Large submarine mud volcanoes in the abyssal part of the Black Sea south of the Crimean Peninsula are similar in many respects to synsedimentary mud volcanoes in the Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell basin. One of the Belt-Purcell mud volcanoes directly underlies the giant Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in southeastern British Columbia. Footwall rocks to the Sullivan deposit comprise variably tourmalinized siltstone, conglomerate, and related fragmental rock; local thin pyrrhotite-rich and spessartine-quartz beds are interpreted as Fe and Fe-Mn exhalites, respectively. Analogous Fe- and Mn-rich sediments occur near the abyssal Black Sea mud volcanoes. Massive pyrite crusts and associated carbonate chimneys discovered in relatively shallow waters (∼200 m depth) west of the Crimean Peninsula indicate an active sea-floor–hydrothermal system. Subaerial mud volcanoes on the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas (∼100 km north of the abyssal mud volcanoes) contain saline thermal waters that locally have very high B contents (to 915 mg/L). These data suggest that tourmalinites might be forming in or near submarine Black Sea mud volcanoes, where potential may also exist for Sullivan-type Pb-Zn mineralization.
Water samples were collected from 88 municipal wells throughout Iowa during the summer and were collected monthly at 12 stream sites in eastern Iowa from March to December 1996 to study the occurrence of the sulfonic and oxanilic metabolites of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor. The sulfonic and oxanilic metabolites were present in almost 75% of the groundwater samples and were generally present from 3 to 45 times more frequently than their parent compounds. In groundwater, the median value of the summed concentrations of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor was less than 0.05 μg/L, and the median value of the summed concentrations of the six metabolites was 1.2 μg/L. All surface water samples contained at least one detectable metabolite compound. Individual metabolites were detected from 2 to over 100 times more frequently than the parent compounds. In surface water, the median value of the summed concentrations of the three parent compounds was 0.13 μg/L, and the median value of the summed concentrations of the six metabolites was 6.4 μg/L. These data demonstrate the importance of analyzing both parent compounds and metabolites to more fully understand the environmental fate and transport of herbicides in the hydrologic system.
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\"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe56e4b0c8380cd4eca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020398,"text":"70020398 - 1998 - Artificial maturation of an immature sulfur- and organic matter-rich limestone from the Ghareb Formation, Jordan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020398","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial maturation of an immature sulfur- and organic matter-rich limestone from the Ghareb Formation, Jordan","docAbstract":"An immature (Ro=0.39%), S-rich (S(org)/C = 0.07), organic matter-rich (19.6 wt. % TOC) limestone from the Ghareb Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in Jordan was artificially matured by hydrous pyrolysis (200, 220 ..., 300??C; 72 h) to study the effect of progressive diagenesis and early catagenesis on the amounts and distributions of hydrocarbons, organic sulfur compounds and S-rich geomacromolecules. The use of internal standards allowed the determination of absolute amounts. With increasing thermal maturation, large amounts of alkanes and alkylthiophenes with predominantly linear carbon skeletons are generated from the kerogen. The alkylthiophene isomer distributions do not change significantly with increasing thermal maturation, indicating the applicability of alkylthiophenes as biomarkers at relatively high levels of thermal maturity. For a given carbon skeleton, the saturated hydrocarbon, alkylthiophenes and alkylbenzo[b]thiophenes are stable forms at relatively high temperatures, whereas the alkylsulfides are not stable. The large amount of alkylthiophenes produced relative to the alkanes may be explained by the large number of monosulfide links per carbon skeleton. These results are in good agreement with those obtained previously for an artificial maturation series of an immature S-rich sample from the Gessoso-solfifera Formation.An immature (Ro = 0.39%), S-rich (Sorg/C = 0.07), organic matter-rich (19.6 wt.% TOC) limestone from the Ghareb Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in Jordan was artificially matured by hydrous pyrolysis (200, 220, ..., 300??C; 72 h) to study the effect of progressive diagenesis and early catagenesis on the amounts and distributions of hydrocarbons, organic sulfur compounds and S-rich geomacromolecules. The use of internal standards allowed the determination of absolute amounts. With increasing thermal maturation, large amounts of alkanes and alkylthiophenes with predominantly linear carbon skeletons are generated from the kerogen. The alkylthiophene isomer distributions do not change significantly with increasing thermal maturation, indicating the applicability of alkylthiophenes as biomarkers at relatively high levels of thermal maturity. For a given carbon skeleton, the saturated hydrocarbon, alkylthiophene and alkylbenzo[b]thiophenes are stable forms at relatively high temperatures, whereas the alkylsulfides are not stable. The large amount of alkylthiophenes produced relative to the alkanes may be explained by the large number of monosulfide links per carbon skeleton. These results are in good agreement with those obtained previously for an artificial maturation series of an immature S-rich sample from the Gessoso-solfifera Formation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00015-1","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Koopmans, M., Rijpstra, W., De Leeuw, J.W., Lewan, M.D., and Damste, J., 1998, Artificial maturation of an immature sulfur- and organic matter-rich limestone from the Ghareb Formation, Jordan: Organic Geochemistry, v. 28, no. 7-8, p. 503-521, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00015-1.","startPage":"503","endPage":"521","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206949,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00015-1"},{"id":231331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edabe4b0c8380cd49933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koopmans, M.P.","contributorId":38298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rijpstra, W.I.C.","contributorId":80026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rijpstra","given":"W.I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Leeuw, J. W.","contributorId":64406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Leeuw","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Damste, J.S.S.","contributorId":47117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damste","given":"J.S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020397,"text":"70020397 - 1998 - Long-term dynamics of Typha populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020397","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term dynamics of Typha populations","docAbstract":"The zonation of Typha populations in an experimental pond in Michigan was re-examined 15 years after the original sampling to gain insight into the long-term dynamics. Current distributions of Typha populations were also examined in additional experimental ponds at the site that have been maintained for 23 years. The zonation between T. latifolia and T. angustifolia in the previously studied pond 15 years after the initial sampling revealed that the density and distribution of shoots had not changed significantly. Thus, it appears that previously reported results (based on 7- year old populations) have remained consistent over time. Additional insight into the interaction between these two taxa was sought by comparing mixed and monoculture stands in five experimental ponds that have remained undisturbed for their 23-year history. The maximum depth of T. latifolia, the shallow- water species, was not significantly reduced when growing in the presence of the more flood tolerant T. angustifolia. In contrast, the minimum depth of T. angustifolia was reduced from 0 to 37 cm when in the presence of T. latifolia. When total populations were compared between monoculture and mixed stands, the average density of T. angustifolia shoots was 59.4 percent lower in mixed stands while the density of T. latifolia was 32 percent lower, with T. angustifolia most affected at shallow depths (reduced by 92 percent) and T. latifolia most affected at the deepest depths (reduced by 60 percent). These long-term observations indicate that competitive displacement between Typha taxa has remained stable over time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00056-4","issn":"03043770","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., and Wetzel, R., 1998, Long-term dynamics of Typha populations: Aquatic Botany, v. 61, no. 2, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00056-4.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206938,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00056-4"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4981e4b0c8380cd6867f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetzel, R.G.","contributorId":60403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020127,"text":"70020127 - 1998 - AIRSAR studies of woody shrub density in semiarid rangeland: Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020127","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AIRSAR studies of woody shrub density in semiarid rangeland: Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the use of polarimetric Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) data to assess woody shrub density in a semiarid site where the vegetation consists primarily of varied mixtures of herbaceous vegetation and shrubs. AIRSAR data and field observations of vegetation cover and growth form-composition were obtained for 59 sites in the Jornada del Muerto plain in southern New Mexico. Radar signature measures examined were C-, L- and P-band backscattering coefficients (??0) for HH, HV and W polarizations, ratios of ??0HH and ??0HV to ??0VV, and the HH-VV polarization phase difference and correlation coefficient. The most effective measure for estimation of shrub density was L-band ??0HV, which distinguished among shrub density classes with no misclassification. Sensitivity of this measure to small amounts of shrub cover was indicated by successful separation of sites with <1% shrub cover from sites with 1-5% cover. Separability of shrub density classes was generally least for C-band signature measures. A distinctive radar signature was exhibited by dense stands of Yucca elata, a semitreelike plant with uniformly thick ???10 cm diameter) fibrous stems. Yucca sites were distinguished from others by their high P-band ??0HV relative to L-band ??0HV. The results are largely explained by the greater sensitivity of lounger wavelengths to larger canopy structural elements. L-band ??0HV and other measures responsive to canopy volume scattering were more strongly related to shrub than to herbaceous plant cover because woody shrub canopies have numerous stems of the intermediate size to which L-band is most sensitive, whereas stems of this size are mostly lacking in herbaceous canopies. The uniform-diameter stems of yucca have larger dimensions to which P-band is more sensitive than L-band.This study evaluates the use of polarimetric Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) data to assess woody shrub density in a semiarid site where the vegetation consists primarily of varied mixtures of herbaceous vegetation and shrubs. AIRSAR data and field observations of vegetation cover and growth form-composition were obtained for 59 sites in the Jornada del Muerto plain in southern New Mexico. Radar signature measures examined were C-, L- and P-band backscattering coefficients (??0) for HH, HV and VV polarizations, ratios of ??0HH and ??0HV to ??0VV, and the HH-VV polarization phase difference and correlation coefficient. The most effective measure for estimation of shrub density was L-band ??0HV, which distinguished among shrub density classes with no misclassification. Sensitivity of this measure to small amounts of shrub cover was indicated by successful separation of sites with <1% shrub cover from sites with 1-5% cover. Separability of shrub density classes was generally least for C-band signature measures. A distinctive radar signature was exhibited by dense stands of Yucca elata, a semitreelike plant with uniformly thick (???10 cm diameter) fibrous stems. Yucca sites were distinguished from others by their high P-band ??0HV relative to L-band ??0HV. The results are largely explained by the greater sensitivity of longer wavelengths to larger canopy structural elements. L-band ??0HV and other measures responsive to canopy volume scattering were more strongly related to shrub than to herbaceous plant cover because woody shrub canopies have numerous stems of the intermediate size to which L-band is most sensitive, whereas stems of this size are mostly lacking in herbaceous canopies. The uniform-diameter stems of yucca have larger dimensions to which P-band is more sensitive than L-band.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Inc","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00033-9","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Musick, H., Schaber, G., and Breed, C.S., 1998, AIRSAR studies of woody shrub density in semiarid rangeland: Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 66, no. 1, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00033-9.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00033-9"},{"id":227827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e629e4b0c8380cd471ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musick, H.B.","contributorId":54750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musick","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaber, G.S.","contributorId":100132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breed, C. S.","contributorId":39809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breed","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020251,"text":"70020251 - 1998 - Tracing solute mobility at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Variations in Na+, Cl-, and H4SiO4 concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70020251","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing solute mobility at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Variations in Na+, Cl-, and H4SiO4 concentrations","docAbstract":"Concentration variations of sodium (N+). chloride (Cl-). and dissolved silica (H4SiO4) in rainfall, throughfall, soil water, groundwater and streamwater were evaluated at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed near Atlanta, Georgia, to determine how variations in concentrations of these solutes provide greater understanding of water quality evolution at the hillslope and catchment scales Stormwater moves rapidly to depth along preferred pathways in a deciduous forest hillslope, but the composition of the mobile unsaturated zone water in the hillslope is not reflected in compositional variations of streamwater during rainstorms. The Na+, Cl-, and H4SiO4 concentrations behave similarly in streamwater, decreasing with increasing discharge and increasing with water residence time. Consequently, the lowest flows are associated with the highest concentrations and the oldest water. Streamwater composition is most similar to groundwater and stormflow variations reflect a dilution of groundwater. Subtle differences in the relations among solute concentrations and discharge reflect different sources, especially for Cl-. For example, the residence time of groundwater, as inferred from landscape position, generally is positively related to Na+ and H4SiO4 concentrations, but not to Cl- concentrations. The Na+ and H4SiO4 are derived from mineral weathering and are continuously supplied along hydrological pathways. In contrast, Cl- is derived from atmospheric deposition and is affected only by evapotranspiration (ET) and transport. ET increases Cl- concentrations in matrix soil waters, which are subsequently transported to the saturated zone where Cl- is effectively isolated from further evaporative concentration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Ratcliffe, E., and Tranter, M., 1998, Tracing solute mobility at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Variations in Na+, Cl-, and H4SiO4 concentrations: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 248, p. 483-490.","startPage":"483","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb695e4b08c986b326d63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, E.B.","contributorId":33857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tranter, M.","contributorId":22525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tranter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020245,"text":"70020245 - 1998 - Numerical modelling of vertically extensive groundwater bodies in Maui, Hawaii: An alternative to perched aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020245","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modelling of vertically extensive groundwater bodies in Maui, Hawaii: An alternative to perched aquifers","docAbstract":"Groundwater in East Maui, Hawaii is traditionally described as a series of discrete aquifers perched on low-permeability units underlain by a basal lens with heads of about 2-3 m. An alternative concept, a fully saturated aquifer to as much as 1400 m elevation, was investigated using a numerical model with various horizontal hydraulic conductivity values and anisotropy ratios. Results indicate that horizontal hydraulic conductivity values between about 0.08 and 1.0 m per day and anisotropy ratios between 1:1 and 100:1 will produce simulated water tables that match observed water tables at 400-1400 m elevation. These values of hydraulic conductivity are consistent with available field data for hydraulic conductivity.Groundwater in East Maui, Hawaii is traditionally described as a series of discrete aquifers perched on low-permeability units underlain by a basal lens with heads of about 2-3 m. An alternative concept, a fully saturated aquifer to as much as 1400 m elevation, was investigated using a numerical model with various horizontal hydraulic conductivity values and anisotropy ratios. Results indicate that horizontal hydraulic conductivity values between about 0.08 and 1.0 m per day and anisotropy ratios between 1:1 and 100:1 will produce simulated water tables that match observed water tables at 400-1400 m elevation. These values of hydraulic conductivity are consistent with available field data for hydraulic conductivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., 1998, Numerical modelling of vertically extensive groundwater bodies in Maui, Hawaii: An alternative to perched aquifers: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 253, p. 167-174.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"253","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6900e4b0c8380cd73af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, S. B.","contributorId":83958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020346,"text":"70020346 - 1998 - Habitat characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020346","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef","docAbstract":"Habitat characteristics of a reef were examined as potential influences on fish assemblage structure, using underwater visual census to estimate numbers and biomass of all fishes visible on 42 benthic transects and making quantitative measurements of 13 variables of the corresponding physical habitat and sessile biota. Fish assemblages in the diverse set of benthic habitats were grouped by detrended correspondence analysis, and associated with six major habitat types. Statistical differences were shown between a number of these habitat types for various ensemble variables of the fish assemblages. Overall, both for complete assemblages and for component major trophic and mobility guilds, these variables tended to have higher values where reef substratum was more structurally or topographically complex, and closer to reef edges. When study sites were separately divided into five depth strata, the deeper strata tended to have statistically higher values of ensemble variables for the fish assemblages. Patterns with depth varied among the various trophic and mobility guilds. Multiple linear regression models indicated that for the complete assemblages and for most trophic and mobility guilds, a large part of the variability for most ensemble variables was explained by measures of holes in the substratum, with important contributions from measured substratum rugosity and depth. A strong linear relationship found by regression of mean fish length on mean volume of holes in the reef surface emphasized the importance of shelter for fish assemblages. Results of this study may have practical applications in designing reserve areas as well as theoretical value in helping to explain the organization of reef fish assemblages.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00164-0","issn":"00220981","usgsCitation":"Friedlander, A.M., and Parrish, J., 1998, Habitat characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 224, no. 1, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00164-0.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00164-0"},{"id":231132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"224","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2efee4b0c8380cd5c9cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedlander, A. M.","contributorId":38099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020358,"text":"70020358 - 1998 - Riparian control of stream-water chemistry: Implications for hydrochemical basin models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020358","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian control of stream-water chemistry: Implications for hydrochemical basin models","docAbstract":"End-member mixing analysis has been used to determine the hydrological structure for basin hydrochemical models at several catchments. Implicit in this use is the assumption that controlling end members have been identified, and that these end members represent distinct landscape locations. At the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, the choice of controlling end members was supported when a large change in the calcium and sulphate concentration of one of the end members was reflected in the stream water. More extensive sampling of groundwater and soil water indicated, however, that the geographic extent of the contributing end members was limited to the riparian zone. Hillslope solutions were chemically distinct from the riparian solutions and did not appear to make a large contribution to streamflow. The dominant control of the riparian zone on stream-water chemistry suggests that hydrological flow paths cannot be inferred from stream-water chemical dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B., Burns, D.A., McDonnell, J., Freer, J., Kendall, C., and Beven, K., 1998, Riparian control of stream-water chemistry: Implications for hydrochemical basin models: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 248, p. 451-458.","startPage":"451","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad78e4b0c8380cd86ee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonnell, J.","contributorId":61587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freer, J.","contributorId":61975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beven, K.","contributorId":25320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beven","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70020172,"text":"70020172 - 1998 - Relation of inversely graded deposits to suspended-sediment grain-size evolution during the 1996 flood experiment in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T00:51:08.136766","indexId":"70020172","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of inversely graded deposits to suspended-sediment grain-size evolution during the 1996 flood experiment in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Before Glen Canyon Dam was completed upstream from Grand Canyon, floods scoured sand from the channel bed and deposited sand on bars within recirculating eddies. After completion of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, peak discharge of the mean annual floods dropped front about 2600 to 900 m3/s, and 85% of the sediment supply was eliminated. Under the postdam flow regime, sand bars in eddies have degraded. In an experiment to study, in part, the effects of floods in rebuilding these bars, a controlled flood was released from Glen Canyon Dam in late March and early April 1996. Although fluvial sequences characteristically fine upward, the deposits of the experimental flood systematically coarsen upward. Measurements of suspended-sediment concentration and grain size and of bed-material grain size suggest that the upward coarsening results from the channel becoming relatively depleted of fine-grained sediment during the seven days of the high-flow experiment. Predam flood beds of the Colorado River also coarsen upward, indicating that supply-limitation and grain-size evolution are natural processes that do not require the presence of a dam.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0099:ROIGDT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., Nelson, J.M., and Topping, D., 1998, Relation of inversely graded deposits to suspended-sediment grain-size evolution during the 1996 flood experiment in Grand Canyon: Geology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 99-102, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0099:ROIGDT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a68ce4b0e8fec6cdc1f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, D.J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":53927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020336,"text":"70020336 - 1998 - A controlled experiment in ground water flow model calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T12:28:36.028346","indexId":"70020336","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A controlled experiment in ground water flow model calibration","docAbstract":"Nonlinear regression was introduced to ground water modeling in the 1970s, but has been used very little to calibrate numerical models of complicated ground water systems. Apparently, nonlinear regression is thought by many to be incapable of addressing such complex problems. With what we believe to be the most complicated synthetic test case used for such a study, this work investigates using nonlinear regression in ground water model calibration. Results of the study fall into two categories. First, the study demonstrates how systematic use of a well designed nonlinear regression method can indicate the importance of different types of data and can lead to successive improvement of models and their parameterizations. Our method differs from previous methods presented in the ground water literature in that (1) weighting is more closely related to expected data errors than is usually the case; (2) defined diagnostic statistics allow for more effective evaluation of the available data, the model, and their interaction; and (3) prior information is used more cautiously. Second, our results challenge some commonly held beliefs about model calibration. For the test case considered, we show that (1) field measured values of hydraulic conductivity are not as directly applicable to models as their use in some geostatistical methods imply; (2) a unique model does not necessarily need to be identified to obtain accurate predictions; and (3) in the absence of obvious model bias, model error was normally distributed. The complexity of the test case involved implies that the methods used and conclusions drawn are likely to be powerful in practice.
Bluebell field is the largest oil-producing area in the Uinta basin of northern Utah. The field includes over 300 wells and has produced 137 MMbbl oil and 177 bcf gas from fractured Paleocene-Eocene lacustrine and fluvial deposits of the Green River and Wasatch (Colton) formations. Oil and gas are produced at depths of 10,500-13,000 ft (3330-3940 m), with the most prolific reservoirs existing in overpressured sandstones of the Colton Formation and the underlying Flagstaff Member of the lower Green River Formation. Despite a number of high-recovery wells (1-3 MMbbl), overall field recovery remains low, less than 10% original oil in place. This low recovery rate is interpreted to be at least partly a result of completion practices. Typically, 40-120 beds are perforated and stimulated with acid (no proppant) over intervals of up to 3000 ft (900 m). Little or no evaluation of individual beds is performed, preventing identification of good-quality reservoir zones, water-producing zones, and thief zones. As a result, detailed understanding of Bluebell reservoirs historically has been poor, inhibiting any improvements in recovery strategies.
A recent project undertaken in Bluebell field as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Class 1 (fluvial-deltaic reservoir) Oil Demonstration program has focused considerable effort on reservoir characterization. This effort has involved interdisciplinary analysis of core, log, fracture, geostatistical, production, and other data. Much valuable new information on reservoir character has resulted, with important implications for completion techniques and recovery expectations. Such data should have excellent applicability to other producing areas in the Uinta basin with reservoirs in similar lacustrine and related deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1306/1D9BCA07-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, S.L., and Morgan, C.D., 1998, Bluebell field, Uinta basin: Reservoir characterization for improved well completion and oil recovery: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 82, no. 6, p. 1113-1132, https://doi.org/10.1306/1D9BCA07-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"20","startPage":"1113","endPage":"1132","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.08603985326471,\n 40.36413978423349\n ],\n [\n -109.59069381659452,\n 40.5425712699321\n ],\n [\n -110.46514233863451,\n 40.4630584013986\n ],\n [\n -110.87946991658296,\n 40.25231173317758\n ],\n [\n -110.82382423928652,\n 39.99012904379077\n ],\n [\n -110.23375326040457,\n 39.826892648911866\n ],\n [\n -109.68434530158683,\n 39.679826883440796\n ],\n [\n -109.28316730131013,\n 39.73647004676479\n ],\n [\n -109.05140123497583,\n 39.87659760504593\n ],\n [\n -108.89182673582314,\n 40.02603058723378\n ],\n [\n -108.95184927297322,\n 40.20432860368936\n ],\n [\n -109.08603985326471,\n 40.36413978423349\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1ede4b0c8380cd4aedd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, Scott L.","contributorId":43513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, C. D.","contributorId":35094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020431,"text":"70020431 - 1998 - Information-theoretic model selection and model averaging for closed-population capture-recapture studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T16:38:19.361962","indexId":"70020431","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1038,"text":"Biometrical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Information-theoretic model selection and model averaging for closed-population capture-recapture studies","docAbstract":"Specification of an appropriate model is critical to valid statistical inference. Given the “true model” for the data is unknown, the goal of model selection is to select a plausible approximating model that balances model bias and sampling variance. Model selection based on information criteria such as AIC or its variant AICc, or criteria like CAIC, has proven useful in a variety of contexts including the analysis of open-population capture-recapture data. These criteria have not been intensively evaluated for closed-population capture-recapture models, which are integer parameter models used to estimate population size (N), and there is concern that they will not perform well. To address this concern, we evaluated AIC, AICc, and CAIC model selection for closed-population capture-recapture models by empirically assessing the quality of inference for the population size parameter N. We found that AIC-, AICc-, and CAIC-selected models had smaller relative mean squared errors than randomly selected models, but that confidence interval coverage on N was poor unless unconditional variance estimates (which incorporate model uncertainty) were used to compute confidence intervals. Overall, AIC and AICc outperformed CAIC, and are preferred to CAIC for selection among the closed-population capture-recapture models we investigated. A model averaging approach to estimation, using AIC, AICc, or CAIC to estimate weights, was also investigated and proved superior to estimation using AIC-, AICc-, or CAIC-selected models. Our results suggested that, for model averaging, AIC or AICc should be favored over CAIC for estimating weights.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(199808)40:4%3C475::AID-BIMJ475%3E3.0.CO;2-%23","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., and Burnham, K.P., 1998, Information-theoretic model selection and model averaging for closed-population capture-recapture studies: Biometrical Journal, v. 40, no. 4, p. 475-494, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(199808)40:4%3C475::AID-BIMJ475%3E3.0.CO;2-%23.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bbae4b0c8380cd627bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020360,"text":"70020360 - 1998 - Tritium-helium 3 dating under complex conditions in hydraulically stressed areas of a buried-valley aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:35:39","indexId":"70020360","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium-helium 3 dating under complex conditions in hydraulically stressed areas of a buried-valley aquifer","docAbstract":"The 3H-3He dating method is applied in a buried-valley aquifer near Dayton, Ohio. The study area is large, not all sampling locations lie along well-defined flow paths, and existing wells with variable screen lengths and diameters are used. Reliable use of the method at this site requires addressing several complications: (1) The flow system is disturbed because of high pumping rates and induced infiltration; (2) tritium contamination is present in several areas of the aquifer; and (3) radiogenic helium concentrations are elevated in a significant number of the wells. The 3H-3He ages are examined for self-consistency by comparing the reconstructed tritium evolution to the annual weighted tritium measured in precipitation; deviations result from dispersion, tritium contamination, and mixing. 3H-3He ages are next examined for consistency with chlorofluorocarbon ages; the agreement is poor because of degradation of CFCs. Finally, the 3H-3He ages are examined for consistency with the current understanding of local hydrologic processes; the ages are generally supported by hydrogeologic data and the results of groundwater flow modeling coupled with particle-tracking analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR03322","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, S.D., Rowe, G.L., Schlosser, P., Ludin, A., and Stute, M., 1998, Tritium-helium 3 dating under complex conditions in hydraulically stressed areas of a buried-valley aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1165-1180, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR03322.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr03322","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Dayton","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb874e4b08c986b32787e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle","contributorId":82738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"Dunkle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":385952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludin, Andrea","contributorId":93232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludin","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stute, Martin","contributorId":131127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stute","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7254,"text":"Columbia University - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020428,"text":"70020428 - 1998 - Development and application of a marine sediment pore-water toxicity test using Ulva fasciata zoospores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:08:52","indexId":"70020428","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of a marine sediment pore-water toxicity test using Ulva fasciata zoospores","docAbstract":"An acute (96 h) pore-water toxicity test protocol using germination and growth of Ulva fasciatazoospores as endpoints was developed to test the toxicity of marine and estuarine sediment pore-water samples. Tests with an organic toxicant (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS), three metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn), and ammonia (NH3) were conducted to determine zoospore sensitivity. Zoospore germination and gametophyte growth were as sensitive to SDS as sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development. Zoospore sensitivity to metals was greater than or comparable to that of adult macroalgae. Zoospores were less sensitive to NH3than were other commonly used toxicity test organisms. Test results using this algal assay with sediment pore-water samples with high NH3 concentrations were compared with results from sea urchin fertilization and embryological development tests for the same samples. Ulva fasciatazoospore germination was not affected by samples with high NH3 concentrations that were toxic in both sea urchin tests. Zoospore tolerance of NH3 and sensitivity to other contaminants indicate that their response may be useful in toxicity identification evaluation studies with pore-water samples that contain high concentrations of unionized NH3.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170524","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Hooten, R.L., and Carr, R.S., 1998, Development and application of a marine sediment pore-water toxicity test using Ulva fasciata zoospores: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 5, p. 932-940, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170524.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"932","endPage":"940","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0017e4b0c8380cd4f5ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Russell L.","contributorId":176809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooten","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, R. Scott","contributorId":14025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020286,"text":"70020286 - 1998 - Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020286","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names","docAbstract":"This report embodies recommendations on zeolite nomenclature approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. In a working definition of a zeolite mineral used for this review, structures containing an interrupted containing an interrupted framework of tetrahedra are accepted where other zeolitic properties prevail, and complete substitution by elements other than Si and Al is alloowed. Separate species are recognized in topologically distinctive compositional series in which different extra-framework cations are the most abundant in atomic proportions. To name these, the appropriate chemical symbol is attached by a hyphen to the series name as a suffix, except for the names harmotome, pollucite and wairakite in the phillipsite and analcime series. Differences in space-group symmetry and in order-disorder relationships in zeolites having the same topologically distinctive framework do not in general provide adequate grounds for recognition of separate species. Zeolite species are not to be distinguished solely in Si:Al ratio except for heulandite (Si:Al < 4.0) and clinoptilolite (Si:Al ??? 4.0). Dehydration, partial hydration and over-hydration are not sufficient grounds for the recognition of separate species of zeolites. Use of the term 'ideal formula' should be avoided in referring to a simplified or averaged formula of zeolite. Newly recognized species in compositional series are as follows: brewsterite-Sr, -Ba; chabazite-Ca, -Na, -K; clinoptilolite-K, -Na, -Ca; dechiardite-Ca, -Na; erionite-Na, -K, -Ca,; faujasite-Na, -Ca, -Mg; ferrierite-Mg, -K, -Na; gmelinite-Na, -Ca, -K; heulandite-Ca, -Na, -K, -Sr; levyne-Ca, -Na; paulingite-K, -Ca; phillipsite-Na, -Ca, -K stilbite-Ca, -Na. Key references, type locality, origin of name, chemical data, IZA structure-type symbols, space-group symmetry, unit-cell dimensions, and comments on structure are listed for 13 compositional series, 82 accepted zeolite mineral species, and three of doubtful status. Herschelite, leonhardite, svetlozarite and wellsite are discredited as mineral species names. Obsolete and discredited names are listed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09351221","usgsCitation":"Coombs, D., Alberti, A., Armbruster, T., Artioli, G., Colella, C., Galli, E., Grice, J.D., Liebau, F., Mandarino, J., Minato, H., Nickel, E., Passaglia, E., Peacor, D., Quartieri, S., Rinaldi, R., Ross, M., Sheppard, R., Tillmanns, E., and Vezzalini, G., 1998, Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1037-1081.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1081","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9694e4b0c8380cd8209a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, D.S.","contributorId":77700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alberti, A.","contributorId":84109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alberti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armbruster, 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R.","contributorId":23713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinaldi","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ross, M.","contributorId":8026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sheppard, R.A.","contributorId":22361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tillmanns, E.","contributorId":56830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillmanns","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Vezzalini, 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Retreat of the northern margin of the George VI Ice Shelf has been observed previously, but the Wilkins Ice Shelf was thought to be stable. We investigated the positions of the northern fronts of these shelves from the literature and looked for changes on 1974 Landsat and 1992 and 1995 European remote-sensing satellite (ERS) synthetic aperture radar images. Our investigation shows that the northern George VI Ice Shelf lost a total of 906 km2 between 1974 and 1992, and an additional 87 km2 by 1995. The northern margin of the Wilkins Ice Shelf lost 796 km2 between 1990 and 1992, and another 564 km2 between 1992 and 1995. Armadas of tabular icebergs were visible in front of this shelf in the ERS images. These two ice shelves mark the southernmost documented conspicuous retreat of ice-shelf margins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/1998AoG27-1-41-46","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., and Rosanova, C.E., 1998, Retreat of northern margins of George VI and Wilkins Ice Shelves, Antarctic Peninsula: Annals of Glaciology, v. 27, p. 41-46, https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG27-1-41-46.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-41-46","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Antarctica","otherGeospatial":"George VI Ice Shelf, Wilkins Ice Shelf","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac1ee4b0c8380cd86b75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":385869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosanova, Christina E.","contributorId":71497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020381,"text":"70020381 - 1998 - Geochemical surveillance of magmatic volatiles at Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T00:01:06.402467","indexId":"70020381","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical surveillance of magmatic volatiles at Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico","docAbstract":"Surveillance of Popocatépetl volcanic plume geochemistry and SO2 flux began in early 1994 after fumarolic and seismic activity increased significantly during 1993. Volatile traps placed around the summit were collected at near-monthly intervals until the volcano erupted on December 21, 1994. Additional trap samples were obtained in early 1996 before the volcano erupted again, emplacing a small dacite dome in the summit crater. Abundances of volatile constituents (ppm/day of Cl, Stotal, F, CO2, Hg, and As) varied, but most constituents were relatively high in early and late 1994. However, ratios of these constituents to Cl were highest in mid-1994. δ34S-Stotal in trap solutions ranged from 1.5‰ to 6.4‰; lowest values generally occurred during late 1994. δ13C-CO2 of trap solutions were greatly contaminated with atmospheric CO2 and affected by absorption kinetics. When trap data are combined with SO2 flux measurements made through November 1996, Popocatépetl released about 3.9 Mt SO2, 16 Mt CO2, 0.75 Mt HCl, 0.075 Mt HF, 260 t As, 2.6 t Hg, and roughly 200 Mt H2O. Near-vent gas concentrations in the volcanic plume measured by correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) commonly exceed human recommended exposure limits and may constitute a potential health hazard. Volatile geochemistry combined with petrologic observations and melt-inclusion studies show that mafic magma injection into a preexisting silicic chamber has accompanied renewed volcanism at Popocatépetl. Minor assimilation of Cretaceous wall rocks probably occurred in mid-1994.
The in situ measurement of water flow and chemical transport through clay pan soils is crucial to understanding potential water contamination from agricultural sources. It is important due to the large areal extent of these soils in agricultural regions of the midwestern United States and because of preferential flow paths caused by desiccation cracks, worms burrowing, and root development. A study plot at the Missouri Management Systems Evaluation Area near Centralia, Missouri, was instrumented to determine the rate of preferential flow of water and transport of NO3−1 fertilizer in the unsaturated zone through a claypan soil using 15N‐NO3−1 and Br‐1 tracers. The areal distribution of preferential flow paths was between 2 and 20% in the topsoil. Gravity lysimeter flow caused by preferential flow through the claypan was as much as 150 times greater than the estimated average rate of vertical recharge. As much as 2.4% of the volume of the soil below the clay pan may be occupied by preferential flow paths.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02820.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., and Pomes, M., 1998, Preferential flow and transport of nitrate and bromide in claypan soil: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 3, p. 484-494, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02820.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"494","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a821de4b0c8380cd7b8f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, B. P.","contributorId":30653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020210,"text":"70020210 - 1998 - Pedogenic influences on magnetic susceptibility patterns in loess-paleosol sequences of southwestern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:42:23","indexId":"70020210","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pedogenic influences on magnetic susceptibility patterns in loess-paleosol sequences of southwestern Illinois","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1040-6182(98)90219-1","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Grimley, D., 1998, Pedogenic influences on magnetic susceptibility patterns in loess-paleosol sequences of southwestern Illinois: Quaternary International, v. 51-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(98)90219-1.","startPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270067,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(98)90219-1"}],"volume":"51-52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a762ae4b0c8380cd77f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimley, D.A.","contributorId":18530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020291,"text":"70020291 - 1998 - Radar attenuation tomography using the centroid frequency downshift method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T09:56:30","indexId":"70020291","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radar attenuation tomography using the centroid frequency downshift method","docAbstract":"A method for tomographically estimating electromagnetic (EM) wave attenuation based on analysis of centroid frequency downshift (CFDS) of impulse radar signals is described and applied to cross-hole radar data. The method is based on a constant-Q model, which assumes a linear frequency dependence of attenuation for EM wave propagation above the transition frequency. The method uses the CFDS to construct the projection function. In comparison with other methods for estimating attenuation, the CFDS method is relatively insensitive to the effects of geometric spreading, instrument response, and antenna coupling and radiation pattern, but requires the data to be broadband so that the frequency shift and variance can be easily measured. The method is well-suited for difference tomography experiments using electrically conductive tracers. The CFDS method was tested using cross-hole radar data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey Fractured Rock Research Site at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire (NH) during a saline-tracer injection experiment. The attenuation-difference tomogram created with the CFDS method outlines the spatial distribution of saline tracer within the tomography plane.