The displacement field for an edge dislocation in an Earth model consisting of a layer welded to a half-space of different material is found in the form of a Fourier integral following the method given by Weeks et al. [1968]. There are four elementary solutions to be considered: the dislocation is either in the half-space or the layer and the Burgers vector is either parallel or perpendicular to the layer. A general two-dimensional solution for a dip-slip faulting or dike injection (arbitrary dip) can be constructed from a superposition of these elementary solutions. Surface deformations have been calculated for an edge dislocation located at the interface with Burgers vector inclined 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° to the interface for the case where the rigidity of the layer is half of that of the half-space and the Poisson ratios are the same. Those displacement fields have been compared to the displacement fields generated by similarly situated edge dislocations in a uniform half-space. The surface displacement field produced by the edge dislocation in the layered half-space is very similar to that produced by an edge dislocation at a different depth in a uniform half-space. In general, a low-modulus (high-modulus) layer causes the half-space equivalent dislocation to appear shallower (deeper) than the actual dislocation in the layered half-space.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB02562","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., 1998, Displacement field for an edge dislocation in a layered half-space: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B2, p. 2439-2446, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02562.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2439","endPage":"2446","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb02562","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a021fe4b0c8380cd4feca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020610,"text":"70020610 - 1998 - Tidally oriented vertical migration and position maintenance of zooplankton in a temperate estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:46:46","indexId":"70020610","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidally oriented vertical migration and position maintenance of zooplankton in a temperate estuary","docAbstract":"In many estuaries, maxima in turbidity and abundance of several common species of zooplankton occur in the low salinity zone (LSZ) in the range of 0.5-6 practical salinity units (psu). Analysis of zooplankton abundance from monitoring in 1972-1987 revealed that historical maxima in abundance of the copepod Eurytemora affinis and the mysid Neomysis mercedis, and in turbidity as determined from Secchi disk data, were close to the estimated position of 2 psu bottom salinity. The copepod Sinocalanus doerrii had a maximum slightly landward of that of E. affinis. After 1987 these maxima decreased and shifted to a lower salinity, presumably because of the effects of grazing by the introduced clam Potamocorbula amurensis. At the same time, the copepod Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, the mysid Acanthomysis sp., and amphipods became abundant with peaks at salinity around 0.2-0.5 psu. Plausible mechanisms for maintenance of these persistent abundance peaks include interactions between variation in flow and abundance, either in the vertical or horizontal plane, or higher net population growth rate in the peaks than seaward of the peaks. In spring of 1994, a dry year, we sampled in and near the LSZ using a Lagrangian sampling scheme to follow selected isohalines while sampling over several complete tidal cycles. Acoustic Doppler current profilers were used to provide detailed velocity distributions to enable us to estimate longitudinal fluxes of organisms. Stratification was weak and gravitational circulation nearly absent in the LSZ. All of the common species of zooplankton migrated vertically in response to the tides, with abundance higher in the water column on the flood than on the ebb. Migration of mysids and amphipods was sufficient to override net seaward flow to produce a net landward flux of organisms. Migration of copepods, however, was insufficient to reverse or even greatly diminish the net seaward flux of organisms, implying alternative mechanisms of position maintenance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Kimmerer, W., Burau, J., and Bennett, W., 1998, Tidally oriented vertical migration and position maintenance of zooplankton in a temperate estuary: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 43, no. 7, p. 1697-1709.","startPage":"1697","endPage":"1709","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb383e4b08c986b325e2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimmerer, W.J.","contributorId":23305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, W.A.","contributorId":100572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020609,"text":"70020609 - 1998 - Effects of metal mining and milling on boundary waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70020609","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of metal mining and milling on boundary waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"Aquatic resources in Soda Butte Creek within Yellowstone National Park, USA, continue to be threatened by heavy metals from historical mining and milling activities that occurred upstream of the park's boundary. This includes the residue of gold, silver, and copper ore mining and processing in the early 1900s near Cooke City, Montana, just downstream of the creek's headwaters. Toxicity tests, using surrogate test species, and analyses of metals in water, sediments, and macroinvertebrate tissue were conducted from 1993 to 1995. Chronic toxicity to test species was greater in the spring than the fall and metal concentrations were elevated in the spring with copper exceeding water quality criteria in 1995. Tests with amphipods using pore water and whole sediment from the creek and copper concentrations in the tissue of macroinvertebrates and fish also suggest that copper is the metal of concern in the watershed. In order to understand current conditions in Soda Butte Creek, heavy metals, especially copper, must be considered important factors in the aquatic and riparian ecosystems within and along the creek extending into Yellowstone National Park.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag New York","publisherLocation":"Secaucus, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1007/s002679900158","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, D., Willox, M., Lafrancois, T., Chapman, P., Brinkman, S., and Greene, J., 1998, Effects of metal mining and milling on boundary waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA: Environmental Management, v. 22, no. 6, p. 913-926, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900158.","startPage":"913","endPage":"926","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900158"},{"id":230992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a075ce4b0c8380cd5166a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, D.R.","contributorId":51052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willox, M.J.","contributorId":84945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willox","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lafrancois, T.D.","contributorId":74160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafrancois","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, P.L.","contributorId":29144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brinkman, S.F.","contributorId":47542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkman","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greene, J.C.","contributorId":9423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020607,"text":"70020607 - 1998 - Noble gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon as tracers of flow in the Dakota aquifer, Colorado and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70020607","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Noble gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon as tracers of flow in the Dakota aquifer, Colorado and Kansas","docAbstract":"A suite of chemical and isotope tracers (dissolved noble gases, stable isotopes of water, radiocarbon, and CI) have been analyzed along a flow path in the Dakota aquifer system to determine likely recharge sources, ground water residence times, and the extent of mixing between local and intermediate flow systems, presumably caused by large well screens. Three water types were distinguished with the tracers, each having a very different history. Two of the water types were found in south-eastern Colorado where the Dakota is poorly confined. The tracer data suggest that the first group recharged locally during the last few thousand years and the second group was composed of ground water that recharged earlier during a cooler climate, presumably during the last glacial period (LGP) and mixed aged water. The paleotemperature record archived in this groundwater system indicates that south-eastern Colorado was about 5??C cooler during the LGP than during the late Holocene. Similar temperature changes derived from dissolved noble gases in other aquifer systems have been reported earlier for the south-western United States. The third water type was located down gradient of the first two in the confined Dakota in western and central Kansas. Groundwater residence time of this water mass is on the order of 104-105 yrs and its recharge location is near the Colorado and Kansas border down gradient of the other water types. The study shows the importance of using multiple tracers when investigating ground water systems.A suite of chemical and isotope tracers (dissolved noble gases, stable isotopes of water, radiocarbon, and CL) were analyzed along a flow path in the Dakota aquifer system to determine likely recharge sources, ground water residence times, and the extent of mixing between local and intermediate flow systems. Three water types were distinguished with the tracers, each having a very different history. Two of the water types were located in south-eastern Colorado where the Dakota is poorly confined. The third water type was located down gradient of the first two in the confined Dakota in western and central Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00233-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., Davisson, M., Hudson, G., and Macfarlane, P.A., 1998, Noble gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon as tracers of flow in the Dakota aquifer, Colorado and Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 211, no. 1-4, p. 151-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00233-9.","startPage":"151","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487330,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wz4z3z0","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00233-9"},{"id":230913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6724e4b0c8380cd731d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J.F.","contributorId":24124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, G.B.","contributorId":28768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020605,"text":"70020605 - 1998 - Introduction to special section: Stress triggers, stress shadows, and implications for seismic hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:05:45.804246","indexId":"70020605","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to special section: Stress triggers, stress shadows, and implications for seismic hazard","docAbstract":"Many aspects of earthquake mechanics remain an enigma as we enter the closing years of the twentieth century. One potential bright spot is the realization that simple calculations of stress changes may explain some earthquake interactions, just as previous and on going studies of stress changes have begun to explain human-induced seismicity. This paper, which introduces the special section “Stress Triggers, Stress Shadows, and Implications for Seismic Hazard,” reviews many published works and presents a compilation of quantitative earthquake interaction studies from a stress change perspective. This synthesis supplies some clues about certain aspects of earthquake mechanics. It also demonstrates that much work remains before we can understand the complete story of how earthquakes work.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB01576","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., 1998, Introduction to special section: Stress triggers, stress shadows, and implications for seismic hazard: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 10, p. 24347-24358, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01576.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"24347","endPage":"24358","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb01576","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3df4e4b0c8380cd639a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020598,"text":"70020598 - 1998 - Proxy of monsoon seasonality in carbon isotopes from paleosols of the southern Chinese Loess Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:47:48.017904","indexId":"70020598","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proxy of monsoon seasonality in carbon isotopes from paleosols of the southern Chinese Loess Plateau","docAbstract":"Soil organic matter (SOM) and soil carbonate (SC) are common constituents in soils and are directly related to plant growth. SOM accumulates gradually from the decomposition of plant material over time, whereas SC formation is biased to dry-season soil-dissolved CO2 that derives from plant respiration during a drying phase of the growing season. In some mixed C3-C4 environments, the peak of C3 and C4 plant metabolism differs seasonally, and the carbon source that contributes to the SOM and SC can be different. Consequently, δ13SOM values reflect an annual average of the floral biomass, but δ13SC values reflect a seasonal aspect of the plant community. The relationship between δ13CSC and δ13CSOM is mainly controlled by how different the seasonal conditions are. Our results suggest that the relationship is a seasonal proxy that can be used to differentiate the seasonality effects of Indian, East Asian, and Siberian monsoons on the Chinese Loess Plateau during the last interglacial-glacial cycle.
Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) introduced into Lake Washington in the 1930s and 1940s now spawn at several different sites and over a period of more than 3 months. To test for evolutionary divergence within this derived lineage, embryos that would have incubated in different habitats (Cedar River or Pleasure Point Beach) or at different times (October, November, or December in the Cedar River) were reared in the laboratory at 5, 9, and 12.5??C. Some developmental variation mirrored predictions of adaptive divergence: (i) survival at 12.5??C was highest for embryos most likely to experience such temperatures in the wild (Early Cedar), (ii) development rate was fastest for progeny of late spawners (Late Cedar), and (iii) yolk conversion efficiency was matched to natural incubation temperatures. These patterns likely had a genetic basis because they were observed in a common environment and could not be attributed to differences in egg size. The absolute magnitude of divergence in development rates was moderate (Late Cedar embryos emerged only 6 days earlier at 9??C) and some predictions regarding development rates were not supported. Nonetheless our results provide evidence of adaptive divergence in only 9-14 generations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing ","doi":"10.1139/f98-020","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Hendry, A., Hensleigh, J., and Reisenbichler, R., 1998, Incubation temperature, developmental biology, and the divergence of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) within Lake Washington: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1387-1394, https://doi.org/10.1139/f98-020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1387","endPage":"1394","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.49679221520181\n ],\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 47.49679221520181\n ],\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 47.75779097897638\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.75779097897638\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.49679221520181\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a0fe4b0c8380cd61b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendry, A.P.","contributorId":89351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendry","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensleigh, J.E.","contributorId":86964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensleigh","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reisenbichler, R.R.","contributorId":77356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020567,"text":"70020567 - 1998 - Evidence at Lomax, Illinois, for mid-Wisconsin (~40,000 yr B.P.) position of the Des Moines Lobe and for diversion of the Mississippi River by the Lake Michigan Lobe (20,350 yr B.P.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020567","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence at Lomax, Illinois, for mid-Wisconsin (~40,000 yr B.P.) position of the Des Moines Lobe and for diversion of the Mississippi River by the Lake Michigan Lobe (20,350 yr B.P.)","docAbstract":"An abrupt change in environment from a wetland to a deeper slackwater lake at 20,345 ?? 85 yr B.P. occurred in a second-order valley tributary to the Mississippi River near Lomax, Illinois. The age of this shift is associated with the overflow of glacial Lake Milan and diversion of the Mississippi River from the Princeton Valley (Rock Island to Peoria) to its present course (Rock Island to St. Louis). The diversion occurred due to blockage of the Princeton Valley segment of the ancient Mississippi River by the Lake Michigan Lobe, impoundment of glacial Lake Milan, and eventual overflow of the lake southwest of Rock Island across a former drainage divide near Andalusia, Illinois. Fossil ostracode assemblages in the slackwater sediment at Lomax indicate changes in the post-diversion, full-glacial paleohydrology and, based on multivariate analysis, hint at the area's paleoclimate. An older part of the succession at Lomax is consistent with glaciation in the upper Iowa River basin about 40,000 yr B.P. Aggradation of sediment rich in coarse silt is attributed to a response of the ancient Iowa River basin associated with deposition of the glacigenic Sheldon Creek Formation by the Des Moines Lobe.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1998.1985","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Curry, B.B., 1998, Evidence at Lomax, Illinois, for mid-Wisconsin (~40,000 yr B.P.) position of the Des Moines Lobe and for diversion of the Mississippi River by the Lake Michigan Lobe (20,350 yr B.P.): Quaternary Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 128-138, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1985.","startPage":"128","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1985"},{"id":231494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d28e4b0c8380cd52e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020563,"text":"70020563 - 1998 - Consumption of materials in the United States, 1900-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T18:23:45","indexId":"70020563","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":809,"text":"Annual Review of Energy and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consumption of materials in the United States, 1900-1995","docAbstract":"The flows of nonfood and nonfuel materials through the economy have significant impact on our lives and the world around us. Growing populations and economies demand more goods, services, and infrastructure. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the types of materials consumed in the United States have significantly changed. In 1900, on a per-weight basis, almost half of the materials consumed were from renewable resources, such as wood, fibers, and agricultural products, the rest being derived from nonrenewable resources. By 1995, the consumption of renewable resources had declined dramatically, to only 8% of total consumption. During this century, the quantity of materials consumed has grown, from 161 million metric tons in 1900 to 2.8 billion metric tons by 1995, an equivalent of 10 metric tons per person per year. Of all the materials consumed during this century, more than half were consumed in the last 25 years. This paper examines the general historical shifts in materials consumption and presents an analysis of different measurements of materials use and the significance of their trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annual Review of Energy and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.107","issn":"10563466","usgsCitation":"Matos, G., and Wagner, L., 1998, Consumption of materials in the United States, 1900-1995: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 23, no. 1, p. 107-122, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.107.","startPage":"107","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265823,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.107"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa27e4b0c8380cd4d96c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matos, G.","contributorId":22113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matos","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, L.","contributorId":92824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020562,"text":"70020562 - 1998 - Liquefaction evidence for strong earthquakes of Holocene and latest Pleistocene ages in the states of Indiana and Illinois, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020562","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquefaction evidence for strong earthquakes of Holocene and latest Pleistocene ages in the states of Indiana and Illinois, USA","docAbstract":"Sand- and gravel-filled clastic dikes of seismic liquefaction origin occur throughout much of southern Indiana and Illinois. Nearly all of these dikes originated from prehistoric earthquakes centered in the study area. In this area at least seven and probably eight strong prehistoric earthquakes have been documented as occurring during the Holocene, and at least one during the latest Pleistocene. The recognition of different earthquakes has been based mainly on timing of liquefaction in combination with the regional pattern of liquefaction effects, but some have been recognized only by geotechnical testing at sites of liquefaction. Most paleo-earthquakes presently recognized lie in Indiana, but equally as many may have occurred in Illinois. Studies in Illinois have not yet narrowly bracketed the age of clastic dikes at many sites, which sometimes causes uncertainty in defining the causative earthquake, but even in Illinois the largest paleo-earthquakes probably have been identified. Prehistoric magnitudes were probably as high as about moment magnitude M 7.5. This greatly exceeds the largest historic earthquake of M 5.5 centered in Indiana or Illinois. The strongest paleo-earthquakes struck in the vicinity of the concentration of strongest historic seismicity. Elsewhere, paleo-earthquakes on the order of M 6-7 have occurred even where there has been little or no historic seismicity. Both geologic and geotechnical methods of analysis have been essential for verification of seismic origin for the dikes and for back-calculating prehistoric magnitudes. Methods developed largely as part of this study should be of great value in unraveling the paleoseismic record elsewhere.Sand- and gravel-filled clastic dikes of seismic liquefaction origin occur throughout much of southern Indiana and Illinois. Nearly all of the dikes originated from prehistoric earthquakes. To date, both geologic and geotechnical methods of analysis have been essential for verification of seismic origin for the dikes and for back-calculating prehistoric magnitudes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(98)00032-5","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Obermeier, S., 1998, Liquefaction evidence for strong earthquakes of Holocene and latest Pleistocene ages in the states of Indiana and Illinois, USA: Engineering Geology, v. 50, no. 3-4, p. 227-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(98)00032-5.","startPage":"227","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(98)00032-5"},{"id":231414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47eee4b0c8380cd67ab6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obermeier, S. F.","contributorId":17602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020558,"text":"70020558 - 1998 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020558","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1996","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 270 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 1996.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00119-8","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., Zirbes, M., and Bufe, C., 1998, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1996: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 109, no. 1-2, p. 65-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00119-8.","startPage":"65","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206953,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00119-8"},{"id":231341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d40e4b0c8380cd70266","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zirbes, M.D.","contributorId":27620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020557,"text":"70020557 - 1998 - The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: Still more questions than answers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T16:47:42.074308","indexId":"70020557","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: Still more questions than answers","docAbstract":"Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) has attracted increasing attention as a possible environmental disease, and a significant amount of research from complementary scientific fields has been dedicated to its etiology. There are two actual competing theories attempting to explain the cause of this kidney disease: 1) the mycotoxin hypothesis, which considers that BEN is produced by ochratoxin A ingested intermittently in small amounts by the individuals in the endemic regions, and 2) the Pliocene lignite hypothesis, which proposes that the disease is caused by long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic organic compounds leaching into the well drinking water from low rank coals underlying or proximal to the endemic settlements. We outline the current developments and future prospects in the study of BEN and differentiate possible factors and cofactors in disease etiology.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.106-1533478","usgsCitation":"Tatu, C., Orem, W., Finkelman, R.B., and Feder, G.L., 1998, The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: Still more questions than answers: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 106, no. 11, p. 689-700, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.106-1533478.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"700","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489185,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.106-1533478","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babdbe4b08c986b32310d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tatu, C. A.","contributorId":89942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tatu","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feder, G. L.","contributorId":79508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020556,"text":"70020556 - 1998 - A description of the first live Poouli captured","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020556","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A description of the first live Poouli captured","docAbstract":"The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper found only on Maui, Hawaii. It was rare at the time of its discovery in 1973, but by 1997 was on the brink of extinction with fewer than six individuals left. Two specimens were collected for the description of the species, but both proved to be immature by comparison with a pair of adults at a nest. Until 1997 no Poouli had ever been captured alive, and consequently descriptions of adult Poouli were produced from field observations. In 1997, I captured an adult male Poouli which is described here for the first time. Detailed comparisons of the plumage of this adult with that of an immature specimen and previous descriptions of the species are discussed in this paper, as are differences in plumage between adult and immature males and females that may aid the sexing and ageing of birds in the field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Baker, P., 1998, A description of the first live Poouli captured: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 110, no. 3, p. 307-310.","startPage":"307","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3b1e4b0c8380cd461a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, P.E.","contributorId":96450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020555,"text":"70020555 - 1998 - Development and testing of a contamination potential mapping system for a portion of the General Separations Area, Savannah River Site, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T12:48:56","indexId":"70020555","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and testing of a contamination potential mapping system for a portion of the General Separations Area, Savannah River Site, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A methodology was developed to evaluate and map the contamination potential or aquifer sensitivity of the upper groundwater flow system of a portion of the General Separations Area (GSA) at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to integrate diverse subsurface geologic data, soils data, and hydrology utilizing a stack-unit mapping approach to construct mapping layers. This is the first time that such an approach has been used to delineate the hydrogeology of a coastal plain environment. Unit surface elevation maps were constructed for the tops of six Tertiary units derived from over 200 boring logs. Thickness or isopach maps were created for five hydrogeologic units by differencing top and basal surface elevations. The geologic stack-unit map was created by stacking the five isopach maps and adding codes for each stack-unit polygon. Stacked-units were rated according to their hydrogeologic properties and ranked using a logarithmic approach (utility theory) to establish a contamination potential index. Colors were assigned to help display relative importance of stacked-units in preventing or promoting transport of contaminants. The sensitivity assessment included the effects of surface soils on contaminants which are particularly important for evaluating potential effects from surface spills. Hydrogeologic/hydrologic factors did not exhibit sufficient spatial variation to warrant incorporation into contamination potential assessment. Development of this contamination potential mapping system provides a useful tool for site planners, environmental scientists, and regulatory agencies.A methodology was developed to evaluate and map the contamination potential or aquifer sensitivity of the upper groundwater flow system of a portion of the General Separations Area (GSA) at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to integrate diverse subsurface geologic data, soils data, and hydrology utilizing a stack-unit mapping approach to construct mapping layers. This is the first time that such an approach has been used to delineate the hydrogeology of a coastal plain environment. Unit surface elevation maps were constructed for the tops of six Tertiary units derived from over 200 boring logs. Thickness or isopach maps were created for five hydrogeologic units by differencing top and basal surface elevations. The geologic stack-unit map was created by stacking the five isopach maps and adding codes for each stack-unit polygon. Stacked-units were rated according to their hydrogeologic properties and ranked using a logarithmic approach (utility theory) to establish a contamination potential index. Colors were assigned to help display relative importance of stacked-units in preventing or promoting transport of contaminants. The sensitivity assessment included the effects of surface soils on contaminants which are particularly important for evaluating potential effects from surface spills. Hydrogeologic/hydrologic factors did not exhibit sufficient spatial variation to warrant incorporation into contamination potential assessment. Development of this contamination potential mapping system provides a useful tool for site planners, environmental scientists, and regulatory agencies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002540050313","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Rine, J., Berg, R.C., Shafer, J., Covington, E., Reed, J., Bennett, C., and Trudnak, J., 1998, Development and testing of a contamination potential mapping system for a portion of the General Separations Area, Savannah River Site, South Carolina: Environmental Geology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 263-277, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050313.","startPage":"263","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050313"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 32.87382044499353\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 33.42341844641943\n ],\n [\n -81.26174926757812,\n 33.42341844641943\n ],\n [\n -81.26174926757812,\n 32.87382044499353\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 32.87382044499353\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0027e4b0c8380cd4f5fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rine, J.M.","contributorId":53145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, R. C.","contributorId":11673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafer, J.M.","contributorId":72995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Covington, E.R.","contributorId":58157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, J.K.","contributorId":38031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, C.B.","contributorId":61308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trudnak, J.E.","contributorId":56938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trudnak","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70020532,"text":"70020532 - 1998 - Ecoregions as a level of ecological analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70020532","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecoregions as a level of ecological analysis","docAbstract":"There have been many attempts to classify geographic areas into zones of similar characteristics. Recent focus has been on ecoregions. We examined how well the boundaries of the most commonly used ecoregion classifications for the US matched the boundaries of existing vegetation cover mapped at three levels of classification, fine, mid- and coarse scale. We analyzed ecoregions in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. The results were similar among the two ecoregion classifications. For both ecoregion delineations and all three vegetation classifications, the patterns of existing vegetation did not correspond well with the patterns of ecoregions. Most vegetation types had a small proportion of their total area in a given ecoregion. There was also no dominance by one or more vegetation types in any ecoregion and contrary to our hypothesis, the level of congruence of vegetation patterns with ecoregion boundaries decreased as the level of classification became more general. The implications of these findings on the use of ecoregions as a planning tool and in the development of land conservation efforts are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00002-0","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Wright, R., Murray, M., and Merrill, T., 1998, Ecoregions as a level of ecological analysis: Biological Conservation, v. 86, no. 2, p. 207-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00002-0.","startPage":"207","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206837,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00002-0"},{"id":230906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0596e4b0c8380cd50e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, M.P.","contributorId":83304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, T.","contributorId":89301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000790,"text":"1000790 - 1998 - Reproduction and early life history of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) on the St. Louis River, a Lake Superior tributary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:38:18","indexId":"1000790","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction and early life history of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) on the St. Louis River, a Lake Superior tributary","docAbstract":"Reproduction and early life history of ruffe (Gymnocephalus ceriums) was investigated during April to July in 1993 and 1994 in the St. Louis River, a western Lake Superior tributary. This study was conducted to assist fishery managers in determining possible interactions among the early life stages of ruffe and other North American percids, and in obtaining information useful in developing control methods targeted at the early life stages of ruffe. Ruffe had a prolonged spawning period that extended from late April to late June with peak spawning in mid to late May when water temperatures were between 12 and 14°C. The majority of ruffe protolarva were captured 1 to 2 weeks after egg deposition between mid May and late June and most were captured in water 0.5-m deep. Onshore-offshore movements were not observed, but diel vertical movements of larval ruffe were observed on several occasions. The greatest chance of ballast water transport of pelagic larval ruffe is between mid May and July. Information on reproduction and early life history in this report will assist fishery mangers in development of ruffe control methods, and assist Great Lakes shipping in ballast water management to prevent the spread of ruffe.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70814-7","usgsCitation":"Brown, W.P., Selgeby, J.H., and Collins, H.L., 1998, Reproduction and early life history of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) on the St. Louis River, a Lake Superior tributary: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 217-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70814-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c6cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, William P.","contributorId":16357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Hollie L.","contributorId":65034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Hollie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000789,"text":"1000789 - 1998 - Intra-lake variation in maturity, fecundity, and spawning of slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) in southern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T00:14:09.461823","indexId":"1000789","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra-lake variation in maturity, fecundity, and spawning of slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) in southern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the spawning cycle and factors affecting fecundity of slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) are important in understanding the population dynamics of this species in large lake systems, like Lake Ontario. Fecundity and the spawning cycle of slimy sculpins were described from samples of slimy sculpins and their egg masses collected with bottom trawls during four annual surveys, April to October, 1988 to 1994. Incidence of gravid females and collections of their egg masses indicated that spawning by slimy sculpins likely occurred from late April to mid October in Lake Ontario. Protracted spawning by slimy sculpins in Lake Ontario is probably a function of the annual water temperature cycle at various depths. Mean length of gravid females was inversely related to density of slimy sculpins. Fecundity ranged from 55 to 1,157 eggs among fish 55 to 127 mm long, and for similar-sized fish, fecundity was inversely related to density of slimy sculpins. Fecundity was about 50% higher at Olcott, where population indices of slimy sculpins were low, compared with Nine Mile Point where indices were much higher. Somatic weight or total length were both good predictors of fecundity. Lipid content of slimy sculpins was lower in an area of high sculpin abundance than in an area of low sculpin abundance, suggesting that fecundity was a function of density-dependent food availability. In large aquatic ecosystems, samples from more than one area may be necessary to describe fecundity of a sedentary species like slimy sculpin, especially if fish densities vary considerably among geographic areas. Large geographic variations in fecundity may be an indicator of spatial imbalance of a species with its prey. Low fecundity may be a compensatory response of slimy sculpins to low food supplies, thereby limiting population growth.
A multiyear tag and recapture study was conducted to determine whether channel catfishIctalurus punctatus were migratory and if they had strong homing tendencies. Over 10,000 channel catfish were tagged from the lower Wisconsin River and adjacent waters of the upper Mississippi River during the 3-year sampling period. Data on movements were obtained from study recaptures and through tag returns and harvest information provided by sport anglers and commercial fishers. Channel catfish occupied relatively small home ranges during summer, migrated downstream to the upper Mississippi River in autumn, then migrated back up the Wisconsin River in spring to spawn and to occupy the same summer home sites they had used in previous summers. Fish size was a factor in the degree of fidelity to summer home sites, with larger fish showing greater fidelity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0085:SMAHOC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pellett, T.D., Van Dyck, G.J., and Adams, J.V., 1998, Seasonal migration and homing of channel catfish in the lower Wisconsin River, Wisconsin: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 18, no. 1, p. 85-95, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0085:SMAHOC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellett, Thomas D.","contributorId":15969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellett","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Dyck, Gene J.","contributorId":103620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Dyck","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020525,"text":"70020525 - 1998 - Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T08:23:24","indexId":"70020525","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2418,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems","docAbstract":"Three superimposed pressure systems are present in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. A number of commercial, thermogenic gas accumulations have been found in an area in which shale diapirs occur. Because the reservoir intervals are shallow and very young, they must have filled with gas rapidly. The thick (up to 17 km) Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary succession is dominated by shales, and is not disrupted by major faulting in the study area, a factor which seems to have had an important effect on both hydrocarbon generation and fluid migration. Organic-matter maturation in the deepest, most overpressured compartment has been significantly retarded as a result of the combined effects of excess pressure, the presence of large volumes of water, and the retention of generated hydrocarbons. This retardation is indicated by both kerogen-related parameters (vitrinite reflectance and Rock-Eval T(max)); and also by parameters based on the analysis of soluble organic matter (such as the C15+ hydrocarbon content, and the concentration of isoprenoid hydrocarbons relative to adjacent normal alkanes). In contrast to this, organic-matter maturation in shallow, normally-pressured strata in the diapiric area has been enhanced by hydrothermal fluid flow, which is clearly not topography-driven in origin. As a result, the hydrocarbon generation 'window' in the basin is considerably wider than could be expected from traditional geochemical modelling. These two unusual and contrasting anomalies in organic-matter maturation, together with other lines of evidence, suggest that there was a closed fluid system in the overpressured compartment until shale diapirs developed. The diapirs developed as a result of the intense overpressuring, and their growth was triggered by regional extensional stresses. They served as conduits through which fluids (both water and hydrocarbons) retained in the closed system could rapidly migrate. Fluid migration led to the modification of the thermal regime and the enhancement of organic maturation, as well as the accumulation of commercial volumes of gas in a relatively short time interval.Three superimposed pressure systems are present in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. To date, a number of commercial, thermogenic gas accumulations have been found in an area in which shale diapirs occur. In fact, two unusual and contrasting anomalies in organic-matter maturation have been documented. These two anomalies, together with other lines of evidence, suggest that there was a closed fluid system in the overpressured compartment until shale diapirs developed. The diapirs developed as a result of intense overpowering, and their growth was triggered by regional extensional stresses. They served as conduits through which fluids retained in the closed system could rapidly migrate. Fluid migration led to the modification of the thermal regime and the enhancement of organic maturation, as well as the accumulation of commercial volumes of gas in a relatively short time interval.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sci Surv Ltd","publisherLocation":"Beaconsfield, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x","issn":"01416421","usgsCitation":"Hao, F., Li, S., Dong, W., Hu, Z., and Huang, B., 1998, Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 427-444, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x.","startPage":"427","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269617,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e643e4b0c8380cd472c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hao, F.","contributorId":12649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hao","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, W.","contributorId":66444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hu, Z.","contributorId":11380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, B.","contributorId":7873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020524,"text":"70020524 - 1998 - Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage abundance for deer in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020524","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage abundance for deer in Maine","docAbstract":"Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage availability for large herbivores in northern forests have received relatively little study. We determined effects of glyphosate treatment of clearcuts on abundance of summer foods for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at 1 and 7-10 years posttreatment. We measured the abundance (percent cover in a 0- to 1.8-m height stratum) of five forage classes for deer (leaves of deciduous trees, leaves of deciduous shrubs, forbs, grasses, ferns) on 12 clearcuts (six treated, six untreated) to determine 1-year effects and on 10 clearcuts (five treated, five untreated) to determine 7- to 10-year effects. Abundance of leaves of deciduous trees was greater on untreated sites (38 versus 11%) at 1 year posttreatment, but the difference was less (18 versus 12%) at 7-10 years posttreatment (age x treatment interaction, P = 0.005). Leaves of deciduous shrubs exhibited a similar pattern. Abundance of forbs was similar (13-14%) at 1 year posttreatment but greater on treated sites (29 versus 15%) at 7-10 years posttreatment (P = 0.03). Grasses and ferns were less abundant than other forage classes. Overall, glyphosate application initially decreased the abundance of leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs used as food in summer, but the longer term positive effects on forb abundance may result in little net change in overall habitat value.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Vreeland, J., Servello, F.A., and Griffith, B., 1998, Effects of conifer release with glyphosate on summer forage abundance for deer in Maine: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 28, no. 10, p. 1574-1578.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1578","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b7e4b0c8380cd513b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vreeland, J.K.","contributorId":22528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vreeland","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servello, F. A.","contributorId":7804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servello","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffith, B.","contributorId":25905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000752,"text":"1000752 - 1998 - Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:15:25","indexId":"1000752","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana","docAbstract":"In 1993, 20 great blue heron (Ardea herodias; GBH) eggs (one per nest) were collected from a colony at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (INDU). The eggs were artificially incubated until pipping and were then analyzed for organochlorines, mercury, and selenium. Livers of embryos were analyzed for hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity. Brains were measured for asymmetry. Egg-laying began in early April and the mean clutch size was 4.2 eggs per clutch. Organochlorine concentrations were generally low (geometric mean p,p’-DDE = 1.6 /μg/g wet weight; polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] = 4.9 μg/g); however, one egg had elevated concentrations of p,p -DDE (13 /μg/g) and PCBs (56 /μg/g). EROD activity in the embryos analyzed from INDU was not elevated. The frequency (11%) of brain asymmetry was low. Eggshells averaged 3.4% thinner than eggshells collected prior to the use of DDT. Mercury (geometric mean = 0.9 μg/g dry weight) concentrations in GBH eggs were within background levels. Selenium (4.0 μg/g dry weight) concentrations in eggs were above background levels, but below a concentration threshold associated with reproductive impairment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70795-6","usgsCitation":"Custer, T.W., Hines, R.K., Stewart, P.M., Melancon, M.J., Henshel, D.S., and Spearks, D.W., 1998, Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 1, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70795-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, Randy K. 0000-0002-5135-3135 rkhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3135","contributorId":3340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Randy","email":"rkhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melancon, Mark J.","contributorId":21918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henshel, Diane S.","contributorId":87506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henshel","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spearks, Daniel W.","contributorId":57424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spearks","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1000751,"text":"1000751 - 1998 - Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:45:55","indexId":"1000751","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey","docAbstract":"Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) body burden accumulated by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Laurentian Great Lakes is from their food. We used diet information, PCB determinations in both lake trout and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiency with which Lake Michigan lake trout retain PCBs from their food. Our estimates were the most reliable estimates to date because (a) the lake trout and prey fish sampled during our study were all from the same vicinity of the lake, (b) detailed measurements were made on the PCB concentrations of both lake trout and prey fish over wide ranges in fish size, and (c) lake trout diet was analyzed in detail over a wide range of lake trout size. Our estimates of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to lake trout from their prey averaged from 0.73 to 0.89 for lake trout between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. There was no evidence of an upward or downward trend in our estimates of net trophic transfer efficiency for lake trout between the ages of 5 and 10 years old, and therefore this efficiency appeared to be constant over the duration of the lake trout's adult life in the lake. On the basis of our estimtes, lake trout retained 80% of the PCBs that are contained within their food.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9708326","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Hesselberg, R.J., Desorcie, T.J., Schmidt, L., Stedman, R.M., Quintal, R.T., Begnoche, L.J., and Passino-Reader, D.R., 1998, Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 7, p. 886-891, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9708326.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"886","endPage":"891","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":23480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Larry J.","contributorId":51238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Larry J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stedman, Ralph M.","contributorId":60578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedman","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quintal, Richard T. rquintal@usgs.gov","contributorId":4237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"Richard","email":"rquintal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1000699,"text":"1000699 - 1998 - Evidence for early metamorphosis of sea lampreys in the Chippewa River, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:08:05","indexId":"1000699","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for early metamorphosis of sea lampreys in the Chippewa River, Michigan","docAbstract":"We determined age at metamorphosis to the juvenile or parasitic phase for sea lampreysPetromyzon marinus in a highly productive Great Lakes tributary to determine if the age at metamorphosis was earlier than expected. Ages determined from statoliths, a structure analogous to otoliths in teleost fishes, indicated that many sea lampreys collected from the Chippewa River, Michigan, in September 1995 were undergoing metamorphosis at age 2, at least 1 year earlier than previously observed. In all, 141 newly metamorphosed lampreys were examined, and 81% were estimated to be only 2 years old. The length-frequency distribution of newly metamorphosed sea lampreys in the Chippewa River also indicated the possibility of metamorphsis at age 2, but to a lesser extent than indicated by statolith aging. The Chippewa River is a highly productive stream that might require more frequent treatment than previously suspected. More careful examination of other highly productive streams is needed to determine if, and to what extent, sea lampreys metamorphose at age 2 in the Chippewa River and other Great Lakes tributaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0966:EFEMOS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Morkert, S.B., Swink, W.D., and Seelye, J.G., 1998, Evidence for early metamorphosis of sea lampreys in the Chippewa River, Michigan: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 18, no. 4, p. 966-971, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0966:EFEMOS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"971","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morkert, Sidney B.","contributorId":44506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morkert","given":"Sidney","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swink, William D.","contributorId":60586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, James G.","contributorId":69919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000683,"text":"1000683 - 1998 - Estimates of loss rates of jaw tags on walleyes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T12:57:37","indexId":"1000683","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of loss rates of jaw tags on walleyes","docAbstract":"The rate of jaw tag loss was evaluated for walleye Stizostedion vitreum in Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin. We estimated tag loss using two recapture methods, a creel census and fykenetting. Average annual tag loss estimates were 17.5% for fish recaptured by anglers and 27.8% for fish recaptured in fyke nets. However, fyke-net data were biased by tag loss during netting. The loss rate of jaw tags increased with time and walleye length.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0202:EOLROJ>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Newman, S.P., and Hoff, M.H., 1998, Estimates of loss rates of jaw tags on walleyes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 18, no. 1, p. 202-205, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0202:EOLROJ>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"205","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64866b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, Steven P.","contributorId":71919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}