Approximately 170 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) of ground- and surface-water was withdrawn from the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins in 1995. Of this amount, surface water accounted for 64 percent ( 110 MgaVd) of the total withdrawal rates in the basins. The largest surface-water withdrawal rates were from Bayou Lafourche ( 40 Mgal/d), Bayou Boeuf ( 14 MgaVd), and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (4.2 Mgal/d). The largest ground-water withdrawal rates were from the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer (29 Mgal/d), the Gonzales-New Orleans aquifer (9.5 Mgal/d), and the Norco aquifer (3.6 MgaVd).
\n\nThe amounts of water withdrawn in the basins in 1995 differed by category of use. Public water suppliers within the basins withdrew 41 Mgal/d of water. The five largest public water suppliers in the basins withdrew 30 Mgal/d of surface water: Terrebonne Waterworks District 1 withdrew the largest amount, almost 15 MgaVd. Industrial facilities withdrew 88 Mgal/d, fossil-fuel plants withdrew 4.7 MgaVd, and commercial facilities withdrew 0.67 MgaVd. Aggregate water-withdrawal rates, compiled by parish for aquaculture (37 Mgal/d), livestock (0.56 Mgal/d), rural domestic (0.44 MgaVd), and irrigation uses (0.54 MgaVd), totaled about 38 MgaVd in the basins. Ninety-five percent of aquaculture withdrawal rates, primarily for crawfish and alligator farming, were from surface-water sources.
\n\n>br>\n\nTotal water-withdrawal rates increased 221 percent from 1960–95. Surface-water withdrawal rates have increased by 310 percent, and ground-water withdrawal rates have increased by 133 percent. The projection for the total water-withdrawal rates in 2020 is 220 MgaVd, an increase of 30 percent from 1995. Surface-water withdrawal rates would account for 59 percent of the total, or 130 Mgal/d. Surface-water withdrawal rates are projected to increase by 20 percent from 1995 to 2020.
\n\nAnalysis of water-quality data from the Mississippi River indicates that the main threats to surface water resources are from the herbicide atrazine and excessive nutrients. Atrazine concentrations in the Mississippi River at Baton Rouge briefly exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 3.0 micrograms per liter during periods in the late spring and early summer. Trace metals in bottom material collected from Bayou Lafourche indicate that the reach of Bayou Lafourche from Donaldsonville to Golden Meadow is adversely affected by low-level contamination. Dissolved nitrate had a mean concentration of 1.4 milligrams per liter in the Mississippi River near Bayou Lafourche and can contribute to excessive plant growth.
\n\nLong-term salinity records near Bayou Lafourche indicate no pronounced trends, with the exception of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway at Houma. At this site, salinities remained low until 1961, when the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway was connected to the Gulf of Mexico by the Houma Navigation Canal. The sources of saltwater are variable. Some saltwater has entered Bayou Lafourche south of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway; at other times saltwater has moved up the Houma Navigation Canal and has flowed east in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, north into Company Canal, and southeast in Bayou Lafourche towards Larose, Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98632","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program","usgsCitation":"Johnson-Thibaut, P.M., Demcheck, D.K., Swarzenski, C.M., and Ensminger, P.A., 1998, Water use and quality of fresh surface-water resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-632, Report: iv, 47 p.; 1 Map: 24.00 x 18.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98632.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 47 p.; 1 Map: 24.00 x 18.00 inches","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430164,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16372.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/pdf/of1998-632_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/pdf/of1998-632.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283816,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria-Terrebonne Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.81954122716522,\n 30.762616503019416\n ],\n [\n -91.81954122716522,\n 29.036394388511\n ],\n [\n -89.743022989434,\n 29.036394388511\n ],\n [\n -89.743022989434,\n 30.762616503019416\n ],\n [\n -91.81954122716522,\n 30.762616503019416\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f004f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson-Thibaut, Penny M.","contributorId":10830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson-Thibaut","given":"Penny","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ensminger, Paul A. 0000-0002-0536-0369 paensmin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-0369","contributorId":4754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensminger","given":"Paul","email":"paensmin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100312,"text":"ofr98XXX - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for brigde 5 (STOCTH00360005) on Town Highway 36, crossing Stony Brook, Stockridge, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T07:29:42","indexId":"ofr98XXX","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:17:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-XXX","title":"Level II scour analysis for brigde 5 (STOCTH00360005) on Town Highway 36, crossing Stony Brook, Stockridge, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nSTOCTH00360005 on Town Highway 36 crossing Stony Brook, Stockbridge, Vermont \n(figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a \nquantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, \n1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. \nA Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. \nInformation on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) \nfiles, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in \nappendix D.\nThe site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in \ncentral Vermont. The 23.0-mi2\n drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. \nIn the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is forest on the left and right banks \ndownstream and left bank upstream, while the right bank upstream is pasture with some \nshrubs and brush. \nIn the study area, Stony Brook has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of \napproximately 0.01 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 109 ft and an average bank height \nof 11 ft. The channel bed material is predominantly gravel with a median grain size (D50) of \n71.7 mm (0.235 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I site visit on April \n12, 1995, and Level II site visit on July 9, 1996, indicated that the reach was stable.\nThe Town Highway 36 crossing of Stony Brook is a 50-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting \nof one 48-foot steel-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommunication, March 23, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge \nface is 46.3 ft. The bridge is supported by a vertical, concrete abutment on the left and a \nvertical, concrete abutment with wingwalls on the right. The channel is skewed \napproximately 5 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 0 degrees. \nA scour hole 2.0 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed during the Level I \nassessment along the left side of the channel at the downstream bridge face where the flow \nimpacts a bedrock outcrop. Scour protection measures at the site included type-1 stone fill \n(less than 12 inches diameter) along the right bank upstream and at the upstream and \ndownstream ends of the left abutment, type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) at the \nupstream end of the upstream right wingwall, and type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches \ndiameter) at the downstream end of the downstream right wingwall. Additional details \ndescribing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D \nand E.\nScour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general \nguidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) \nfor the 100- and 500-year discharges. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of \nthree components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to \naccelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused \nby accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three \ncomponents. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and \na summary of the results of these computations follows.\nContraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 ft. The worst-case \ncontraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 9.7 to \n22.2 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional \ninformation on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour \nResults”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented \nin tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure \n8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a \nhomogeneous particle-size distribution. \nIt is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively \nconservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 47). Usually, \ncomputed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but \nnot limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability \nassessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. \nTherefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values \ndocumented herein.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr98XXX","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency OF Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Striker, L.K., and Weber, M.A., 1998, Level II scour analysis for brigde 5 (STOCTH00360005) on Town Highway 36, crossing Stony Brook, Stockridge, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-XXX, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98XXX.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286087,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70100312/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.708351016,43.7599249087 ], [ -72.708351016,43.7610910976 ], [ -72.7057975531,43.7610910976 ], [ -72.7057975531,43.7599249087 ], [ -72.708351016,43.7599249087 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594aae4b0120853e8c050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striker, Lora K.","contributorId":41481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striker","given":"Lora","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Matthew A.","contributorId":41483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23169,"text":"ofr98138 - 1998 - Sea floor topographic map and perspective-view imagery of quadrangles 1-18, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T14:54:36.495832","indexId":"ofr98138","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-138","title":"Sea floor topographic map and perspective-view imagery of quadrangles 1-18, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Mapping Project is a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, with support from the University of New Brunswick and the Canadian Hydrographic Survey. The survey was conducted on four cruises over a two-year period from the fall of 1994 to the fall of 1996. The project is mapping an area of 1100 square nautical miles. The maps show a series of 18 quadrangles (see location map) in which sea floor topography is presented at a scale of 1:25,000.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98138","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Baker, J.L., Unger, T.S., and Polloni, C.F., 1998, Sea floor topographic map and perspective-view imagery of quadrangles 1-18, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-138, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98138.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108393,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13254.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Jessica L.","contributorId":65111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unger, Tanya S.","contributorId":29013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Polloni, Christopher F.","contributorId":93087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polloni","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70764,"text":"ofr9898 - 1998 - A workbook for preparing a district quality- assurance plan for water-quality activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"ofr9898","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-98","title":"A workbook for preparing a district quality- assurance plan for water-quality activities","docAbstract":"APPEARS TO BE A REPORT ON HOW TO WRITE REPORTS --THE 'ABSTRACT' THAT FOLLOWS IS JUST THE GENERIC ABSTRACT TO BE USED FOR WATER USE REPORTS: In accordance with guidelines set forth by the Office of Water Quality in the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, a quality-assurance plan has been created for use by the [State name] District in conducting water-quality activities. This quality-assurance plan documents the standards, policies, and procedures used by the [State name] District for activities related to the collection, processing, storage, analysis, and publication of water-quality data. The policies and procedures that are documented in this quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities are meant to complement the District quality-assurance plans for surface-water and ground-water activities and to supplement the [State name] District quality-assurance plan.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9898","usgsCitation":"Schertz, T.L., Childress, C.J., Kelly, V.J., Boucher, M.S., and Pederson, G.L., 1998, A workbook for preparing a district quality- assurance plan for water-quality activities (Revised June 2002): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-98, 75 p., ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9898.","productDescription":"75 p., ill.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6595,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/owq/QAfolder/QA.index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revised June 2002","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childress, Carolyn J.O.","contributorId":43044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Valerie J. vjkelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Valerie","email":"vjkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boucher, Michelle S.","contributorId":71192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucher","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pederson, Gary L.","contributorId":81084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":22061,"text":"ofr98360 - 1998 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T20:26:43.652431","indexId":"ofr98360","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-360","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"Akutan Volcano is a 1100-meter-high stratovolcano on Akutan Island in the east-central Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska. The volcano is located about 1238 kilometers southwest of Anchorage and about 56 kilometers east of Dutch Harbor/Unalaska. Eruptive activity has occurred at least 27 times since historical observations were recorded beginning in the late 1700's. Recent eruptions produced only small amounts of fine volcanic ash that fell primarily on the upper flanks of the volcano. Small amounts of ash fell on the Akutan Harbor area during eruptions in 1911, 1948, 1987, and 1989. Plumes of volcanic ash are the primary hazard associated with eruptions of Akutan Volcano and are a major hazard to all aircraft using the airfield at Dutch Harbor or approaching Akutan Island. Eruptions similar to historical Akutan eruptions should be anticipated in the future. Although unlikely, eruptions larger than those of historical time could generate significant amounts of volcanic ash, fallout, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that would be hazardous to life and property on all sectors of the volcano and other parts of the island, but especially in the major valleys that head on the volcano flanks. During a large eruption an ash cloud could be produced that may be hazardous to aircraft using the airfield at Cold Bay and the airspace downwind from the volcano. In the event of a large eruption, volcanic ash fallout could be relatively thick over parts of Akutan Island and volcanic bombs could strike areas more than 10 kilometers from the volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98360","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Power, J.A., Richter, D.H., and McGimsey, R.G., 1998, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-360, Report: v, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 46.01 x 22.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98360.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 46.01 x 22.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410884,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/plate-1-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Akutan Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ],\n [\n -165.673828125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ],\n [\n -165.673828125,\n 54.220284882124005\n ],\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.220284882124005\n ],\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Donlad H.","contributorId":91891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donlad","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32334,"text":"ofr98135 - 1998 - Geology of Akutan Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T20:46:30.445511","indexId":"ofr98135","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-135","title":"Geology of Akutan Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98135","usgsCitation":"Richter, D.H., Waythomas, C.F., McGimsey, R.G., and Stelling, P.L., 1998, Geology of Akutan Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-135, Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 45.0 x 36.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98135.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 45.0 x 36.0 inches","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":109014,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19102.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395979,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0135/pdf/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3323,"rank":101,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98135.jpg"},{"id":284310,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0135/pdf/of98-135.pdf","text":"Plate 1"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Akutan Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.1579132080078,\n 54.02955339563476\n ],\n [\n -165.64498901367188,\n 54.02955339563476\n ],\n [\n -165.64498901367188,\n 54.23032019657872\n ],\n [\n -166.1579132080078,\n 54.23032019657872\n ],\n [\n -166.1579132080078,\n 54.02955339563476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stelling, Peter L.","contributorId":84414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelling","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":47182,"text":"ofr96649 - 1998 - Flood tracking chart, Amite River Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:54","indexId":"ofr96649","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-649","title":"Flood tracking chart, Amite River Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Amite River Basin flood tracking chart is designed to assist emergency response officials and the local public in making informed decisions about the safety of life and property during floods along the Amite and Comite Rivers and Bayou Manchac in southeastern Louisiana. This chart is similar in concept to the charts used to track hurricanes; the user can record the latest river stage information at selected gaging stations and the latest flood crest predictions. The latest stage data can be compared to historical flood peaks as well as to the slab or pier elevation of a threatened property. The chart also discusses how to acquire the latest river stage data from the Internet and a recorded voice message.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96649","usgsCitation":"Callender, L.E., McCallum, B.E., Brazelton, S.R., Anderson, M.L., and Ensminger, P.A., 1998, Flood tracking chart, Amite River Basin, Louisiana (Revision - 1998): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-649, 1 poster :col. ;51 x 46 cm. folded to 17 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96649.","productDescription":"1 poster :col. ;51 x 46 cm. folded to 17 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14105,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/97financial/hazards.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3964,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://la.water.usgs.gov/publications/pdfs/amitetrkcht.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19845,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0649/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19846,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0649/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revision - 1998","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, Lawrence E.","contributorId":14792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCallum, Brian E. 0000-0002-8935-0343 bemccall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-0343","contributorId":1591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallum","given":"Brian","email":"bemccall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":234779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brazelton, Sebastian R.","contributorId":56621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brazelton","given":"Sebastian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Mary L.","contributorId":41397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ensminger, Paul A. 0000-0002-0536-0369 paensmin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-0369","contributorId":4754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensminger","given":"Paul","email":"paensmin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":234780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50218,"text":"ofr98299 - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (SHRETH00060032) on Town Highway 6, crossing Saragent Brook, Shrewsbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T09:40:00","indexId":"ofr98299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-299","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (SHRETH00060032) on Town Highway 6, crossing Saragent Brook, Shrewsbury, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr98299","usgsCitation":"Burns, R., and Boehmler, E., 1998, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (SHRETH00060032) on Town Highway 6, crossing Saragent Brook, Shrewsbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-299, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98299.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280037,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0299/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7cf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, R.L.","contributorId":62651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boehmler, E.M.","contributorId":88405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehmler","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50236,"text":"ofr98291 - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 9 (LOWETH00020009) on Town Highway 2, crossing the East Branch Missisquoi River, Lowell, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T09:34:06","indexId":"ofr98291","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-291","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 9 (LOWETH00020009) on Town Highway 2, crossing the East Branch Missisquoi River, Lowell, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr98291","usgsCitation":"Boehmler, E.M., 1998, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 9 (LOWETH00020009) on Town Highway 2, crossing the East Branch Missisquoi River, Lowell, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-291, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98291.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280022,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0291/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a55ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boehmler, Erick M.","contributorId":96303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehmler","given":"Erick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50233,"text":"ofr9881 - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 64 (STOWTH00340064) on Town Highway 34, crossing Ranch Brook, Stowe, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T09:35:10","indexId":"ofr9881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-81","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 64 (STOWTH00340064) on Town Highway 34, crossing Ranch Brook, Stowe, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9881","usgsCitation":"Serra, M., and Ivanoff, M., 1998, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 64 (STOWTH00340064) on Town Highway 34, crossing Ranch Brook, Stowe, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-81, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9881.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280025,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0081/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a57fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Serra, M.M.","contributorId":81974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serra","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivanoff, M.A.","contributorId":45758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanoff","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42300,"text":"ofr9893 - 1998 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in Honey Brook and West Nantmeal Townships, and Honey Brook and Elverson Boroughs, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April through September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T07:40:46","indexId":"ofr9893","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-93","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in Honey Brook and West Nantmeal Townships, and Honey Brook and Elverson Boroughs, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April through September 1997","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9893","usgsCitation":"Eden, K.S., 1998, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in Honey Brook and West Nantmeal Townships, and Honey Brook and Elverson Boroughs, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April through September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-93, 1 map ;57 x 74 cm., on sheet 71 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9893.","productDescription":"1 map ;57 x 74 cm., on sheet 71 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":80070,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0093/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6872a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eden, Kenneth S.","contributorId":85154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eden","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42301,"text":"ofr98253 - 1998 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in Lansdale and vicinity, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, August 22-23, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:53:24","indexId":"ofr98253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-253","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in Lansdale and vicinity, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, August 22-23, 1996","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98253","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., Rowland, C.J., and Prieto, D.A., 1998, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in Lansdale and vicinity, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, August 22-23, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-253, 1 map ;46 x 41 cm., on sheet 69 x 74 cm., folded in envelope to 25 x 18 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98253.","productDescription":"1 map ;46 x 41 cm., on sheet 69 x 74 cm., folded in envelope to 25 x 18 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":136628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80071,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0253/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6872af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Cynthia J.","contributorId":61789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prieto, David A.","contributorId":62876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prieto","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22290,"text":"ofr98295 - 1998 - Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T14:03:49","indexId":"ofr98295","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-295","title":"Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The statewide average precipitation of 31.79 inches for the 1997 water year was the same as the normal annual precipitation of 31.79 inches for water years 1961-90. Average precipitation values ranged from 78 percent of normal at Mauston 1 SE WWTP weather station in central Wisconsin to 139 percent of normal at Menomonie WWTP weather station in west central Wisconsin (Matt Menne, Acting State Climatologist, UW-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey, written commun., 1998).
\nRunoff differed for rivers throughout the State and ranged from 70 percent in southeast Wisconsin to 169 percent in west central and northwest Wisconsin. Runoff was lowest (70 percent of the average annual runoff from 1964-97) for the Root River Canal near Franklin and highest (169 percent of the average annual runoff from 1902-70, 1987-97) for the Apple River near Somerset. Departures of runoff in the 1997 water year as a percent of long-term average runoff in the State are shown in Figure 4.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98295","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Maertz, D., 1998, Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-295, xvii, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98295.","productDescription":"xvii, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0295/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51713,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0295/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50214,"text":"ofr9811 - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 12 (NEWBTH00020012) on Town Highway 2, crossing Scott Brook, Newbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T09:41:34","indexId":"ofr9811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-11","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 12 (NEWBTH00020012) on Town Highway 2, crossing Scott Brook, Newbury, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9811","usgsCitation":"Burns, R., 1998, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 12 (NEWBTH00020012) on Town Highway 2, crossing Scott Brook, Newbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-11, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9811.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280041,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0011/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, R.L.","contributorId":62651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22294,"text":"ofr98572 - 1998 - Water velocities and the potential for the movement of bed sediments in Sinclair Inlet of Puget Sound, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T14:26:49","indexId":"ofr98572","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-572","title":"Water velocities and the potential for the movement of bed sediments in Sinclair Inlet of Puget Sound, Washington","docAbstract":"Sinclair Inlet is a small embayment of Puget Sound in the State of Washington. The inlet, about 6.5 kilometers long and 1.5 kilometers wide, is the site of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. There are concerns that bed sediments in the inlet may have been contaminated as a result of activities at the shipyard, and that these sediments could be resuspended by tide- and wind-driven currents and transported within the inlet or out of the inlet to other parts of Puget Sound. This study was conducted to provide information concerning the potential for sediment resuspension in the inlet.\r\n\r\nTo obtain the necessary data, vertical profiles of water current from about 2 meters above the bed to 2 meters below the water surface were monitored with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) at three locations during a 6.5-week winter period and a 4.5-week summer period in 1994. In addition, during the winter period, water velocites between 0.19 and 1.20 meters above the bed were measured with current meters using an instrument package called Geoprobe, which was deployed near one of the ADCPs. Other instruments on the Geoprobe measured light transmissivity, and a camera periodically took photographs of the bottom. Instruments on the Geoprobe and on the ADCPs also measured conductivity (for determining salinity), temperature, and pressure (for determinining tide). Samples of bed sediment and water samples for determining suspended-sediment concentration were collected at each of the current-measurement stations. Wind speed and direction were measured at three stations during a 12-month period, and tide was measured at one of these stations.\r\n\r\nWater currents measured at the three locations in Sinclair Inlet were relatively weak. Typical speeds were 5 to 10 centimeters per second, and the RMS (root-mean-square) speeds were less than 8 centimeters per second. Tidal and residual currents were of similar magnitude. Residual currents near the bottom typically were flowing in the opposite direction of the prevailing wind, while surface currents were in the same direction as the prevailing wind. During most of the year, the prevailing wind was from the soutwest quadrant; however, during July and August, the prevailing wind was usually from the northeast quadrant.\r\n\r\nThe RMS of the total shear velocity for each ADCP station and measurement period, which was estimated from observed profiles of current velocity, ranged from 0.31 centimeters per second to 0.44 centimeters per second. The skin-friction component of the shear velocity was estimated to be no more than half the total. Critical shear velocity, estimated from particle sizes and density of the bed material, was 0.39 centimeters per second or larger. Comparisons of the skin-friction components of total bottom shear velocities with estimates of the critical shear velocity necessary for resuspension of the bed sediments indicate that resuspension occurs only infrequently, usually at times of maximum current during the tidal cycle. This conclusion is supported by measurements near the bed of light transmissivity, which is related to suspended-sediment concentration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98572","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.W., Prych, E., Tate, G.B., Cacchione, D., Cheng, R.T., Bidlake, W.R., and Ferreira, J., 1998, Water velocities and the potential for the movement of bed sediments in Sinclair Inlet of Puget Sound, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-572, vi, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98572.","productDescription":"vi, 140 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0572/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51714,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0572/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 47.14489748555398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prych, E. A.","contributorId":36163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tate, G. B.","contributorId":46119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":187947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bidlake, W. R.","contributorId":28953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidlake","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ferreira, J.T.","contributorId":25969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":50164,"text":"ofr98194 - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 5 (MAIDTH00040005) on Town Highway 4, crossing Cutler Mill Brook, Maidstone, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T10:06:07","indexId":"ofr98194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-194","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 5 (MAIDTH00040005) on Town Highway 4, crossing Cutler Mill Brook, Maidstone, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr98194","usgsCitation":"Striker, L., and Degnan, J., 1998, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 5 (MAIDTH00040005) on Town Highway 4, crossing Cutler Mill Brook, Maidstone, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-194, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98194.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280086,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0194/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striker, L.K.","contributorId":55872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striker","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Degnan, J.R.","contributorId":18423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degnan","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50232,"text":"ofr9854 - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 61 (MTHOTH00100061) on Town Highway 10, crossing Perry Brook, Mount Holly, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T09:35:33","indexId":"ofr9854","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-54","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 61 (MTHOTH00100061) on Town Highway 10, crossing Perry Brook, Mount Holly, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9854","usgsCitation":"Ivanoff, M., 1998, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 61 (MTHOTH00100061) on Town Highway 10, crossing Perry Brook, Mount Holly, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-54, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9854.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280026,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0054/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a585e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanoff, M.A.","contributorId":45758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanoff","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50225,"text":"ofr9858 - 1998 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 30 (NEWHTH00050030) on Town Highway 5, crossing the New Haven River, New Haven, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T12:52:56","indexId":"ofr9858","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-58","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 30 (NEWHTH00050030) on Town Highway 5, crossing the New Haven River, New Haven, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure NEWHTH00050030 on Town Highway 5 crossing the New Haven River, New Haven, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (Federal Highway Administration, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D.
The site is in the Champlain section of the St. Lawrence Valley physiographic province in west-central Vermont. The 115-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture on the right bank upstream and downstream of the bridge while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. The upstream left bank is also pasture. The downstream left bank is forested.
In the study area, the New Haven River has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.01 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 127 ft and an average bank height of 5 ft. The channel bed material ranges from silt to cobble with a median grain size (D50) of 20.4 mm (0.067 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on June 19, 1996, indicated that the reach was laterally unstable. The stream bends through the bridge and impacts the left bank where there is a cut bank and scour hole.
The Town Highway 5 crossing of the New Haven River is a 181-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of four 45-ft concrete tee-beam spans (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, December 15, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 175.9 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with stone fill spill-through embankments and three concrete piers. The channel is skewed approximately 15 degrees to the opening while the computed opening-skew-to-roadway is 10 degrees.
A scour hole 4.5 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed along the downstream left bank during the Level I assessment. Also observed was a scour hole 1.5 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth at the upstream end of the middle pier. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches diameter) in front of the left and right abutments creating spill through slopes. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E.
Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows.
Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 6.8 to 8.4 ft. The worst-case left abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Right abutment scour ranged from 11.2 to 14.0 ft. The worst-case right abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Pier scour ranged from 12.9 to 19.3 ft. The worst-case pier scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution.
It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9858","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Burns, R.L., and Wild, E.C., 1998, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 30 (NEWHTH00050030) on Town Highway 5, crossing the New Haven River, New Haven, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-58, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9858.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr9858.GIF"},{"id":279461,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0058/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"New Haven","otherGeospatial":"New Haven River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.75,43.5 ], [ -72.75,43.625 ], [ -72.625,43.625 ], [ -72.625,43.5 ], [ -72.75,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Ronda L.","contributorId":71602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Ronda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wild, Emily C. 0000-0001-6157-7629 ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":43971,"text":"ofr9885 - 1998 - Ground-water use by public-supply systems in Tennessee, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:29","indexId":"ofr9885","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-85","title":"Ground-water use by public-supply systems in Tennessee, 1995","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9885","usgsCitation":"Hutson, S.S., 1998, Ground-water use by public-supply systems in Tennessee, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-85, 1 map :col. ;17 x 52 cm., on sheet 64 x 92 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9885.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;17 x 52 cm., on sheet 64 x 92 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81403,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0085/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a309","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutson, Susan S. sshutson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutson","given":"Susan","email":"sshutson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":228918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50223,"text":"ofr98162 - 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