Assessing climate-related ecological changes across spatiotemporal scales meaningful to resource managers is challenging because no one method reliably produces essential data at both fine and broad scales. We recently confronted such challenges while integrating data from ground- and satellite-based sensors for an assessment of four wetland-rich study areas in the U.S. Midwest. We examined relations between temperature and precipitation and a set of variables measured on the ground at individual wetlands and another set measured via satellite sensors within surrounding 4 km2 landscape blocks. At the block scale, we used evapotranspiration and vegetation greenness as remotely sensed proxies for water availability and to estimate seasonal photosynthetic activity. We used sensors on the ground to coincidentally measure surface-water availability and amphibian calling activity at individual wetlands within blocks. Responses of landscape blocks generally paralleled changes in conditions measured on the ground, but the latter were more dynamic, and changes in ecological conditions on the ground that were critical for biota were not always apparent in measurements of related parameters in blocks. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of decisions and assumptions we made in applying the remotely sensed data for the assessment and the value of integrating observations across scales, sensors, and disciplines.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s18030880","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., Sadinski, W.J., Brown, J.F., Senay, G., and Roth, M.F., 2018, Challenges in complementing data from ground-based sensors with satellite-derived products to measure ecological changes in relation to climate – lessons from temperate wetland-upland landscapes: Sensors, v. 18, no. 3, p. 1-38, https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030880.","productDescription":"Article 880; 38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-094477","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QF8S3H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data files supporting the paper titled "Complementing data from ground-based sensors with satellite-derived products to measure ecological changes in relation to climate lessons from temperate wetland-upland landscapes""},{"id":352650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fce4b0da30c1bfc012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sadinski, Walter J. wsadinski@usgs.gov","contributorId":3287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadinski","given":"Walter","email":"wsadinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":152206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","email":"senay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roth, Mark F. 0000-0001-5095-1865 mroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-1865","contributorId":3286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Mark","email":"mroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196104,"text":"70196104 - 2018 - Spatial and temporal variation in sources of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains using nitrogen isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T09:03:28","indexId":"70196104","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in sources of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains using nitrogen isotopes","docAbstract":"Variation in source areas and source types of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to high-elevation ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains were evaluated using spatially and temporally distributed N isotope data from atmospheric deposition networks for 1995-2016. This unique dataset links N in wet deposition and snowpack to mobile and stationary emissions sources, and enhances understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic activities and environmental policies that mitigate effects of accelerated N cycling across the Rocky Mountain region. δ15N−NO3− at 50 U.S. Geological Survey Rocky Mountain Snowpack (Snowpack) sites ranged from −3.3‰ to +6.5‰, with a mean value of +1.4‰. At 15 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network wet deposition (NADP Wetfall) sites, summer δ15N−NO3− is significantly lower ranging from −7.6‰ to −1.3‰ while winter δ15N−NO3− ranges from −2.6‰ to +5.5‰, with a mean value of +0.7‰ during the cool season. The strong seasonal difference in NADP Wetfall δ15N−NO3− is due in part to variation in the proportion of N originating from source regions at different times of the year due to seasonal changes in weather patterns. Snowpack NO3− and δ15N−NO3− are significantly related to NADP Wetfall (fall and winter) suggesting that bulk snowpack samples provide a reliable estimate at high elevations. Spatial trends show higher NO3−concentrations and δ15N−NO3− in the Southern Rocky Mountains located near larger anthropogenic N emission sources compared to the Northern Rocky Mountains. NADP Wetfall δ15N−NH4+ ranged from −10‰ to 0‰, with no observed spatial pattern. However, the lowest δ15N−NH4+(−9‰), and the highest NH4+ concentration (35 μeq/L) were observed at a Utah site dominated by local agricultural activities, whereas the higher δ15N−NH4+observed in Colorado and Wyoming are likely due to mixed sources, including fossil fuel combustion and agricultural sources. These findings show spatial and seasonal variation in N isotope data that reflect differences in sources of anthropogenic N deposition to high-elevation ecosystems and have important implications for environmental policy across the Rocky Mountain region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.12.023","usgsCitation":"Nanus, L., Campbell, D.H., Lehmann, C.M., and Mast, M.A., 2018, Spatial and temporal variation in sources of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains using nitrogen isotopes: Atmospheric Environment, v. 176, p. 110-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.12.023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"119","ipdsId":"IP-088572","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.12.023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"176","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fbe4b0da30c1bfc010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nanus, Leora","contributorId":27930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"Leora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":731366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lehmann, Christopher M.B.","contributorId":84859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehmann","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191483,"text":"sir20175088 - 2018 - Hydrologic assessment of the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T16:50:38","indexId":"sir20175088","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-19T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5088","title":"Hydrologic assessment of the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"The Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge (hereafter Forsythe refuge or the refuge) is situated along the central New Jersey coast and provides a mixture of freshwater and saltwater habitats for numerous bird, wildlife, and plant species. Little data and information were previously available regarding the freshwater dynamics that support the refuge’s ecosystems. In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted an assessment of the hydrologic resources and processes in the refuge and surrounding areas to provide baseline information for evaluating restoration projects and future changes in the hydrologic system associated with climate change and other anthropogenic stressors.
During spring 2015, water levels were measured at groundwater and surface-water sites in and near the Forsythe refuge. These water-level measurements, along with surface-water elevations obtained from digital elevation models, were used to construct water-table-elevation and depth-to-water maps of the refuge and surrounding areas. Water-table elevations in the refuge ranged from sea level to approximately 65 feet above sea level; in most of the refuge, the water-table elevation was within 3 feet of sea level. The water-table-elevation map indicates that the direction of shallow groundwater flow at the regional scale is generally from west to east (much of it from the northwest to the southeast), and groundwater moves downgradient from the uplands toward major groundwater discharge areas consisting of coastal streams and wetlands. The depth to water is estimated to be less than 2 feet for approximately 86 percent of the refuge, which coincides closely with the percentage of wetland area in the refuge. Depth to water in excess of 20 feet below land surface is limited to higher elevation areas of the refuge.
Streamflow data collected at continuous-record streamgages and partial-record stations within the Mullica-Toms Basin were summarized. Hydrograph separation of streamflow data for eight streamgages (2004–13) reveals that base flow accounts for 68–94 percent of streamflow in basins upstream from the refuge. The high base-flow inputs underscore the importance of groundwater as a source of freshwater that supports both the streams that flow into the refuge and the hydroecology of the contributing basins. Mean annual flow typically ranged from 1.7 to 2.1 cubic feet per second per square mile at the streamgages (2004–13) and between 1.2 and 2.3 cubic feet per second per square mile at the partial-record stations (1965–2015) but was notably greater or lower than these ranges at several stations.
Mean annual water budgets were estimated for multiple regions of the refuge for 2004–13 using data compiled from nearby meteorological stations and groundwater flows derived from previously calibrated groundwater-flow models. Precipitation, groundwater recharge, and evapotranspiration were estimated from available data; direct runoff was calculated as the residual component of the water balance. Groundwater recharge rates were greatest in the upland-dominated areas of the refuge with estimates of 14.4 to 18.9 inches per year, which are equivalent to 30 to 40 percent of precipitation. Groundwater recharge rates were nearly zero in the central coastal areas because these areas are major groundwater discharge zones, the water table is near land surface, the subsurface is close to saturation and cannot accept much recharge, and much of the area is underlain by thick marsh deposits likely with low permeability. Estimates of evapotranspiration varied from about 26 inches per year in the upland-dominated areas to more than 35 inches per year in the coastal wetlands, equivalent to 55–79 percent of mean annual precipitation, indicating that it is a major component of the hydrodynamics of the Forsythe refuge.
On the basis of output from previously calibrated groundwater-flow models, nearly all of the groundwater exiting the surficial aquifer system in the central coastal areas of the refuge is discharged to wetlands, which highlights the importance of groundwater discharge in supporting the ecosystems of the Forsythe refuge. In the central coastal areas, horizontal flow contributes more than 90 percent of the groundwater flow to the surficial system, indicating that the upbasin areas are a substantial source of water that ultimately discharges to streams and wetlands in the refuge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Wieben, C.M., and Chepiga, M.M., 2018, Hydrologic assessment of the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5088, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175088.\n","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; 2 Plates: 24.0 x 36.0 inches; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079840","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5088/sir20175088.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5088"},{"id":352410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5088/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78G8JMN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-table elevation contours and depth-to-water grid for the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, and vicinity, spring 2015"},{"id":352535,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5088/sir20175088_plate02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"4.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Water-Table Elevation in and near the Southern Part of the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, Spring 2015"},{"id":352426,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175135","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5135","linkHelpText":"- Hydrogeology of, Simulation of Groundwater Flow in, and Potential Effects of Sea-Level Rise on the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System in the Vicinity of Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey"},{"id":352534,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5088/sir20175088_plate01.pdf","text":"Plate 1 ","size":"12.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Water-Table Elevation in and near the Northern Part of the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, Spring 2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74,\n 39.4167\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -74.5,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -74.5,\n 39.4167\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 39.4167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
The Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge encompasses more than 47,000 acres of New Jersey coastal habitats, including salt marshes, freshwater wetlands, tidal wetlands, barrier beaches, woodlands, and swamps. The refuge is along the Atlantic Flyway and provides breeding habitat for fish, migratory birds, and other wildlife species. The refuge area may be threatened by global climate change, including sea-level rise (SLR).
The Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system underlies the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge. Groundwater is an important source of freshwater flow into the refuge, but information about the interaction of surface water and groundwater in the refuge area and the potential effects of SLR on the underlying aquifer system is limited. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), conducted a hydrologic assessment of the refuge in New Jersey and developed a groundwater flow model to improve understanding of the geohydrology of the refuge area and to serve as a tool to evaluate changes in groundwater-level altitudes that may result from a rise in sea level.
Groundwater flow simulations completed for this study include a calibrated baseline simulation that represents 2005–15 hydraulic conditions and three SLR scenarios―20, 40, and 60 centimeters (cm) (0.656, 1.312, and 1.968 feet, respectively). Results of the three SLR simulations indicate that the water table in the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the refuge area will rise, resulting in increased discharge of fresh groundwater to freshwater wetlands and streams. As sea level rises, simulated groundwater discharge to the salt marsh, bay, and ocean is projected to decrease. Flow from the salt marsh, bay, and ocean to the overlying surface water is projected to increase as sea level rises.
The simulated movement of the freshwater-seawater interface as sea level rises depends on the hydraulic-head gradient. In the center of the Forsythe model area, topographic relief is 23 feet (ft) and the hydraulic-head gradient is 0.0033. In the center of the Forsythe model area, the simulated interface moved inland about 600 ft and downward about 15 ft from the baseline simulation to scenario 3 as a result of a SLR of 60 cm. In the southern part of the Forsythe model area, the topography is flatter (relief of 8 ft) and the hydraulic-head gradient is smaller (0.001). In the southern part of the Forsythe model study area, the simulated interface in this area is projected to move inland about 200 ft from the baseline simulation to scenario 3 and does not move downward.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Fiore, A.R., Voronin, L.M., and Wieben, C.M., 2018, Hydrogeology of, simulation of groundwater flow in, and potential effects of sea-level rise on the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the vicinity of Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5135, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175135.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 59 p.; Data releases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074587","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352424,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76W98JB","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-2005 model used to evaluate the potential effects of sea-level rise on the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the vicinity of Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey"},{"id":352423,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JH3KBD","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw ground-penetrating radar data, Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, 2014–15"},{"id":352422,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5135/sir20175135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5135"},{"id":352421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352425,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175088","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5088","linkHelpText":"- Hydrologic Assessment of the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.67,\n 39.33\n ],\n [\n -73.67,\n 39.33\n ],\n [\n -73.67,\n 40.09067983779908\n ],\n [\n -74.67,\n 40.09067983779908\n ],\n [\n -74.67,\n 39.33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
Late-winter lake ice regimes are controlled by water depth relative to maximum ice thickness (MIT). When MIT exceeds maximum water depth, lakes freeze to the bottom with bedfast ice (BI) and when MIT is less than maximum water depth lakes have floating ice (FI). Both airborne radar and space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery (Ku-, X-, C-, and L-band) have been used previously to determine whether lakes have a BI or FI regime in a given year, across a number of years, or across large regions. In this study, we use a combination of ERS-1/2, RADARSAT-2, Envisat, and Sentinel-1 SAR imagery for seven lake-rich regions in Arctic Alaska to analyze lake ice regime extents and dynamics over a 25-year period (1992–2016). Our interactive threshold classification method determines a unique statistic-based intensity threshold for each SAR scene, allowing for the comparison of classification results from C-band SAR data acquired with different polarizations and incidence angles. Additionally, our novel method accommodates declining signal strength in aging extended-mission satellite SAR instruments. Comparison of SAR ice regime classifications with extensive field measurements from six years yielded a 93% accuracy. Significant declines in BI regimes were only observed in the Fish Creek area with 3% of lakes exhibiting transitional ice regimes—lakes that switch from BI to FI during this 25-year period. This analysis suggests that the potential conversion from BI to FI regimes is primarily a function of lake depth distributions in addition to regional differences in climate variability. Remote sensing of lake ice regimes with C-band SAR is a useful tool to monitor the associated thermal impacts on permafrost, since lake ice regimes can be used as a proxy for of sub-lake permafrost thaw, considered by the Global Climate Observing System as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV). Continued winter warming and variable snow conditions in the Arctic are expected and our long-term analysis provides a valuable baseline for predicting where potential future lake ice regimes shifts will be most pronounced.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.022","usgsCitation":"Engram, M., Arp, C.D., Jones, B.M., Ajadi, O.A., and Meyer, F.J., 2018, Analyzing floating and bedfast lake ice regimes across Arctic Alaska using 25 years of space-borne SAR imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 209, p. 660-676, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.022.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"676","ipdsId":"IP-090354","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.5263144061035,\n 71.43267111072981\n ],\n [\n -159.5263144061035,\n 68.42639425141334\n ],\n [\n -146.22562492863324,\n 68.42639425141334\n ],\n [\n -146.22562492863324,\n 71.43267111072981\n ],\n [\n -159.5263144061035,\n 71.43267111072981\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.58954484767287,\n 66.64438234906729\n ],\n [\n -166.61500668033133,\n 66.64438234906729\n ],\n [\n -166.61500668033133,\n 65.88496852258822\n ],\n [\n -163.58954484767287,\n 65.88496852258822\n ],\n [\n -163.58954484767287,\n 66.64438234906729\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"209","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engram, Melanie","contributorId":191062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engram","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ajadi, Olaniyi A","contributorId":298461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ajadi","given":"Olaniyi","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Franz J","contributorId":298463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Franz","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196080,"text":"ofr20181041 - 2018 - Pilot testing and protocol development of giant applesnail suppression at Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana—July–October 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T11:43:23","indexId":"ofr20181041","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1041","title":"Pilot testing and protocol development of giant applesnail suppression at Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana—July–October 2017","docAbstract":"This report provides an overview of the pilot study and description of the techniques developed for a future mitigation study of Pomacea maculata (giant applesnail) at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana (MNWR). Egg mass suppression is a potential strategy for the mitigation of the invasive giant applesnail. In previous studies at Langan Municipal Park in Mobile, Alabama (LMP), and National Park Service Jean Lafitte National Park-Barataria Unit, Louisiana (JLNP), we determined that spraying food-grade oil (coconut oil or Pam™ spray) on egg masses significantly reduced egg hatching. At JLNP we also developed methods to estimate snail population size. The purpose of this pilot study was to adapt techniques developed for previous studies to the circumstances of MNWR in preparation for a larger experiment whereby we will test the effectiveness of egg mass suppression as an applesnail mitigation tool. We selected four canals that will be used as treatment and control sites for the experiment (two each). We established that an efficient way to destroy egg masses is to knock them down with a high-velocity stream of water pumped directly from the canal. The traps used at JLNP had to be modified to accommodate the greater range of water-level fluctuation at MNWR. One of the three marking methods used at JLNP was selected for use at MNWR.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program","usgsCitation":"Carter, Jacoby, and Merino, Sergio, 2018, Pilot testing and protocol development of giant applesnail suppression at Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana—July–October 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018-1041, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181041.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-093234","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1041/ofr20181041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"903 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1041"},{"id":352640,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1041/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.84182739257812,\n 29.486378867043253\n ],\n [\n -90.76766967773438,\n 29.486378867043253\n ],\n [\n -90.76766967773438,\n 29.559422089438876\n ],\n [\n -90.84182739257812,\n 29.559422089438876\n ],\n [\n -90.84182739257812,\n 29.486378867043253\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506
The giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) is a state and federally threatened species precinctive to California. The range of the giant gartersnake has contracted in the last century because its wetland habitat has been drained for agriculture and development. As a result of this habitat alteration, giant gartersnakes now largely persist in and near rice agriculture in the Sacramento Valley, because the system of canals that conveys water for rice growing approximates historical wetland habitat. Many aspects of the demography of giant gartersnakes are unknown, including how individuals grow throughout their life, how size influences reproduction, and how survival varies over time and among populations. We studied giant gartersnakes throughout the Sacramento Valley of California from 1995 to 2016 using capture-mark-recapture to study the growth, reproduction, and survival of this threatened species. We then use these data to construct an Integral Projection Model, and analyze this demographic model to understand which vital rates contribute most to the growth rate of giant gartersnake populations. We find that giant gartersnakes exhibit indeterminate growth; growth slows as individuals’ age. Fecundity, probability of reproduction, and survival all increase with size, although survival may decline for the largest female giant gartersnakes. The population growth rate of giant gartersnakes is most influenced by the survival and growth of large adult females, and the size at which 1 year old recruits enter the population. Our results indicate that management actions benefitting these influential demographic parameters will have the greatest positive effect on giant gartersnake population growth rates, and therefore population persistence. This study informs the conservation and management of giant gartersnakes and their habitat, and illustrates the effectiveness of hierarchical Bayesian models for the study of rare and elusive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171164","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Rose, J.P., Ersan, J.S.M., Wylie, G.D., Casazza, M.L., and Halstead, B.J., 2018, Construction and analysis of a giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) population projection model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1164, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171164.","productDescription":"viii, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090465","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352644,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1164/ofr20171164.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1164"},{"id":352643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1164/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The magmatic degassing history of newly erupted volcanic glass is recorded in its remaining volatile content. However, this history is subsequently overprinted by post-depositional (secondary) hydration, the rates and origins of which are not yet adequately constrained. Here, we present the results of a natural experiment using products of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. We measured water concentration, δDglass, and δ18OBSG (δ18O of the bulk silicate glass) of samples collected during the dry summer months of 1980 and compared them with material resampled in 2015 from the same deposits. Samples collected from the subsurface near gas escape pipes show elevated water concentrations (near 2.0 wt%), and these are associated with lower δDglass (− 110 to − 130‰) and δ18OBSG (6.0 to 6.6‰) values than the 1980 glass (− 70 to − 100‰ and 6.8 to 6.9‰, respectively). Samples collected in 2015 from the surface to 10-cm subsurface of the 1980 summer deposits have a small increase in average water contents of 0.1–0.2 wt% but similar δ18OBSG (6.8–6.9‰) values compared to the 1980 glass values. These samples, however, show 15‰ higher δDglass values; exchange with meteoric water is expected to yield lower δDglass values. We attribute higher δDglass values in the upper portion of the 1980 deposits collected in 2015 to rehydration by higher δD waters that were degassed for several months to a year from the hot underlying deposits, which hydrated the overlying deposits with relatively high δD gases. Our data also contribute to magmatic degassing of crystal-rich volcanoes. Using the 1980 samples, our reconstructed δD-H2O trends for the dacitic Mount St. Helens deposits with rhyolitic groundmass yield a trend that overlaps with the degassing trend for crystal-poor rhyolitic eruptions studied previously elsewhere, suggesting similar behavior of volatiles upon exsolution from magma. Furthermore, our data support previous studies proposing that exsolved volatiles were trapped within a rapidly rising magma and started degassing only at shallow depths during the 1980 eruptions.
We investigated the fate of Sb and As downstream of the abandoned Su Suergiu mine (Sardinia, Italy) and surrounding areas. The mined area is a priority in the Sardinian remediation plan for contaminated sites due to the high concentrations of Sb and As in the mining-related wastes, which may impact the Flumendosa River that supplies water for agriculture and domestic uses. Hydrogeochemical surveys conducted from 2005 to 2015 produced time-series data and downstream profiles of water chemistry at 46 sites. Water was sampled at: springs and streams unaffected by mining; adits and streams in the mine area; drainage from the slag heaps; stream water downstream of the slag drainages; and the Flumendosa River downstream from the confluence of the contaminated waters. At specific sites, water sampling was repeated under different flow conditions, resulting in a total of 99 samples. The water samples were neutral to slightly alkaline. Elevated Sb (up to 30 mg L−1) and As (up to 16 mg L−1) concentrations were observed in water flowing from the slag materials from where the Sb ore was processed. These slag materials were the main Sb and As source at Su Suergiu. A strong base, Na-carbonate, from the foundry wastes, had a major influence on mobilizing Sb and As. Downstream contamination can be explained by considering that: (1) the predominant aqueous species, Sb(OH)6 − and HAsO4 −2, are not favored in sorption processes at the observed pH conditions; (2) precipitation of Sb- and As-bearing solid phases was not observed, which is consistent with modeling results indicating undersaturation; and (3) the main decrease in dissolved Sb and As concentrations was by dilution. Dissolved As concentrations in the Flumendosa River did not generally exceed the EU limit of 10 µg L−1, whereas dissolved Sb in the river downstream of the contamination source always exceeded the EU limit of 5 µg L−1. Recent actions aimed at retaining runoff from the slag heaps are apparently not sufficiently mitigating contamination in the Flumendosa River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-017-0479-8","usgsCitation":"Cidu, R., Dore, E., Biddau, R., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2018, Fate of antimony and arsenic in contaminated waters at the abandoned Su Suergiu mine (Sardinia, Italy): Mine Water and the Environment, v. 37, no. 1, p. 151-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-017-0479-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"165","ipdsId":"IP-071489","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Sardinia","otherGeospatial":"Su Suergiu mine","volume":"37","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fce4b0da30c1bfc020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cidu, Rosa","contributorId":194017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cidu","given":"Rosa","affiliations":[{"id":36605,"text":"University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dore, Elisabetta","contributorId":203363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dore","given":"Elisabetta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36605,"text":"University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biddau, Riccardo","contributorId":203362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biddau","given":"Riccardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36605,"text":"University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196088,"text":"70196088 - 2018 - Bioremediation in fractured rock: 1. Modeling to inform design, monitoring, and expectations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-17T17:45:14","indexId":"70196088","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioremediation in fractured rock: 1. Modeling to inform design, monitoring, and expectations","docAbstract":"Field characterization of a trichloroethene (TCE) source area in fractured mudstones produced a detailed understanding of the geology, contaminant distribution in fractures and the rock matrix, and hydraulic and transport properties. Groundwater flow and chemical transport modeling that synthesized the field characterization information proved critical for designing bioremediation of the source area. The planned bioremediation involved injecting emulsified vegetable oil and bacteria to enhance the naturally occurring biodegradation of TCE. The flow and transport modeling showed that injection will spread amendments widely over a zone of lower‐permeability fractures, with long residence times expected because of small velocities after injection and sorption of emulsified vegetable oil onto solids. Amendments transported out of this zone will be diluted by groundwater flux from other areas, limiting bioremediation effectiveness downgradient. At nearby pumping wells, further dilution is expected to make bioremediation effects undetectable in the pumped water. The results emphasize that in fracture‐dominated flow regimes, the extent of injected amendments cannot be conceptualized using simple homogeneous models of groundwater flow commonly adopted to design injections in unconsolidated porous media (e.g., radial diverging or dipole flow regimes). Instead, it is important to synthesize site characterization information using a groundwater flow model that includes discrete features representing high‐ and low‐permeability fractures. This type of model accounts for the highly heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity and groundwater fluxes in fractured‐rock aquifers, and facilitates designing injection strategies that target specific volumes of the aquifer and maximize the distribution of amendments over these volumes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12585","usgsCitation":"Tiedeman, C.R., Shapiro, A.M., Hsieh, P.A., Imbrigiotta, T.E., Goode, D.J., Lacombe, P., DeFlaun, M.F., Drew, S.R., Johnson, C.D., Williams, J., and Curtis, G.P., 2018, Bioremediation in fractured rock: 1. Modeling to inform design, monitoring, and expectations: Groundwater, v. 56, no. 2, p. 300-316, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12585.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"316","ipdsId":"IP-088879","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fce4b0da30c1bfc01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":193394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre 0000-0002-9596-7622 placombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-7622","contributorId":152113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeFlaun, Mary F.","contributorId":203177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeFlaun","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36571,"text":"Geosyntec Consultants","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Drew, Scott R.","contributorId":203178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drew","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36571,"text":"Geosyntec Consultants","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70196083,"text":"70196083 - 2018 - Calibration of a field-scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with field placement of best management practices in Alger Creek, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T13:40:10","indexId":"70196083","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3504,"text":"Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of a field-scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with field placement of best management practices in Alger Creek, Michigan","docAbstract":"Subwatersheds within the Great Lakes “Priority Watersheds” were targeted by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) to determine the effectiveness of the various best management practices (BMPs) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service National Conservation Planning (NCP) Database. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is created for Alger Creek, a 50 km2 tributary watershed to the Saginaw River in Michigan. Monthly calibration yielded very good Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) ratings for flow, sediment, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total nitrogen (TN) (0.90, 0.79, 0.87, 0.88, and 0.77, respectively), and satisfactory NSE rating for nitrate (0.51). Two-year validation results in at least satisfactory NSE ratings for flow, sediment, TP, DRP, and TN (0.83, 0.54, 0.73, 0.53, and 0.60, respectively), and unsatisfactory NSE rating for nitrate (0.28). The model estimates the effect of BMPs at the field and watershed scales. At the field-scale, the most effective single practice at reducing sediment, TP, and DRP is no-tillage followed by cover crops (CC); CC are the most effective single practice at reducing nitrate. The most effective BMP combinations include filter strips, which can have a sizable effect on reducing sediment and phosphorus loads. At the watershed scale, model results indicate current NCP BMPs result in minimal sediment and nutrient reductions (<10%).
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/su10030851","usgsCitation":"Merriman, K.R., Russell, A.M., Rachol, C.M., Daggupati, P., Srinivasan, R., Hayhurst, B.A., and Stuntebeck, T.D., 2018, Calibration of a field-scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with field placement of best management practices in Alger Creek, Michigan: Sustainability, v. 10, no. 3, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030851.","productDescription":"Article 851; 23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-092133","costCenters":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030851","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Alger Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.9167,\n 42.8333\n ],\n [\n -83.75,\n 42.8333\n ],\n [\n -83.75,\n 42.95\n ],\n [\n -83.9167,\n 42.95\n ],\n [\n -83.9167,\n 42.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fce4b0da30c1bfc022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriman, Katherine R. 0000-0002-1303-2410","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-2410","contributorId":203352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriman","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Amy M. 0000-0003-0582-0094 arussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-0094","contributorId":200011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Amy","email":"arussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rachol, Cynthia M. 0000-0001-9984-3435","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":203353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daggupati, Prasad 0000-0002-7044-3435","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-3435","contributorId":189193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daggupati","given":"Prasad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Srinivasan, Raghavan","contributorId":189191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srinivasan","given":"Raghavan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayhurst, Brett A. 0000-0002-1717-2015 bhayhurs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2015","contributorId":3398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayhurst","given":"Brett","email":"bhayhurs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216327,"text":"70216327 - 2018 - Capture versus capture zones: Clarifying terminology related to sources of water to wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T13:24:30.056454","indexId":"70216327","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-15T07:19:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture versus capture zones: Clarifying terminology related to sources of water to wells","docAbstract":"The term capture, related to the source of water derived from wells, has been used in two distinct yet related contexts by the hydrologic community. The first is a water‐budget context, in which capture refers to decreases in the rates of groundwater outflow and (or) increases in the rates of recharge along head‐dependent boundaries of an aquifer in response to pumping. The second is a transport context, in which capture zone refers to the specific flowpaths that define the three‐dimensional, volumetric portion of a groundwater flow field that discharges to a well. A closely related issue that has become associated with the source of water to wells is streamflow depletion, which refers to the reduction in streamflow caused by pumping, and is a type of capture. Rates of capture and streamflow depletion are calculated by use of water‐budget analyses, most often with groundwater‐flow models. Transport models, particularly particle‐tracking methods, are used to determine capture zones to wells. In general, however, transport methods are not useful for quantifying actual or potential streamflow depletion or other types of capture along aquifer boundaries. To clarify the sometimes subtle differences among these terms, we describe the processes and relations among capture, capture zones, and streamflow depletion, and provide proposed terminology to distinguish among them.
Partial-depth guide walls are used to improve passage efficiency and reduce the delay of out-migrating anadromous fish species by guiding fish to a bypass route (i.e. weir, pipe, sluice gate) that circumvents the turbine intakes, where survival is usually lower. Evaluation and monitoring studies, however, indicate a high propensity for some fish to pass underneath, rather than along, the guide walls, compromising their effectiveness. In the present study we evaluated a range of guide wall structures to identify where/if the flow field shifts from sweeping (i.e. flow direction primarily along the wall and towards the bypass) to downward-dominant. Many migratory fish species, particularly juveniles, are known to drift with the flow and/or exhibit rheotactic behaviour during their migration. When these behaviours are present, fish follow the path of the flow field. Hence, maintaining a strong sweeping velocity in relation to the downward velocity along a guide wall is essential to successful fish guidance. Nine experiments were conducted to measure the three-dimensional velocity components upstream of a scale model guide wall set at a wide range of depths and angles to flow. Results demonstrated how each guide wall configuration affected the three-dimensional velocity components, and hence the downward and sweeping velocity, along the full length of the guide wall. In general, the velocities produced in the scale model were sweeping dominant near the water surface and either downward dominant or close to the transitional depth near the bottom of the guide wall. The primary exception to this shift from sweeping do downward flow was for the minimum guide wall angle tested in this study (15°). At 15° the flow pattern was fully sweeping dominant for every cross-section, indicating that a guide wall with a relatively small angle may be more likely to produce conditions favorable to efficient guidance. A critical next step is to evaluate the behaviour of migratory fish as they approach and swim along a guide wall in a controlled laboratory environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.02.006","usgsCitation":"Mulligan, K., Towler, B., Haro, A.J., and Ahlfeld, D.P., 2018, Downstream fish passage guide walls: A hydraulic scale model analysis: Ecological Engineering, v. 115, p. 122-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.02.006.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"138","ipdsId":"IP-080365","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.02.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fde4b0da30c1bfc02c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulligan, Kevin B. 0000-0002-3534-4239 kmulligan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-4239","contributorId":177024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulligan","given":"Kevin","email":"kmulligan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Towler, Brett","contributorId":141164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towler","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haro, Alexander J. 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":2917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ahlfeld, David P.","contributorId":196530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahlfeld","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195496,"text":"sir20185027 - 2018 - Conceptual model to assess water use associated with the life cycle of unconventional oil and gas development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T06:18:31","indexId":"sir20185027","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5027","title":"Conceptual model to assess water use associated with the life cycle of unconventional oil and gas development","docAbstract":"As the demand for energy increases in the United States, so does the demand for water used to produce many forms of that energy. Technological advances, limited access to conventional oil and gas accumulations, and the rise of oil and gas prices resulted in increased development of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) accumulations. Unconventional oil and gas is developed using a method that combines directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques, allowing for greater oil and gas production from previously unrecoverable reservoirs. Quantification of the water resources required for UOG development and production is difficult because of disparate data sources, variable reporting requirements across boundaries (local, State, and national), and incomplete or proprietary datasets.
A topical study was started in 2015 under the U.S. Geological Survey’s Water Availability and Use Science Program, as part of the directive in the Secure Water Act for the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct a National Water Census, to better understand the relation between production of UOG resources for energy and the amount of water needed to produce and sustain this type of energy development in the United States. The Water Availability and Use Science Program goal for this topical study is to develop and apply a statistical model to better estimate the water use associated with UOG development, regardless of the location and target geologic formation. As a first step, a conceptual model has been developed to characterize the life cycle of water use in areas of UOG development.
Categories of water use and the way water-use data are collected might change over time; therefore, a generic approach was used in developing the conceptual model to allow for greater flexibility in adapting to future changes or newly available data. UOG development can be summarized into four stages: predrilling construction, drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and ongoing production. The water used in UOG production can be categorized further as direct, indirect, or ancillary water use. Direct water use is defined as the water used for drilling and hydraulic fracturing a well and for maintaining the well during ongoing production. Indirect water use is defined as the water used at or near a well pad. The water used for dust abatement also is considered an indirect use but may be applied away from the well pad. Ancillary water use is defined as the additional local or regional water use resulting from a change (for example, population) directly related to UOG development throughout the life cycle that is not used directly in the well or indirectly for any other purpose at the well pad.
The conceptual model presented in this report consists of five elements: (1) input data, (2) processes, (3) decisions, (4) output data, and (5) outcomes. The input data requirements for estimating water use associated with UOG development are somewhat onerous, and obtaining suitable datasets can be challenging because local, State, and Federal agencies do not collect data similarly. The quality of a water-use assessment that uses the conceptual model presented in this report is dependent on the quality and quantity of data that are available for a UOG play. The conceptual model can be used for an assessment with sparse data; however, having sparse data likely will result in greater uncertainty in the water-use estimates.
The conceptual model presented in this report is designed to be robust to characterize and simulate the data processing to estimate water use associated with UOG development. Although the results of an analysis that includes missing data have greater uncertainty, the analysis still can be insightful because it can establish a baseline estimate of UOG water use that may be refined further as more data become available. Analysis of models that include missing data also could aid in identifying the data most needed for future water-use estimates. Characterizing individual model limitations is important because the conceptual model can be used in future water-use studies to facilitate data compiling, data processing, estimating, and assessing UOG activities regardless of location.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185027","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Valder, J.F., McShane, R.R., Barnhart, T.B., Sando, R., Carter, J.M., and Lundgren, R.F., 2018, Conceptual model to assess water use associated with the life cycle of unconventional oil and gas development: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5027, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185027.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092881","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5027/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":352572,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5027/sir20185027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5027"},{"id":352573,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"Water Availability and Use Science Program"}],"contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center, South Dakota Office
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702
Effective monitoring and prediction of flood and drought events requires an improved understanding of how and why surface water expansion and contraction in response to climate varies across space. This paper sought to (1) quantify how interannual patterns of surface water expansion and contraction vary spatially across the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) and adjacent Northern Prairie (NP) in the United States, and (2) explore how landscape characteristics influence the relationship between climate inputs and surface water dynamics. Due to differences in glacial history, the PPR and NP show distinct patterns in regards to drainage development and wetland density, together providing a diversity of conditions to examine surface water dynamics. We used Landsat imagery to characterize variability in surface water extent across 11 Landsat path/rows representing the PPR and NP (images spanned 1985–2015). The PPR not only experienced a 2.6-fold greater surface water extent under median conditions relative to the NP, but also showed a 3.4-fold greater change in surface water extent between drought and deluge conditions. The relationship between surface water extent and accumulated water availability (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) was quantified per watershed and statistically related to variables representing hydrology-related landscape characteristics (e.g., infiltration capacity, surface storage capacity, stream density). To investigate the influence stream connectivity has on the rate at which surface water leaves a given location, we modeled stream-connected and stream-disconnected surface water separately. Stream-connected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with greater total wetland area, but lower total wetland density. Disconnected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with higher wetland density, lower infiltration and less anthropogenic drainage. From these findings, we can expect that shifts in precipitation and evaporative demand will have uneven effects on surface water quantity. Accurate predictions regarding the effect of climate change on surface water quantity will require consideration of hydrology-related landscape characteristics including wetland storage and arrangement.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-22-1851-2018","usgsCitation":"Vanderhoof, M.K., Lane, C., McManus, M.L., Alexander, L.C., and Christensen, J.R., 2018, Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 22, p. 1851-1873, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1851-2018.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1873","ipdsId":"IP-090618","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1851-2018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Regino","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 39.198205348894795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fde4b0da30c1bfc026","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderhoof, Melanie K. 0000-0002-0101-5533 mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-5533","contributorId":168395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhoof","given":"Melanie","email":"mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, Charles R.","contributorId":138991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McManus, Michael L.","contributorId":189612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McManus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, Laurie C.","contributorId":196285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Jay R.","contributorId":179361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70212303,"text":"70212303 - 2018 - Ceres internal structure from geophysical constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-14T15:51:27.162961","indexId":"70212303","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-14T10:49:49","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ceres internal structure from geophysical constraints","docAbstract":"Thermal evolution modeling has yielded a variety of interior structures for Ceres, ranging from a modestly differentiated interior to more advanced evolution with a dry silicate core, a hydrated silicate mantle, and a volatile‐rich crust. Here we compute the mass and hydrostatic flattening from more than one hundred billion three‐layer density models for Ceres and describe the characteristics of the population of density structures that are consistent with the Dawn observations. We show that the mass and hydrostatic flattening constraints from Ceres indicate the presence of a high‐density core with greater than a 1σ probability, but provide little constraint on the density, allowing for core compositions that range from hydrous and/or anhydrous silicates to a mixture of metal and silicates. The crustal densities are consistent with surface observations of salts, water ice, carbonates, and ammoniated clays, which indicate hydrothermal alteration, partial fractionation, and the possible settling of heavy sulfide and metallic particles, which provide a potential process for increasing mass with depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/maps.13063","usgsCitation":"King, S., Castillo-Rogez, J.C., Toplis, M.J., Bland, M.T., Raymond, C.A., and Russell, C.T., 2018, Ceres internal structure from geophysical constraints: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 53, no. 9, p. 1999-2007, https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13063.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1999","endPage":"2007","ipdsId":"IP-092685","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13063","text":"External Repository"},{"id":377531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ceres","volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, S.J.","contributorId":197182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castillo-Rogez, J. C.","contributorId":177375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castillo-Rogez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toplis, M. J.","contributorId":238461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toplis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":47711,"text":"University of Toulouse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bland, Michael T. 0000-0001-5543-1519 mbland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-1519","contributorId":146287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Michael","email":"mbland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raymond, C. A.","contributorId":238463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Russell, C. T.","contributorId":238465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196031,"text":"70196031 - 2018 - The isometric log-ratio (ilr)-ion plot: A proposed alternative to the Piper diagram","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T13:42:59","indexId":"70196031","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The isometric log-ratio (ilr)-ion plot: A proposed alternative to the Piper diagram","docAbstract":"The Piper diagram has been a staple for the analysis of water chemistry data since its introduction in 1944. It was conceived to be a method for water classification, determination of potential water mixing between end-members, and to aid in the identification of chemical reactions controlling a sample set. This study uses the information gleaned over the years since the release of the Piper diagram and proposes an alternative to it, capturing the strengths of the original diagram while adding new ideas to increase its robustness. The new method uses compositional data analysis to create 4 isometric log-ratio coordinates for the 6 major chemical species analyzed in the Piper diagram and transforms the data to a 4-field bi-plot, the ilr-ion plot. This ilr-ion plot conveys all of the information in the Piper diagram (water mixing, water types, and chemical reactions) while also visualizing additional data, the ability to examine Ca2+/Mg2+ versus Cl-/SO42−. The Piper and the ilr-ion plot were also compared using multiple synthetic and real datasets in order to illustrate the caveats and the advantages of using either diagram to analyze water chemistry data. Although there are challenges with using the ilr-ion plot (e.g., missing or zero values zeros in the dataset must be imputed by positive real numbers), it appears that the use of compositional data analysis coupled with the ilr-ion plot provides a more in-depth and complete analysis of water quality data compared to the original Piper diagram.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.03.003","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J., Engle, M.A., Buccianti, A., and Blondes, M., 2018, The isometric log-ratio (ilr)-ion plot: A proposed alternative to the Piper diagram: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 190, p. 130-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.03.003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-090414","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.03.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"190","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fee4b0da30c1bfc03a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jenna L. 0000-0002-1377-0675 jlshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675","contributorId":5025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jenna L.","email":"jlshelton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buccianti, Antonella","contributorId":198657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buccianti","given":"Antonella","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194909,"text":"ofr20181011 - 2018 - Hydrogeologic applications for historical records and images from rock samples collected at the Nevada National Security Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada - A supplement to Data Series 297","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-06T14:14:30","indexId":"ofr20181011","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1011","title":"Hydrogeologic applications for historical records and images from rock samples collected at the Nevada National Security Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada - A supplement to Data Series 297","docAbstract":"Rock samples have been collected, analyzed, and interpreted from drilling and mining operations at the Nevada National Security Site for over one-half of a century. Records containing geologic and hydrologic analyses and interpretations have been compiled into a series of databases. Rock samples have been photographed and thin sections scanned. Records and images are preserved and available for public viewing and downloading at the U.S. Geological Survey ScienceBase, Mercury Core Library and Data Center Web site at https://www.sciencebase.gov/mercury/ and documented in U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 297. Example applications of these data and images are provided in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement DE-AI52-12NA30865/DE-NA0001654","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.B., 2018, Hydrogeologic applications for historical records and images from rock samples collected at the Nevada National Security Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada—A supplement to Data Series 297: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1011, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181011.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 2 Figures","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092236","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352503,"rank":5,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1011/ofr20181011_figure04.pdf","text":"Figure 4","size":"415 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1011 Figure 4"},{"id":352500,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ds297","text":"Data Series 297","description":"Data Series 297"},{"id":352502,"rank":4,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1011/ofr20181011_figure03.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"5.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1011 Figure 3"},{"id":352496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1011/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352497,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1011/ofr20181011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada National Security Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.5 ], [ -116.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,36.5 ], [ -116.75,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, Nevada 89701
The Old Yuma Mine is an abandoned copper, lead, zinc, silver, and gold mine located within the boundaries of Saguaro National Park, Tucson Mountain District, Arizona. This study analyzed the geochemistry of sediments associated with the Old Yuma Mine and assessed hydrologic and geochemical conditions of groundwater to evaluate the area surrounding the Old Yuma Mine. The purpose of the study was to establish the geochemical signature of material associated with the Old Yuma Mine and to compare it with background material and groundwater in the area. Few groundwater samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water standards. Concentrations of several elements were elevated in the waste rock and mine tailings compared with concentrations in sediments collected in background areas. A subset of 15 sediment samples was leached to simulate precipitation interacting with the solid material. Analysis of leachate samples compared to groundwater samples suggests that groundwater samples collected in this study are distinct from leachate samples associated with mining related material. Results suggest that at this time groundwater samples collected during this investigation are not influenced by elements leached from Old Yuma Mine materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Beisner, K.R., and Gray, F., 2018, Assessment of geochemical and hydrologic conditions near Old Yuma Mine in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, 2014–17: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5019, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185019.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 52 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088828","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352442,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5019/sir20185019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5019"},{"id":352441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5019/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352443,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5019/appendixa_sir20185019.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2018-5019 Appendix","linkHelpText":" - Groundwater sample data from Old Yuma Mine study area"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":" Old Yuma Mine, Saguaro National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 32.34\n ],\n [\n -111.17,\n 32.34\n ],\n [\n -111.17,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 32.34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Population availability and vessel avoidance effects on hydroacoustic abundance estimates may be scale dependent; therefore, it is important to evaluate these biases across systems. We performed an inter-ship comparison survey to determine the effect of vessel size, day-night period, depth, and environmental gradients on walleye (Sander vitreus) density estimates in Lake Erie, an intermediate-scaled system. Consistent near-bottom depth distributions coupled with horizontal fish movements relative to vessel paths indicated avoidance behavior contributed to higher walleye densities from smaller vessels in shallow water (i.e., <15 m), although the difference decreased with increasing depth. Diel bank migrations in response to seasonally varying onshore-to-offshore environmental gradients likely contributed to day-night differences in densities between sampling locations and seasons. Spatial and unexplained variation accounted for a high proportion of total variation; however, increasing sampling intensity can mitigate effects on precision. Therefore, researchers should minimize systematic avoidance and availability related biases (i.e., vessel and day-night period) to improve population abundance estimates. Quantifying availability and avoidance behavior effects and partitioning sources of variation provides informed flexibility for designing future hydroacoustic surveys in shallow-water nearshore environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2017.11.018","usgsCitation":"DuFour, M.R., Mayer, C.M., Qian, S.S., Vandergoot, C., Kraus, R.T., Kocovsky, P., and Warner, D.M., 2018, Inferred fish behavior its implications for hydroacoustic surveys in nearshore habitats: Fisheries Research, v. 199, p. 63-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.11.018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"75","ipdsId":"IP-077301","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.7435302734375,\n 41.39123380197929\n ],\n [\n -81.6339111328125,\n 41.39123380197929\n ],\n [\n -81.6339111328125,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -82.7435302734375,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -82.7435302734375,\n 41.39123380197929\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"199","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ffe4b0da30c1bfc044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuFour, Mark R.","contributorId":203270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DuFour","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Christine M.","contributorId":203271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qian, Song S.","contributorId":198934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qian","given":"Song","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher 0000-0003-4128-3329 cvandergoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-3329","contributorId":178356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","email":"cvandergoot@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0003-4494-1841 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":2609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":150837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190866,"text":"ofr20161179 - 2018 - Collection methods, data compilation, and lessons learned from a study of stream geomorphology associated with riparian cattle grazing along the Fever River, University of Wisconsin- Platteville Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2004–11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T11:14:49","indexId":"ofr20161179","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-09T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1179","title":"Collection methods, data compilation, and lessons learned from a study of stream geomorphology associated with riparian cattle grazing along the Fever River, University of Wisconsin- Platteville Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2004–11","docAbstract":"Stream geomorphic characteristics were monitored along a 0.8-mile reach of the Fever River in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin from 2004 to 2011 where cattle grazed in paddocks along the riverbank at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville’s Pioneer Farm. The study reach encompassed seven paddocks that covered a total of 30 acres on both sides of the river. Monitoring data included channel crosssection surveys, eroding bank measurements and photograph points, erosion-pin measurements, longitudinal profile surveys, measurements of the volume of soft sediment in the channel, and repeated time-lapse photographs. Characteristics were summarized into subreaches by use of a geographic information system. From 2004 to 2007, baseline monitoring was done to identify geomorphic conditions prior to evaluating the effects of management alternatives for riparian grazing. Subsequent to the full-scale baseline monitoring, additional data were collected from 2007 to 2011. Samples of eroding bank and in-channel soft sediment were collected and analyzed for dry bulk density in 2008 for use in a sediment budget. One of the pastures was excluded from cattle grazing in the fall of 2007; in 2009 channel cross sections, longitudinal profiles, erosion-pin measurements, photographs, and a soft sediment survey were again collected along the full 0.8-mile reach for a comparison to baseline monitoring data. Channel cross sections were surveyed a final time in 2011. Lessons learned from bank monitoring with erosion pins were most numerous and included the need for consistent tracking of each pin and whether there was deposition or erosion, timing of measurements and bank conditions during measurements (frozen, postflood), and awareness of pins loosening in place. Repeated freezing and thawing of banks and consequential mass wasting and jointing enhance fluvial erosion. Monitoring equipment in the paddocks was kept flush to the ground or located high on posts to avoid injuring the cattle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Platteville Pioneer Farm Program","usgsCitation":"Peppler, M.C., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2018, Collection methods, data compilation, and lessons learned from a study of stream geomorphology associated with riparian cattle grazing along the Fever River, University of Wisconsin- Platteville Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2004–11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1179, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161179.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 21 p.; Appendixes 1-9; Readme","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069094","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352034,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1","size":"39.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Channel CrossSection Surveys"},{"id":352035,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix2.zip","text":"Appendix 2","size":"2.10 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Eroding Bank Measurements and Photograph Points"},{"id":352036,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix3.zip","text":"Appendix 3","size":"320 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Erosion Pin Measurements"},{"id":352038,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix5.zip","text":"Appendix 5","size":"30 MB ","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- In-Channel Soft Sediment Depth and Volume"},{"id":352037,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix4.zip","text":"Appendix 4","size":"128 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Longitudinal Profile Surveys"},{"id":351479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/ofr20161179.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1179"},{"id":352039,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix6.zip","text":"Appendix 6","size":"545 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Geographic Information System Analyses of Reach Characteristics"},{"id":352040,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix7.zip","text":"Appendix 7","size":"28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Sediment Bulk Density"},{"id":352041,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix8.zip","text":"Appendix 8","size":"73.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Time Lapse Photographs"},{"id":351478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/coverthb.jpg","text":"Report"},{"id":351870,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/appendixes-readme.pdf","text":"Appendix Readme","size":"22 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352042,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix9.zip","text":"Appendix 9","size":"611. MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Miscellaneous Photographs and Field Notes"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fever River, University of Wisconsin-Platteville Pioneer Agricultural Stewardship Farm","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.40331840515137,\n 42.71124784262846\n ],\n [\n -90.393168926239,\n 42.71124784262846\n ],\n [\n -90.393168926239,\n 42.71984009899354\n ],\n [\n -90.40331840515137,\n 42.71984009899354\n ],\n [\n -90.40331840515137,\n 42.71124784262846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Fort Pulaski National Monument is located on Cockspur Island in Chatham County, Georgia, within the Atlantic Coastal Plain province. The island lies near the mouth of the Savannah River, and consists of small mounds (hummocks), salt marshes, and sediment dredged from the river. A 1,017-foot (ft) (310-meter [m])-deep core drilled at Cockspur Island in 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey revealed several sedimentary units ranging in age from 43 million years old to present. Sand and mud are present at drilling depths from 0 to 182 ft (56 m), limestone is present at depths from 182 ft (56 m) to 965 ft (295 m), and glauconitic sand is present at depths from 965 ft (295 m) to 1,017 ft (310 m). The limestone and the water within the limestone are referred to collectively as the Floridan aquifer system, which is the primary source of drinking water for the City of Savannah and surrounding communities. In addition to details of the subsurface geology, this fact sheet identifies the following geologic materials used in the construction of Fort Pulaski: (1) granite, (2) bricks, (3) sandstone, and (4) lime mud with oyster shells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183011","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., Seefelt, E.L., and Parker, M., 2018, A brief geological history of Cockspur Island at Fort Pulaski National Monument, Chatham County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018‒3011, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183011.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":" IP-082254","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352324,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3011/fs20183011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3011"},{"id":352323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3011/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Chatham County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Pulaski National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.92349052429198,\n 32.021321351629176\n ],\n [\n -80.87533950805664,\n 32.021321351629176\n ],\n [\n -80.87533950805664,\n 32.03696591411931\n ],\n [\n -80.92349052429198,\n 32.03696591411931\n ],\n [\n -80.92349052429198,\n 32.021321351629176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Geology Paleoclimate Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 926A
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Excessive rainfall resulted in flooding on numerous rivers throughout the southern Midwestern United States (southern Midwest) in late April and early May of 2017. The heaviest rainfall, between April 28 and 30, resulted in extensive flooding from eastern Oklahoma to southern Indiana including parts of Missouri, Arkansas, and Illinois.
Peak-of-record streamflows were set at 21 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in the southern Midwest during the resulting April–May 2017 flooding and each of the five States included in the study area had at least one streamgage with a peak of record during the flood. The annual exceedance probability (AEP) estimates for the April–May 2017 peak streamflows indicate that peaks at 5 USGS streamgages had AEPs of 0.2 percent or less (500-year recurrence interval or greater), and peak streamflows at 15 USGS streamgages had AEPs in the range from greater than 0.2 to 1 percent (500- to 100-year recurrence intervals).
Examination of the magnitude of the temporal changes in median annual peak streamflows indicated positive increases, in general, throughout the study area for each of the 1930–2017, 1956–2017, 1975–2017, and 1989–2017 analysis periods. The median increase in peak streamflows was greatest in 1975–2017 and 1989–2017 with maximum increases of 8 to 10 percent per year. No stations in the 1975–2017 or 1989–2017 analysis period had median negative changes in peak streamflows.
","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181004","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Holmes, R.R., Jr., and Harris, T.E., 2018, Flooding in the southern Midwestern United States, April–May 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1004, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181004.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 7 Films","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091177","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352359,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film1.mp4","text":"Film 1—","size":"15.6 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 1","linkHelpText":"April 28, 2017–May 10, 2017, Daily streamflow magnitude in study area compared to long-term median streamflows"},{"id":352364,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film6_NFK_MO_HWYPP.mp4","text":"Film 6—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"172 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 6","linkHelpText":"James Bridge on MO-PP, North Fork River, Ozark County, Mo."},{"id":352361,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film3_NFK_SpringCK.mp4","text":"Film 3—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"159 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 3","linkHelpText":"Twin Bridges in Douglas County, Mo., North Fork River and Spring Creek"},{"id":352363,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film5_BryantCK_Hwy181.mp4","text":"Film 5—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"137 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 5","linkHelpText":"Hodgson Mill on Hwy. 181, Bryant Creek, Ozark County, Mo."},{"id":352341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":352362,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film4_NFK_MO_HWY_CC(HammondMillBrdge).mp4","text":"Film 4—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"126 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 4","linkHelpText":"Hammond Mill Bridge on MO-CC, North Fork River, Ozark County, Mo."},{"id":352365,"rank":9,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film7_DryCK_MO_HwyAP.mp4","text":"Film 7—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"70.0 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 7","linkHelpText":"Dry Creek Bridge on MO-AP, Dry Creek, Howell County, Mo."},{"id":352342,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/ofr20181004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1004"},{"id":352394,"rank":10,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Films.zip","text":"Films","size":"746 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2018–1004 Films"},{"id":352360,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film2_SpringCK_HwyAP.mp4","text":"Film 2—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"75.4 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 2","linkHelpText":"Spring Creek Bridge on MO-AP"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Rainfall from a storm on October 24–27, 2017, and Tropical Storm Philippe on October 29–30, created conditions that led to flooding across portions of New Hampshire and western Maine. On the basis of streamflow data collected at 30 selected U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in the Androscoggin River, Connecticut River, Merrimack River, and Saco River Basins, the storms caused minor to moderate flooding in those basins on October 30–31, 2017. During the storms, the USGS deployed hydrographers to take discrete measurements of streamflow. The measurements were used to confirm the stage-to-streamflow relation (rating curve) at the selected USGS streamgages. Following the storms, hydrographers documented high-water marks in support of indirect measurements of streamflow. Seven streamgages with greater than 50 years of streamflow data recorded preliminary streamflow peaks within the top five for the periods of record. Twelve streamgages recorded preliminary peak streamflows greater than an estimate of the 100-year streamflow based on drainage area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181026","usgsCitation":"Kiah, R.G, and Stasulis, N.W., 2018, Preliminary stage and streamflow data at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in Maine and New Hampshire for the flood of October 30–31, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1026, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181026.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-092894","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1026/ofr20181026.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1026"},{"id":352269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1026/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72,\n 42.75\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 42.75\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 42.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Non-cultivated plants carry microbial endophytes that may be used to enhance development and disease resistance of crop species where growth-promoting and protective microbes may have been lost. During seedling establishment, seedlings may be infected by several fungal pathogens that are seed or soil borne. Several species of Fusarium, Pythium and other water moulds cause seed rots during germination. Fusariumblights of seedlings are also very common and significantly affect seedling development. In the present study we screened nine endophytic bacteria isolated from the seeds of invasive Phragmites australis by inoculating onto rice, Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), or annual bluegrass (Poa annua) seeds to evaluate plant growth promotion and protection from disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. We found that three bacteria belonging to genus Pseudomonas spp. (SLB4-P. fluorescens, SLB6-Pseudomonas sp. and SY1-Pseudomonassp.) promoted seedling development, including enhancement of root and shoot growth, and stimulation of root hair formation. These bacteria were also found to increase phosphate solubilization in in vitro experiments. Pseudomonas sp. (SY1) significantly protected grass seedlings from Fusarium infection. In co-culture experiments, strain SY1 strongly inhibited fungal pathogens with 85.71% growth inhibition of F. oxysporum, 86.33% growth inhibition of Curvularia sp. and 82.14% growth inhibition of Alternaria sp. Seedlings previously treated with bacteria were found much less infected by F. oxysporum in comparison to non-treated controls. On microscopic observation we found that bacteria appeared to degrade fungal mycelia actively. Metabolite products of strain SY1 in agar were also found to inhibit fungal growth on nutrient media. Pseudomonas sp. (SY1) was found to produce antifungal volatiles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using specific primers for pyrrolnitirin synthesis and HCN (hydrogen cyanide) production suggested presence of genes for both compounds in the genome of SY1. HCN was detected in cultures of SY1. We conclude that microbes from non-cultivated plants may provide disease protection and promote growth of crop plants.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms6010021","usgsCitation":"Verma, S.K., Kingsley, K.L., Bergen, M.S., Kowalski, K., and White, J., 2018, Fungal disease prevention in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa) and other grasses by growth-promoting seed-associated endophytic bacteria from invasive Phragmites australis: Microorganisms, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6010021.","productDescription":"Article 21; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-094472","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6010021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee701e4b0da30c1bfc05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, Satish Kumar","contributorId":203175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verma","given":"Satish","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kingsley, Kathryn L.","contributorId":203176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kingsley","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergen, Marshall S.","contributorId":178394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergen","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, James F.","contributorId":152046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}