{"pageNumber":"350","pageRowStart":"8725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70035166,"text":"70035166 - 2000 - Adjustment of total suspended solids data for use in sediment studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T16:09:05","indexId":"70035166","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Adjustment of total suspended solids data for use in sediment studies","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency identifies fluvial sediment as the single most widespread pollutant in the Nation's rivers and streams, affecting aquatic habitat, drinking water treatment processes, and recreational uses of rivers, lakes, and estuaries. A significant amount of suspended-sediment data has been produced using the total suspended solids (TSS) laboratory analysis method. An evaluation of data collected and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey and others has shown that the variation in TSS analytical results is considerably larger than that for traditional suspended-sediment concentration analyses (SSC) and that the TSS data show a negative bias when compared to SSC data. This paper presents the initial results of a continuing investigation into the differences between TSS and SSC results. It explores possible relations between these differences and other hydrologic data collected at the same stations. A general equation was developed to relate TSS data to SSC data. However, this general equation is not applicable for data from individual stations. Based on these analyses, there appears to be no simple, straightforward way to relate TSS and SSC data unless pairs of TSS and SSC results are available for a station.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Building partnerships: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"July 30 - August 2, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)270","isbn":"9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Glysson, G.D., Gray, J.R., and Conge, L., 2000, Adjustment of total suspended solids data for use in sediment studies, <i>in</i> Building partnerships: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, July 30 - August 2, 2000, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)270.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f7e4b0c8380cd47763","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hotchkiss, Rollin H.","contributorId":23653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"Rollin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730142,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glade, Michael","contributorId":6154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glade","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730143,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conge, L.M.","contributorId":101103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conge","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44843,"text":"wri974054C - 2000 - Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T21:35:12.887933","indexId":"wri974054C","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4054","chapter":"C","title":"Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is a carbonate deposit of Ordovician age, composed of the Galena and Platteville Groups in Illinois and the Sinnippee Group in Wisconsin. It is the uppermost bedrock unit (subcrop) in most of northern Illinois and southern and eastern Wisconsin. The subcrop area is shaded in figure 1 of sheet 1 (Batten and others, 1997). The unit is predominately dolomite, with limestone in some areas, and has a weathered surface. Across the subcrop area, the hydrologic characteristics of the bedrock unit vary substantially. The bedrock unit may be either a confining unit or an aquifer. In areas where the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is an aquifer, the unit is a dependable source of water for many private wells and some municipal-water-supply systems. Ground water in the Galena-Platteville bedrock aquifer is susceptible to contamination because the bedrock unit is near land surface in much of the study area, and the fractures in the unit allow rapid movement of water providing limited capacity to attenuate contaminants. The subcrop (study) area covers approximately 7,850 square miles in northern Illinois and Wisconsin. In the study area, volatile organic compounds and other contaminants have been detected in the aquifer at various sites (Mills, 1993; Kay and others, 1994). Many sources of contaminants, including landfills and industrial facilities, are known or suspected. In order to determine the possible effects of contamination on the ground-water supply, an understanding of the regional hydrogeologic framework of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is needed. </span></p>\n<p><span>Published and unpublished map and point data describing the geologic properties of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit are available from many sources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), has selected and compiled a large portion of the available data to create computer data bases and maps. The objective of this effort is to compile and publish these data in a series of reports (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Reports (WRIR) 974054-A, WRIR 97-4054-B, WRIR 97-4054-C). This is the third in that series of reports. The report describes the altitude, thickness, and depth from land surface of the subcrop area of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit.</span></p>\n<p><span>The report series will enable investigators involved in site-specific studies within the subcrop area to understand the regional geologic framework of the unit and to find additional reference sources. This report consists of four sheets that show the altitude (sheet 1), depth from land surface (sheet 2), total thickness (sheet 3), and location of altitude data (sheet 4) of the lithologic units that constitute the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit within the subcrop area. The sheets also show major known geologic features within the Galena-Platteville study area in Illinois and Wisconsin. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to generate data layers (coverages) from point data and from published and unpublished contour maps at various scales and detail. Standard GIS procedures were used to change the coverages into the maps shown on the sheets presented in this report. A list of references for the data used to prepare the maps is provided.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974054C","usgsCitation":"Brown, T.A., Dunning, C., and Sharpe, J.B., 2000, Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4054, 4 Plates: 34.00 x 47.77 inches smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974054C.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 34.00 x 47.77 inches smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":413561,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25885.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":82198,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82199,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              41.53325414281322\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              45.1433047394883\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.51708984375,\n              45.1433047394883\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.51708984375,\n              41.53325414281322\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              41.53325414281322\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6869a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Timothy A.","contributorId":18016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunning, Charles P. cdunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles P.","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26596,"text":"wri004237 - 2000 - Quantification of metal loads by tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods in Cataract Creek, Jefferson County, Montana, August 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T06:16:49","indexId":"wri004237","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4237","title":"Quantification of metal loads by tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods in Cataract Creek, Jefferson County, Montana, August 1997","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004237","usgsCitation":"Cleasby, T., Nimick, D.A., and Kimball, B.A., 2000, Quantification of metal loads by tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods in Cataract Creek, Jefferson County, Montana, August 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4237, iv, 39 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004237.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95614,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4237/report.pdf","size":"3439","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.3435,38.3872],[-90.3467,38.3829],[-90.3507,38.3774],[-90.3536,38.372],[-90.3565,38.367],[-90.3566,38.362],[-90.3579,38.357],[-90.3598,38.3516],[-90.3617,38.3471],[-90.3648,38.3422],[-90.3673,38.3372],[-90.3698,38.3319],[-90.3713,38.3274],[-90.3724,38.3224],[-90.3723,38.3179],[-90.3728,38.3116],[-90.3729,38.307],[-90.3727,38.3011],[-90.3731,38.288],[-90.373,38.278],[-90.37,38.269],[-90.3682,38.2622],[-90.3663,38.255],[-90.3645,38.2486],[-90.3624,38.2424],[-90.3603,38.2356],[-90.3564,38.2264],[-90.3524,38.2197],[-90.3498,38.2141],[-90.3453,38.208],[-90.3413,38.2031],[-90.3373,38.1989],[-90.3334,38.1949],[-90.3292,38.1904],[-90.3222,38.1846],[-90.3185,38.1823],[-90.3133,38.1805],[-90.3092,38.1787],[-90.3028,38.177],[-90.297,38.1751],[-90.2904,38.1725],[-90.2839,38.1689],[-90.2792,38.1652],[-90.2745,38.1604],[-90.2709,38.1559],[-90.2673,38.1501],[-90.2634,38.1441],[-90.256,38.1333],[-90.2504,38.1255],[-90.2493,38.1239],[-90.2512,38.123],[-90.2513,38.1198],[-90.2554,38.1195],[-90.259,38.115],[-90.2633,38.1096],[-90.2674,38.1088],[-90.2756,38.1094],[-90.2785,38.109],[-90.281,38.1045],[-90.287,38.0983],[-90.2925,38.0925],[-90.2972,38.0898],[-90.303,38.0922],[-90.31,38.0946],[-90.3163,38.0974],[-90.3227,38.0975],[-90.3315,38.0995],[-90.4137,38.0447],[-90.583,38.009],[-90.6279,38.0115],[-90.6278,38.0155],[-90.6243,38.0173],[-90.6132,38.018],[-90.6142,38.0235],[-90.6169,38.0308],[-90.6197,38.0372],[-90.6184,38.0417],[-90.6183,38.0471],[-90.6198,38.0553],[-90.6202,38.0608],[-90.6172,38.0639],[-90.6136,38.0684],[-90.6124,38.0724],[-90.6146,38.0765],[-90.6215,38.0794],[-90.6286,38.0786],[-90.6333,38.0773],[-90.6367,38.0801],[-90.6396,38.081],[-90.6466,38.0834],[-90.653,38.0848],[-90.6582,38.0867],[-90.6587,38.0899],[-90.6557,38.0921],[-90.6516,38.0948],[-90.6515,38.0975],[-90.6544,38.0994],[-90.6584,38.0994],[-90.6597,38.0967],[-90.6609,38.094],[-90.6633,38.0927],[-90.6668,38.0919],[-90.6797,38.0911],[-90.6838,38.0912],[-90.6844,38.0926],[-90.682,38.0948],[-90.6784,38.0975],[-90.6766,38.0992],[-90.6783,38.1024],[-90.7788,38.2077],[-90.7386,38.4184],[-90.7358,38.4832],[-90.7282,38.4821],[-90.7194,38.4811],[-90.7165,38.4802],[-90.7172,38.4734],[-90.7161,38.4729],[-90.7125,38.4733],[-90.7096,38.4751],[-90.7037,38.4763],[-90.6967,38.474],[-90.6898,38.4653],[-90.6875,38.4625],[-90.6888,38.4585],[-90.69,38.4567],[-90.6889,38.4557],[-90.6818,38.4574],[-90.68,38.4565],[-90.683,38.4543],[-90.6837,38.4511],[-90.6802,38.4497],[-90.6743,38.4505],[-90.6589,38.4571],[-90.6547,38.4598],[-90.6546,38.4638],[-90.6574,38.4698],[-90.6596,38.4734],[-90.6594,38.4811],[-90.6569,38.4883],[-90.6516,38.4905],[-90.6456,38.4927],[-90.6398,38.4922],[-90.6328,38.4884],[-90.6282,38.4847],[-90.623,38.481],[-90.6189,38.4787],[-90.6143,38.4773],[-90.6084,38.4785],[-90.6041,38.4839],[-90.5998,38.4902],[-90.5967,38.4951],[-90.5918,38.5032],[-90.5906,38.5064],[-90.4089,38.5039],[-90.406,38.5016],[-90.4061,38.4984],[-90.4079,38.4962],[-90.4075,38.4912],[-90.4052,38.4884],[-90.4083,38.4839],[-90.4119,38.4822],[-90.4125,38.4822],[-90.4137,38.4813],[-90.4154,38.4818],[-90.4201,38.4837],[-90.4218,38.4832],[-90.4224,38.4833],[-90.4224,38.4824],[-90.4214,38.4774],[-90.4215,38.4751],[-90.4159,38.4627],[-90.4102,38.4581],[-90.4067,38.4567],[-90.4026,38.4571],[-90.399,38.4593],[-90.3954,38.461],[-90.3919,38.4601],[-90.3903,38.4569],[-90.3868,38.455],[-90.3773,38.4562],[-90.3602,38.46],[-90.356,38.4617],[-90.3466,38.4616],[-90.3443,38.4606],[-90.3402,38.4592],[-90.3368,38.456],[-90.3375,38.4496],[-90.3442,38.4434],[-90.3474,38.4348],[-90.3473,38.4194],[-90.3467,38.4167],[-90.3488,38.4072],[-90.345,38.3972],[-90.3451,38.3935],[-90.3435,38.3872]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Jefferson\",\"state\":\"MO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64eb24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleasby, Thomas E. 0000-0003-0694-1541","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-1541","contributorId":21993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleasby","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27694,"text":"wri994224 - 2000 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri994224","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4224","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware","docAbstract":"Dover Air Force Base in Kent County, Delaware, has many contaminated sites that are in active remediation. To assist in this remediation, a steady-state model of ground-water flow was developed to aid in understanding the hydrology of the system, and for use as a ground-watermanagement tool. This report describes the hydrology on which the model is based, a description of the model itself, and some applications of the model.Dover Air Force Base is underlain by unconsolidated sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The primary units that were investigated include the upper Calvert Formation and the overlying Columbia Formation. The uppermost sand unit in the Calvert Formation at Dover Air Force Base is the Frederica aquifer, which is the deepest unit investigated in this report. A confining unit of clayey silt in the upper Calvert Formation separates the Frederica aquifer from the lower surficial aquifer, which is the basal Columbia Formation. North and northwest of Dover Air Force Base, the Frederica aquifer subcrops beneath the Columbia Formation and the upper Calvert Formation confining unit is absent. The Calvert Formation dips to the southeast. The Columbia Formation consists predominately of sands, silts, and gravels, although in places there are clay layers that separate the surficial aquifer into an upper and lower surficial aquifer. The areal extent of these clay layers has been mapped by use of gamma logs. Long-term hydrographs reveal substantial changes in both seasonal and annual ground-water recharge. These variations in recharge are related to temporal changes in evaporation, transpiration, and precipitation. The hydrographs show areas where extensive silts and clays are present in the surficial aquifer. In these areas, the vertical gradient between water levels in wells screened above and below the clays can be as large as several feet, and local ground-water highs typically form during normal recharge conditions. When drought conditions persist, water drains off these highs and the vertical gradients decrease. At the south end of Dover Air Force Base, hydrographs of water levels in the Frederica aquifer show that off-Base pumping can cause the water levels to decline below sea level during part of the year.A 4-layer, steady-state numerical model of ground-water flow was developed for Dover Air Force Base and the surrounding area. The upper two layers represent the upper and lower surficial aquifers, which are in the Columbia Formation. In some areas of the model, a semi-confining unit is used to represent an intermittent clay layer between the upper and lower surficial aquifer. This semi-confining unit causes the local groundwater highs in the surficial aquifer. The third model layer represents the upper part of the Calvert Formation, a confining unit. The fourth model layer represents the Frederica aquifer. The model was calibrated to hydraulic heads and to ground-water discharge in Pipe Elm Branch, both of which were measured in September 1997. For the calibrated model, the root-mean-squared errors for the hydraulic heads and the ground-water discharge in the Pipe Elm Branch were 9 percent of the range of head and 3 percent of discharge, respectively. Heads simulated by use of the model were consistent with a map showing average water levels in the region. The U.S. Geological Survey?s MODPATH program was used to simulate ground-water-flow directions for several areas on the Base. This analysis showed the effects of the local groundwater highs. In these areas, ground water can flow from the highs and then dramatically change flow direction as it enters the lower surficial aquifer. The steady-state model has several limitations. The entire ground-water system is under transient hydraulic conditions, due mainly to seasonal and yearly changes in recharge and to withdrawal from irrigation wells. Yet this steady-state model is still considered to be an effective tool for understanding the ground-water-flow system u","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994224","usgsCitation":"Hinaman, K.C., and Tenbus, F.J., 2000, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4224, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994224.","productDescription":"82 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4224.jpg"},{"id":2228,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri99-4224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinaman, Kurt C.","contributorId":104104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinaman","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tenbus, Frederick J.","contributorId":52145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenbus","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25821,"text":"wri20004107 - 2000 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in an agricultural area of Sherburne County, Minnesota, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:26:44","indexId":"wri20004107","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4107","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in an agricultural area of Sherburne County, Minnesota, 1998","docAbstract":"<p>The quality of shallow ground water in a 75-mi<sup>2</sup> agricultural area of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer in central Minnesota is described as part of the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program - a national-scale assessment of the quality of water resources within large study units in various hydrologic settings. Data were collected during 1998 from 29 wells completed in the aquifer, which predominantly consists of surficial glacial sand and gravel sediments.</p>\n<p>The depth below land surface to the water table ranged from 3.3 to 44 ft (median of 15.5 ft). Ground water was of the calciummagnesium bicarbonate type. Ionic constituents also included sodium, sulfate, and chloride. Iron and manganese concentrations generally were not greater than their U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (300 and 50 ug/L, respectively).</p>\n<p>About 38 percent of 29 samples had nitrate-N (nitrogen) concentrations greater than the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L. About 72 percent of the samples had nitrate-N concentrations greater than the presumed natural background level of 3 mg/L. The maximum nitrate-N concentration was 47 mg/L. The median nitrate-N concentration of 7.1 mg/L, although not greater than the MCL, exceeded the natural background level. Nitrogen isotope ratios indicate that the sources of nitrate were commercial fertilizer and soil organic matter. Concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus and orthophosphate were generally less than 1 mg/L.</p>\n<p>About 86 percent of 29 samples had detectable concentrations of at least 1 of 13 pesticide compounds. The samples were analyzed for 83 pesticide compounds. Frequencies of detection of these compounds were: deethylatrazine-79 percent; atrazine-76 percent; metolachlor-41 percent; metribuzin and bentazon-21 percent; prometon-10 percent; tebuthiuron-7 percent; and alachlor, 2,6-diethylaniline, dicamba, dinoseb, malathion, and simazine-3 percent. The detected pesticide compounds had concentrations less than 1 ug/L. Detected compounds with USEPA MCLs (atrazine, bentazon, alachlor, dinoseb, and simazine) had concentrations less than their respective MCLs.</p>\n<p>About 50 percent of 20 samples analyzed for 86 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) had detectable concentrations of at least 1 of 7 VOCs. Frequencies of detection of these 7 VOCs were: 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene-40 percent; and trichlorofluoromethane, styrene, chloromethane, benzene, methylbenzene, and trichloromethane-5 percent. The detected VOCs had concentrations less than 0.120 ug/L. Detected VOCs with USEPA MCLs - styrene, benzene, methylbenzene, and trichloromethane - were present at concentrations 2-4 orders of magnitude less than their respective MCLs.</p>\n<p>Tritium concentrations had a range of from 7.5 to 18.8 tritium units (TUs) and a median of 12.5 TUs. These concentrations indicate that the ground water predominantly recharged after testing of thermonuclear weapons during the early 1950's.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004107","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., Fong, A.L., Hanson, P.E., and Andrews, W.J., 2000, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in an agricultural area of Sherburne County, Minnesota, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4107, vii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004107.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-4107.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Sherburne County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,45.25 ], [ -94,45.5 ], [ -93.58333333333333,45.5 ], [ -93.58333333333333,45.25 ], [ -94,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, James F.","contributorId":103322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fong, Alison L.","contributorId":78366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Paul E.","contributorId":85167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31536,"text":"ofr0045B - 2000 - Bedrock geologic map of the Hubbard Brook experimental forest, Grafton County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T14:44:43.74756","indexId":"ofr0045B","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-45","chapter":"B","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Hubbard Brook experimental forest, Grafton County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0045B","usgsCitation":"Burton, W., Walsh, G., and Armstrong, T.R., 2000, Bedrock geologic map of the Hubbard Brook experimental forest, Grafton County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-45, HTML; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0045B.","productDescription":"HTML; Database","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110173,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37099.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"37099"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Grafton County","otherGeospatial":"Hubbard Brook experimental forest","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-71.7636,44.4047],[-71.6969,44.3322],[-71.6867,44.3363],[-71.5876,44.3045],[-71.5767,44.2575],[-71.5761,44.2543],[-71.5652,44.2557],[-71.5333,44.2594],[-71.5231,44.2607],[-71.5129,44.2621],[-71.5072,44.2626],[-71.5059,44.2553],[-71.4708,44.2598],[-71.4434,44.2493],[-71.4154,44.212],[-71.4256,44.2106],[-71.4129,44.1659],[-71.388,44.155],[-71.3849,44.145],[-71.376,44.119],[-71.3767,44.1035],[-71.3818,44.0976],[-71.3665,44.0688],[-71.3468,44.0688],[-71.3832,44.0219],[-71.3693,43.95],[-71.3662,43.9358],[-71.3624,43.9153],[-71.37,43.9144],[-71.4176,43.9085],[-71.4519,43.9045],[-71.4583,43.9035],[-71.4627,43.9031],[-71.5408,43.8949],[-71.5649,43.8926],[-71.5572,43.8571],[-71.556,43.8516],[-71.5521,43.8352],[-71.5439,43.7961],[-71.5382,43.7961],[-71.5375,43.7947],[-71.5318,43.7606],[-71.5223,43.6968],[-71.6482,43.6858],[-71.6514,43.6813],[-71.6482,43.6717],[-71.6513,43.6653],[-71.6551,43.6608],[-71.6513,43.643],[-71.6538,43.6407],[-71.6519,43.6375],[-71.6569,43.6293],[-71.6512,43.6207],[-71.6626,43.6161],[-71.6657,43.6116],[-71.6626,43.607],[-71.6651,43.6043],[-71.6727,43.6029],[-71.6859,43.5952],[-71.7023,43.5938],[-71.7055,43.5956],[-71.7087,43.6011],[-71.7125,43.601],[-71.7188,43.5956],[-71.7283,43.5946],[-71.7314,43.5887],[-71.7156,43.5792],[-71.7168,43.5746],[-71.7244,43.5705],[-71.7237,43.5664],[-71.7282,43.5628],[-71.7307,43.5678],[-71.7351,43.5691],[-71.7427,43.5678],[-71.744,43.5655],[-71.7465,43.5673],[-71.756,43.5655],[-71.7604,43.5673],[-71.778,43.5527],[-71.7812,43.559],[-71.785,43.5609],[-71.7875,43.5599],[-71.7926,43.5577],[-71.797,43.559],[-71.8039,43.5522],[-71.8071,43.5531],[-71.8096,43.5503],[-71.8165,43.5503],[-71.8178,43.5439],[-71.8497,43.6112],[-71.8924,43.5747],[-71.9351,43.5281],[-72.0672,43.5435],[-72.0698,43.5531],[-72.0911,43.5289],[-72.1202,43.5378],[-72.1071,43.5534],[-72.1919,43.5798],[-72.2046,43.5834],[-72.2103,43.5852],[-72.3294,43.6001],[-72.3289,43.6007],[-72.328,43.6024],[-72.3275,43.6052],[-72.3283,43.6075],[-72.3294,43.6095],[-72.3313,43.6123],[-72.3333,43.6159],[-72.3333,43.6177],[-72.3321,43.6209],[-72.3307,43.623],[-72.3282,43.6257],[-72.3263,43.627],[-72.3263,43.6293],[-72.3269,43.6311],[-72.3276,43.6334],[-72.3265,43.6345],[-72.324,43.6364],[-72.3197,43.6384],[-72.3189,43.639],[-72.3174,43.6407],[-72.3161,43.643],[-72.3149,43.6452],[-72.3149,43.6475],[-72.3155,43.6493],[-72.3155,43.6512],[-72.3149,43.653],[-72.3142,43.6539],[-72.3123,43.6553],[-72.3111,43.6562],[-72.3079,43.6607],[-72.3041,43.6657],[-72.3022,43.6693],[-72.3004,43.6725],[-72.2996,43.6748],[-72.3002,43.6771],[-72.3015,43.6799],[-72.3031,43.6839],[-72.3027,43.6898],[-72.3021,43.6944],[-72.3015,43.698],[-72.3001,43.7012],[-72.2989,43.7049],[-72.297,43.7071],[-72.2952,43.709],[-72.292,43.7117],[-72.2883,43.715],[-72.2826,43.7195],[-72.2789,43.7232],[-72.2764,43.7255],[-72.2741,43.728],[-72.271,43.7298],[-72.2678,43.7312],[-72.2626,43.7331],[-72.2583,43.7348],[-72.252,43.7376],[-72.2481,43.7398],[-72.2436,43.7407],[-72.2392,43.7425],[-72.236,43.7439],[-72.2329,43.7458],[-72.2304,43.7485],[-72.2273,43.7531],[-72.2241,43.7572],[-72.221,43.7609],[-72.216,43.765],[-72.2116,43.7668],[-72.2091,43.7677],[-72.2059,43.7692],[-72.2043,43.7703],[-72.203,43.7725],[-72.2028,43.7748],[-72.203,43.7771],[-72.2036,43.7798],[-72.2036,43.7816],[-72.2017,43.7844],[-72.2004,43.7857],[-72.1985,43.7871],[-72.1954,43.7898],[-72.1922,43.7939],[-72.1909,43.7966],[-72.189,43.7989],[-72.1871,43.8012],[-72.1839,43.8034],[-72.1826,43.8057],[-72.182,43.8089],[-72.1829,43.8121],[-72.1842,43.8154],[-72.1851,43.818],[-72.1857,43.8203],[-72.1863,43.8221],[-72.1851,43.8239],[-72.1838,43.8267],[-72.1825,43.8285],[-72.1806,43.8321],[-72.1806,43.8367],[-72.1812,43.8417],[-72.1831,43.8458],[-72.1843,43.8512],[-72.1852,43.8538],[-72.1859,43.8567],[-72.1855,43.8604],[-72.1834,43.8626],[-72.1796,43.8645],[-72.1771,43.8649],[-72.1733,43.8659],[-72.1707,43.8668],[-72.1688,43.8677],[-72.1682,43.8695],[-72.1676,43.8718],[-72.1683,43.8736],[-72.1702,43.875],[-72.1715,43.8768],[-72.1721,43.8791],[-72.1728,43.8813],[-72.1715,43.8832],[-72.1709,43.8841],[-72.169,43.8846],[-72.1659,43.8855],[-72.164,43.8859],[-72.1621,43.8864],[-72.1595,43.8878],[-72.1589,43.8892],[-72.1568,43.8917],[-72.1555,43.894],[-72.1536,43.8967],[-72.1521,43.8989],[-72.1501,43.901],[-72.1446,43.9059],[-72.1364,43.9103],[-72.1301,43.9135],[-72.1269,43.9153],[-72.1237,43.9167],[-72.1205,43.9185],[-72.1186,43.9203],[-72.1173,43.9221],[-72.1173,43.9249],[-72.1167,43.9272],[-72.1168,43.9304],[-72.1162,43.9335],[-72.1162,43.9363],[-72.1175,43.9385],[-72.1172,43.9417],[-72.117,43.9437],[-72.1146,43.9453],[-72.1125,43.9463],[-72.1074,43.9473],[-72.1042,43.9491],[-72.1004,43.9523],[-72.0986,43.955],[-72.0979,43.9573],[-72.098,43.9591],[-72.098,43.9605],[-72.0974,43.9623],[-72.0955,43.9632],[-72.0942,43.9637],[-72.0923,43.9642],[-72.0904,43.9651],[-72.0904,43.966],[-72.091,43.9664],[-72.093,43.9674],[-72.0974,43.9692],[-72.1006,43.9696],[-72.1031,43.97],[-72.1057,43.97],[-72.1076,43.97],[-72.1101,43.9691],[-72.112,43.9686],[-72.1127,43.9691],[-72.1127,43.97],[-72.1121,43.9723],[-72.1114,43.9741],[-72.1115,43.9787],[-72.1115,43.9809],[-72.1113,43.9833],[-72.112,43.9847],[-72.113,43.9857],[-72.1141,43.9873],[-72.1148,43.9896],[-72.1154,43.9919],[-72.1148,43.9941],[-72.1129,43.9964],[-72.111,43.9992],[-72.1085,44.0019],[-72.1073,44.0046],[-72.1073,44.0074],[-72.1073,44.0097],[-72.1067,44.0115],[-72.1048,44.0133],[-72.1023,44.0133],[-72.1003,44.0129],[-72.0991,44.0115],[-72.0972,44.0102],[-72.0952,44.0093],[-72.0939,44.0084],[-72.092,44.0093],[-72.0914,44.0106],[-72.0927,44.0125],[-72.0946,44.0138],[-72.0959,44.0165],[-72.0966,44.0188],[-72.0966,44.0202],[-72.0952,44.022],[-72.0934,44.0225],[-72.0922,44.022],[-72.0907,44.0215],[-72.0875,44.0212],[-72.0857,44.0218],[-72.0852,44.0232],[-72.0851,44.0246],[-72.0845,44.0261],[-72.0833,44.028],[-72.0829,44.0285],[-72.0824,44.0295],[-72.0804,44.0309],[-72.0792,44.0322],[-72.0783,44.0337],[-72.0791,44.0359],[-72.0804,44.0377],[-72.0804,44.0395],[-72.0804,44.0414],[-72.0797,44.0432],[-72.0772,44.0455],[-72.0753,44.0468],[-72.0714,44.0482],[-72.0682,44.0491],[-72.0657,44.0504],[-72.0657,44.0518],[-72.0663,44.0532],[-72.0689,44.0541],[-72.0707,44.055],[-72.0714,44.0564],[-72.0707,44.0573],[-72.0688,44.0586],[-72.0656,44.0595],[-72.0644,44.06],[-72.0631,44.0604],[-72.062,44.0613],[-72.0601,44.0627],[-72.0575,44.065],[-72.0557,44.0677],[-72.055,44.0696],[-72.0542,44.0715],[-72.0551,44.0728],[-72.0545,44.0751],[-72.0532,44.076],[-72.0519,44.0769],[-72.0494,44.0773],[-72.0462,44.0774],[-72.0433,44.0774],[-72.0407,44.077],[-72.0394,44.0769],[-72.0374,44.0774],[-72.0369,44.0788],[-72.0369,44.0801],[-72.0373,44.0815],[-72.0386,44.0824],[-72.0418,44.0837],[-72.0437,44.0847],[-72.045,44.0851],[-72.0462,44.0856],[-72.0463,44.0865],[-72.045,44.0878],[-72.0431,44.0883],[-72.0406,44.0888],[-72.0374,44.0901],[-72.0361,44.0911],[-72.0349,44.0929],[-72.0342,44.0965],[-72.0343,44.0993],[-72.0356,44.1011],[-72.0375,44.1024],[-72.04,44.1024],[-72.0413,44.1024],[-72.0438,44.1006],[-72.0457,44.0992],[-72.0483,44.0983],[-72.0495,44.0983],[-72.0508,44.0987],[-72.0527,44.1001],[-72.0547,44.1037],[-72.056,44.1069],[-72.056,44.1087],[-72.056,44.111],[-72.056,44.1134],[-72.055,44.1157],[-72.0536,44.1175],[-72.051,44.1197],[-72.0491,44.1215],[-72.0465,44.1225],[-72.044,44.1234],[-72.0421,44.1243],[-72.0402,44.1257],[-72.0396,44.1266],[-72.0389,44.1279],[-72.039,44.1302],[-72.039,44.132],[-72.039,44.1339],[-72.0403,44.1362],[-72.0409,44.1375],[-72.0422,44.1389],[-72.0435,44.1407],[-72.0442,44.1434],[-72.0442,44.1457],[-72.0429,44.1493],[-72.0429,44.1503],[-72.043,44.1525],[-72.0428,44.1553],[-72.0434,44.157],[-72.0443,44.1584],[-72.0459,44.1602],[-72.0477,44.1622],[-72.0495,44.1636],[-72.0526,44.1662],[-72.0552,44.1693],[-72.0585,44.1743],[-72.0617,44.1794],[-72.0648,44.1839],[-72.0674,44.1876],[-72.068,44.1899],[-72.0693,44.1921],[-72.0686,44.1935],[-72.0673,44.1962],[-72.0654,44.1985],[-72.0643,44.2005],[-72.0635,44.2018],[-72.0628,44.2035],[-72.0622,44.2053],[-72.0621,44.2081],[-72.0606,44.2103],[-72.0594,44.2135],[-72.0581,44.2158],[-72.0575,44.2186],[-72.0569,44.2208],[-72.0563,44.2236],[-72.0557,44.2277],[-72.0557,44.2304],[-72.0538,44.2345],[-72.0526,44.2373],[-72.052,44.2409],[-72.0531,44.2442],[-72.0553,44.247],[-72.0572,44.2492],[-72.0584,44.2509],[-72.0597,44.2532],[-72.0599,44.2559],[-72.0604,44.2605],[-72.0592,44.2632],[-72.0592,44.265],[-72.0598,44.2678],[-72.0611,44.2691],[-72.0624,44.2701],[-72.0643,44.2701],[-72.0649,44.271],[-72.0656,44.2728],[-72.0649,44.2755],[-72.0623,44.281],[-72.0612,44.2837],[-72.0599,44.2861],[-72.0586,44.2875],[-72.0564,44.2896],[-72.0526,44.2914],[-72.0495,44.2923],[-72.0456,44.2933],[-72.0435,44.2948],[-72.0397,44.2975],[-72.0365,44.2998],[-72.0346,44.3021],[-72.0333,44.3048],[-72.0321,44.3075],[-72.0321,44.3107],[-72.0315,44.3135],[-72.0302,44.3151],[-72.0282,44.3178],[-72.0257,44.3187],[-72.0237,44.3191],[-72.0193,44.32],[-72.0148,44.3214],[-72.0103,44.3223],[-72.0022,44.325],[-71.9958,44.3273],[-71.9911,44.3287],[-71.9848,44.3306],[-71.9802,44.3322],[-71.9744,44.3335],[-71.9684,44.3349],[-71.9614,44.3358],[-71.9546,44.3362],[-71.9508,44.3362],[-71.9476,44.3357],[-71.9425,44.3353],[-71.9393,44.3353],[-71.9352,44.3357],[-71.9321,44.3362],[-71.9282,44.3385],[-71.9244,44.3412],[-71.9186,44.3444],[-71.9124,44.3456],[-71.9079,44.3465],[-71.9047,44.3465],[-71.9009,44.3456],[-71.8971,44.3442],[-71.8926,44.3423],[-71.8882,44.34],[-71.8831,44.3382],[-71.8773,44.3368],[-71.8726,44.3363],[-71.8675,44.3368],[-71.8605,44.3382],[-71.856,44.3405],[-71.8496,44.3427],[-71.8413,44.346],[-71.8376,44.347],[-71.8306,44.3489],[-71.8248,44.3502],[-71.8196,44.352],[-71.8165,44.3538],[-71.8139,44.3556],[-71.8127,44.3588],[-71.8127,44.3629],[-71.8133,44.3716],[-71.8131,44.3734],[-71.813,44.3757],[-71.8128,44.3793],[-71.8102,44.3839],[-71.8051,44.3885],[-71.8007,44.3917],[-71.7956,44.3949],[-71.7905,44.3965],[-71.786,44.3983],[-71.7802,44.3997],[-71.7757,44.401],[-71.7712,44.4028],[-71.7674,44.4037],[-71.7642,44.4046],[-71.7636,44.4047]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Grafton\",\"state\":\"NH\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db63632d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, W.C.","contributorId":41439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, G. J. 0000-0003-4264-8836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":47409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, T. R.","contributorId":91528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21711,"text":"ofr00262 - 2000 - Data from a thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek washes in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T06:54:34","indexId":"ofr00262","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-262","title":"Data from a thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek washes in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"This report presents data on the physical properties of unsaturated alluvial deposits and on the chemical and isotopic composition of soil water and soil gas collected at 12 monitoring sites in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, California. Sites were installed using the ODEX air-hammer method. Seven sites were located in the active channels of Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes. The remaining five sites were located away from the active washes. Most sites were drilled to a depth of about 100 feet below land surface; two sites were drilled to the water table almost 650 feet below land surface. Drilling procedures, lithologic and geophysical data, and site construction and instrumentation are described. Core material was analyzed for water content, bulk density, water potential, particle size, and water retention. The chemical composition of leachate from almost 1,000 subsamples of cores and cuttings was determined. Water extracted from selected subsamples of cores was analyzed for tritium and the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen. Water from suction-cup lysimeters and soil-gas samples also were analyzed for chemical and isotopic composition. In addition, data on the chemical and isotopic composition of bulk precipitation from five sites and on ground water from two water-table wells are reported.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00262","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Clark, D.A., Pimental, M.I., Land, M., Radyk, J.C., and Michel, R.L., 2000, Data from a thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek washes in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-262, v, 133 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00262.","productDescription":"v, 133 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51239,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0262/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0262/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.6513,35.8111],[-115.648,35.8111],[-115.6283,35.7954],[-115.5913,35.7661],[-115.5356,35.7229],[-115.5215,35.7115],[-115.4268,35.6375],[-115.4148,35.6279],[-115.2207,35.4744],[-115.2099,35.4658],[-115.2066,35.463],[-115.1563,35.4234],[-115.1093,35.3858],[-115.091,35.371],[-115.0732,35.3567],[-115.0441,35.3338],[-115.0273,35.3204],[-114.9816,35.2837],[-114.9498,35.2584],[-114.9352,35.2469],[-114.8283,35.1609],[-114.7736,35.1165],[-114.7527,35.0997],[-114.7425,35.0905],[-114.7218,35.0742],[-114.7123,35.0668],[-114.6949,35.0527],[-114.6769,35.0378],[-114.675,35.0363],[-114.6591,35.0234],[-114.6329,35.0021],[-114.6315,35.0002],[-114.6289,34.9937],[-114.6287,34.9875],[-114.6283,34.9855],[-114.6313,34.9761],[-114.6338,34.9674],[-114.6328,34.9626],[-114.6324,34.9606],[-114.6313,34.9556],[-114.6292,34.9489],[-114.6284,34.9412],[-114.6299,34.9342],[-114.6312,34.9261],[-114.6309,34.9237],[-114.6305,34.9202],[-114.6296,34.9146],[-114.629,34.9112],[-114.63,34.9053],[-114.6326,34.8997],[-114.6342,34.893],[-114.635,34.8867],[-114.6347,34.8802],[-114.632,34.8734],[-114.6258,34.8667],[-114.6164,34.8607],[-114.6155,34.8602],[-114.6036,34.8535],[-114.5925,34.8463],[-114.5919,34.8456],[-114.5857,34.839],[-114.5803,34.8307],[-114.5782,34.8231],[-114.5778,34.8219],[-114.5748,34.8128],[-114.5739,34.8102],[-114.571,34.8013],[-114.5645,34.7896],[-114.5585,34.7796],[-114.5495,34.7699],[-114.5417,34.7627],[-114.5325,34.757],[-114.5264,34.7539],[-114.5206,34.7482],[-114.5176,34.7435],[-114.5152,34.7413],[-114.5135,34.7397],[-114.5067,34.7372],[-114.4999,34.735],[-114.4925,34.732],[-114.4908,34.7294],[-114.489,34.7266],[-114.4878,34.7244],[-114.4813,34.7198],[-114.4804,34.7196],[-114.4765,34.7187],[-114.4708,34.7152],[-114.4672,34.708],[-114.4652,34.7022],[-114.4649,34.7008],[-114.4628,34.6936],[-114.4581,34.6864],[-114.4545,34.6787],[-114.451,34.6733],[-114.4498,34.6707],[-114.4516,34.6681],[-114.4536,34.6665],[-114.4557,34.6637],[-114.4551,34.6619],[-114.4539,34.6592],[-114.452,34.6576],[-114.4493,34.6552],[-114.4436,34.6507],[-114.4417,34.6463],[-114.4404,34.6386],[-114.4386,34.6323],[-114.4373,34.6268],[-114.4343,34.6233],[-114.4303,34.6206],[-114.4246,34.6171],[-114.4217,34.6135],[-114.4211,34.6099],[-114.4232,34.6076],[-114.4265,34.6053],[-114.4298,34.6034],[-114.4331,34.601],[-114.4338,34.6],[-114.4347,34.5987],[-114.434,34.596],[-114.431,34.5925],[-114.4253,34.5885],[-114.4135,34.5812],[-114.4093,34.5781],[-114.4055,34.5754],[-114.4029,34.572],[-114.4001,34.5674],[-114.3963,34.5613],[-114.3937,34.5569],[-114.3896,34.5524],[-114.3872,34.5468],[-114.3827,34.5398],[-114.3789,34.5304],[-114.377,34.5227],[-114.3765,34.5145],[-114.3786,34.5049],[-114.3789,34.5037],[-114.3814,34.492],[-114.3814,34.4856],[-114.3815,34.4831],[-114.3819,34.4761],[-114.3843,34.4689],[-114.3849,34.4639],[-114.383,34.4588],[-114.3783,34.4536],[-114.3723,34.4511],[-114.3665,34.4513],[-114.3655,34.4513],[-114.3582,34.4531],[-114.3571,34.4533],[-114.346,34.4556],[-114.3399,34.4557],[-114.3354,34.4544],[-114.3325,34.4522],[-114.3301,34.4477],[-114.3274,34.4445],[-114.3234,34.4416],[-114.3226,34.4411],[-114.3183,34.4392],[-114.3103,34.4359],[-114.3035,34.4324],[-114.2974,34.4287],[-114.2943,34.4248],[-114.2913,34.4197],[-114.2896,34.4145],[-114.2869,34.4104],[-114.2832,34.408],[-114.2782,34.4074],[-114.2727,34.4071],[-114.266,34.4063],[-114.2609,34.4037],[-114.2558,34.3995],[-114.2517,34.3965],[-114.2442,34.3899],[-114.2425,34.3886],[-114.2358,34.3832],[-114.2311,34.376],[-114.2281,34.3728],[-114.2265,34.3713],[-114.2225,34.3685],[-114.2217,34.3681],[-114.2173,34.367],[-114.2163,34.3667],[-114.2092,34.3646],[-114.2001,34.363],[-114.1993,34.3627],[-114.1906,34.36],[-114.1845,34.3585],[-114.1802,34.356],[-114.177,34.3521],[-114.173,34.347],[-114.1685,34.3411],[-114.1668,34.3391],[-114.1637,34.3355],[-114.1568,34.3293],[-114.1517,34.3251],[-114.1449,34.3186],[-114.1414,34.3127],[-114.1378,34.3081],[-114.1373,34.3051],[-114.1366,34.3012],[-114.1363,34.2979],[-114.136,34.2944],[-114.1336,34.2888],[-114.134,34.2824],[-114.1332,34.2779],[-114.1317,34.2751],[-114.1302,34.2711],[-114.1295,34.2672],[-114.1306,34.2652],[-114.1339,34.2638],[-114.1381,34.264],[-114.143,34.2646],[-114.1469,34.2644],[-114.1511,34.2639],[-114.1556,34.2638],[-114.1586,34.2631],[-114.1594,34.2629],[-114.1611,34.2619],[-114.1612,34.2597],[-114.1612,34.2587],[-114.1626,34.2564],[-114.1642,34.2546],[-114.1661,34.2534],[-114.1686,34.2527],[-114.1713,34.2508],[-114.174,34.2476],[-114.1756,34.2453],[-114.1783,34.2425],[-114.1874,34.2348],[-114.198,34.2262],[-114.206,34.2188],[-114.2112,34.2152],[-114.2129,34.2145],[-114.2135,34.214],[-114.2174,34.2112],[-114.2207,34.209],[-114.2227,34.2069],[-114.2232,34.2042],[-114.2242,34.2006],[-114.2239,34.1973],[-114.2248,34.1948],[-114.2259,34.1929],[-114.2284,34.1912],[-114.2292,34.191],[-114.2327,34.19],[-114.2374,34.187],[-114.2405,34.1854],[-114.2421,34.1842],[-114.245,34.1819],[-114.2521,34.1784],[-114.2569,34.1775],[-114.2642,34.1764],[-114.2688,34.1755],[-114.2698,34.1755],[-114.2748,34.1757],[-114.2793,34.1762],[-114.2815,34.1758],[-114.285,34.1742],[-114.2886,34.1727],[-114.2942,34.1678],[-114.3004,34.1601],[-114.3087,34.152],[-114.3164,34.1455],[-114.3226,34.1415],[-114.3307,34.1394],[-114.3385,34.1379],[-114.3453,34.1383],[-114.3503,34.1369],[-114.3518,34.1355],[-114.3523,34.1349],[-114.3556,34.1314],[-114.3592,34.1274],[-114.3648,34.1229],[-114.3708,34.1207],[-114.3791,34.1186],[-114.384,34.1162],[-114.3895,34.1147],[-114.3947,34.1149],[-114.3985,34.1154],[-114.3995,34.1156],[-114.4018,34.1158],[-114.4041,34.1152],[-114.41,34.1134],[-114.4149,34.1096],[-114.4188,34.1063],[-114.423,34.1008],[-114.4273,34.0962],[-114.4298,34.0928],[-114.4326,34.0879],[-114.4331,34.0856],[-114.447,34.0849],[-114.4698,34.0845],[-114.5054,34.0842],[-114.5415,34.0839],[-114.5593,34.0838],[-114.6637,34.0836],[-114.6809,34.0834],[-114.787,34.0828],[-114.8225,34.0833],[-114.8637,34.0827],[-114.9436,34.0831],[-114.9791,34.0832],[-114.9969,34.0834],[-115.094,34.084],[-115.1229,34.0837],[-115.1928,34.084],[-115.193,34.0813],[-115.2107,34.0815],[-115.2979,34.0811],[-115.3157,34.0813],[-115.3162,34.0708],[-115.3152,34.038],[-115.3674,34.0381],[-115.4578,34.0381],[-115.4761,34.0383],[-115.526,34.0382],[-115.5605,34.0375],[-115.5954,34.0373],[-115.6315,34.0376],[-115.6659,34.037],[-115.6842,34.0367],[-115.7718,34.0372],[-115.7902,34.0369],[-115.8207,34.037],[-115.8761,34.0369],[-115.8773,34.0369],[-115.8955,34.0371],[-115.9316,34.0368],[-115.9755,34.0363],[-115.9832,34.0366],[-116.0009,34.0367],[-116.0375,34.0373],[-116.0681,34.0364],[-116.1391,34.0367],[-116.159,34.0368],[-116.2045,34.0367],[-116.2123,34.0369],[-116.2611,34.0369],[-116.301,34.0367],[-116.3006,34.033],[-116.3532,34.0345],[-116.4581,34.0336],[-116.4753,34.0341],[-116.493,34.0341],[-116.5113,34.0341],[-116.5285,34.0332],[-116.5462,34.0337],[-116.564,34.0332],[-116.5817,34.0332],[-116.6156,34.0336],[-116.717,34.0338],[-116.8251,34.0354],[-116.8556,34.0357],[-116.9299,34.0346],[-116.9303,34.0051],[-117.2269,34.0045],[-117.227,34.0186],[-117.3767,34.0191],[-117.3774,34.0328],[-117.5598,34.0328],[-117.5592,33.9887],[-117.6117,33.9718],[-117.6112,33.9254],[-117.6566,33.9244],[-117.6564,33.888],[-117.6757,33.8887],[-117.6687,33.8809],[-117.6744,33.8737],[-117.7,33.8909],[-117.7306,33.9073],[-117.7851,33.9454],[-117.7852,33.9455],[-117.7851,33.9455],[-117.7943,33.9533],[-117.7946,33.9675],[-117.804,33.9681],[-117.8037,33.9711],[-117.8033,33.9762],[-117.7942,33.9908],[-117.793,33.9928],[-117.7866,34.0032],[-117.772,34.0041],[-117.7694,34.0043],[-117.7693,34.0084],[-117.7707,34.0221],[-117.7607,34.0229],[-117.7513,34.0223],[-117.733,34.0211],[-117.7299,34.0382],[-117.7087,34.0893],[-117.6968,34.125],[-117.6837,34.1644],[-117.6731,34.1969],[-117.6675,34.2141],[-117.6499,34.2761],[-117.6474,34.2875],[-117.648,34.3043],[-117.6559,34.3967],[-117.6563,34.4049],[-117.662,34.4477],[-117.6638,34.5581],[-117.6693,34.5591],[-117.6695,34.6463],[-117.6697,34.6574],[-117.6698,34.6608],[-117.6699,34.6664],[-117.6702,34.6903],[-117.6699,34.7044],[-117.6704,34.7776],[-117.6704,34.8221],[-117.6519,34.8227],[-117.6351,34.8233],[-117.6357,34.985],[-117.6361,35.015],[-117.6357,35.0295],[-117.6356,35.0581],[-117.6358,35.0727],[-117.636,35.0872],[-117.6352,35.0981],[-117.6329,35.098],[-117.6331,35.1126],[-117.6333,35.1271],[-117.6336,35.1417],[-117.6338,35.1562],[-117.6334,35.1707],[-117.6336,35.1861],[-117.6338,35.2011],[-117.634,35.2157],[-117.6342,35.2302],[-117.6339,35.2447],[-117.6341,35.2588],[-117.6343,35.2742],[-117.6345,35.2874],[-117.6341,35.3028],[-117.6343,35.3174],[-117.6351,35.3319],[-117.6353,35.3464],[-117.6352,35.3755],[-117.6346,35.4472],[-117.6351,35.5639],[-117.6356,35.5666],[-117.6352,35.5807],[-117.6354,35.6233],[-117.6353,35.6487],[-117.6166,35.6493],[-117.6176,35.6775],[-117.6527,35.6776],[-117.6537,35.7085],[-117.6355,35.7086],[-117.6362,35.7958],[-117.4224,35.7945],[-117.4162,35.7944],[-117.4031,35.7946],[-117.3844,35.7948],[-117.3685,35.7945],[-117.3504,35.7946],[-117.259,35.7947],[-117.0917,35.7946],[-116.9453,35.7957],[-116.9357,35.7959],[-116.9232,35.7961],[-116.6071,35.7965],[-116.6021,35.7964],[-116.5346,35.7956],[-116.5068,35.7954],[-116.4444,35.7943],[-116.3588,35.7929],[-116.3474,35.7931],[-116.3389,35.7929],[-116.2952,35.793],[-116.2765,35.793],[-116.2549,35.7933],[-116.2095,35.7934],[-116.1891,35.7938],[-116.1766,35.7939],[-116.1221,35.7946],[-116.0795,35.7952],[-116.0619,35.7952],[-116.0353,35.7953],[-115.8968,35.7952],[-115.8786,35.7952],[-115.8605,35.7951],[-115.8423,35.7954],[-115.7975,35.7949],[-115.7532,35.7953],[-115.7362,35.7953],[-115.7359,35.8116],[-115.7013,35.8114],[-115.6513,35.8111]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"San Bernardino\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Dennis A. daclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Dennis","email":"daclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pimental, Maria I.","contributorId":67912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimental","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307 mtland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":1479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","email":"mtland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radyk, John C.","contributorId":14847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radyk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":24669,"text":"ofr00250 - 2000 - Method for estimating pesticide use for county areas of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T08:23:15","indexId":"ofr00250","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000–0250","displayTitle":"Method for Estimating Pesticide Use for County Areas of the Conterminous United States","title":"Method for estimating pesticide use for county areas of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the amount and distribution of pesticide compounds used throughout the United States is essential to evaluate the relation between water quality and pesticide use. This information is the basis of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program studies of the effects of pesticides on water quality in 57 major hydrologic systems, or study units, located throughout the conterminous United States. To support these studies, a method was devised to estimate county pesticide use for the conterminous United States by combining (1) state-level information on pesticide use rates available from the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, and (2) county-level information on harvested crop acreage from the Census of Agriculture. The average annual pesticide use, the total amount of pesticides applied (in pounds), and the corresponding area treated (in acres) were compiled for the 208 pesticide compounds that are applied to crops in the conterminous United States. Pesticide use was ranked by compound and crop on the basis of the amount of each compound applied to 86 selected crops. Tabular summaries of pesticide use for NAWQA study units and for the Nation were prepared, along with maps that show the distribution of selected pesticides to agricultural land.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00250","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Thelin, G.P., and Gianessi, L.P., 2000, Method for estimating pesticide use for county areas of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000–0250, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00250.","productDescription":"67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275125,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0250/ofr20000250.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2000-0250"},{"id":157733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0250/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:gs-w_nawqa_whq@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:gs-w_nawqa_whq@usgs.gov\">National Water-Quality Assessment Program</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>413 National Center<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, Virginia 20192<br><a href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/\" data-mce-href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/\">https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>The National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy’s State Pesticide Use Database</li><li>Method For Estimating County Pesticide Use</li><li>Limitations of the County Pesticide Use Data for Water-Quality Assessment</li><li>Summaries of Pesticide Use</li><li>The National Water-Quality Assessment’s Study Unit Summaries</li><li>Map Displays of Pesticide Use Data</li><li>Summary</li><li>References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thelin, Gail P.","contributorId":75178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gianessi, Leonard P.","contributorId":73641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gianessi","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29571,"text":"wri004210 - 2000 - Reconnaissance of the hydrology, water quality, and sources of bacterial and nutrient contamination in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T21:36:47.936357","indexId":"wri004210","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4210","title":"Reconnaissance of the hydrology, water quality, and sources of bacterial and nutrient contamination in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance investigation of hydrology and water quality was conducted to evaluate possible sources of bacteria and nutrient contamination in the Cave Springs Branch basin and the underlying karstic Ozark Plateau aquifer system. Objectives were to: (1) determine the directions of ground-water flow in the basin and determine whether Cave Springs Branch interacts with ground water, (2) compare water quality in Cave Springs Branch with water quality in nearby wells to determine whether the stream is contaminating nearby wells, and (3) determine sources of fecal coliform bacteria and nitrate contamination in Cave Springs Branch and ground water. Potential sources of bacteria and nitrate in the area include cultivated agriculture, cow and horse on pasture, poultry production, households, and wildlife. Presence of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcal bacteria directly indicate fecal contamination and the potential for the presence of other pathogenic organisms in a water supply. Nitrate in drinking water poses health risks and may indicate the presence of additional contaminants. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nFecal coliform bacteria colony counts were least in wells, intermediate in the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall and Honey Creek above the confluence with Cave Springs Branch, and greatest in Cave Springs Branch. Bacteria strains and resistance to antibiotics by some bacteria indicate that livestock may have been sources of some bacteria in the water samples. Multiple antibiotic resistances were not present in the isolates from the water samples, indicating that the bacteria may not be from human or poultry sources. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRibotyping indicates that Escherichia coli bacteria in water samples from the basin were from bird, cow, horse, dog, deer, and human sources. The presence of multiple ribotypes from each type of animal source except bird indicates that most of the bacteria are from multiple populations of source animals. Identifiable sources of bacteria in Cave Springs Branch at the state line were dominantly cow and horse with one ribotype from bird. Escherichia coli was detected in only one well sample. Bacterial ribotypes in water from that upgradient well indicated human and dog feces as sources for bacteria, and that on site wastewater treatment may not always be adequate in these highly permeable soils. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nGreater concentrations of nitrate in Cave Springs Branch and O'Brien Spring relative to the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall may be due, in part, to conversion of ammonia from poultry processing plant wastewater. The poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall sample collected in March 2000 contained greater concentrations of ammonia and total organic nitrogen plus ammonia than the spring, stream, and well samples collected during August 1999. Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek contributed approximately equal loads of nitrogen to Honey Creek below the confluence and the greatest loads of nitrogen were introduced to Cave Springs Branch by the poultry processing plant wastewater outfall and O'Brien Spring. Nitrate concentrations in upgradient well samples ranged from 0.38 to 4.60 milligrams per liter, indicating that there are sources of ground-water nitrogen other than Cave Springs Branch, such as animal waste, fertilizer, or human waste. Nitrogen compounds in water from wells downgradient of Cave Springs Branch may be from Cave Springs Branch, fertilizers, animal waste, or human waste.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004210","usgsCitation":"Schlottmann, J.L., Tanner, R., and Samadpour, M., 2000, Reconnaissance of the hydrology, water quality, and sources of bacterial and nutrient contamination in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4210, v, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004210.","productDescription":"v, 67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2389,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004210/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410583,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34790.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Delaware County","otherGeospatial":"Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Ozark Plateaus aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.7,\n              36.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7,\n              36.517\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.567,\n              36.517\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.567,\n              36.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7,\n              36.583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f95c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlottmann, Jamie L.","contributorId":8830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlottmann","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Ralph S.","contributorId":57112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Ralph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samadpour, Mansour","contributorId":104947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samadpour","given":"Mansour","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6745,"text":"fs15900 - 2000 - Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T06:29:05","indexId":"fs15900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"159-00","title":"Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","docAbstract":"<p>The Mogollon Highlands of east central Arizona is a region of forested plateau and mountains, deep, sheerwalled canyons, and desert valleys. Known for its scenic beauty and characterized by a generally mild climate, the area, though still sparsely populated, attracts an increasing number of tourists and summer residents. Furthermore, the permanent population is expected to nearly double over the next 50 years. Consequently, there is increased pressure on the water resources of this area for several sometimes conflicting uses. Rational management of water resources is necessary to meet increased domestic requirements while ensuring an adequate supply of water for commercial and agricultural use, for Indian lands, and for preservation of valued environmental elements, including surface waters, riparian woodlands, forest and grassland areas, and wildlife and aquatic habitat. Such management requires an understanding of the relations among different components of the hydrologic system—recharge areas, surface flows, shallow aquifers, deep aquifers, discharge areas, and the regional ground-water flow system—and how each is affected by geology, climate, topography, and human use.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an assessment of the hydrogeology of the Mogollon Highlands in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources. The study, funded through the State’s Rural Watershed Initiative program, is one of three assessments being conducted by the USGS. Assessments also are underway in the Upper-Middle Verde River watershed and on the Coconino Plateau. Each study has as its objectives: (1) the collection, compilation, and evaluation of all existing geologic, hydrologic, and related data pertaining to the study area and the creation of a data base that is readily accessible to the public and (2) developing an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework, which is the relation between geologic and hydrologic properties, that can be used for water-- resources management purposes and that will support the development of an interpretive and predictive model to estimate the effects of climate and water use on the sustainability of regional water resources.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Although the three contiguous areas in north-central Arizona are being studied separately, a single data base is being constructed from which data on each area can be extracted separately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15900","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.T., and Flynn, M., 2000, Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 159-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15900.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287718,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0159-00/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mogollon Highlands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0042,33.5048 ], [ -112.0042,35.0008 ], [ -110.2488,35.0008 ], [ -110.2488,33.5048 ], [ -112.0042,33.5048 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21732,"text":"ofr00471 - 2000 - Digital data sets for map products produced as part of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr00471","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-471","title":"Digital data sets for map products produced as part of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, western South Dakota","docAbstract":"This compact disk contains digital data produced as part of the 1:100,000-scale map products for the Black Hills Hydrology Study conducted in western South Dakota. The digital data include 28 individual Geographic Information System (GIS) data sets: data sets for the hydrogeologic unit map including all mapped hydrogeologic units within the study area (1 data set) and major geologic structure including anticlines and synclines (1 data set); data sets for potentiometric maps including the potentiometric contours for the Inyan Kara, Minnekahta, Minnelusa, Madison, and Deadwood aquifers (5 data sets), wells used as control points for each aquifer (5 data sets), and springs used as control points for the potentiometric contours (1 data set); and data sets for the structure-contour maps including the structure contours for the top of each formation that contains major aquifers (5 data sets), wells and tests holes used as control points for each formation (5 data sets), and surficial deposits (alluvium and terrace deposits) that directly overlie each of the major aquifer outcrops (5 data sets). These data sets were used to produce the maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00471","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Williamson, J., Jarrell, G., Clawges, R.M., Galloway, J.M., and Carter, J.M., 2000, Digital data sets for map products produced as part of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, western South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-471, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00471.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1173,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr00-471/ofr00471.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d4f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrell, Gregory J.","contributorId":27899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrell","given":"Gregory J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clawges, Rick M.","contributorId":71583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":21947,"text":"ofr00385 - 2000 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of selected herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:54:26","indexId":"ofr00385","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-385","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of selected herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the extraction and analysis of eight herbicides and five degradation products using solid-phase extraction from natural water samples followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is presented in this report. This method was developed for dimethenamid; flufenacet; fluometuron and its degradation products, demethylfluometuron (DMFM), 3-(trifluromethyl)phenylurea (TFMPU), 3-(trifluromethyl)-aniline (TFMA); molinate; norflurazon and its degradation product, demethylnorflurazon; pendamethalin; the degradation product of prometryn, deisopropylprometryn; propanil; and trifluralin. The eight herbicides are used primarily in the southern United States where cotton, rice, and soybeans are produced. The exceptions are dimethenamid and flufenacet, which are used on corn in the Midwest. \rWater samples received by the U.S. Geological Survey's Organic Geochemistry Research Group in Lawrence, Kansas, are filtered to remove suspended particulate matter and then passed through disposable solid-phase extraction columns containing octadecyl-bonded porous silica (C-18) to extract the compounds. The herbicides and their degradation products are removed from the column by ethyl acetate elution. The eluate is evaporated under nitrogen, and components then are separated, identified, and quantified by injecting an aliquot of the concentrated extract into a high-resolution, fused-silica capillary column of a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer under selected-ion mode. \rMethod detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 ?g/L for all compounds with the exception of TFMPU, which has a method detection limit of 0.32 ?g/L. The mean absolute recovery is 107 percent. This method for the determination of herbicides and their degradation products is valuable for acquiring information about water quality and compound fate and transport in water. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00385","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kish, J., Thurman, E., Scribner, E., and Zimmerman, L., 2000, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of selected herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-385, iv, 13 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00385.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0385/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1292,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00385","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7659,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/ofr.00-385.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51422,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kish, J.L.","contributorId":97937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scribner, E.A.","contributorId":50925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22656,"text":"ofr00333 - 2000 - Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr00333","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-333","title":"Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","docAbstract":"An integrated forecast-control system was designed to allow the profitable use of ensemble forecasts for the operational management of multi-purpose reservoirs. The system ingests large-scale climate model monthly precipitation through the adjustment of the marginal distribution of reservoir-catchment precipitation to reflect occurrence of monthly climate precipitation amounts in the extreme terciles of their distribution. Generation of ensemble reservoir inflow forecasts is then accomplished with due account for atmospheric- forcing and hydrologic- model uncertainties. These ensemble forecasts are ingested by the decision component of the integrated system, which generates non- inferior trade-off surfaces and, given management preferences, estimates of reservoir- management benefits over given periods. In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation and the California Nevada River Forecast Center, the integrated system is applied to Folsom Lake in California to evaluate the benefits for flood control, hydroelectric energy production, and low flow augmentation. In addition to retrospective studies involving the historical period 1964-1993, system simulations were performed for the future period 2001-2030, under a control (constant future greenhouse-gas concentrations assumed at the present levels) and a greenhouse-gas- increase (1-% per annum increase assumed) scenario. The present paper presents and validates ensemble 30-day reservoir- inflow forecasts under a variety of situations. Corresponding reservoir management results are presented in Yao and Georgakakos, A., this issue. Principle conclusions of this paper are that the integrated system provides reliable ensemble inflow volume forecasts at the 5-% confidence level for the majority of the deciles of forecast frequency, and that the use of climate model simulations is beneficial mainly during high flow periods. It is also found that, for future periods with potential sharp climatic increases of precipitation amount and to maintain good reliability levels, operational ensemble inflow forecasting should involve atmospheric forcing from appropriate climatic periods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00333","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, T.M., and Georgakakos, K.P., 2000, Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-333, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00333.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1419,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-333/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6693a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Theresa M.","contributorId":34772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Georgakakos, Konstantine P.","contributorId":56676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Konstantine","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22592,"text":"ofr00332 - 2000 - An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr00332","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-332","title":"An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes","docAbstract":"Past assessments of climate change on U.S. agriculture have mostly focused on changes in crop yield. Few studies have included the entire conterminous U.S., and few studies have assessed changing irrigation requirements. None have included the effects of changing soil moisture characteristics as determined by changing climatic forcing. This study assesses changes in irrigation requirements and crop yields for five crops in the areas of the U.S. where they have traditionally been grown. Physiologically-based crop models are used to incorporate inputs of climate, soils, agricultural management, and drought stress tolerance. Soil moisture values from a macroscale hydrologic model run under a future climate scenario are used to initialize soil moisture content at the beginning of each growing season. Historical crop yield data is used to calibrate model parameters and determine locally acceptable drought stress as a management parameter. Changes in irrigation demand and crop yield are assessed for both means and extremes by comparing results for atmospheric forcing close to the present climate with those for a future climate scenario. Assessments using the Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis General Circulation Model (CGCM1) indicate greater irrigation demands in the southern U.S. and decreased irrigation demands in the northern and western U.S. Crop yields typically increase except for winter wheat in the southern U.S. and corn. Variability in both irrigation demands and crop yields increases in most cases. Assessment results for the CGCM1 climate scenario are compared to those for the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research GCM (HadCM2) scenario for southwestern Georgia. The comparison shows significant differences in irrigation and yield trends, both in magnitude and direction. The differences reflect the high forecast uncertainty of current GCMs. Nonetheless, both GCMs indicate higher variability in future climatic forcing and, consequently, in the response of agricultural systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00332","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brumbelow, K., and Georgakakos, A.P., 2000, An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-332, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00332.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-332/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbelow, Kelly","contributorId":6089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbelow","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23178,"text":"ofr00334 - 2000 - Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr00334","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-334","title":"Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins","docAbstract":"The work described herein aims to assess the impacts of potential climate change on the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) and Alabama-Coosa-Talapoosa (ACT) river basins in the Southeastern US. The assessment addresses the potential impacts on watershed hydrology (soil moisture and streamflow) and on major water uses including water supply, drought management, hydropower, environmental and ecological protection, recreation, and navigation. This investigation develops new methods, establishes and uses an integrated modeling framework, and reaches several important conclusions that bear upon river basin planning and management. Although the specific impacts vary significantly with the choice of the GCM scenario, some general conclusions are that (1) soil moisture and streamflow variability is expected to increase, and (2) flexible and adaptive water sharing agreements, management strategies, and institutional processes are best suited to cope with the uncertainty associated with future climate scenarios.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00334","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Georgakakos, A.P., and Yao, H., 2000, Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-334, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00334.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1314,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-334/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de1e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yao, Huaming","contributorId":25592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Huaming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31183,"text":"ofr00445 - 2000 - Selected hydrologic and water-quality data, 1997 through 1999, for the Lake Traverse Reservation/Roberts County water-resources investigation in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"ofr00445","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-445","title":"Selected hydrologic and water-quality data, 1997 through 1999, for the Lake Traverse Reservation/Roberts County water-resources investigation in South Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00445","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.F., 2000, Selected hydrologic and water-quality data, 1997 through 1999, for the Lake Traverse Reservation/Roberts County water-resources investigation in South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-445, ix, 304 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00445.","productDescription":"ix, 304 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0445/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59698,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0445/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8d3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, R. F.","contributorId":67115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23469,"text":"ofr00506 - 2000 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:32:55.643478","indexId":"ofr00506","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-506","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"In April 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established 211 gravity stations in the Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat area of west-central Nevada (see figure 1). The stations were located about 15 miles north of Reno, Nevada, southwest of Dogskin Mountain, and east of Petersen Mountain, concentrated in Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat (figure 2). The ranges in this area primarily consist of normal-faulted Cretaceous granitic rocks, with some volcanic and metavolcanic rocks.\n\nThe purpose of the survey was to characterize the hydrogeologic framework of Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat in support of future hydrologic investigations. The information developed during this study can be used in groundwater models.\n\nGravity data were collected between latitude 39°37.5' and 40°00' N and longitude 119°37.5' and 120°00' W. The stations were located on the Seven Lakes Mountain, Dogskin Mountain, Granite Peak, Bedell Flat, Fraser Flat, and Reno NE 7.5 minute quadrangles. All data were tied to secondary base station RENO-A located on the campus of the University of Nevada at Reno (UNR) in Reno, Nevada (latitude 39°32.30' N, longitude 119°48.70' W, observed gravity value 979674.69 mGal). The value for observed gravity was calculated by multiple ties to the base station RENO (latitude 39°32.30' N, longitude 119°48.70' W, observed gravity value 979674.65 mGal), also on the UNR campus. The isostatic gravity map (figure 3) includes additional data sets from the following sources: 202 stations from a Geological Survey digital data set (Ponce, 1997), and 126 stations from Thomas C. Carpenter (written commun., 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00506","usgsCitation":"Jewel, E.B., Ponce, D.A., and Morin, R.L., 2000, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-506, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00506.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/pdf/of00-506.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34762.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley, Bedell Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.625,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.625,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              39.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jewel, Eleanore B.","contributorId":91787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewel","given":"Eleanore","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28184,"text":"wri004132 - 2000 - Benthic flux of metals and nutrients into the water column of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho: Report of an August, 1999, pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-27T21:55:59.402929","indexId":"wri004132","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4132","title":"Benthic flux of metals and nutrients into the water column of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho: Report of an August, 1999, pilot study","docAbstract":"A field study was conducted between August 16-27, 1999, to provide the first direct measurements of the benthic flux of dissolved (0.2-micron filtered) solutes between the bottom sediment and water column at two sites in Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Trace metals (namely, cadmium, copper, manganese, mercury species, and zinc) and nutrients (namely, ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite, oxygen, orthophosphate and silica) were solutes of primary interest. Benthic flux (sometimes referred to as internal recycling) represents the transport of dissolved chemical species between the water column and the underlying sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004132","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Berelson, W.M., Balistrieri, L.S., Woods, P.F., Topping, B.R., Steding, D.J., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2000, Benthic flux of metals and nutrients into the water column of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho: Report of an August, 1999, pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4132, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004132.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34283.htm"},{"id":2319,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004132","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Coeur d'Alene","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.81625366210938,\n              47.68018294648414\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.707763671875,\n              47.66538735632654\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.64596557617188,\n              47.635783590864854\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.64321899414062,\n              47.61079236060622\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.7572021484375,\n              47.61264397257417\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.7681884765625,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75170898437501,\n              47.54038252373696\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8231201171875,\n              47.484728927366504\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.77780151367186,\n              47.4828727909934\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75857543945312,\n              47.4828727909934\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75445556640625,\n              47.45223707184017\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.70639038085938,\n              47.40764414848437\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.67892456054688,\n              47.35836223484991\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.69540405273438,\n              47.33789206010502\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.77230834960938,\n              47.34905859411952\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.78741455078125,\n              47.37975438400816\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.79153442382812,\n              47.41322033016902\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.88079833984375,\n              47.462450962249356\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.94671630859375,\n              47.45687999525879\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.94259643554688,\n              47.47823216312885\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90826416015625,\n              47.51349065484327\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.87667846679689,\n              47.516273211681984\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.82861328125001,\n              47.58486290927609\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8780517578125,\n              47.592272635166125\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8780517578125,\n              47.61264397257417\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.83135986328125,\n              47.61819841513311\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.80938720703124,\n              47.62190104905555\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.82861328125001,\n              47.65613798222679\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.83959960937499,\n              47.67186094318796\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.81625366210938,\n              47.68018294648414\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berelson, William M.","contributorId":52614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berelson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steding, Douglas J.","contributorId":50943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steding","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":23947,"text":"ofr00485 - 2000 - Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:09:25","indexId":"ofr00485","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-485","title":"Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"An aquifer test conducted in a sand and gravel, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts was analyzed by means of a model for flow to a partially penetrating well in a homogeneous, anisotropic unconfined aquifer. The model is designed to account for all significant mechanisms expected to influence drawdown in observation piezometers and in the pumped well. In addition to the usual fluid-flow and storage processes, additional processes include effects of storage in the pumped well, storage in observation piezometers, effects of skin at the pumped-well screen, and effects of drainage from the zone above the water table. The aquifer was pumped at a rate of 320 gallons per minute for 72-hours and drawdown measurements were made in the pumped well and in 20 piezometers located at various distances from the pumped well and depths below the land surface. To facilitate the analysis, an automatic parameter estimation algorithm was used to obtain relevant unconfined aquifer parameters, including the saturated thickness and a set of empirical parameters that relate to gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone. \rDrainage from the unsaturated zone is treated in this paper as a finite series of exponential terms, each of which contains one empirical parameter that is to be determined. It was necessary to account for effects of gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone to obtain satisfactory agreement between measured and simulated drawdown, particularly in piezometers located near the water table. The commonly used assumption of instantaneous drainage from the unsaturated zone gives rise to large discrepancies between measured and predicted drawdown in the intermediate-time range and can result in inaccurate estimates of aquifer parameters when automatic parameter estimation procedures are used. \rThe values of the estimated hydraulic parameters are consistent with estimates from prior studies and from what is known about the aquifer at the site. Effects of heterogeneity at the site were small as measured drawdowns in all piezometers and wells were very close to the simulated values for a homogeneous porous medium. The estimated values are: specific yield, 0.26; saturated thickness, 170 feet; horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 0.23 feet per minute; vertical hydraulic conductivity, 0.14 feet per minute; and specific storage, 1.3x10-5 per foot. \rIt was found that drawdown in only a few piezometers strategically located at depth near the pumped well yielded parameter estimates close to the estimates obtained for the entire data set analyzed simultaneously. If the influence of gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone is not taken into account, specific yield is significantly underestimated even in these deep-seated piezometers. This helps to explain the low values of specific yield often reported for granular aquifers in the literature. If either the entire data set or only the drawdown in selected deep-seated piezometers was used, it was found unnecessary to conduct the test for the full 72-hours to obtain accurate estimates of the hydraulic parameters. For some piezometer groups, practically identical results would be obtained for an aquifer test conducted for only 8-hours. Drawdowns measured in the pumped well and piezometers at distant locations were diagnostic only of aquifer transmissivity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00485","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2000, Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-485, 132 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00485.","productDescription":"132 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr00-485/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.873046875,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.873046875,\n              42.09007006868398\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              42.09007006868398\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30506,"text":"wri004220 - 2000 - Water-quality characteristics for selected streams in Lawrence County, South Dakota, 1988-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri004220","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4220","title":"Water-quality characteristics for selected streams in Lawrence County, South Dakota, 1988-92","docAbstract":"During the 1980?s, significant economic development and population growth began to occur in Lawrence County in the northern part of the Black Hills of western South Dakota. Rising gold prices and heap-leach extraction methods allowed the economic recovery of marginal gold ore deposits, resulting in development of several large-scale, open-pit gold mines in Lawrence County. There was increasing local concern regarding potential impacts on the hydrologic system, especially relating to the quantity and quality of water in the numerous streams and springs of Lawrence County. In order to characterize the water quality of selected streams within Lawrence County, samples were collected from 1988 through 1992 at different times of the year and under variable hydrologic conditions. During the time of this study, the Black Hills area was experiencing a drought; thus, most samples were collected during low-flow conditions.Streamflow and water-quality characteristics in Lawrence County are affected by both geologic conditions and precipitation patterns. Most streams that cross outcrops of the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation lose all or large part of their streamflow to aquifer recharge. Streams that are predominantly spring fed have relatively stable streamflow, varying slightly with dry and wet precipitation cycles.Most streams in Lawrence County generally have calcium magnesium bicarbonate type waters. The sites from the mineralized area of central Lawrence County vary slightly from other streams in Lawrence County by having higher concentrations of sodium, less bicarbonate, and more sulfate. False Bottom Creek near Central City has more sulfate than bicarbonate. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and cyanide concentrations were at or near the laboratory reporting limits for most sites and did not exceed any of the water-quality standards. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations at Annie Creek near Lead, Whitetail Creek at Lead, Squaw Creek near Spearfish, and Spearfish Creek below Robison Gulch were somewhat higher than at other sites. Mining activity, agricultural activity, and domestic development are possible sources of nitrogen to the streams. Increased mining activities were identified as the probable cause of increased nitrogen concentrations in Annie Creek.In the mineralized area of the northern Black Hills, detectable concentrations of trace elements are common in stream water, occasionally exceeding beneficial-use and aquatic-life criteria. In addition, many basins have been disturbed by both historical and recent mining operations and cleanup activities. The maximum dissolved arsenic concentration at Annie Creek near Lead (48 micrograms per liter) approached the current arsenic drinking-water standard. Concentrations at or greater than 5 micrograms per liter were found in samples from Annie Creek near Lead, Spearfish Creek above Spearfish, Whitetail Creek at Lead, and False Bottom Creek near Spearfish. Bear Butte Creek near Deadwood had one sample with a dissolved copper concentration that exceeded acute and chronic aquatic-life criteria. Bear Butte Creek near Deadwood had several manganese concentrations that exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level of 50 micrograms per liter.Bed-sediment and water-quality data from selected sites in small drainage basins were used to determine if factors such as pH, arsenic concentrations in bed sediments, and calcite saturation control dissolved arsenic concentrations. Arsenic solubility is controlled by adsorption, mainly on ferrihydrite. In addition, adsorption/desorption of arsenic is controlled by the pH of the stream, with high arsenic concentrations appearing only at higher pH conditions (above 8). There are significant arsenic sources available to almost all the small streams of the northern Black Hills mining area, but arsenic is less mobile in streams that are not influenced to the higher pH values by calcite. Streams where arsenic is more mobile have lower iron concentrations i","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004220","usgsCitation":"Williamson, J., and Hayes, T., 2000, Water-quality characteristics for selected streams in Lawrence County, South Dakota, 1988-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4220, v, 131 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004220.","productDescription":"v, 131 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2400,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004220","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb03e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Timothy Scott","contributorId":97151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27983,"text":"wri004219 - 2000 - Monthly variability and possible sources of nitrate in ground water beneath mixed agricultural land use, Suwannee and Lafayette Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:24:51","indexId":"wri004219","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4219","title":"Monthly variability and possible sources of nitrate in ground water beneath mixed agricultural land use, Suwannee and Lafayette Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"In an area of mixed agricultural land use in Suwannee and Lafayette Counties of northern Florida, water samples were collected monthly from 14 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 1998 through June 1999 to assess hydrologic and land-use factors affecting the variability in nitrate concentrations in ground water. Unusually high amounts of rainfall in September and October 1998 (43.5 centimeters total for both months) resulted in an increase in water levels in all wells in October 1998. This was followed by unusually low amounts of rainfall during November 1998 through May 1999, when rainfall was 40.7 centimeters below 30-year mean monthly values. The presence of karst features (sinkholes, springs, solution conduits) and the highly permeable sands that overlie the Upper Floridan aquifer provide for rapid movement of water containing elevated nitrate concentrations to the aquifer. Nitrate was the dominant form of nitrogen in ground water collected at all sites and nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.02 to 22 milligrams per liter (mg/L), as nitrogen. Water samples from most wells showed substantial monthly or seasonal fluctuations in nitrate concentrations. Generally, water samples from wells with nitrate concentrations higher than 10 mg/L showed the greatest amount of monthly fluctuation. For example, water samples from six of eight wells had monthly nitrate concentrations that varied by at least 5 mg/L during the study period. Water from most wells with lower nitrate concentrations (less than 6 mg/L) also showed large monthly fluctuations. For instance, nitrate concentrations in water from four sites showed monthly variations of more than 50 percent. Large fluctuations in nitrate concentrations likely result from seasonal agricultural practices (fertilizer application and animal waste spreading) at a particular site. For example, an increase in nitrate concentrations observed in water samples from seven sites in February or March 1999 most likely results from application of synthetic fertilizers during the late winter months. Lower nitrate concentrations were detected in water samples from five of eight wells sampled during high-flow conditions for the Suwannee River in March 1998 compared to low-flow conditions in November 1998. Evidence for reduction of nitrate due to denitrification reactions was observed at one site (AC-1), as indicated by elevated concentrations of nitrogen gas and a corresponding increase in nitrogen isotope (d15N-NO3) values with a decrease in nitrate concentrations. Denitrification is unlikely at other sites based on the presence of dissolved oxygen concentrations greater than 2 mg/L in ground water and no observed trend between nitrate concentrations and values d15N-NO3 values. Nitrate was the dominant nitrogen species in most monthly rainfall samples; however, ammonium concentrations were similar or greater than nitrate during November and December 1998. During February through May 1999, both nitrate and ammonium concentrations were substantially higher in monthly rainfall samples collected at the study area compared to mean monthly concentrations at the Bradford Forest site located east of the study area, which is part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network. Also, higher nitrogen deposition rates in the study area compared to those at Bradford Forest could indicate that substantial amounts of ammonia are volatilized from fertilizers and animal wastes, released to the atmosphere, and incorporated as nitrate and ammonium in rainfall deposited in the middle Suwannee River Basin. Ground-water samples from most sites had d15N-NO3 values that indicated a mixture of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen, which corresponded to multiple land uses where both synthetic fertilizers and manure are used on fields near these sites. Distinct d15N-NO3 signatures, however, were observed at some sites. For example, water samples from areas of row-crop farmin","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004219","usgsCitation":"Katz, B.G., and Böhlke, J., 2000, Monthly variability and possible sources of nitrate in ground water beneath mixed agricultural land use, Suwannee and Lafayette Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4219, iv, 28 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004219.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Suwannee County, Lafayette County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.8803,29.8868],[-82.8772,29.8858],[-82.8751,29.8808],[-82.8774,29.8716],[-82.8758,29.8666],[-82.878,29.862],[-82.8887,29.8498],[-82.8938,29.826],[-82.9038,29.8243],[-82.9107,29.8207],[-82.9185,29.8239],[-82.9206,29.8244],[-82.9427,29.8242],[-82.9553,29.8243],[-82.9553,29.8252],[-82.9811,29.825],[-83.0011,29.8252],[-83.1889,29.8235],[-83.2352,29.823],[-83.2562,29.8231],[-83.2804,29.8228],[-83.3135,29.8226],[-83.3193,29.8226],[-83.3346,29.8227],[-83.353,29.8223],[-83.3529,29.8311],[-83.353,29.8878],[-83.3714,29.8879],[-83.3708,29.8957],[-83.3708,29.9012],[-83.3706,29.9209],[-83.3705,29.9452],[-83.3702,29.9836],[-83.3703,30.0331],[-83.3697,30.0422],[-83.368,30.1969],[-83.3668,30.2147],[-83.3671,30.2413],[-83.367,30.2605],[-83.3553,30.2604],[-83.3046,30.2606],[-83.2501,30.2602],[-83.2396,30.2602],[-83.2369,30.262],[-83.2405,30.267],[-83.2314,30.2853],[-83.2335,30.2908],[-83.2302,30.2971],[-83.2249,30.3021],[-83.2132,30.3066],[-83.21,30.3116],[-83.2147,30.319],[-83.2146,30.3227],[-83.2082,30.3299],[-83.2108,30.3359],[-83.2134,30.3446],[-83.2096,30.3501],[-83.2043,30.3509],[-83.1985,30.3482],[-83.19,30.3517],[-83.1942,30.3573],[-83.192,30.365],[-83.193,30.3696],[-83.1919,30.3751],[-83.178,30.3841],[-83.1711,30.3855],[-83.1658,30.3914],[-83.1663,30.3946],[-83.1636,30.4023],[-83.1588,30.405],[-83.1598,30.4114],[-83.1538,30.4183],[-83.1475,30.42],[-83.1427,30.4241],[-83.1395,30.425],[-83.1342,30.4218],[-83.1283,30.429],[-83.1155,30.4331],[-83.1023,30.4352],[-83.0874,30.4374],[-83.08,30.4415],[-83.0753,30.4309],[-83.0706,30.4263],[-83.0562,30.4303],[-83.0398,30.4315],[-83.0276,30.43],[-83.0145,30.423],[-83.0081,30.4239],[-83.0043,30.4298],[-82.9995,30.4302],[-82.9879,30.4274],[-82.98,30.4214],[-82.9716,30.4208],[-82.9616,30.4157],[-82.9516,30.4106],[-82.9453,30.4028],[-82.9379,30.4008],[-82.9327,30.3953],[-82.928,30.3907],[-82.9164,30.3874],[-82.9085,30.3832],[-82.9032,30.3854],[-82.8973,30.3885],[-82.8899,30.3857],[-82.89,30.3807],[-82.8906,30.3725],[-82.8748,30.3664],[-82.8686,30.3613],[-82.8606,30.3594],[-82.8533,30.3547],[-82.8502,30.3469],[-82.8429,30.3432],[-82.836,30.3435],[-82.8291,30.3467],[-82.8238,30.3434],[-82.8175,30.3411],[-82.8101,30.3392],[-82.8053,30.3437],[-82.7984,30.3422],[-82.7948,30.3367],[-82.7944,30.0781],[-82.7941,29.9861],[-82.7852,29.9865],[-82.782,29.9865],[-82.7783,29.9864],[-82.7641,29.9867],[-82.7604,29.9867],[-82.7594,29.9798],[-82.759,29.9752],[-82.7623,29.9647],[-82.7735,29.9589],[-82.7792,29.9585],[-82.783,29.9549],[-82.7856,29.9549],[-82.7899,29.9481],[-82.7894,29.9467],[-82.7921,29.9444],[-82.7916,29.9422],[-82.7991,29.9363],[-82.8007,29.9322],[-82.8096,29.9318],[-82.8187,29.9255],[-82.8273,29.916],[-82.8347,29.9128],[-82.8473,29.9134],[-82.8579,29.9122],[-82.8642,29.9081],[-82.867,29.8985],[-82.8729,29.8927],[-82.8803,29.8868]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lafayette\",\"state\":\"FL\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30864,"text":"wri004094 - 2000 - Application of nonlinear least-squares regression to ground-water flow modeling, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"wri004094","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4094","title":"Application of nonlinear least-squares regression to ground-water flow modeling, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"A nonlinear least-squares regression technique for estimation of ground-water flow model parameters was applied to an existing model of the regional aquifer system underlying west-central Florida. The regression technique minimizes the differences between measured and simulated water levels. Regression statistics, including parameter sensitivities and correlations, were calculated for reported parameter values in the existing model. Optimal parameter values for selected hydrologic variables of interest are estimated by nonlinear regression. Optimal estimates of parameter values are about 140 times greater than and about 0.01 times less than reported values. Independently estimating all parameters by nonlinear regression was impossible, given the existing zonation structure and number of observations, because of parameter insensitivity and correlation. Although the model yields parameter values similar to those estimated by other methods and reproduces the measured water levels reasonably accurately, a simpler parameter structure should be considered. Some possible ways of improving model calibration are to: (1) modify the defined parameter-zonation structure by omitting and/or combining parameters to be estimated; (2) carefully eliminate observation data based on evidence that they are likely to be biased; (3) collect additional water-level data; (4) assign values to insensitive parameters, and (5) estimate the most sensitive parameters first, then, using the optimized values for these parameters, estimate the entire data set. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004094","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., 2000, Application of nonlinear least-squares regression to ground-water flow modeling, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4094, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004094.","productDescription":"58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2739,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25419,"text":"wri004123 - 2000 - Comparison of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in samples from monitoring and public-supply wells, Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T19:27:10.018363","indexId":"wri004123","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4123","title":"Comparison of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in samples from monitoring and public-supply wells, Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"The number and total concentration of\r\nvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) per\r\nsample were significantly greater in water from\r\npublic-supply wells than in water from shallow\r\nand moderate-depth monitoring wells in the\r\nsurficial Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in\r\nthe Glassboro area of southern New Jersey. In\r\ncontrast, concentrations of nitrate (as nitrogen)\r\nand the number and total concentration of\r\npesticides per sample were statistically similar\r\nin samples from shallow and moderate-depth\r\nmonitoring wells and those from public-supply\r\nwells.\r\nVOCs in ground water typically are\r\nderived from point sources, which commonly\r\nexist in urban areas and which result in\r\nspatially variable contaminant concentrations\r\nnear the water table. Because larger volumes of\r\nwater are withdrawn from public-supply wells\r\nthan from monitoring wells, their contributing\r\nareas are larger and, therefore, they are more\r\nlikely to intercept water flowing from VOC\r\npoint sources. Additionally, public-supply\r\nwells intercept flow paths that span a large\r\ntemporal interval. Public-supply wells in the\r\nGlassboro study area withdraw water flowing\r\nalong short paths, which contains VOCs that\r\nrecently entered the aquifer system, and water\r\nflowing along relatively long paths, which\r\ncontains VOCs that originated from the\r\ndegradation of parent compounds or that are\r\nassociated with past land uses. Because the\r\nvolume of water withdrawn from monitoring\r\nwells is small and because shallow monitoring\r\nwells are screened near the water table, they\r\ngenerally intercept only relatively short flow\r\npaths. Therefore, samples from these wells\r\nrepresent relatively recent, discrete time\r\nintervals and contain both fewer VOCs and a\r\nlower total VOC concentration than samples\r\nfrom public-supply wells.\r\nNitrate and pesticides in ground water\r\ntypically are derived from nonpoint sources,\r\nwhich commonly are found in both agricultural\r\nand urban areas and typically result in lowlevel,\r\nrelatively uniform concentrations near\r\nthe water table. Because nonpoint sources are\r\ndiffuse and because processes such as\r\ndegradation or sorption/dispersion do not occur\r\nat rates sufficient to prevent detection of these\r\nconstituents in parts of the aquifer used for\r\ndomestic and public supply in the study area,\r\nconcentrations of nitrate and pesticides and\r\nnumbers of pesticide compounds are likely to\r\nbe similar in samples from shallow monitoring\r\nwells and samples from public-supply wells.\r\nResults of a comparison of (1) the general\r\ncharacteristics of, and water-quality data from,\r\npublic-supply wells in the Glassboro study area\r\nto available data from public-supply wells\r\nscreened in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer\r\nsystem outside the study area, and (2) land-use\r\nsettings, soil characteristics, and aquifer\r\nproperties in and outside the study area indicate\r\nthat the findings of this study likely are\r\napplicable to the entire extent of the Kirkwood-\r\nCohansey aquifer system in southern New\r\nJersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004123","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Kauffman, L.J., Baehr, A.L., and Ayers, M.A., 2000, Comparison of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in samples from monitoring and public-supply wells, Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4123, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004123.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4123/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":1806,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4123/wri004123.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00-4123"},{"id":400776,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34825.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.307,\n              39.442\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849,\n              39.442\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849,\n              39.843\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.307,\n              39.843\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.307,\n              39.442\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae44d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayers, M. A.","contributorId":41417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26424,"text":"wri004227 - 2000 - Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri004227","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4227","title":"Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"The present-day channels of the Chena River and Noyes Slough in downtown Fairbanks, Alaska, were formed as sloughs of the Tanana River, and part of the flow of the Tanana River occupied these waterways. Flow in these channels was reduced after the completion of Moose Creek Dike in 1945, and flow in the Chena River was affected by regulation from the Chena River Lakes Flood Control Project, which was completed in 1980. In 1981, flow in the Chena River was regulated for the first time by Moose Creek Dam, located about 20 miles upstream from Fairbanks. Constructed as part of the Chena River Lakes Flood Control Project, the dam was designed to reduce maximum flows to 12,000 cubic feet per second in downtown Fairbanks. Cross-section measurements made near the entrance to Noyes Slough show that the channel bed of the Chena River has been downcutting, thereby reducing the magnitude and duration of flow in the slough. Consequently the slough slowly is drying up. The slough provides habitat for wildlife such as ducks, beaver, and muskrat and is a fishery for anadromous and other resident species. Beavers have built 10 dams in the slough. Declining flow in the slough may endanger the remaining habitat. Residents of the community wish to restore flow in Noyes Slough to create a clean, flowing waterway during normal summer flows. The desire is to enhance the slough as a fishery and habitat for other wildlife and for recreational boating. During this study, existing and new data were compiled to determine past and present hydraulic interaction between the Chena River and Noyes Slough. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HECRAS) computer program was used to construct a model to use in evaluating alternatives for increasing flow in the slough. Under present conditions, the Chena must flow at about 2,400 cubic feet per second or more for flow to enter Noyes Slough. In an average year, water flows in Noyes Slough for 106 days during the open-water season, and maximum flow is about 1,050 cubic feet per second. The model was used to test a single method of increasing flow in Noyes Slough. A modified channel 40 feet wide and about 2 feet deeper within the existing slough channel was simulated by changing the cross-section geometry in the HECRAS model. The resulting model showed that flow in such a modified slough channel would begin at a flow of about 830 cubic feet per second in the Chena River and would increase to a maximum flow of about 1,440 cubic feet per second. In an average year, flow would continue for 158 days during the open-water season. Theoretically, enlarging the slough channel by lowering its bed could increase flow, but other solutions are possible. Possible obstacles to excavating the channel, such as bridges and utility crossings, and the destruction of desirable features such as beaver dams were not considered in the study. Further engineering and economic analyses would be  needed to assess the cost of excavation and future maintenance of the modified channel. A computer-modeling program such as HECRAS may provide a means for testing other solutions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004227","usgsCitation":"Burrows, R.L., Langley, D.E., and Evetts, D.M., 2000, Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4227, iv, 32 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004227.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2052,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004227","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64960a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burrows, Robert L.","contributorId":79473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrows","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langley, Dustin E.","contributorId":91904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evetts, David M. devetts@usgs.gov","contributorId":5097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evetts","given":"David","email":"devetts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25591,"text":"wri004192 - 2000 - Hydrologic conditions and distribution of selected constituents in water, Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1996 through 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri004192","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4192","title":"Hydrologic conditions and distribution of selected constituents in water, Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1996 through 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004192","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Tucker, B., Davis, L., and Greene, M., 2000, Hydrologic conditions and distribution of selected constituents in water, Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1996 through 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4192, vi, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004192.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95543,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4192/report.pdf","size":"8899","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4192/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, B.J.","contributorId":42230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, L.C.","contributorId":82291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, M.R.","contributorId":96723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}