{"pageNumber":"3506","pageRowStart":"87625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70020380,"text":"70020380 - 1998 - Major improvements in progress for Southern California Earthquake Monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T12:12:43.042426","indexId":"70020380","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major improvements in progress for Southern California Earthquake Monitoring","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Major improvements in seismic and strong-motion monitoring networks are being implemented in southern California to better meet the needs of emergency response personnel, structural engineers, and the research community in promoting earthquake hazard reduction. Known as the TriNet project, the improvements are being coordinated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) of the state's Department of Conservation. Already the ambitious instrument and system development project has started to record and disseminate ground motions from a spatially dense and robust network of high quality seismographs.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98EO00157","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., Kanamori, H., Davis, J., Hauksson, E., Clayton, R., Heaton, T., Jones, L., Shakal, A., and Porcella, R., 1998, Major improvements in progress for Southern California Earthquake Monitoring: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 79, no. 18, p. 217-221, https://doi.org/10.1029/98EO00157.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98eo00157","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231017,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c01e4b0c8380cd69934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.","contributorId":41376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clayton, R.","contributorId":73352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heaton, T.","contributorId":107862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heaton","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, L.","contributorId":26084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shakal, A.","contributorId":20934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shakal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Porcella, R.","contributorId":54370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1014837,"text":"1014837 - 1998 - Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T21:10:51.56374","indexId":"1014837","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>","title":"Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ability of ovine growth hormone (oGH), recombinant bovine insulin-like growth factor I (rbIGF-I), recombinant human insulin-like growth factor II (rhIGF-II), and bovine insulin to increase hypoosmoregulatory capacity in the euryhaline teleost</span><i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i><span>was examined. Fish acclimated to brackish water (BW, 10 ppt salinity, 320 mOsm/kg H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O) were injected with a single dose of hormone and transferred to seawater (SW, 35 ppt salinity, 1120 mOsm/kg H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O) 2 days later. Fish were sampled 24 h after transfer and plasma osmolality, plasma glucose, and gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>,K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity were examined. Transfer from BW to SW increased plasma osmolality and gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>,K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity. Transfer from BW to BW had no effect on these parameters. rbIGF-I (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μg/g) improved the ability to maintain plasma osmolality and to increase gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. oGH (0.5, 1, and 2 μg/g) also increased hypoosmoregulatory ability but only the higher doses (2 μg/g) significantly increased gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>,K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity. oGH (1 μg/g) and rbIGF-I (0.1 μg/g) had a significantly greater effect on plasma osmolality and gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>,K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity than either hormone alone. rhIGF-II (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μg/g) and bovine insulin (0.01 and 0.05 μg/g) were without effect. The results suggest a role of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in seawater acclimation of</span><i>F. heteroclitus.</i><span>Based on these findings and previous studies, it is concluded that the capacity of the GH/IGF-I axis to increase hypoosmoregulatory ability may be a common feature of euryhalinity in teleosts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1998.7086","usgsCitation":"Mancera, J.M., and McCormick, S., 1998, Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 111, no. 2, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1998.7086.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.6774914647944,\n              41.771978786437614\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.83456262248117,\n              41.706344623884235\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.87435398242873,\n              41.579575059736044\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.96440811283561,\n              41.22612956273292\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.61885156592479,\n              41.23085481140106\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.1057524508144,\n              41.29382549185587\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.14973237496689,\n              41.50119777512694\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.30680353265366,\n              41.695399075450126\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.6774914647944,\n              41.771978786437614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mancera, J. M.","contributorId":7236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mancera","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007999,"text":"1007999 - 1998 - Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T17:43:47.280259","indexId":"1007999","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study of fuels of Siena Nevada conifer species showed that percent ash content, heat content with ash, and heat content without ash of needle and duff fuels significantly varied by species, fuel component, and developmental stage of the overstory. Ash and heat contents of woody fuels varied by species and fuel component but not by developmental stage. Bark fuels significantly differed by species, while no factor significantly affected cone fuels. Regional variation in ash and heat content was evident but small. However, the values reported here for heat content with ash for fine fuels averaged 2.50 MJ kg</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;higher than the standard values used in fire behavior prediction systems. Using standard values can result in significant under predictions of fireline intensity of an average of 16 percent for all species of up to 47 percent for&nbsp;</span><i>Pinus albicaulis</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WF9980147","usgsCitation":"van Wagdendonk, J.W., Sydoriak, W., and Benedict, J., 1998, Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 8, no. 3, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF9980147.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63d071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Wagdendonk, J. W.","contributorId":334164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Wagdendonk","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sydoriak, W.M.","contributorId":99506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sydoriak","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benedict, J.M.","contributorId":20693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020382,"text":"70020382 - 1998 - Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites: Serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T13:54:01.439438","indexId":"70020382","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites: Serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mineralogy, contents, and isotopic compositions of sulfur in oceanic serpentinites reflect variations in temperatures and fluid fluxes. Serpentinization of &lt;1 Ma peridotites at Hess Deep occurred at high temperatures (200°–400°C) and low water/rock ratios. Oxidation of ferrous iron to magnetite maintained low ƒO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and produced a reduced, low-sulfur assemblage including NiFe alloy. Small amounts of sulfate reduction by thermophilic microbes occurred as the system cooled, producing low-δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S sulfide (1.5‰ to −23.7‰). In contrast, serpentinization of Iberian Margin peridotites occurred at low temperatures(∼20°–200°C) and high water/rock ratios. Complete serpentinization and consumption of ferrous iron allowed evolution to higher ƒO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Microbial reduction of seawater sulfate resulted in addition of low-δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S sulfide (∼15 to ∼43‰) and formation of higher-sulfur assemblages that include valleriite and pyrite. The high SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>/total S ratio of Hess Deep serpentinites (0.89) results in an increase of total sulfur and high δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S of total sulfur (mean ∼8‰). In contrast, Iberian Margin serpentinites gained large amounts of&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S-poor sulfide (mean total S = 3800 ppm), and the high sulfide/total S ratio (0.61) results in a net decrease in δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S of total sulfur (mean ≈ −5‰). Thus serpentinization is a net sink for seawater sulfur, but the amount fixed and its isotopic composition vary significantly. Serpentinization may result in uptake of 0.4–14 × 10</span><sup>12</sup><span>&nbsp;g S yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;from the oceans, comparable to isotopic exchange in mafic rocks of seafloor hydrothermal systems and approaching global fluxes of riverine sulfate input and sedimentary sulfide output.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB00576","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Alt, J., and Shanks, W.C., 1998, Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites: Serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 5, p. 9917-9929, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00576.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9917","endPage":"9929","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd9e4b08c986b31db0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alt, J.C.","contributorId":72951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020136,"text":"70020136 - 1998 - Seismotectonics of the Loma Prieta, California, region determined from three-dimensional Vp, Vp/Vs, and seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:34:31.368166","indexId":"70020136","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismotectonics of the Loma Prieta, California, region determined from three-dimensional Vp, Vp/Vs, and seismicity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three-dimensional&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span>&nbsp;velocity models for the Loma Prieta region were developed from the inversion of local travel time data (21,925&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;arrivals and 1,116&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;arrivals) from earthquakes, refraction shots, and blasts recorded on 1700 stations from the Northern California Seismic Network and numerous portable seismograph deployments. The velocity and density models and microearthquake hypocenters reveal a complex structure that includes a San Andreas fault extending to the base of the seismogenic layer. A body with high&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><span>&nbsp;extends the length of the rupture and fills the 5 km wide volume between the Loma Prieta mainshock rupture and the San Andreas and Sargent faults. We suggest that this body controls both the pattern of background seismicity on the San Andreas and Sargent faults and the extent of rupture during the mainshock, thus explaining how the background seismicity outlined the along-strike and depth extent of the mainshock rupture on a different fault plane 5 km away. New aftershock focal mechanisms, based on three-dimensional ray tracing through the velocity model, support a heterogeneous postseismic stress field and can not resolve a uniform fault normal compression. The subvertical (or steeply dipping) San Andreas fault and the fault surfaces that ruptured in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are both parts of the San Andreas fault zone and this section of the fault zone does not have a single type of characteristic event.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB01984","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Eberhart-Phillips, D., and Michael, A., 1998, Seismotectonics of the Loma Prieta, California, region determined from three-dimensional Vp, Vp/Vs, and seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 9, p. 21099-21120, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01984.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"21099","endPage":"21120","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bd8e4b08c986b317b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, D.","contributorId":80428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020038,"text":"70020038 - 1998 - Isolation of Acholeplasma laidlawii from centrarchids in a Central Florida Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T00:54:59.650152","indexId":"70020038","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation of Acholeplasma laidlawii from centrarchids in a Central Florida Lake","docAbstract":"<div class=\"ecommAbs ja publication-tabs publication-tabs-dropdown\"><div class=\"tabs tabs-widget\"><div class=\"tab-content\"><div id=\"mainTabPanel\" class=\"tab tab-pane active\" aria-labelledby=\"showFullText\"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"last\">In 1991, the poor physical condition of largemouth bass<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from Lake Harris, Florida, was associated with the decline of the lake's fishery. The swim bladders of emaciated bass had mild inflammation and ecchymotic hemorrhages. A mycoplasma-like organism isolated from swim bladders was initially believed to be the causative agent. The organism was later identified as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Acholeplasma laidlawii</i><span>&nbsp;</span>by using a fluorescent antibody procedure and was demonstrated to be nonpathogenic. Parenteral injection of the organism into healthy largemouth bass fingerlings produced no signs of disease or difference in growth rate compared with control fish during a 16-month period. Field studies resulted in isolation of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. laidlawii</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from black crappies<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i>, bluegills<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>, and redear sunfish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. microlophus</i>, but not from noncentrarchids in Lake Harris or from any fish species in a control fishery (Lake Holly, Florida). The absence of organisms in all emaciated bass, our inability to reproduce the disease, and isolation of the organism from seemingly healthy fish suggest this organism was not pathogenic.</p></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0252:IOALFC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Francis-Floyd, R., Reed, P., Gibbs, P., Shotts, E., Bolon, B., Coleman, W., and Klinger, R., 1998, Isolation of Acholeplasma laidlawii from centrarchids in a Central Florida Lake: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 10, no. 3, p. 252-258, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0252:IOALFC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f4be4b0c8380cd64410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francis-Floyd, R.","contributorId":84700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis-Floyd","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, P.","contributorId":19316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, P.","contributorId":6206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shotts, E.","contributorId":61189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shotts","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bolon, B.","contributorId":32316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolon","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coleman, W.","contributorId":55592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klinger, R.","contributorId":78493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1014838,"text":"1014838 - 1998 - Osmoregulatory actions of the GH/IGF axis in non-salmonid teleosts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T16:20:41.604759","indexId":"1014838","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1293,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmoregulatory actions of the GH/IGF axis in non-salmonid teleosts","docAbstract":"<p>Salmonid fishes provided the first findings on the influence of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis on osmoregulation in teleost fishes. Recent studies on non-salmonid species, however, indicate that this physiological action of the GH/IGF-I axis is not restricted to salmonids or anadromous fishes. GH-producing cells in the pituitary of fish acclimated to different salinities show different degrees of activation depending on the species studied. Plasma GH levels either increase or do not change after transfer of fish from freshwater to seawater. Treatment with GH or IGF-I increases salinity tolerance and/or increases gill Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity of killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>), tilapia (<i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> and <i>Oreochromis</i><i>niloticus</i>) and striped bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>). As in salmonids, a positive interaction between GH and cortisol for improving hypoosmoregulatory capacity has been described in tilapia (<i>O</i>. <i>mossambicus</i>). Research on the osmoregulatory role of the GH/IGF-I axis is derived from a small number of teleost species. The study of more species with different osmoregulary patterns will be necessary to fully clarify the osmoregulatory role of GH/IGF-I axis in fish. The available data does suggest, however, that the influence of the GH/IGF-I axis on osmoregulation may be a common feature of euryhalinity in teleosts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10112-8","usgsCitation":"Mancera, J.M., and McCormick, S., 1998, Osmoregulatory actions of the GH/IGF axis in non-salmonid teleosts: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v. 121, no. 1, p. 43-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10112-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mancera, J. M.","contributorId":7236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mancera","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020394,"text":"70020394 - 1998 - A model that helps explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020394","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model that helps explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems","docAbstract":"Feldspar phenocrysts of silicic volcanic rocks are commonly in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium with groundmass. In some cases the feldspar is more radiogenic, and in others it is less radiogenic. Several explanations have been published previously, but none of these is able to accommodate both senses of disequilibrium. We present a model by which either more- or less-radiogenic feldspar (or even both within a single eruptive unit) can originate. The model requires a magma body open to interaction with biotite- and feldspar-bearing wall rock. Magma is incrementally contaminated as wall rock melts incongruently. Biotite preferentially melts first, followed by feldspar. Such melting behavior, which is supported by both field and experimental studies, first contaminates magma with a relatively radiogenic addition, followed by a less-radiogenic addition. Feldspar phenocrysts lag behind melt (groundmass of volcanic rock) in incorporating the influx of contaminant, thus resulting in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium between the crystals and melt. The sense of disequilibrium recorded in a volcanic rock depends on when eruption quenches the contamination process. This model is testable by isotopic fingerprinting of individual feldspar crystals. For a given set of geologic boundary conditions, specific core-to-rim Sr-isotopic profiles are expectable. Moreover, phenocrysts that nucleate at different times during the contamination process should record different and predictable parts of the history. Initial results of Sr-isotopic fingerprinting of sanidine phenocrysts from the Taylor Creek Rhyolite are consistent with the model. More tests of the model are desirable.Feldspar phenocrysts of silicic volcanic rocks are commonly in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium with groundmass. In some cases the feldspar is more radiogenic, and in others it is less radiogenic. Several explanations have been published previously, but none of these is able to accommodate both senses of disequilibrium. We present a model by which either more- or less-radiogenic feldspar (or even both within a single eruptive unit) can originate. The model requires a magma body open to interaction with biotite- and feldspar-bearing wall rock. Magma is incrementally contaminated as wall rock melts incongruently. Biotite preferentially melts first, followed by feldspar. Such melting behavior, which is supported by both field and experimental studies, first contaminates magma with a relatively radiogenic addition, followed by a less-radiogenic addition. Feldspar phenocrysts lag behind melt (groundmass of volcanic rock) in incorporating the influx of contaminant, thus resulting in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium between the crystals and melt. The sense of disequilibrium recorded in a volcanic rock depends on when eruption quenches the contamination process. This model is testable by isotopic fingerprinting of individual feldspar crystals. For a given set of geologic boundary conditions, specific core-to-rim Sr-isotopic profiles are expectable. Moreover, phenocrysts that nucleate at different times during the contamination process should record different and predictable parts of the history. Initial results of Sr-isotopic fingerprinting of sanidine phenocrysts from the Taylor Creek Rhyolite are consistent with the model. More tests of the model are desirable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00071-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., and Ruiz, J., 1998, A model that helps explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 87, no. 1-4, p. 7-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00071-7.","startPage":"7","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00071-7"},{"id":231254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e481e4b0c8380cd46691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz, J.","contributorId":88886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019805,"text":"70019805 - 1998 - Causes of sinks near Tucson, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T01:42:33.499297","indexId":"70019805","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of sinks near Tucson, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p> Land subsidence in the form of sinks has occurred on and near farmlands near Tucson, Pima County, Arizona, USA. The sinks occur in alluvial deposits along the flood plain of the Santa Cruz River, and have made farmlands dangerous and unsuitable for farming. More than 1700 sinks are confined to the flood plain of the Santa Cruz River and are grouped along two north-northwestward-trending bands that are approximately parallel to the river and other flood-plain drainages. An estimated 17,000 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of sediment have been removed in the formation of the sinks. Thirteen trenches were dug to depths of 4–6 m to characterize near-surface sediments in sink and nonsink areas. Sediments below about 2 m included a large percentage of dispersive clays in sink areas. Sediments in nonsink areas contain a large component of medium- to coarse-grained, moderately to well sorted sand that probably fills a paleochannel. Electromagnetic surveys support the association of silts and clays in sink areas that are highly electrically conductive relative to sand in nonsink areas. Sinks probably are caused by the near-surface process of subsurface erosion of dispersive sediments along pre-existing cracks in predominantly silt and clay sediments. The pre-existing cracks probably result from desiccation or tension that developed during periods of water-table decline and channel incision during the past 100 years or in earlier periods.</p></div></div><div id=\"Abs2-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400050158","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J., Pool, D.R., Konieczki, A., and Carpenter, M.C., 1998, Causes of sinks near Tucson, Arizona, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 6, no. 3, p. 349-364, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050158.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3d6e4b0c8380cd4b9c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, J.P.","contributorId":76389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konieczki, A.D.","contributorId":28218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konieczki","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carpenter, M. C.","contributorId":101672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007937,"text":"1007937 - 1998 - Coluber infernalis Blainville,1835 and Eutaenia sirtalis tetrataenia Cope in Yarrow, 1875 (currently Thamnophis s. tetrataenia and T. s. infernalis; Reptilia, Squamata): Proposed conservation of usage of the subspecific names by the designation of a neotype for T. s. infernalis. (Case 3012)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T12:29:51.081176","indexId":"1007937","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1110,"text":"Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coluber infernalis Blainville,1835 and Eutaenia sirtalis tetrataenia Cope in Yarrow, 1875 (currently Thamnophis s. tetrataenia and T. s. infernalis; Reptilia, Squamata): Proposed conservation of usage of the subspecific names by the designation of a neotype for T. s. infernalis. (Case 3012)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature","doi":"10.5962/bhl.part.193","usgsCitation":"Barry, S., and Jennings, M., 1998, Coluber infernalis Blainville,1835 and Eutaenia sirtalis tetrataenia Cope in Yarrow, 1875 (currently Thamnophis s. tetrataenia and T. s. infernalis; Reptilia, Squamata): Proposed conservation of usage of the subspecific names by the designation of a neotype for T. s. infernalis. (Case 3012): Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 55, no. 4, p. 224-228, https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.193.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479763,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.193","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barry, S.J.","contributorId":99088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016146,"text":"1016146 - 1998 - Forest floor bryophytes of Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla stand in Oregon: Influences of substrate and overstory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T10:21:10","indexId":"1016146","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1087,"text":"Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Forest floor bryophytes of <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla</i> stand in Oregon: Influences of substrate and overstory","title":"Forest floor bryophytes of Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla stand in Oregon: Influences of substrate and overstory","docAbstract":"<p>Species richness and abundance of bryophytes inhabiting forest floor substrates were assessed at two sites in western Oregon. Bryophyte diversity, abundance, and community composition were compared between sites, and between young forest stands (~55 yrs) and old-growth stands (400 + yrs) within each site. Relationships of stand structural features to diversity and community composition were assessed by stratifying sampling between \"diversity\" plots placed in areas of greater structural diversity, such as hardwood openings and remnant old-growth trees, and \"matrix\" plots situated within the remaining more homogeneous conifer-dominated forest matrix. Richness, particularly for liverworts, was significantly higher in old-growth than young stands, and the two ages differed significantly in community composition. Substrate (ground versus coarse woody debris) and overstory (conifers versus hardwoods) were most strongly correlated with variation in community composition. Relatively open hardwood-dominated diversity plots differed in composition from matrix plots. Bryophyte abundance was lower in denser stands and plots, and positively correlated with canopy gaps, percentage of hardwoods, and incident solar radiation. These results suggest that availability of light may limit bryophyte productivity in these stands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Bryological and Lichenological Society","doi":"10.2307/3244083","usgsCitation":"Rambo, T., and Muir, P.S., 1998, Forest floor bryophytes of Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla stand in Oregon: Influences of substrate and overstory: Bryologist, v. 101, no. 1, p. 116-130, https://doi.org/10.2307/3244083.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rambo, T.","contributorId":101620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rambo","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muir, Patricia S.","contributorId":12438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016005,"text":"1016005 - 1998 - Demographic and growth responses of a guerrilla and a phalanx perennial grass in competitive mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:53:57.759191","indexId":"1016005","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic and growth responses of a guerrilla and a phalanx perennial grass in competitive mixtures","docAbstract":"<ul class=\"\"><li><p>The advantages of guerrilla and phalanx growth for the guerrilla<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus lanceolatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ssp.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>lanceolatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and phalanx<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. l.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ssp.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>wawawaiensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were evaluated over 2 years in two taxon mixtures with a range of densities of each subspecies and under two levels of watering.</p></li><li><p>Ramet numbers and biomass of the guerrilla subspecies were higher than those of the phalanx grass in the first year but in the second year declined greatly, while the phalanx grass showed no change in biomass and an increase in ramet numbers. High neighbour densities affected the phalanx subspecies more strongly than the guerrilla subspecies in the first year, but in the second year there were few differences between subspecies. Biomass of the guerrilla grass remained greater than that of the phalanx grass but ramet numbers were similar in the second year.</p></li><li><p>For both subspecies in both years, probability of flowering decreased at higher neighbour densities, indicating adaptation for competitive ability. In the first year, biomass was more strongly reduced by densities than flowering was, but in the second year, when crowding was apparently greater, flowering was more severely affected.</p></li><li><p>Genet survival was high and similar for both subspecies.</p></li><li><p>The presumed advantage of guerrilla subspecies in exploiting open space was supported. The guerrilla grass exploited resources more quickly in the first year by faster growth and greater ramet production, but its biomass, ramet numbers and rhizome growth, and thus its advantage, were reduced in the second year.</p></li><li><p>The phalanx subspecies had slower growth, produced more ramets in later years, and delayed flowering until later years. Although less able to exploit open resources, it appeared adapted to more stressful conditions, and may be able to exploit temporal resource pulses more effectively.</p></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.8650854.x","usgsCitation":"Humphrey, L.D., and Pyke, D.A., 1998, Demographic and growth responses of a guerrilla and a phalanx perennial grass in competitive mixtures: Journal of Ecology, v. 86, no. 5, p. 854-865, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.8650854.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"854","endPage":"865","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134027,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db544605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Humphrey, L. David","contributorId":49320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humphrey","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007973,"text":"1007973 - 1998 - A new Lepidodactylus (Squamata:Gekkonidae) from Vanuatu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:16","indexId":"1007973","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new Lepidodactylus (Squamata:Gekkonidae) from Vanuatu","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ota, H., Fisher, R., Ineich, I., Case, T.J., and Zug, G., 1998, A new Lepidodactylus (Squamata:Gekkonidae) from Vanuatu: Herpetologica, v. 54, p. 325-332.","productDescription":"p. 325-332","startPage":"325","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abf87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ota, H.","contributorId":79425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ota","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ineich, I.","contributorId":99505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ineich","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, T. J.","contributorId":77078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zug, G.R.","contributorId":72743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zug","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020147,"text":"70020147 - 1998 - Seismic-reflection evidence that the hayward fault extends into the lower crust of the San Francisco Bay Area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:22:42.695706","indexId":"70020147","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic-reflection evidence that the hayward fault extends into the lower crust of the San Francisco Bay Area, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"135542437\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>This article presents deep seismic-reflection data from an experiment across San Francisco Peninsula in 1995 using large (125 to 500 kg) explosive sources. Shot gathers show a mostly nonreflective upper crust in both the Franciscan and Salinian terranes (juxtaposed across the San Andreas fault), an onset of weak lower-crustal reflectivity beginning at about 6-sec two-way travel time (<span class=\"small-caps\">TWTT</span>) and bright southwest-dipping reflections between 11 and 13 sec<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">TWTT</span>. Previous studies have shown that the Moho in this area is no deeper than 25 km (∼8 to 9 sec<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">TWTT</span>). Three-dimensional reflection travel-time modeling of the 11 to 13 sec events from the shot gathers indicates that the bright events may be explained by reflectors 15 to 20 km into the upper mantle, northeast of the San Andreas fault. However, upper mantle reflections from these depths were not observed on marine-reflection profiles collected in San Francisco Bay, nor were they reported from a refraction prifile on San Francisco Peninsula. The most consistent interpretation of these events from 2D raytracing and 3D travel-time modeling is that they are out-of-plane reflections from a high-angle (dipping ∼70° to the southwest) impedance contrast in the lower crust that corresponds with the surface trace of the Hayward fault. These results suggest that the Hayward fault truncates the horizontal detachment fault suggested to be active beneath San Francisco Bay.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0880051212","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 1998, Seismic-reflection evidence that the hayward fault extends into the lower crust of the San Francisco Bay Area, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 88, no. 5, p. 1212-1223, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880051212.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1212","endPage":"1223","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.16423634240213,\n              38.38743989416764\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.16423634240213,\n              37.10176269653364\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09880665490206,\n              37.10176269653364\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09880665490206,\n              38.38743989416764\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.16423634240213,\n              38.38743989416764\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b80e4b08c986b31789b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1012931,"text":"1012931 - 1998 - Estimates of brown bear abundance on Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"1012931","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of brown bear abundance on Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"During 1987-94 we used capture-mark-resight (CMR) methodology and\r\nrates of observation (bears/hour and bears/100 km2) of unmarked brown bears\r\n(Ursus arctos middendorffi) during intensive aerial surveys (IAS) to estimate\r\nabundance of brown bears on Kodiak Island and to establish a baseline for\r\nmonitoring population trends. CMR estimates were obtained on 3 study areas;\r\ndensity ranged from 216-234 bears/1,000 km2 for independent animals and 292-342\r\nbears/1,000 km2 including dependent offspring. Rates of observation during IAS\r\nranged from 1.4-5.4 independent bears/hour and 2.9-18.0 independent bears/100\r\nkm2. Density estimates for independent bears on each IAS area were obtained by\r\ndividing mean number of bears observed during replicate surveys by estimated\r\nsightability (based on CMR-derived sightability in areas with similar habitat. \r\nBrown bear abundance on 21 geographic units of Kodiak Island and 3 nearby\r\nislands was estimated by extrapolation from CMR and IAS data using comparisons\r\nof habitat characteristics and sport harvest information. Population estimates\r\nfor independent and total bears were 1,800 and 2,600. The CMR and IAS\r\nprocedures offer alternative means, depending on management objective and\r\navailable resources, of measuring population trend of brown bears on Kodiak\r\nIsland.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ursus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barnes, V., and Smith, R.B., 1998, Estimates of brown bear abundance on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Ursus, v. 10, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"pp. 1-9","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7f16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, V.G. Jr.","contributorId":55765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"V.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. B.","contributorId":64589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007974,"text":"1007974 - 1998 - Fuel bed characteristics of Sierra Nevada conifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-01T23:01:20.605365","indexId":"1007974","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3744,"text":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fuel bed characteristics of Sierra Nevada conifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study of fuels in Sierra Nevada conifer forests showed that fuel bed depth and fuel bed weight significantly varied by tree species and developmental stage of the overstory. Specific values for depth and weight of woody, litter, and duff fuels are reported There was a significant positive relationship between fuel bed depth and weight. Estimates of woody fuel weight using the planar intercept method were significantly related to sampled values. These relationships can be used to estimate fuel weights in the field.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/wjaf/13.3.73","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., Benedict, J., and Sydoriak, W., 1998, Fuel bed characteristics of Sierra Nevada conifers: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 13, no. 3, p. 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/13.3.73.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479794,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/13.3.73","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129896,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.47913952270089,\n              35.40932290444138\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.22241560679059,\n              35.58604344505433\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.61438771329615,\n              39.350991990965184\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.32609259050204,\n              38.90622830495093\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.58610836997481,\n              37.27334675006179\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47913952270089,\n              35.40932290444138\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, J.M.","contributorId":20693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sydoriak, W.M.","contributorId":99506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sydoriak","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019796,"text":"70019796 - 1998 - Analysis of simulated advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer data of the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area for mapping lithologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-02T15:33:38.22959","indexId":"70019796","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of simulated advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer data of the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area for mapping lithologies","docAbstract":"<p><span>The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer was designed to record reflected energy in nine channels with 15 or 30 m resolution, including stereoscopic images, and emitted energy in five channels with 90 m resolution from the NASA Earth Observing System AMI platform. A simulated ASTER data set was produced for the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area by resampling calibrated, registered airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, and thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) data to the appropriate spatial and spectral parameters. A digital elevation model was obtained to simulate ASTER-derived topographic data. The main lithologic units in the area are granitic rocks and felsite into which a carbonatite stock and associated alkalic igneous rocks were intruded; these rocks are locally covered by Jurassic sandstone, Tertiary rhyolitic tuff, and colluvial deposits. Several methods were evaluated for mapping the main lithologic units, including the unsupervised classification and spectral curve-matching techniques. In the five thermalinfrared (TIR) channels, comparison of the results of linear spectral unmixing and unsupervised classification with published geologic maps showed that the main lithologic units were mapped, but large areas with moderate to dense tree cover were not mapped in the TIR data. Compared to TIMS data, simulated ASTER data permitted slightly less discrimination in the mafic alkalic rock series, and carbonatite was not mapped in the TIMS nor in the simulated ASTER TIR data. In the nine visible and near-infrared channels, unsupervised classification did not yield useful results, but both the spectral linear unmixing and the matched filter techniques produced useful results, including mapping calcitic and dolomitic carbonatite exposures, travertine in hot spring deposits, kaolinite in argillized sandstone and tuff, and muscovite in sericitized granite and felsite, as well as commonly occurring illite/muscovite. However, the distinction made in AVIRIS data between calcite and dolomite was not consistently feasible in the simulated ASTER data. Comparison of the lithologie information produced by spectral analysis of the simulated ASTER data to a photogeologic interpretation of a simulated ASTER color image illustrates the high potential of spectral analysis of ASTER data to geologic interpretation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JD02118","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., 1998, Analysis of simulated advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer data of the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area for mapping lithologies: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 103, no. D24, p. 32291-32306, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD02118.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"32291","endPage":"32306","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd02118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"D24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb30e4b0c8380cd48c8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008000,"text":"1008000 - 1998 - Mechanism of smoke-induced seed germination in a post-fire chaparral annual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:55:41.30383","indexId":"1008000","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanism of smoke-induced seed germination in a post-fire chaparral annual","docAbstract":"<p><strong>1</strong>  Smoke-stimulated germination in the post-fire flora of California chaparral does not appear to be triggered by nitrate. Application of freshly prepared unbuffered KNO<sub><i>3</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solutions (pH<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>6.2) failed to enhance germination of five populations of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Emmenanthe penduliflora</i><span>&nbsp;</span>or one<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phacelia grandiflora</i><span>&nbsp;</span>population, regardless of light or stratification conditions.</p><p><strong>2</strong>  KNO<sub><i>3</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>buffered at acidic pH (or unbuffered solutions equilibrated with atmospheric CO<sub><i>2</i></sub>) did induce germination, but KNO<sub><i>3</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solutions at pH 7 failed to induce germination. Induction of germination is therefore not due to the nitrate ion<span>&nbsp;</span><i>per se</i>, but rather to high [H<sup>+</sup>], although buffered controls gave weak germination at low pH, suggesting a role for H<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>plus nitrate. However, other anions such as sulphate were equally as effective as nitrate at breaking dormancy.</p><p><strong>3  </strong>The germination response to KNO<sub><i>3</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was affected by the type of filter paper used and this may be linked to differences in pH.</p><p><strong>4  </strong>NO<sub><i>2</i></sub>, at concentrations present in biomass smoke, was highly effective at inducing germination, and other oxidizing agents also induced germination.</p><p><strong>5  </strong>Several growth regulators, including nitrite and gibberellin, were stimulatory only at acidic pH, but KCN was stimulatory across a broad pH range.</p><p><strong>6  </strong>Germination decreased at smoke exposures longer than a few minutes. Also, smoked water samples effective at breaking dormancy were acidic and were less effective when buffered to pH &gt;7.</p><p><strong>7</strong>  Physical scarification of the seed coat induced germination but the effect was not due to penetration of a water barrier, or to enhanced oxygen uptake or to wound responses such as CO<sub><i>2</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>or ethylene production.</p><p><strong>8  </strong>Different effects of the gibberellin inhibitor CCC (chlorocholine chloride) suggested that the mechanisms of scarification-induced and smoke-induced germination may differ.</p><p><strong>9  </strong>We conclude that either oxidizing gases in smoke and/or acids generated on burnt sites play a role in germination of post-fire annuals in chaparral.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00230.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Fotheringham, C.J., 1998, Mechanism of smoke-induced seed germination in a post-fire chaparral annual: Journal of Ecology, v. 86, p. 27-36, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00230.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489982,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00230.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130079,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020425,"text":"70020425 - 1998 - Use of 3H/3He Ages to evaluate and improve groundwater flow models in a complex buried-valley aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T09:46:33","indexId":"70020425","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Use of <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He Ages to evaluate and improve groundwater flow models in a complex buried-valley aquifer","title":"Use of 3H/3He Ages to evaluate and improve groundwater flow models in a complex buried-valley aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Combined use of the tritium/helium 3 (</span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He) dating technique and particle-tracking analysis can improve flow-model calibration. As shown at two sites in the Great Miami buried-valley aquifer in southwestern Ohio, the combined use of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He age dating and particle tracking led to a lower mean absolute error between measured heads and simulated heads than in the original calibrated models and/or between simulated travel times and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He ages. Apparent groundwater ages were obtained for water samples collected from 44 wells at two locations where previously constructed finite difference models of groundwater flow were available (Mound Plant and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB)). The two-layer Mound Plant model covers 11 km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>within the buried-valley aquifer. The WPAFB model has three layers and covers 262 km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>within the buried-valley aquifer and adjacent bedrock uplands. Sampled wells were chosen along flow paths determined from potentiometric maps or particle-tracking analyses. Water samples were collected at various depths within the aquifer. In the Mound Plant area, samples used for comparison of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He ages with simulated travel times were from wells completed in the uppermost model layer. Simulated travel times agreed well with<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He ages. The mean absolute error (MAE) was 3.5 years. Agreement in ages at WPAFB decreased with increasing depth in the system. The MAEs were 1.63, 17.2, and 255 years for model layers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Discrepancies between the simulated travel times and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He ages were assumed to be due to improper conceptualization or incorrect parameterization of the flow models. Selected conceptual and parameter modifications to the models resulted in improved agreement between<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He ages and simulated travel times and between measured and simulated heads and flows.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00007","usgsCitation":"Sheets, R., Bair, E.S., and Rowe, G.L., 1998, Use of 3H/3He Ages to evaluate and improve groundwater flow models in a complex buried-valley aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1077-1089, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1089","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Great Miami buried-valley aquifer","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe59e4b08c986b329546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, Rodney A. rasheets@usgs.gov","contributorId":1848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"Rodney A.","email":"rasheets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bair, E. Scott","contributorId":194772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bair","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":386182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020401,"text":"70020401 - 1998 - Chitin: 'Forgotten' source of nitrogen: From modern chitin to thermally mature kerogen: Lessons from nitrogen isotope ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-03T17:46:39.753127","indexId":"70020401","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":612,"text":"ACS Symposium Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chitin: 'Forgotten' source of nitrogen: From modern chitin to thermally mature kerogen: Lessons from nitrogen isotope ratios","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chitinous biomass represents a major pool of organic nitrogen in living biota and is likely to have contributed some of the fossil organic nitrogen in kerogen. We review the nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of chitin and present preliminary results suggesting interaction between kerogen and ammonium during thermal maturation. Modern arthropod chitin may shift its nitrogen isotope ratio by a few per mil depending on the chemical method of chitin preparation, mostly because N-containing non-amino-sugar components in chemically complex chitin cannot be removed quantitatively. Acid hydrolysis of chemically complex chitin and subsequent ion-chromatographic purification of the \"deacetylated chitin-monomer\" D-glucosamine (in hydrochloride form) provides a chemically well-defined, pure amino-sugar substrate for reproducible, high-precision determination of δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values in chitin. δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values of chitin exhibited a variability of about one per mil within an individual's exoskeleton. The nitrogen isotope ratio differed between old and new exoskeletons by up to 4 per mil. A strong dietary influence on the δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N value of chitin is indicated by the observation of increasing δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values of chitin from marine crustaceans with increasing trophic level. Partial biodegradation of exoskeletons does not significantly influence δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values of remaining, chemically preserved amino sugar in chitin. Diagenesis and increasing thermal maturity of sedimentary organic matter, including chitin-derived nitrogen-rich moieties, result in humic compounds much different from chitin and may significantly change bulk δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values. Hydrous pyrolysis of immature source rocks at 330°C in contact with&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N-enriched NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>Cl, under conditions of artificial oil generation, demonstrates the abiogenic incorporation of inorganic nitrogen into carbon-bound nitrogen in kerogen. Not all organic nitrogen in natural, thermally mature kerogen is therefore necessarily derived from original organic matter, but may partly result from reaction with ammonium-containing pore waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/bk-1998-0707.ch013","usgsCitation":"Schimmelmann, A., Wintsch, R., Lewan, M.D., and DeNiro, M.J., 1998, Chitin: 'Forgotten' source of nitrogen: From modern chitin to thermally mature kerogen: Lessons from nitrogen isotope ratios: ACS Symposium Series, v. 707, p. 226-242, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0707.ch013.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"707","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5bde4b0c8380cd4c3c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wintsch, R. P.","contributorId":104921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wintsch","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeNiro, M. J.","contributorId":64190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeNiro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020406,"text":"70020406 - 1998 - Annual cycle of magmatic CO2 in a tree-kill soil at Mammoth Mountain, California: Implications for soil acidification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T00:42:32.455097","indexId":"70020406","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual cycle of magmatic CO2 in a tree-kill soil at Mammoth Mountain, California: Implications for soil acidification","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15578623\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Time-series sensor data reveal significant short-term and seasonal variations of magmatic CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in soil over a 12 month period in 1995–1996 at the largest tree-kill site on Mammoth Mountain, central-eastern California. Short-term variations leading to ground-level soil CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations hazardous and lethal to humans were triggered by shallow faulting in the absence of increased seismicity or intrusion, consistent with tapping a reservoir of accumulated CO<sub>2</sub>, rather than direct magma degassing. Hydrologic processes closely modulated seasonal variations in CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations, which rose to 65%–100% in soil gas under winter snowpack and plunged more than 25% in just days as the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>dissolved in spring snowmelt. The high efflux of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>through the tree-kill soils acts as an open-system CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>buffer causing infiltration of waters with pH values commonly of &lt;4.2, acid loading of up to 7 keq<sub>H+</sub>ṁha<sup>−1</sup>ṁyr<sup>−1</sup>, mobilization of toxic Al<sup>3+</sup>, and long-term decline of soil fertility.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0463:ACOMCI>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"McGee, K., and Gerlach, T., 1998, Annual cycle of magmatic CO2 in a tree-kill soil at Mammoth Mountain, California: Implications for soil acidification: Geology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 463-466, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0463:ACOMCI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"466","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec25e4b0c8380cd490cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, K.A.","contributorId":6059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020163,"text":"70020163 - 1998 - Lanthanide-labeled clay: A new method for tracing sediment transport in Karst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T13:09:58.38065","indexId":"70020163","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lanthanide-labeled clay: A new method for tracing sediment transport in Karst","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Mobile sediment is a fundamental yet poorly characterized aspect of mass transport through karst aquifers. Here the development and field testing of an extremely sensitive particle tracer that may be used to characterize sediment transport in karst aquifers is described. The tracer consists of micron-size montmorillonite particles homoionized to the lanthanide form; after injection and retrieval from a ground water system, the lanthanide ions are chemically stripped from the clay and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The tracer meets the following desired criteria: low detection limit; a number of differentiable signatures; inexpensive production and quantification using standard methods; no environmental risks; and hydrodynamic properties similar to the in situ sediment it is designed to trace. The tracer was tested in laboratory batch experiments and field tested in both surface water and ground water systems. In surface water, arrival times of the tracer were similar to those of a conservative water tracer, although a significant amount of material was lost due to settling. Two tracer tests were undertaken in a karst aquifer under different flow conditions. Under normal flow conditions, the time of arrival and peak concentration of the tracer were similar to or preceded that of a conservative water tracer. Under low flow conditions, the particle tracer was not detected, suggesting that in low flow the sediment settles out of suspension and goes into storage.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02202.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Bennett, P., and Zimmerman, M., 1998, Lanthanide-labeled clay: A new method for tracing sediment transport in Karst: Groundwater, v. 36, no. 5, p. 835-843, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02202.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"843","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a446fe4b0c8380cd66ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, M.","contributorId":72541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021416,"text":"70021416 - 1998 - Rapid-estimation method for assessing scour at highway bridges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021416","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rapid-estimation method for assessing scour at highway bridges","docAbstract":"A method was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for rapid estimation of scour at highway bridges using limited site data and analytical procedures to estimate pier, abutment, and contraction scour depths. The basis for the method was a procedure recommended by the Federal Highway Administration for conducting detailed scour investigations, commonly referred to as the Level 2 method. Using pier, abutment, and contraction scour results obtained from Level 2 investigations at 122 sites in 10 States, envelope curves and graphical relations were developed that enable determination of scour-depth estimates at most bridge sites in a matter of a few hours. Rather than using complex hydraulic variables, surrogate variables more easily obtained in the field were related to calculated scour-depth data from Level 2 studies. The method was tested by having several experienced individuals apply the method in the field, and results were compared among the individuals and with previous detailed analyses performed for the sites. Results indicated that the variability in predicted scour depth among individuals applying the method generally was within an acceptable range, and that conservatively greater scour depths generally were obtained by the rapid-estimation method compared to the Level 2 method. The rapid-estimation method is considered most applicable for conducting limited-detail scour assessments and as a screening tool to determine those bridge sites that may require more detailed analysis. The method is designed to be applied only by a qualified professional possessing knowledge and experience in the fields of bridge scour, hydraulics, and flood hydrology, and having specific expertise with the Level 2 method.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 International Water Resources Engineering Conference. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Holnbeck, S.R., 1998, Rapid-estimation method for assessing scour at highway bridges, <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 1, Memphis, TN, USA, 3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998, p. 222-227.","startPage":"222","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9507e4b0c8380cd81776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":389796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007920,"text":"1007920 - 1998 - Sexual Segregation in sea otters and its role in range expansion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:22","indexId":"1007920","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3576,"text":"The Otter Raft","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual Segregation in sea otters and its role in range expansion","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Otter Raft","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jameson, R., 1998, Sexual Segregation in sea otters and its role in range expansion: The Otter Raft, v. 60, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"p. 6-8","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020422,"text":"70020422 - 1998 - Elemental contaminants in the livers and ingesta of four subpopulations of the American coot (Fulica americana): An herbivorous winter migrant in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-01T17:00:25.256255","indexId":"70020422","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Elemental contaminants in the livers and ingesta of four subpopulations of the American coot (<i>Fulica americana</i>): An herbivorous winter migrant in San Francisco Bay","title":"Elemental contaminants in the livers and ingesta of four subpopulations of the American coot (Fulica americana): An herbivorous winter migrant in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water birds with diets high in animal foods in the San Francisco Bay area are exposed to trace elements that are potentially health impairing. Water birds with herbivorous diets have been less thoroughly examined. The concentrations of trace elements in the livers and the esophageal contents of an herbivorous water bird, the American coot (</span><i>Fulica americana</i><span>) were measured to compare levels of contaminant exposure among different locations in the Bay system and with other water birds. A total of 39 coots were collected from four sites: Napa River and Mare Island Strait in the north, Berkeley in the middle, and Coyote Creek in the south. Livers of Berkeley samples differed significantly from those of Napa River and Mare Island Strait by their greater concentrations of As and B and lower concentrations of Cu, but they seemed to be within normal ranges for birds. Otherwise the concentrations of trace elements in the livers did not differ among sites. Ingesta samples from Berkeley differed from the other sites because they tended to be higher in Al, V, and Zn. In contrast to waterfowl, livers from the herbivorous coots in San Francisco Bay showed little exposure to Cd, Hg, Pb, or Se. Coot ingesta showed few samples with measurable levels of Cd, Hg, or Se and had low levels of Pb. The herbivorous diet of coots may shield them from exposure to such elements. However, high levels of V were present in coot livers and ingesta from all four sites, suggesting adaptation to this toxic element.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00060-8","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1998, Elemental contaminants in the livers and ingesta of four subpopulations of the American coot (Fulica americana): An herbivorous winter migrant in San Francisco Bay: Environmental Pollution, v. 101, no. 3, p. 321-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00060-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.72792323440832,\n              38.2394239522493\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72792323440832,\n              37.378471542359534\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78543329260194,\n              37.378471542359534\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78543329260194,\n              38.2394239522493\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72792323440832,\n              38.2394239522493\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08bde4b0c8380cd51c57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, C. A.","contributorId":79824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}