditional development of the Upper Floridan aquifer may be possible in parts of the coastal area without affecting saltwater contamination at Brunswick or Hilton Head Island, due to the presence of two hydrologic boundaries--the Gulf Trough, separating the northern and central subareas; and the hypothesized  Satilla Line,  separating the central and southern subareas. These boundaries diminish pumpage effects across them; and may enable greater ground-water withdrawal in areas north of the Gulf Trough and south of the  Satilla Line  without producing appreciable drawdown at Brunswick or Hilton Head Island.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004084","usgsCitation":"Clarke, J.S., and Krause, R.E., 2000, Design, revision, and application of ground-water flow models for simulation of selected water-management scenarios in the coastal area of Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4084, vii, 93 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004084.","productDescription":"vii, 93 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,30 ], [ -83,33 ], [ -80,33 ], [ -80,30 ], [ -83,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667db7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krause, Richard E.","contributorId":40185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26552,"text":"wri004161 - 2000 - Methodology for applying monitored natural attenuation to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground-water systems with examples from South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:40:36","indexId":"wri004161","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4161","title":"Methodology for applying monitored natural attenuation to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground-water systems with examples from South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Natural attenuation processes such as dispersion, advection, and biogradation serve to decrease concentrations of disssolved contaminants as they are transported in all ground-water systems. &nbsp;However, the efficiency of these natural attenuation processes and the degree to which they help attain remediation goals, varies considerably from site to site. &nbsp;This report provides a methodology for quantifying various natural attenuation mechanisms. &nbsp;This methodology incorporates information on (1) concentrations of contaminants in space and/or time; (2) ambient reduction/oxidation (redox) conditions; (3) rates and directions of ground-water flow; (4) rates of contaminant biodegradation; and (5) demographic considerations, such as the presence of nearby receptor exposure points or property boundaries. &nbsp;This document outlines the hydrologic, geochemical, and biologic data needed to assess the efficiency of natural attenuation, provides a screening tool for making preliminary assessments, and provides examples of how to determine when natural attenuation can be a useful component of site remediation at leaking underground storage tank sites.</p>\n<p>At a site in the Piedmont Physiographic Province (Laurens, South Carolina), hydrologic and water-chemistry data indicate that the natural attenuation capacity for benzene is approximately 5 percent per foot of flowpath. &nbsp;As a result, benzene concentrations would decrease from about 28,000 micrograms per liter in ground water at the source area to less than 5 micrograms per liter 200 feet downgradient and prior to discharging to a stream. &nbsp;Because of this rapid attenuation, contaminants do not presently impact the stream downgradient of the site. &nbsp;In contrast, at a site in the coastal Plain Physiographic Province (Charleston, South Carolina), hydrologic and water-chemistry data indicate that, even thought the site has a substantial natural attenuation capacity, it may not be sufficient to fully protect a nearby point of ground-water discharge.</p>\n<p>These two sites illustrate how the efficiency of natural attenuation processes acting on petroleum hydrocarbons can be systematically evaluated using hydrologic, geochemical, and microbiologic methods. &nbsp;These methods, in turn, can be used to assess the role that the natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons can play in achieving overall site remediation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Robertson, J.F., Landmeyer, J., and Bradley, P.M., 2000, Methodology for applying monitored natural attenuation to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground-water systems with examples from South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4161, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004161.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004161.JPG"},{"id":313237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4161/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston, Laurens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.08621215820312,\n              32.66134422267952\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.08621215820312,\n              32.87612718124057\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69894409179688,\n              32.87612718124057\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69894409179688,\n              32.66134422267952\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.08621215820312,\n              32.66134422267952\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.1392822265625,\n              34.418239163003484\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1392822265625,\n              34.58460567894334\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.90444946289061,\n              34.58460567894334\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.90444946289061,\n              34.418239163003484\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1392822265625,\n              34.418239163003484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Frank H.","contributorId":53424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, John F.","contributorId":65503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27051,"text":"wri004014 - 2000 - Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri004014","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4014","title":"Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Periodic and continual water-level data from 1963 to 1998 were compiled and quality assured for 65 observation wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada. As part of the quality assurance of all water levels, ancillary data pertinent to computing hydraulic heads in wells were compiled and analyzed. Quality-assured water levels that were not necessarily in error but which did not represent static heads in the regional aquifer system, or required some other qualification, were flagged. Water levels flagged include those recovering from recent pumping or well construction, water levels affected by nuclear tests, and measurements affected by borehole deviations.\r\n\r\nA cursory examination of about 30 wells with available water-level and down-hole temperature data indicate that water levels in most wells on Pahute Mesa would not be significantly affected by temperature if corrected to 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Wells with large corrections (greater than 10 feet) are those with long water columns (greater than 1,500 feet of water above the assumed point of inflow) in combination with mean water-column temperatures exceeding 105 degrees Fahrenheit.\r\n\r\nWater-level fluctuations in wells on Pahute Mesa are caused by several factors including infiltration of precipitation, barometric pressure, Earth tides, ground-water pumpage, and seismic events caused by tectonic activity and underground nuclear testing. No observed water-level fluctuations were attributed to a naturally occurring earthquake. The magnitude and duration of changes in water levels caused by nuclear tests are affected by the test size and the distance from a well to the test. Identifying water levels that might be affected by past nuclear tests is difficult because pre-testing water-level data are sparse.\r\n\r\nHydrologically significant trends were found in 13 of 25 wells with multiple years of water-level record. The largest change in water levels (1,029 feet in 25 years) occurred in well U-19v PS 1D as a result of the Almendro nuclear test. Likely explanations for trends in most of the wells are either changes in precipitation patterns that affect recharge rates to the ground-water system, pumping effects from water-supply well U-20 WW, or a combination of these two factors.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004014","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., 2000, Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4014, iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004014.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2196,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4014","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65526e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30194,"text":"wri004067 - 2000 - Geothermal hydrology of Valles Caldera and the southwestern Jemez Mountains, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri004067","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4067","title":"Geothermal hydrology of Valles Caldera and the southwestern Jemez Mountains, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Jemez Mountains in north-central New Mexico are volcanic in \r\norigin and have a large central caldera known as Valles Caldera. \r\nThe mountains contain the Valles geothermal system, which was \r\ninvestigated during 1970-82 as a source of geothermal energy. This \r\nreport describes the geothermal hydrology of the Jemez Mountains \r\nand presents results of an earlier 1972-75 U.S. Geological Survey \r\nstudy of the area in light of more recent information. Several \r\ndistinct types of thermal and nonthermal ground water are \r\nrecognized in the Jemez Mountains. Two types of near-surface thermal \r\nwater are in the caldera: thermal meteoric water and acid sulfate \r\nwater. The principal reservoir of geothermal fluids is at depth \r\nunder the central and western parts of the caldera. Nonthermal \r\nground water in Valles Caldera occurs in diverse perched aquifers \r\nand deeper valley-fill aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe geothermal reservoir is recharged by meteorically derived \r\nwater that moves downward from the aquifers in the caldera fill to \r\ndepths of 6,500 feet or more and at temperatures reaching about 330 \r\ndegrees Celsius. The heated geothermal water rises \r\nconvectively to depths of 2,000 feet or less and mixes with other \r\nground water as it flows away from the geothermal reservoir. A vapor \r\nzone containing steam, carbon dioxide, and other gases exists \r\nabove parts of the liquid-dominated geothermal zone.\r\n\r\nTwo subsystems are generally recognized within the larger \r\ngeothermal system: the Redondo Creek subsystem and the Sulphur \r\nCreek subsystem. The permeability in the Redondo Creek subsystem is \r\ncontrolled by stratigraphy and fault-related structures. Most of \r\nthe permeability is in the high-angle, normal faults and \r\nassociated fractures that form the Redondo Creek Graben. Faults and \r\nrelated fractures control the flow of thermal fluids in the \r\nsubsystem, which is bounded by high-angle faults. The Redondo \r\nCreek subsystem has been more extensively studied than other \r\nparts of the system. The Sulphur Springs subsystem is not as well \r\ndefined. The upper vapor-dominated zone in the Sulphur Creek \r\nsubsystem is separated from the liquid-dominated zone by about 800 \r\nfeet of sealed caldera-fill rock. Acid springs occur at the top of \r\nthe vapor zone in the Sulphur Springs area. Some more highly \r\npermeable zones within the geothermal reservoir are \r\ninterconnected, but the lack of interference effects among some \r\nwells during production tests suggests effective hydraulic \r\nseparation along some subsystem boundaries. Chemical and thermal \r\nevidence suggests that the Sulphur Springs subsystem may be isolated \r\nfrom the Redondo Creek subsystem and each may have its own zone of \r\nupflow and lateral outflow.\r\n\r\nThe area of the entire geothermal reservoir is estimated \r\nto be about 12 to 15 square miles; its western limit generally is \r\nthought to be at the ring-fracture zone of the caldera. The top of the \r\nreservoir is generally considered to be the bottom of a small-\r\npermeability 'caprock' that is about 2,000 to 3,000 feet below \r\nland surface. Estimated thicknesses to the bottom of the \r\nreservoir range from 2,000 to 6,000 feet. Reservoir temperatures \r\nmeasured in exploration wells range from 225 degrees Celsius \r\njust below the caprock to about 330 degrees Celsius in deeper \r\ndrill holes. Pressures measured in exploration wells in the Redondo \r\nCreek area ranged from 450 to 1,850 pounds per square inch. \r\nSteam-producing zones have been encountered above the liquid-\r\ndominated zones in wells, but the extent of steam zones is not well \r\ndefined.\r\n\r\nThe reservoir contains a near-neutral, chloride-type water \r\ncontaining about 7,000 milligrams per liter dissolved solids. No \r\nthermal springs in the caldera have geochemical characteristics \r\nsimilar to those of the geothermal reservoir fluids sampled in wells.\r\n\r\nOxygen-18 and deuterium isotope concentrations of \r\ngeothermal reservoir fluid indicate a meteoric origin. The \r\nmoat valleys in","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004067","usgsCitation":"Trainer, F.W., Rogers, R., and Sorey, M., 2000, Geothermal hydrology of Valles Caldera and the southwestern Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4067, viii, 115 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004067.","productDescription":"viii, 115 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95832,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4067/report.pdf","size":"12417","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trainer, Frank W.","contributorId":103655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainer","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Robert J.","contributorId":100032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30268,"text":"wri994190 - 2000 - Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of floods in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri994190","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4190","title":"Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of floods in Colorado","docAbstract":"Regionalized flood-frequency relations need to be updated on a regular basis (about every 10 years). The latest study on regionalized flood-frequency equations for Colorado used data collected through water year 1981. A study was begun in 1994 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation and the Bureau of Land Management, to include streamflow data collected since water year 1981 in the regionalized flood-frequency relations for Colorado. Longer periods of streamflow data and improved statistical analysis methods were used to define regression relations for estimating peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years for unregulated streams in Colorado. The regression relations can be applied to sites of interest on gaged and ungaged streams. Ordinary least-squares regression was used to determine the best explanatory basin or climatic characteristic variables for each peak-discharge characteristic, and generalized least-squares regression was used to determine the best regression relation. Drainage-basin area, mean annual precipitation, and mean basin slope were determined to be statistically significant explanatory variables in the regression relations. Separate regression relations were developed for each of five distinct hydrologic regions in the State. The mean standard errors of estimate and average standard error of prediction associated with the regression relations generally ranged from 40 to 80 percent, except for one hydrologic region where the errors ranged from about 200 to 300 percent. Methods are presented for determining the magnitude of peak discharges for sites located at gaging stations, for sites located near gaging stations on the same stream when the ratio of drainage-basin areas is between about 0.5 and 1.5, and for sites where the drainage basin crosses a flood-region boundary or a State boundary. Methods are presented for determining the magnitude of peak discharges for sites located at gaging stations, for sites located near gaging stations on the same stream when the ratio of drainage-basin areas is between about 0.5 and 1.5, and for sites where the drainage basin crosses a flood-region boundary or a State boundary.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994190","usgsCitation":"Vaill, J.E., 2000, Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of floods in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4190, iii, 35 p., (1 folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994190.","productDescription":"iii, 35 p., (1 folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2443,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri99-4190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e16b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaill, J. E.","contributorId":86362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30358,"text":"wri994273 - 2000 - Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, and implications for remediation — Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992–96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:04:33.104251","indexId":"wri994273","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4273","title":"Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, and implications for remediation — Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992–96","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994273","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., Rossi, F.J., Gerner, L.J., Evans, J., Yager, T., Ranville, J., and Smith, K., 2000, Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, and implications for remediation — Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992–96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4273, iv, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994273.","productDescription":"iv, 100 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394479,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25716.htm"},{"id":159727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":265399,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4273/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.333,\n              39.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.317,\n              39.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.317,\n              39.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.333,\n              39.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.333,\n              39.125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rossi, F. J.","contributorId":57113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerner, L. J.","contributorId":72008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, J. B.","contributorId":77182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yager, T. J.","contributorId":33359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":25430,"text":"wri004017 - 2000 - Delineation of discharge areas of two contaminant plumes by use of diffusion samplers, Johns Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:50:34","indexId":"wri004017","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4017","title":"Delineation of discharge areas of two contaminant plumes by use of diffusion samplers, Johns Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1998","docAbstract":"Diffusion samplers were installed in the bottom of Johns Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to confirm that volatile organic compounds from the Storm Drain-5 (SD-5) plume emanating from the Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR) were discharging into the pond. An array of 134 vapor-diffusion samplers was buried by divers about 0.5 feet below the pond bottom in the presumed discharge  area of the SD-5 plume and left in place for about 2 weeks to equilibrate.\r\n\r\nTwo areas of high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified. Samples from the first area contained trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene with concentrations in vapor as high as 890 and 667 parts per billion by volume, respectively. This discharge area is about 1,000 feet wide, extends from 100 to 350 feet offshore, and is interpreted to be the discharge area of the SD-5 plume. Samples from the second area were located closer to shore than the discharge area of the SD-5 plume and contained unexpectedly high vapor concentrations of TCE (more than 40,000 parts per billion by volume). Ground-water samples collected with a drive-point sampler near the second area had aqueous TCE concentrations as high as 1,100 micrograms per liter. Subsequently, a more closely spaced array of 110 vapor-diffusion samplers was installed to map the area of elevated TCE concentrations . The discharge area detected with the samplers is about 75 feet wide and extends from about 25 to 200 feet offshore . TCE vapor concentrations in this area were as high as 42,800 parts per billion by volume.\r\n\r\nTCE concentrations in micrograms per liter in water-diffusion samples from 15 selected sites in the two discharge areas were about 35 times lower than the TCE concentrations in parts per billion by volume in corresponding vapor-diffusion samples. The difference in values is due to the volatile nature of TCE and the different units of measure. TCE was detected in diffusion samplers set in the pond water column above the plume discharge areas, but the TCE concentrations were 20 to 30 times lower than the corresponding levels in diffusion samplers buried in the pond bottom.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004017","usgsCitation":"Savoie, J., LeBlanc, D., Blackwood, D., McCobb, T., Rendigs, R., and Clifford, S., 2000, Delineation of discharge areas of two contaminant plumes by use of diffusion samplers, Johns Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4017, iv, 30 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004017.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1818,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.72448730468749,\n              41.51269075845857\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              41.51269075845857\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              42.07783959017503\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.72448730468749,\n              42.07783959017503\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.72448730468749,\n              41.51269075845857\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savoie, Jennifer G.","contributorId":52218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoie","given":"Jennifer G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCobb, T.D. 0000-0003-1533-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":97944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clifford, Scott","contributorId":63042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":26090,"text":"wri004003 - 2000 - Electromagnetic surveys to detect clay-rich sediment in the Rio Grande inner valley, Albuquerque area, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri004003","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4003","title":"Electromagnetic surveys to detect clay-rich sediment in the Rio Grande inner valley, Albuquerque area, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Information on the presence of clay-rich layers in the inner-valley \r\nalluvium is essential for quantifying the amount of water transmitted \r\nbetween the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer system. This \r\nreport describes a study that used electromagnetic surveys to provide \r\nthis information. In the first phase of the study, electromagnetic \r\nsoundings were made using time-domain and frequency-domain electro-\r\nmagnetic methods. On the basis of these initial results, the time- \r\ndomain method was judged ineffective because of cultural noise in the \r\nstudy area, so subsequent surveys were made using the frequency-domain\r\nmethod. For the second phase of the study, 31 frequency-domain\r\nelectromagnetic surveys were conducted along the inner valley and\r\nparallel to the Rio Grande in the Albuquerque area in the spring and\r\nsummer of 1997 to determine the presence of hydrologically significant\r\nclay-rich layers buried in the inner-valley alluvium. For this report,\r\nthe 31 survey sections were combined into 10 composite sections for\r\nease of interpretation.\r\n\r\nTerrain-conductivity data from the surveys were modeled \r\nusing interpretation software to produce geoelectric cross sections \r\nalong the survey lines. This modeling used lithologic logs from \r\ntwo wells installed near the survey lines: the Bosque South and \r\nRio Bravo 5 wells. Because of cultural interference, location of \r\nthe wells and soundings, complex stratigraphy, and difficulty \r\ninterpreting lithology, such interpretation was inconclusive. \r\nInstead, a decision process based on modeling results was developed \r\nusing vertical and horizontal dipole 40-meter intercoil spacing \r\nterrain-conductivity values. Values larger than or equal to 20 \r\nmillisiemens per meter were interpreted to contain a \r\nhydrologically significant thickness of clay-rich sediment. \r\nThus, clay-rich sediment was interpreted to underlie seven \r\nsegments of the 10 composited survey lines, totaling at least \r\n2,660 meters of the Rio Grande inner valley. The longest of these \r\nclay-rich segments is a 940-meter reach between Bridge and Rio Bravo \r\nBoulevards.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004003","usgsCitation":"Bartolino, J.R., and Sterling, J.M., 2000, Electromagnetic surveys to detect clay-rich sediment in the Rio Grande inner valley, Albuquerque area, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4003, iv, 45 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004003.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95582,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4003/report.pdf","size":"6230","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartolino, James R. 0000-0002-2166-7803 jrbartol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7803","contributorId":2548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolino","given":"James","email":"jrbartol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sterling, Joseph M.","contributorId":26331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterling","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30232,"text":"wri994261 - 2000 - Temperatures and water potentials in shallow unsaturated alluvium next to a burial site for low-level radioactive waste, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 1987-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T06:18:57","indexId":"wri994261","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4261","title":"Temperatures and water potentials in shallow unsaturated alluvium next to a burial site for low-level radioactive waste, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 1987-96","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994261","usgsCitation":"Tumbusch, M.L., and Prudic, D.E., 2000, Temperatures and water potentials in shallow unsaturated alluvium next to a burial site for low-level radioactive waste, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 1987-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4261, iv, 37 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994261.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59010,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4261/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tumbusch, Mary L.","contributorId":37377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tumbusch","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29867,"text":"wri994223 - 2000 - Water quality at basic fixed sites in the upper Colorado River basin National Water-Quality Assessment study unit, October 1995-September 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T20:04:31.828862","indexId":"wri994223","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4223","title":"Water quality at basic fixed sites in the upper Colorado River basin National Water-Quality Assessment study unit, October 1995-September 1998","docAbstract":"The Upper Colorado River Basin study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program consists of the Colorado River watershed upstream from near the Colorado-Utah State line. The basin is about equally divided between the Southern Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau physiographic provinces. Data were collected at pairs of indicator sites for mining, increasing urban development, and agricultural land use. Reference basic fixed sites were established in each physiographic province to provide baseline or background information in areas where anthropogenic influences are minimal. Water-quality data collection began at three of the sites in water year 1995. Full implementation of data collection at the 14-site network began in October 1996 and continued through September 1998. Six hundred and sixty water-quality samples were collected at the network sites. Snowmelt runoff dominates the hydrology in most of the basin, but water management for irrigation, storage, and transmountain diversions substantially changes annual runoff characteristics in some areas. Streamflow during water years 1995 and 1997 was generally greater than long-term average conditions. During water year 1996, streamflow also was above average at many sites but not to the extent as seen during 1995 or 1997. Water year 1998 streamflows typically were near or slightly below the long-term average. Extreme low-flow conditions generally did not occur at the sites during the data-collection period. Dissolved nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations at the background site within the Southern Rocky Mountain physiographic province typically were low (hundreths of milligrams per liter). Concentrations in areas of urban development and areas in the lower parts of the basin generally were in the tenths of milligrams per liter and in some agricultural areas were in the milligram per liter range. Median dissolved-solids concentrations at sites in the Southern Rocky Mountains were typically less than 200 milligrams per liter. Small tributaries in the Colorado Plateau and agricultural areas had dissolved-solids concentrations in the thousands of milligrams per liter range. Trace-element concentrations were high, at times, in areas of mining land use. Median zinc concentration for the French Gulch near Breckenridge site was 2,700 micrograms per liter. Comparison of measured concentrations to Colorado State instream standards showed that concentrations of dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, and ammonia were within instream standards at all sites. Concentrations of cadmium and zinc at the site on French Gulch (a mining-affected site) often were greater than the State instream standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994223","usgsCitation":"Spahr, N.E., Boulger, R.W., and Szmajter, R.J., 2000, Water quality at basic fixed sites in the upper Colorado River basin National Water-Quality Assessment study unit, October 1995-September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4223, viii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994223.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"70","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410728,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27043.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri99-4223","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.667,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.667,\n              40.4170\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05,\n              40.4170\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4880e4b07f02db515e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boulger, Robert W.","contributorId":27898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szmajter, Richard J.","contributorId":58315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szmajter","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}