No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second nature: Environmental enrichment for captive animals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Miller, B.J., Biggins, D.E., Vargas, A., Hutchins, M., Hanebury, L., Godbey, J., Ceballos, G., Anderson, S., Oldemeyer, J., and Knopf, F.L., 1998, The captive environment and reintroduction: the black-footed ferret as a case study with comments on other taxa, chap. of Second nature: Environmental enrichment for captive animals, p. 97-112.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4253be4b0c825128ad483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, B. J.","contributorId":7641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, D. E.","contributorId":8781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vargas, Astrid","contributorId":42380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vargas","given":"Astrid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchins, M.","contributorId":112499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchins","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanebury, L.","contributorId":42905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanebury","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Godbey, J. L.","contributorId":75464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godbey","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ceballos, Gerardo","contributorId":20671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ceballos","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, S.","contributorId":45779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Oldemeyer, J. L.","contributorId":44481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldemeyer","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Knopf, F. L.","contributorId":57390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70175559,"text":"70175559 - 1998 - Foreword","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T16:32:58","indexId":"70175559","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreword","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161667","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., Scott, M.L., and Patten, D., 1998, Foreword: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 4, p. 497-497, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161667.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"497","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43946e4b03bcb01039fbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patten, Duncan","contributorId":146522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patten","given":"Duncan","affiliations":[{"id":13655,"text":"Montana State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184292,"text":"70184292 - 1998 - Grizzly bears and calving caribou: What is the relation with river corridors?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T16:15:58","indexId":"70184292","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grizzly bears and calving caribou: What is the relation with river corridors?","docAbstract":"Researchers have debated the effect of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline (TAP) and associated developments to caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the central Arctic herd (CAH) since the 1970s. Several studies have demonstrated that cows and calves of the CAH avoided the TAP corridor because of disturbance associated with the pipeline, whereas others have indicated that female caribou of the CAH avoided riparian habitats closely associated with the pipeline. This avoidance was explained as a predator-avoidance strategy. We investigated the relation between female caribou and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) use of river corridors on the yet undisturbed calving grounds of the Porcupine caribou herd (PCH) in northeastern Alaska. On the coastal plain, caribou were closer to river corridors than expected (P = 0.038), but bear use of river corridors did not differ from expected (P = 0.740). In the foothills, caribou use of river corridors did not differ from expected (P = 0.520), but bears were farther from rivers than expected (P = 0.001). Our results did not suggest an avoidance of river corridors by calving caribou or a propensity for bears to be associated with riparian habitats, presumably for stalking or ambush cover. We propose that PCH caribou reduce the risks of predation to neonates by migrating to a common calving grounds, where predator swamping is the operational antipredator strategy. Consequently, we hypothesize that nutritional demands, not predator avoidance strategies, ultimately regulate habitat use patterns (e.g., use of river corridors) of calving PCH caribou.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802286","usgsCitation":"Young, D.D., and McCabe, T.R., 1998, Grizzly bears and calving caribou: What is the relation with river corridors?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 1, p. 255-261, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802286.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"261","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.04150390625,\n 69.09013935122702\n ],\n [\n -141.0040283203125,\n 69.09013935122702\n ],\n [\n -141.0040283203125,\n 70.21301516830974\n ],\n [\n -145.04150390625,\n 70.21301516830974\n ],\n [\n -145.04150390625,\n 69.09013935122702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Donald D. Jr.","contributorId":57219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Thomas R.","contributorId":91255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185694,"text":"70185694 - 1998 - Selecting remediation goals by assessing the natural attenuation capacity of groundwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T16:14:38","indexId":"70185694","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1042,"text":"Bioremediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selecting remediation goals by assessing the natural attenuation capacity of groundwater systems","docAbstract":"Remediation goals for the source areas of a chlorinated ethene‐contaminated groundwater plume were identified by assessing the natural attenuation capacity of the aquifer system. The redox chemistry of the site indicates that sulfate‐reducing (H2 ∼ 2 nanomoles [nM]) per liter conditions near the contaminant source grade to Fe(III)‐reducing conditions (H2 ∼ 0.5 nM) downgradient of the source. Sulfate‐reducing conditions facilitate the initial reduction of perchloroethene (PCE) to trichloroethene (TCE), cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC). Subsequently, the Fe(III)‐reducing conditions drive the oxidation of cis‐DCE and VC to carbon dioxide and chloride. This sequence gives the aquifer a substantial capacity for biodegrading chlorinated ethenes. Natural attenuation capacity (the slope of the steady‐state contaminant concentration profile along a groundwater flowpath) is a function of biodegradation rates, aquifer dispersive characteristics, and groundwater flow velocity. The natural attenuation capacity at the Kings Bay, Georgia site was assessed by estimating groundwater flowrates (∼0.23 ± 0.12 m/d) and aquifer dispersivity (∼1 m) from hydrologic and scale considerations. Apparent biodegradation rate constants (PCE and TCE ∼ 0.01 d−1; cis‐DCE and VC ∼ 0.025 d−1) were estimated from observed contaminant concentration changes along aquifer flowpaths. A boundary‐value problem approach was used to estimate levels to which contaminant concentrations in the source areas must be lowered (by engineered removal), or groundwater flow velocities lowered (by pumping) for the natural attenuation capacity to achieve maximum concentration limits (MCLs) prior to reaching a predetermined regulatory point of compliance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10889869809380381","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., and Bradley, P.M., 1998, Selecting remediation goals by assessing the natural attenuation capacity of groundwater systems: Bioremediation Journal, v. 2, no. 3-4, p. 227-238, https://doi.org/10.1080/10889869809380381.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"227","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253be4b0543bf7fda86f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185269,"text":"70185269 - 1998 - Biodegradation of crude oil into nonvolatile organic acids in a contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T11:59:09","indexId":"70185269","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation of crude oil into nonvolatile organic acids in a contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota","docAbstract":"As the result of a pipeline burst, a body of light aliphatic crude oil floats atop the groundwater in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer in a remote area outside Bemidji, Minnesota. Biodegradation has resulted in the formation of a plume of DOC downgradient from the oil body. Groundwater has also been contaminated in an area known as the spray zone, from vertical infiltration of DOC resulting from biodegradation of crude oil in the overlying unsaturated zone. The majority of DOC in the contaminated groundwater is in the form of nonvolatile organic acids (NVOA's) which represent the partial oxidation products of the crude oil constituents. The NVOA's have been classified into three fractions according to their isolation on XAD resins: hydrophobic neutrals (HPO-N), hydrophobic acids (HPO-A) and hydrophilic acids (HPI-A). These fractions of NVOA's were isolated from a well downgradient from the oil body (well 530; DOC=21 mg C/l), from a well in the spray zone (well 603; DOC=15 mg C/l) and from an uncontaminated well upgradient of the oil body where the naturally occurring DOC is 2.9 mg C/l (well 310). The three sets of NVOA's were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, 14C ages and liquid phase 1H and 13C NMR. The crude oil and the saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene fractions of the crude oil were similarly analyzed by elemental analysis and NMR. The NVOA's from the contaminated wells were clearly distinguishable from the naturally occurring groundwater DOC. Based upon molecular weights, sulfur contents, aromaticities and the presence of methyl groups bonded to aromatic rings, the characterization data suggests that the NVOA's originate from the C18 or greater alkylaromatic, naphthenoaromatic and sulfur-containing constituents of the crude oil, including possibly the resins and asphaltenes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00167-3","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Aiken, G., 1998, Biodegradation of crude oil into nonvolatile organic acids in a contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota: Organic Geochemistry, v. 29, no. 4, p. 909-931, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00167-3.","productDescription":"23 p. ","startPage":"909","endPage":"931","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.998779296875,\n 47.342545069660225\n ],\n [\n -94.6966552734375,\n 47.342545069660225\n ],\n [\n -94.6966552734375,\n 47.589494110887394\n ],\n [\n -94.998779296875,\n 47.589494110887394\n ],\n [\n -94.998779296875,\n 47.342545069660225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59fe4b0849ce97f0cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185240,"text":"70185240 - 1998 - Identifying and mitigating errors in satellite telemetry of polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T15:32:36","indexId":"70185240","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying and mitigating errors in satellite telemetry of polar bears","docAbstract":"Satellite radiotelemetry is a useful method of tracking movements of animals that travel long distances or inhabit remote areas. However, the logistical constraints that encourage the use of satellite telemetry also inhibit efforts to assess accuracy of the resulting data. To investigate effectiveness of methods that might be used to improve the reliability of these data, we compared 3 sets of criteria designed to select the most plausible locations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) that were tracked using satellite radiotelemetry in the Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara seas during 1988-93. We also evaluated several indices of location accuracy. Our results suggested that, although indices could provide information useful in evaluating location accuracy, no index or set of criteria was sufficient to identify all the implausible locations. Thus, it was necessary to examine the data and make subjective decisions about which locations to accept or reject. However, by using a formal set of selection criteria, we simplified the task of evaluating locations and ensured that decisions were made consistently. This approach also enabled us to evaluate biases that may be introduced by the criteria used to identify location errors. For our study, the best set of selection criteria comprised: (1) rejecting locations for which the distance to the nearest other point from the same day was >50 km; (2) determining the highest accuracy code (NLOC) for a particular day and rejecting locations from that day with lesser values; and (3) from the remaining locations for each day, selecting the location closest to the location chosen for the previous transmission period. Although our selection criteria seemed unlikely to bias studies of habitat use or geographic distribution, basing selection decisions on distances between points might bias studies of movement rates or distances. It is unlikely that any set of criteria will be best for all situations; to make efficient use of data and minimize bias, these rules must be tailored to specific study objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Arthur, S.M., Garner, G.W., and Olson, T.L., 1998, Identifying and mitigating errors in satellite telemetry of polar bears: Ursus, v. 10, p. 413-419.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"419","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol9_20","text":"Volume 10 on Journal's Website"}],"volume":"10","publicComments":"This volume is titled \"A selection of papers from the Tenth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 1995, and Mora, Sweden, September 1995.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba425e4b0849ce97dc7c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, Stephen M.","contributorId":189438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Tamara L.","contributorId":29971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000657,"text":"1000657 - 1998 - Pressure as a limit to bloater (Coregonus hoyi) vertical migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:51:03","indexId":"1000657","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure as a limit to bloater (Coregonus hoyi) vertical migration","docAbstract":"Observations of bloater vertical migration showed a limit to the vertical depth changes that bloater experience. In this paper, we conducted an analysis of maximum differences in pressure encountered by bloater during vertical migration. Throughout the bottom depths studied, bloater experienced maximum reductions in swim bladder volume equal to approximately 50-60% of the volume in midwater. The analysis indicated that the limit in vertical depth change may be related to a maximum level of positive or negative buoyancy for which bloater can compensate using alternative mechanisms such as hydrodynamic lift. Bloater may be limited in the extent of migration by either their depth of neutral buoyancy or the distance above the depth of neutral buoyancy at which they can still maintain their position in the water column. Although a migration limit for the bloater population was evident, individual distances of migration varied at each site. These variations in migration distances may indicate differences in depths of neutral buoyancy within the population. However, in spite of these variations, the strong correlation between shallowest depths of migration and swim bladder volume reduction across depths provides evidence that hydrostatic pressure limits the extent of daily vertical movement in bloater.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.2307/1447359","usgsCitation":"TeWinkel, L.M., and Fleischer, G.W., 1998, Pressure as a limit to bloater (Coregonus hoyi) vertical migration: Copeia, v. 1998, no. 4, p. 1060-1063, https://doi.org/10.2307/1447359.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1060","endPage":"1063","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1998","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"TeWinkel, Leslie M.","contributorId":40168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TeWinkel","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020414,"text":"70020414 - 1998 - Black bear depredation on agricultural commodities in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70020414","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black bear depredation on agricultural commodities in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"We used response to a mail survey (n = 848) to evaluate the extent and severity of depredation by black bears (Ursus americanus) on agricultural commodities in Massachusetts and to assess producers' attitudes toward and tolerance of bear depredation. Damage abatement techniques were ranked for effectiveness by producers of corn, bees and honey, and livestock and dairy products. Results showed differences in perception of effects of bear depredation among commodity groups. Producers of corn and livestock and dairy products considered bear damage to be low to moderate in severity whereas beekeepers thought their losses were substantial or severe. Most estimates of economic loss were <$1,000 per year. Respondents considered bears to be an inconvenience, but thought they should remain a part of our natural heritage. There was no significant relationship between producers' experience with or economic dependence on their product and their attitude toward bears or their tolerance of bear damage. We conclude that there is need for effective education programs for agricultural producers, strengthened working relationships between producers and state fish and wildlife agencies, incorporation of producers' suggestions into management decisions, and investment in effective, economical, and long-term solutions to bear depredations for each affected commodity group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Jonker, S., Parkhurst, J., Field, R., and Fuller, T., 1998, Black bear depredation on agricultural commodities in Massachusetts: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 26, no. 2, p. 318-324.","startPage":"318","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1d6e4b0c8380cd4ae5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonker, S.A.","contributorId":36319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonker","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, J.A.","contributorId":17008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, R.","contributorId":105813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020459,"text":"70020459 - 1998 - Oceanic methane hydrate: The character of the Blake Ridge hydrate stability zone, and the potential for methane extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:01:38","indexId":"70020459","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2418,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceanic methane hydrate: The character of the Blake Ridge hydrate stability zone, and the potential for methane extraction","docAbstract":"Oceanic methane hydrates are mineral deposits formed from a crystalline 'ice' of methane and water in sea-floor sediments (buried to less than about 1 km) in water depths greater than about 500 m; economic hydrate deposits are probably restricted to water depths of between 1.5 km and 4 km. Gas hydrates increase a sediment's strength both by 'freezing' the sediment and by filling the pore spaces in a manner similar to water-ice in permafrost. Concentrated hydrate deposits may be underlain by significant volumes of methane gas, and these localities are the most favourable sites for methane gas extraction operations. Seismic reflection records indicate that trapped gas may blow-out naturally, causing large-scale seafloor collapse. In this paper, we consider both the physical properties and the structural integrity of the hydrate stability zone and the associated free gas deposits, with special reference to the Blake Ridge area, SE US offshore, in order to help establish a suitable framework for the safe, efficient, and economic recovery of methane from oceanic gas hydrates. We also consider the potential effects of the extraction of methane from hydrate (such as induced sea-floor faulting, gas venting, and gas-pocket collapse). We assess the ambient pressure effect on the production of methane by hydrate dissociation, and attempt to predict the likelihood of spontaneous gas flow in a production situation.Oceanic methane hydrates are mineral sits formed from a crystalline `ice' of methane and water in sea-floor sediments (buried to less than about 1 km) in water depths greater than about 500 m; economic hydrate deposits are probably restricted to water depths of between 1.5 km and 4 km. Gas hydrates increase a sediment's strength both by `freezing' the sediment and by filling the pore spaces in a manner similar to water-ice in permafrost. Concentrated hydrate deposits may be underlain by significant volumes of methane gas, and these localities are the most favourable sites for methane gas extraction operations. Seismic reflection records indicate that trapped gas may blow-out naturally, causing large-scale seafloor collapse. In this paper, we consider both the physical properties and the structural integrity of the hydrate stability zone and the associated free gas deposits, with special reference to the Blake Ridge area, SE US offshore, in order to help establish a suitable framework for the safe, efficient, and economic recovery of methane from oceanic gas hydrates. We also consider the potential effects of the extraction of methane from hydrate (such as induced sea-floor faulting, gas venting, and gas-pocket collapse). We assess the ambient pressure effect on the production of methane by hydrate dissociation, and attempt to predict the likelihood of spontaneous gas flow in a production situation.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00786.x","issn":"01416421","usgsCitation":"Max, M., and Dillon, W.P., 1998, Oceanic methane hydrate: The character of the Blake Ridge hydrate stability zone, and the potential for methane extraction: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 343-357, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00786.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"357","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00786.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c9ae4b0c8380cd74cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Max, M.D.","contributorId":17366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Max","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020454,"text":"70020454 - 1998 - Asymmetric radiation of seismic waves from an atoll: nuclear tests in French Polynesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T14:46:08","indexId":"70020454","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asymmetric radiation of seismic waves from an atoll: nuclear tests in French Polynesia","docAbstract":"Seismic records of nuclear tests detonated in the Mururoa Atoll in French Polynesia show large unpredicted arrivals 2.2 and 4.5 seconds (X1 and X2) after the P-wave at the Australian Warramunga Array. These arrivals are not observed at the Canadian Yellowknife Array. X1 and X2 are also absent on Warramunga Array recordings of tests carried out at the Fangataufa Atoll situated 40 km SSE of Mururoa. Array analysis shows that X1 and X2 are produced within the source area. The layered crustal structure of the atoll, significant local inhomogeneities, and focusing effects due to the elongated shape and the steep flanks of the Mururoa Atoll are most likely responsible for X1 and X2. The form of Mururoa (28 × 10 km) and its East-West orientation is due to its location on the Austral Fracture Zone (AFZ). The Fangataufa Atoll on the other hand is almost circular (10 km diameter) and is unaffected by the dynamics along the AFZ. Our observations demonstrate that complicated structures in the source area can significantly alter the wave field at teleseismic distances and produce a large magnitude (mb) bias. A better understanding of the exact cause of these unusual seismic observations will only become possible, if the coordinates of the tests and information on the detailed 3-D structure of the atolls are released.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98GL51306","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Weber, M.J., Wicks, C., Kruger, F., Jahnke, G., and Schlittenhardt, J., 1998, Asymmetric radiation of seismic waves from an atoll: nuclear tests in French Polynesia: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1967-1970, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL51306.","startPage":"1967","endPage":"1970","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278562,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98GL51306"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee98e4b0c8380cd49e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, Michael J.","contributorId":83799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr.","contributorId":68169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kruger, Frank","contributorId":42485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruger","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jahnke, Gunnar","contributorId":63680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahnke","given":"Gunnar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schlittenhardt, Jorg","contributorId":97769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlittenhardt","given":"Jorg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020452,"text":"70020452 - 1998 - Observations on basaltic lava streams in tubes from Kilauea Volcano, island of Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:16:06.768999","indexId":"70020452","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on basaltic lava streams in tubes from Kilauea Volcano, island of Hawai'i","docAbstract":"From 1986 to 1997, the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea produced a vast pahoehoe flow field fed by lava tubes that extended 10–12 km from vents on the volcano's east rift zone to the ocean. Within a kilometer of the vent, tubes were as much as 20 m high and 10–25 m wide. On steep slopes (4–10°) a little farther away from the vent, some tubes formed by roofing over of lava channels. Lava streams were typically 1–2 m deep flowing within a tube that here was typically 5 m high and 3 m wide. On the coastal plain (<1°), tubes within inflated sheet flows were completely filled, typically 1–2 m high, and several tens of meters wide. Tubes develop as a flow's crust grows on the top, bottom, and sides of the tubes, restricting the size of the fluid core. The tubes start out with nearly elliptical cross-sectional shapes, many times wider than high. Broad, flat sheet flows evolve into elongate tumuli with an axial crack as the flanks of the original flow were progressively buried by breakouts. Temperature measurements and the presence of stalactites in active tubes confirmed that the tube walls were above the solidus and subject to melting. Sometimes, the tubes began downcutting. Progressive downcutting was frequently observed through skylights; a rate of 10 cm/d was measured at one skylight for nearly 2 months.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB03576","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J., Cashman, K.V., Mattox, T.N., Heliker, C.C., Hon, K., Mangan, M.T., and Thornber, C., 1998, Observations on basaltic lava streams in tubes from Kilauea Volcano, island of Hawai'i: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B11, p. 27303-27323, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB03576.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"27303","endPage":"27323","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479744,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb03576","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6acbe4b0c8380cd74373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. 0000-0003-3777-503X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":26087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, K. V.","contributorId":16831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattox, T. N.","contributorId":55450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattox","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heliker, C. Christina","contributorId":14694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hon, K.A.","contributorId":57148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thornber, C.R.","contributorId":69302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70020451,"text":"70020451 - 1998 - Early Archean crust in the northern Wyoming province: Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T15:51:30.032856","indexId":"70020451","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Archean crust in the northern Wyoming province: Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons","docAbstract":"U–Pb ages of individual detrital and metamorphic zircons from 12 Archean metasedimentary rocks, including quartzites, from the Beartooth, Ruby, and Tobacco Root uplifts of the northern Wyoming province indicate that they were deposited between 2.7 and 3.2 Ga. Younger, metamorphic zircons are found as overgrowths and new grains in some samples, and yield ages between 2.7 and 1.9 Ga. They are, however, much less abundant than detrital grains, which constitute >75% of the 355 grains analyzed. The majority of the detrital grains have ages between 3.2 and 3.4 Ga; none are younger than 2.9 Ga. Grains with 207Pb/206Pb ages between 3.4 and 4.0 Ga constituted approximately 15% of all grains with analyses within 10% of concordia, but are concentrated in samples from the eastern Beartooth Mountains. Comparison of the average of the Pb–Pb ages of individual zircons within 10% of concordia with previously published Lu–Hf chondritic model ages for some individual samples suggests that the age distribution recorded by the U–Pb system in these zircons has not been significantly disturbed by pre- or post-depositional Pb-loss. Collectively, these data suggest that the individual metasedimentary rocks did not completely share a common provenance and that a major crust-forming cycle occurred 3.2 to 3.4 Ga. In conjunction with previously published U–Th–Pb whole-rock data, these results suggest that rocks with a relatively high proportion of >3.4 Ga grains may have had crust of comparable age in their provenance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00055-2","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Mueller, P., Wooden, J.L., Nutman, A., and Mogk, D., 1998, Early Archean crust in the northern Wyoming province: Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons: Precambrian Research, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 295-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00055-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0474e4b0c8380cd509c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nutman, A.P.","contributorId":16177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutman","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mogk, D.W.","contributorId":61575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020462,"text":"70020462 - 1998 - Methods for assessing the impacts of ultraviolet-B radiation on aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70020462,"text":"70020462 - 1998 - Methods for assessing the impacts of ultraviolet-B radiation on aquatic invertebrates","indexId":"70020462","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Methods for assessing the impacts of ultraviolet-B radiation on aquatic invertebrates"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70073677,"text":"70073677 - 1998 - Environmental toxicology and risk assessment: Seventh volume","indexId":"70073677","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Environmental toxicology and risk assessment: Seventh volume"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70073677,"text":"70073677 - 1998 - Environmental toxicology and risk assessment: Seventh volume","indexId":"70073677","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Environmental toxicology and risk assessment: Seventh volume"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-17T11:58:08","indexId":"70020462","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5638,"text":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","printIssn":"1071-720X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"STP1333","title":"Methods for assessing the impacts of ultraviolet-B radiation on aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"A standard methodology for assessing the impacts of simulated solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) on aquatic invertebrates was established. A solar simulator was used to expose a variety of aquatic invertebrates to different levels of UV-B. The simulator was calibrated as close as possible to match local ambient solar radiation measured in and out of water with a scanning spectroradiometer. A series of repeated exposures were conducted to determine the effects of UV-B on two species of Ceriodaphnia. Survivorship of C. reticulata declined with increasing UV-B with 100% mortality occurring after four daily 5 hr exposures to a UV-B irradiance that was 14% of ambient sunlight (40.8/μW/cm2) and 70% mortality for C. dubia after seven days of an exposure to 5% of ambient (14.5μW/cm2). Significant reductions in fertility (#young/adult) was observed in both low and high light adapted individuals with low light individuals appearing to be more sensitive. This methodology allowed us to make comparisons to natural conditions in aquatic habitats and to make risk assessments for individual species.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental toxicology and risk assessment: Seventh volume (STP1333)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASTM International","doi":"10.1520/STP12153S","isbn":"978-0-8031-1485-2","usgsCitation":"Hurtubise, R., Little, E.E., and Havel, J., 1998, Methods for assessing the impacts of ultraviolet-B radiation on aquatic invertebrates: ASTM Special Technical Publication STP1333, v. 7, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1520/STP12153S.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a559ee4b0c8380cd6d246","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686347,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenberg, Bruce M.","contributorId":103577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686348,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J. 0000-0002-3752-2799 adelonay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":2725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"adelonay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686349,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Hurtubise, R.D.","contributorId":61592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurtubise","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Havel, J.E.","contributorId":72548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havel","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020436,"text":"70020436 - 1998 - Magnitude and significance of carbon burial in lakes, reservoirs, and peatlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T00:41:00.921992","indexId":"70020436","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnitude and significance of carbon burial in lakes, reservoirs, and peatlands","docAbstract":"Globally, lakes are currently accumulating organic carbon (OC) at an estimated annual rate of about 42 Tgṁyr−1. Most of the OC in all but the most oligotrophic of these lakes is autochthonous, produced by primary production in the lakes. The sediments of reservoirs accumulate an additional 160 Tg annually, and peatlands contribute 96 Tg annually. These three carbon pools collectively cover less than 2% of the Earth's surface and constitute a carbon sink of about 300 Tgṁyr−1. Although the oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface, they accumulate OC at a rate of only about 100 Tgṁyr−1.
There is concern that caribou (Rangifer tarandus) may avoid roads and facilities (i.e., infrastructure) in the Prudhoe Bay oil field (PBOF) in northern Alaska, and that this avoidance can have negative effects on the animals. We quantified the relationship between caribou distribution and PBOF infrastructure during the post-calving period (mid-June to mid-August) with aerial surveys from 1990 to 1995. We conducted four to eight surveys per year with complete coverage of the PBOF. We identified active oil field infrastructure and used a geographic information system (GIS) to construct ten 1 km wide concentric intervals surrounding the infrastructure. We tested whether caribou distribution is related to distance from infrastructure with a chi-squared habitat utilization-availability analysis and log-linear regression. We considered bulls, calves, and total caribou of all sex/age classes separately. The habitat utilization-availability analysis indicated there was no consistent trend of attraction to or avoidance of infrastructure. Caribou frequently were more abundant than expected in the intervals close to infrastructure, and this trend was more pronounced for bulls and for total caribou of all sex/age classes than for calves. Log-linear regression (with Poisson error structure) of numbers of caribou and distance from infrastructure were also done, with and without combining data into the 1 km distance intervals. The analysis without intervals revealed no relationship between caribou distribution and distance from oil field infrastructure, or between caribou distribution and Julian date, year, or distance from the Beaufort Sea coast. The log-linear regression with caribou combined into distance intervals showed the density of bulls and total caribou of all sex/age classes declined with distance from infrastructure. Our results indicate that during the post-calving period: 1) caribou distribution is largely unrelated to distance from infrastructure; 2) caribou regularly use habitats in the PBOF; 3) caribou often occur close to infrastructure; and 4) caribou do not appear to avoid oil field infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","publisherLocation":"Calgary, AB","doi":"10.14430/arctic1050","issn":"00040843","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., Noel, L.E., McDonald, T.L., and Ballard, W.B., 1998, Caribou distribution during the post-calving period in relation to infrastructure in the Prudhoe Bay oil field, Alaska: Arctic, v. 51, no. 2, p. 85-93, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1050.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"93","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prudhoe Bay Oil Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 69.93406993820341\n ],\n [\n -147.227783203125,\n 69.93406993820341\n ],\n [\n -147.227783203125,\n 70.63448406630856\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 70.63448406630856\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 69.93406993820341\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f37ce4b0c8380cd4b837","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noel, Lynn E.","contributorId":179096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noel","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Warren B.","contributorId":172887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020441,"text":"70020441 - 1998 - Greenland Sea Odden sea ice feature: Intra-annual and interannual variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T16:26:22.417077","indexId":"70020441","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenland Sea Odden sea ice feature: Intra-annual and interannual variability","docAbstract":"The “Odden” is a large sea ice feature that forms in the east Greenland Sea that may protrude eastward to 5°E from the main sea ice pack (at about 8°W) between 73° and 77°N. It generally forms at the beginning of the winter season and can cover 300,000 km2. Throughout the winter the outer edge of the Odden may advance and retreat by several hundred kilometers on timescales of a few days to weeks. Satellite passive microwave observations from 1978 through 1995 provide a continuous record of the spatial and temporal variations of this extremely dynamic phenomenon. Aircraft synthetic aperture radar, satellite passive microwave, and ship observations in the Odden show that the Odden consists of new ice types, rather than older ice types advected eastward from the main pack. The 17-year record shows both strong interannual and intra-annual variations in Odden extent and temporal behavior. For example, in 1983 the Odden was weak, in 1984 the Odden did not occur, and in 1985 the Odden returned late in the season. An analysis of the ice area and extent time series derived from the satellite passive microwave observations along with meteorological data from the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) determined the meteorological forcing associated with Odden growth, maintenance, and decay. The key meteorological parameters that are related to the rapid ice formation and decay associated with the Odden are, in order of importance, air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction. Oceanographic parameters must play an important role in controlling Odden formation, but it is not yet possible to quantify this role because of a lack of long-term oceanographic observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JC00375","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Shuchman, R., Josberger, E., Russel, C., Fischer, K., Johannessen, O., Johannessen, J., and Gloersen, P., 1998, Greenland Sea Odden sea ice feature: Intra-annual and interannual variability: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 103, no. C6, p. 12709-12724, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JC00375.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"12709","endPage":"12724","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489077,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jc00375","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"C6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6ce4b0c8380cd5b177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shuchman, R.A.","contributorId":27204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuchman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russel, C.A.","contributorId":6219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russel","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischer, K.W.","contributorId":11379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johannessen, O.M.","contributorId":30766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannessen","given":"O.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johannessen, J.","contributorId":44318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannessen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gloersen, P.","contributorId":55961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloersen","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70020448,"text":"70020448 - 1998 - The chemical evolution of Kurnub Group palcowater in the Sinai-Negev province - A mass balance approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020448","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical evolution of Kurnub Group palcowater in the Sinai-Negev province - A mass balance approach","docAbstract":"The chemical evolution of the Kurnub Group paleowater was studied starting from rainwater in recharge areas of the Sinai and along groundwater flowpaths leading to the natural outlets of this regional aquifer. This was achieved by investigating the chemical composition of groundwater, ionic ratios, degrees of saturation with common mineral species, normative analysis of dissolved salts and by modeling of rock/water interaction and mixing processes occurring along groundwater flow paths. The initial groundwater composition used is from the Nakhel well in Sinai. It evolves from desert rainwater percolating through typical Kurnub Group lithology in Sinai. This rainwater dissolves mainly gypsum, halite and dolomite together with smaller amounts of marine aerosol and K-feldspar. At the same time it precipitates calcite, SiO2, smectite and degasses CO2. Between the area of Nakhel and the northern Negev the chemistry of Kurnub Group waters is influenced by dissolution of halite and lesser amounts of gypsum of surficial origin in recharge areas, small amounts of feldspars and of dolomite cement in sandstones eroded from the Arabo-Nubian igneous massif of Sinai and organic degradation-derived CO2. Concomitantly, there is precipitation of calcite, smectite, SiO2 and probably analcime characteristic of sediments in continental closed basins. North of the Negev, the Kurnub Group fluids are diluted and altered by mixing with Judea Group aquifer groundwaters. On the E there is mixing with residual brines from the water body ancestral to the Dead Sea, prior to discharge into the Arava valley. Rock/water interaction indicated by NETPATH and PHREEQC modeling is in agreement with lithology and facies changes previously observed in the Kurnub Group sequence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00092-9","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Rosenthal, E., Jones, B., and Weinberger, G., 1998, The chemical evolution of Kurnub Group palcowater in the Sinai-Negev province - A mass balance approach: Applied Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 5, p. 553-569, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00092-9.","startPage":"553","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00092-9"},{"id":231485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2be4b08c986b32273d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenthal, E.","contributorId":72562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenthal","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weinberger, G.","contributorId":70958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinberger","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020465,"text":"70020465 - 1998 - Dating previously balanced rocks in seismically active parts of California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T00:38:00.828447","indexId":"70020465","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating previously balanced rocks in seismically active parts of California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Precariously balanced boulders that could be knocked down by strong earthquake ground motion are found in some seismically active areas of southern California and Nevada. In this study we used two independent surface-exposure dating techniques—rock-varnish microlamination and cosmogenic 36Cl dating methodologies—to estimate minimum- and maximum-limiting ages, respectively, of the precarious boulders and by inference the elapsed time since the sites were shaken down. The results of the exposure dating indicate that all of the precarious rocks are >10.5 ka and that some may be significantly older. At Victorville and Jacumba, California, these results show that the precarious rocks have not been knocked down for at least 10.5 k.y., a conclusion in apparent conflict with some commonly used probabilistic seismic hazard maps. At Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the ages of the precarious rocks are >10.5 to >27.0 ka, providing an independent measure of the minimum time elapsed since faulting occurred on the Solitario Canyon fault.
Relative changes in the level of Lake Baikal, amounting to hundreds of meters in Quaternary time, are well documented. Data presented here show that tectonic displacements of the lake outlet or former shoreline features are entirely sufficient to explain these relative lake-level changes. In contrast, the morphology and hydrology of the lake make its level hydrologically insensitive to climate change. Available evidence indicates that, throughout the past several hundred thousand years, Lake Baikal was a dilute, through-flowing lake controlled by the level of its outlet. On the basis of geologic data alone, climatic effects on lake level, whatever their magnitude, are difficult to separate from those caused by active rift tectonism. However, consideration of (1) the hydrologic budget of the lake and (2) the configuration of the outlet suggests that potential lake-level fluctuations due solely to climate change were less than about 2 m.
This paper examines the linkages between the carbon cycle and sedimentary processes on land. Available data suggest that sedimentation on land can bury vast quantities of organic carbon, roughly 1015 g C yr−1. To evaluate the relative roles of various classes of processes in the burial of carbon on land, terrestrial sedimentation was modeled as a series of 864 scenarios. Each scenario represents a unique choice of intensities for seven classes of processes and two different global wetland distributions. Comparison was made with presumed preagricultural conditions. The classes of processes were divided into two major component parts: clastic sedimentation of soil-derived carbon and organic sedimentation of autochthonous carbon. For clastic sedimentation, masses of sediment were considered for burial as reservoir sediment, lake sediment, and combined colluvium, alluvium, and aeolian deposits. When the ensemble of models is examined, the human-induced burial of 0.6-1.5·1015 g yr−1 of carbon on land is entirely plausible. This sink reaches its maximum strength between 30° and 50° N. Paddy lands stand out as a type of land use that warrants future study, but the many faces of rice agriculture limit generalization. In an extreme scenario, paddy lands alone could be made to bury about 1·1015 g C yr−1. Arguing that terrestrial sedimentation processes could be much of the sink for the so called “missing carbon” is reasonable. Such a hypothesis, however, requires major redesign of how the carbon cycle is modeled. Unlike ecosystem processes that are amenable to satellite monitoring and parallel modeling, many aspects of terrestrial sedimentation are hidden from space.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98GB00741","usgsCitation":"Stallard, R.F., 1998, Terrestrial sedimentation and the carbon cycle: Coupling weathering and erosion to carbon burial: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 12, no. 2, p. 231-257, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GB00741.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479885,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98gb00741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba562e4b08c986b3209f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020417,"text":"70020417 - 1998 - Kerogen maturation and incipient graphitization of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma and Arkansas: A combined petrographic and Raman spectrometric study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70020417","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kerogen maturation and incipient graphitization of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma and Arkansas: A combined petrographic and Raman spectrometric study","docAbstract":"Dispersed kerogen of the Woodford-Chattanooga and Atoka Formations from the subsurface of the Arkoma Basin show a wide range of thermal maturities (0.38 to 6.1% R(o)) indicating thermal conditions ranging from diagenesis to incipient rock metamorphism. Raman spectral analysis reveals systematic changes of both the first- and second-order spectrum with increasing thermal maturity. These changes include a pronounced increase in the D/O peak height ratio accompanied by a narrowing of the D peak, a gradual decrease in the D/O peak width ratio, and a shift of both peaks toward higher wave numbers. Second-order Raman peaks, though less intensive, also show systematic peak shifting as a function of R(o). These empirical results underscore the high potential of Raman spectrometry as a fast and reliable geothermometer of mature to supermature hydrocarbon source rocks, and as an indicator of thermal maturity levels within the anchizone.Dispersed kerogen of the Woodford-Chattanooga and Atoka Formations from the subsurface of the Arkoma Basin show a wide range of thermal maturities (0.38 to 6.1% Ro) indicating thermal conditions ranging from diagenesis to incipient rock metamorphism. Raman spectral analysis reveals systematic changes of both the first- and second-order spectrum with increasing thermal maturity. These changes include a pronounced increase in the D/O peak height ratio accompanied by a narrowing of the D peak, a gradual decrease in the D/O peak width ratio, and a shift of both peaks toward higher wave numbers. Second-order Raman peaks, though less intensive, also show systematic peak shifting as a function of Ro. These empirical results underscore the high potential of Raman spectrometry as a fast and reliable geothermometer of mature to supermature hydrocarbon source rocks, and as an indicator of thermal maturity levels within the anchizone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00021-7","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Spotl, C., Houseknecht, D., and Jaques, R., 1998, Kerogen maturation and incipient graphitization of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma and Arkansas: A combined petrographic and Raman spectrometric study: Organic Geochemistry, v. 28, no. 9-10, p. 535-542, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00021-7.","startPage":"535","endPage":"542","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206868,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00021-7"},{"id":231020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4074e4b0c8380cd64d9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spotl, C.","contributorId":11342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaques, R.C.","contributorId":63195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaques","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021102,"text":"70021102 - 1998 - Salinity trends in surface waters of the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T11:20:35.700744","indexId":"70021102","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity trends in surface waters of the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Dissolved-solids data collected in the Upper Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, Colorado, and in the Gunnison River Basin were analyzed for trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and loads for water years 1970 to 1993, 1980 to 1993, and 1986 to 1993. Trend results for flow-adjusted periodic dissolved-solids concentrations for the Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, CO, generally were downward or no trend was indicated. Trends in flow-adjusted monthly and annual dissolved-solids loads primarily were downward or absent. These trend results partly agree with the downward trends reported by a previous investigation for the Colorado River near Cameo site. In the Gunnison River Basin, trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and loads were not detected for more than one-half of the site/analysis-period combinations. Of the trends that were present, most indicated decreases in concentrations and loads rather than increases. In both the Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, CO, and the Gunnison River Basin, trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and flow-adjusted monthly and annual dissolved-solids loads may be affected by a variety of factors. These include channel evolution and hydrologic variation, water quality and flow rate of groundwater discharges and springs, sample size and period of record of dissolved-solids data, and changes in land use in the basin.
Average velocities for time intervals ranging from <1 to 15 years were measured by tracking ice-surface patterns on sequential Landsat and European Remote-sensing Satellite synthetic aperture radar images. Velocities of Thwaites Glacier range from 2.2 km a-1 above the grounding line to 3.4 km a-1 at the limit of measurements on Thwaites Glacier ice tongue. The glacier increases in velocity by about 1 km a-1 where it crosses the grounding line. Over the period 1984-93, Thwaites Glacier ice tongue accelerated by about 0.6 km a-1. Velocities of the floating part of several minor glaciers and some ice shelves are also determined: Land Glacier, 1.7-1.9 km a-1; DeVicq Glacier, 0.7-1.1 km a-1; Dotson Ice Shelf, 0.2-0.5 km a-1; Getz Ice Shelf, 0.2-0.8 km a-1; and Sulzberger Ice Shelf, 0.01-0.02 km a-1. The high velocities along the Marie Byrd Land coast are consistent with the high precipitation rates over West Antarctica and, for some of the glaciers, the lack of buttressing ice shelves.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/1998AoG27-1-47-53","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Rosanova, C., Lucchitta, B., and Ferrigno, J., 1998, Velocities of Thwaites Glacier and smaller glaciers along the Marie Byrd Land coast, West Antarctica: Annals of Glaciology, v. 27, p. 47-53, https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG27-1-47-53.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-47-53","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Marie Byrd Land, Thwaites Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.04820126847721,\n -75.75247521923728\n ],\n [\n -102.64636854280855,\n -74.24926951119446\n ],\n [\n -120.76879966633066,\n -72.25690371722537\n ],\n [\n -124.9482050647864,\n -72.0337568161302\n ],\n [\n -128.94679994999498,\n -72.73397912494998\n ],\n [\n -136.59780288237764,\n -73.89256093467202\n ],\n [\n -141.7014555662805,\n -74.08644188622097\n ],\n [\n -148.98496234308786,\n -75.28023156297127\n ],\n [\n -153.24586605672292,\n -76.29783733193298\n ],\n [\n -159.03458479959156,\n -76.5660269143949\n ],\n [\n -164.853715475366,\n -77.9194879151742\n ],\n [\n -161.524041903742,\n -78.74994702440699\n ],\n [\n -149.59784685215666,\n -77.88236832728519\n ],\n [\n -145.53511102403613,\n -76.28221164787584\n ],\n [\n -135.16187842485917,\n -75.40224471626082\n ],\n [\n -122.65036324372977,\n -74.36141143148107\n ],\n [\n -114.2239998065539,\n -74.76074345506773\n ],\n [\n -110.30294501647364,\n -75.75814973125316\n ],\n [\n -104.04820126847721,\n -75.75247521923728\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1f2e4b08c986b32a839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosanova, C.E.","contributorId":63548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucchitta, B.K.","contributorId":35288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, J.G.","contributorId":104559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020447,"text":"70020447 - 1998 - New U-Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of Devonian time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020447","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New U-Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of Devonian time","docAbstract":"Newly determined U-Pb zircon ages of volcanic ashes closely tied to biostratigraphic zones are used to revise the Devonian time-scale. They are: 1) 417.6 ?? 1.0 Ma for an ash within the conodont zone of Icriodus woschmidti/I. w. hesperius Lochkovian); 2) 408.3 ?? 1.9 Ma for an ash of early Emsian age correlated with the conodont zones of Po. dehiscens--Lower Po. inversus; 3) 391.4 ?? 1.8 Ma for an ash within the Po. c. costatus Zone and probably within the upper half of the zone (Eifelian); and 4) 381.1 ?? 1.3 Ma for an ash within the range of the Frasnian conodont Palmatolepis punctata (Pa. punctata Zone to Upper Pa. hassi Zone). U-Pb zircon ages for two rhyolites bracketing a palyniferous bed of the pusillites-lepidophyta spore zone, are dated at 363.8 ?? 2.2 Ma and 363 ?? 2.2 Ma and 363.4 ?? 1.8 Ma, respectively, suggesting an age of ~363 Ma for a level within the late Famennian Pa. g. expansa Zone. These data, together with other published zircon ages, suggest that the base and top of the Devonian lie close to 418 Ma and 362 Ma, respectively, thus lengthening the period of ~20% over current estimates. We suggest that the duration of the Middle Devonian (Eifelian and Givitian) is rather brief, perhaps no longer than 11.5 Myr (394 Ma-382.5 Ma), and that the Emsian and Famennian are the longest stages in the period with estimated durations of ~15.5 Myr and 14.5 Myr, respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00050-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.D., Bradley, D.C., Ver Straeten, C.A., Harris, A., Ebert, J., and McCutcheon, S., 1998, New U-Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of Devonian time: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 158, no. 3-4, p. 175-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00050-8.","startPage":"175","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00050-8"},{"id":231449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a653ae4b0c8380cd72b3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ver Straeten, C. A.","contributorId":53984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ver Straeten","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ebert, J.R.","contributorId":30782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebert","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCutcheon, S.R.","contributorId":59581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCutcheon","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1000501,"text":"1000501 - 1998 - Sieve efficiency in benthic sampling as related to chironomid head capsule width","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T12:56:00","indexId":"1000501","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2556,"text":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sieve efficiency in benthic sampling as related to chironomid head capsule width","docAbstract":"The width of the head capsule in chironomid larvae is the most important morphometric character controlling retention of specimens in sieving devices. Knowledge of the range in size of these widths within any chironomid community is fundamental to sampling and interpreting the resulting data. We present the head capsule widths of 30 species of chironomids and relate their size distribution to loss or retention in several experiments using graded sieve sizes. Based on our measurements and those found in the literature we found the head capsule width of fourth instars in half the chironomids species to be less than 350 I?m. Many species may never be collected with the commonly used U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve (589 I?m), and the No. 60 (246 I?m) screen appears to retain most species only qualitatively. We found 70 to 90% of the chironomid larvae and 19 to 34% of their biomass can pass through a No. 80 sieve (177 I?m). The implications of sieve loss and other factors affecting sieving efficiency are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas Entomological Society","usgsCitation":"Hudson, P.L., and Adams, J.V., 1998, Sieve efficiency in benthic sampling as related to chironomid head capsule width: Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, v. 71, no. 4, p. 456-468.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"468","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25085862"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}