No abstract available.
Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93889","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Sondreal, M.L., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., Nenneman, M., and Euliss, B., 1998, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Baird's Sparrow (Originally posted 1998; Revised 2002), 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93889.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93889.PNG"},{"id":312397,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93889/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Originally posted 1998; Revised 2002","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sondreal, Marriah L.","contributorId":73532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sondreal","given":"Marriah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nenneman, Melvin P.","contributorId":60572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nenneman","given":"Melvin P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70020589,"text":"70020589 - 1998 - Using safety inspection data to estimate shaking intensity for the 1994 Northridge earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:04:35.927147","indexId":"70020589","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using safety inspection data to estimate shaking intensity for the 1994 Northridge earthquake","docAbstract":"We map the shaking intensity suffered in Los Angeles County during the 17 January 1994, Northridge earthquake using municipal safety inspection data. The intensity is estimated from the number of buildings given red, yellow, or green tags, aggregated by census tract. Census tracts contain from 200 to 4000 residential buildings and have an average area of 6 km2 but are as small as 2 and 1 km2 in the most densely populated areas of the San Fernando Valley and downtown Los Angeles, respectively. In comparison, the zip code areas on which standard MMI intensity estimates are based are six times larger, on average, than the census tracts. We group the buildings by age (before and after 1940 and 1976), by number of housing units (one, two to four, and five or more), and by construction type, and we normalize the tags by the total number of similar buildings in each census tract. We analyze the seven most abundant building categories. The fragilities (the fraction of buildings in each category tagged within each intensity level) for these seven building categories are adjusted so that the intensity estimates agree. We calibrate the shaking intensity to correspond with the modified Mercalli intensities (MMI) estimated and compiled by Dewey et al. (1995); the shapes of the resulting isoseismals are similar, although we underestimate the extent of the MMI = 6 and 7 areas. The fragility varies significantly between different building categories (by factors of 10 to 20) and building ages (by factors of 2 to 6). The post-1940 wood-frame multi-family (≧5 units) dwellings make up the most fragile building category, and the post-1940 woodframe single-family dwellings make up the most resistant building category.
The long-term behavior of a narrow band peak near 26 sec in the microseismic background of the Earth has been studied over many years at several sites. The amplitude of this peak has been determined to be a function of the Earth's weather seasons; it is larger during the southern hemisphere winter. In addition, the microseismic background between 20 and 40 sec has been scanned for peaks in the spectra; three more lower-level peaks have been identified with the possible presence of more.
We investigate the reflection properties of upper-mantle discontinuities beneath southern Africa using precursors to the df branch of PKPPKP (P′ P′). The P′ P′df branch is weaker than the ab and bc branches, but it does not have the complication of a caustic and appears across a wider distance range. Stacks from hundreds of short-period seismograms recorded in California from the March 9, 1994 Tonga earthquake (Mw = 7.6) show an ∼5% reflection (at 3.5 s dominate period) from 660-km depth indicating a sharp “660” under southern Africa. A 3.5 s period reflection from 410-km depth is also visible in these stacks, but only ∼2% the strength of P′ P′df. This result contrasts with the observation of the “410” and the “660” reflecting comparable amounts of high-frequency energy under the Indian Ocean [Benz and Vidale, 1993a], indicating either a diffuse “410” boundary under southern Africa or global variations in the impedance change across the “410”. A 1.5 s period reflection may indicate the existence of fine-scale heterogeneity near 320-km depth. Reflectivity synthetic seismograms also show that a previously claimed reflection from 785-km depth has the more likely explanation as PcPPKP.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/98GL00122","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Xu, F., Vidale, J.E., Earle, P.S., and Benz, H.M., 1998, Mantle discontinuities under southern Africa from precursors to P′ P′df: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, no. 4, p. 571-574, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL00122.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"574","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98gl00122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cd2e4b0c8380cd69f05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Fei","contributorId":13007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Fei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidale, John E.","contributorId":48850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. pearle@usgs.gov","contributorId":840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020553,"text":"70020553 - 1998 - Faulting apparently related to the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake and possible co-seismic origin of surface cracks in Potrero Canyon, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:10:29.322314","indexId":"70020553","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Faulting apparently related to the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake and possible co-seismic origin of surface cracks in Potrero Canyon, Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"Apparent southward-dipping, reverse-fault zones are imaged to depths of about 1.5 km beneath Potrero Canyon, Los Angeles County, California. Based on their orientation and projection to the surface, we suggest that the imaged fault zones are extensions of the Oak Ridge fault. Geologic mapping by others and correlations with seismicity studies suggest that the Oak Ridge fault is the causative fault of the 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake (Northridge fault). Our seismically imaged faults may be among several faults that collectively comprise the Northridge thrust fault system. Unusually strong shaking in Potrero Canyon during the Northridge earthquake may have resulted from focusing of seismic energy or co-seismic movement along existing, related shallow-depth faults. The strong shaking produced ground-surface cracks and sand blows distributed along the length of the canyon. Seismic reflection and refraction images show that shallow-depth faults may underlie some of the observed surface cracks. The relationship between observed surface cracks and imaged faults indicates that some of the surface cracks may have developed from nontectonic alluvial movement, but others may be fault related. Immediately beneath the surface cracks, P-wave velocities are unusually low (<400 m/sec), and there are velocity anomalies consistent with a seismic reflection image of shallow faulting to depths of at least 100 m. On the basis of velocity data, we suggest that unconsolidated soils (<800 m/sec) extend to depths of about 15 to 20 m beneath our datum (<25 m below ground surface). The underlying rocks range in velocity from about 1000 to 5000 m/sec in the upper 100 m. This study illustrates the utility of high-resolution seismic imaging in assessing local and regional seismic hazards.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0880061379","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Lee, W., Rymer, M.J., and Ponti, D., 1998, Faulting apparently related to the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake and possible co-seismic origin of surface cracks in Potrero Canyon, Los Angeles County, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 88, no. 6, p. 1379-1391, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880061379.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1379","endPage":"1391","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.67019653320312,\n 34.02990029603907\n ],\n [\n -118.35983276367188,\n 33.63977590432367\n ],\n [\n -117.49191284179688,\n 33.755173286674825\n ],\n [\n -117.27630615234374,\n 34.23564771187119\n ],\n [\n -117.90664672851562,\n 34.25835148655731\n ],\n [\n -118.47244262695312,\n 34.25835148655731\n ],\n [\n -118.67019653320312,\n 34.02990029603907\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f23e4b0c8380cd537bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ponti, D.J.","contributorId":94326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020748,"text":"70020748 - 1998 - Reductive dissolution and reactive solute transport in a sewage-contaminated glacial outwash aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:16:50","indexId":"70020748","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reductive dissolution and reactive solute transport in a sewage-contaminated glacial outwash aquifer","docAbstract":"Contamination of shallow ground water by sewage effluent typically contains reduced chemical species that consume dissolved oxygen, developing either a low oxygen geochemical environment or an anaerobic geochemical environment. Based on the load of reduced chemical species discharged to shallow ground water and the amounts of reactants in the aquifer matrix, it should be possible to determine chemical processes in the aquifer and compare observed results to predicted ones. At the Otis Air Base research site (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) where sewage effluent has infiltrated the shallow aquifer since 1936, bacterially mediated processes such as nitrification, denitrification, manganese reduction, and iron reduction have been observed in the contaminant plume. In specific areas of the plume, dissolved manganese and iron have increased significantly where local geochemical conditions are favorable for reduction and transport of these constituents from the aquifer matrix. Dissolved manganese and iron concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 7.3 mg/L, and 0.001 to 13.0 mg/L, respectively, for 21 samples collected from 1988 to 1989. Reduction of manganese and iron is linked to microbial oxidation of sewage carbon, producing bicarbonate and the dissolved metal ions as by-products. Calculated production and flux of CO2 through the unsaturated zone from manganese reduction in the aquifer was 0.035 g/m2/d (12% of measured CO2 flux during winter). Manganese is limited in the aquifer, however. A one-dimensional, reaction-coupled transport model developed for the mildly reducing conditions in the sewage plume nearest the source beds showed that reduction, transport, and removal of manganese from the aquifer sediments should result in iron reduction where manganese has been depleted.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02832.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., and Bennett, P., 1998, Reductive dissolution and reactive solute transport in a sewage-contaminated glacial outwash aquifer: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 4, p. 583-595, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02832.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"595","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3e9e4b0e8fec6cdba1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185245,"text":"70185245 - 1998 - Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T15:40:25","indexId":"70185245","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"We classified levels of direct response of brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) to aircraft, watercraft, and groups of people on the O'Malley River area of Kodiak Island, Alaska. General public use occurred on the area in 1991 and 1993, whereas structured bear viewing programs used the area in 1992 and 1994. Brown bears displayed high (running) or moderate (walking away) response on 18 (48%) occasions when fixed-wing aircraft flew over the animals <100 m above ground. Three of 4 helicopter flights <200 m overhead and 9 interactions with watercraft at ≤200 m distance also elicited strong response. Encounters between people and bears resulted in strong responses from bears more frequently (37%, n = 134) during years of general public use than in years of structured bear viewing (6%, n = 72, P < 0.0001). We suggest that higher levels of low or neutral response by bears to encounters with guided bear viewing groups was the result of consistent and predictable patterns of human activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Wilker, G.A., and Barnes, V.G., 1998, Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska: Ursus, v. 10, p. 557-561.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"561","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol9_20","text":"Volume 10 on Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island, O'Malley River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.05921936035156,\n 57.24924472842805\n ],\n [\n -153.9459228515625,\n 57.24924472842805\n ],\n [\n -153.9459228515625,\n 57.30557149205643\n ],\n [\n -154.05921936035156,\n 57.30557149205643\n ],\n [\n -154.05921936035156,\n 57.24924472842805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","publicComments":"This volume is titled \"A selection of papers from the Tenth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 1995, and Mora, Sweden, September 1995.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba425e4b0849ce97dc7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilker, Gregory A.","contributorId":89811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Victor G. Jr.","contributorId":95113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Victor","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35655,"text":"Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Westcliffe, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014933,"text":"1014933 - 1998 - Effect of water acceleration on downstream migratory behavior and passage of Atlantic salmon smolts and juvenile American shad at surface bypasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-20T16:36:15.666542","indexId":"1014933","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of water acceleration on downstream migratory behavior and passage of Atlantic salmon smolts and juvenile American shad at surface bypasses","docAbstract":"Behavior and passage rate of smolts of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and juvenile American shad Alosa sapidissima were compared between a standard (sharp‐crested) and a modified surface bypass weir that employs uniform flow velocity increase (1 m·s−1·m−1 of linear distance). Within the first 30 min after release, significantly more smolts passed the modified weir than the standard weir, but no differences in passage rate between weir types were noted for juvenile American shad. More Atlantic salmon smolts and juvenile American shad were passed by the modified weir in groups of two or more than were passed by the standard weir. Mean lengths of passed and nonpassed smolts were not significantly different between weir types, but American shad passed by the sharp‐crested weir were significantly smaller than nonpassed fish. Most individuals of both species that passed the modified weir maintained positive rheotaxis and strong swimming throughout the length of the weir. In addition to acceleration, visual cues may be an important factor in avoidance behaviors near bypass entrances. The observed reduction of delay time before passage and maintenance of school integrity may facilitate appropriate timing of emigration and enhance passage survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0118:EOWAOD>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haro, A., Odeh, M., Noreika, J., and Castro-Santos, T., 1998, Effect of water acceleration on downstream migratory behavior and passage of Atlantic salmon smolts and juvenile American shad at surface bypasses: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 1, p. 118-127, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0118:EOWAOD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noreika, J.","contributorId":51249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Castro-Santos, T. 0000-0003-2575-9120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":12416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014846,"text":"1014846 - 1998 - Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T21:14:17.436145","indexId":"1014846","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish","docAbstract":"Variation in advection or other physical forces may accelerate or delay arrival of young marine fishes into productive nearshore habitats, thereby affecting the length of the available growing season. The bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix is an oceanic spawner whose juvenile stages, upon entry into estuarine waters, become piscivorous and thereby experience greatly increased growth. Size attained during the growing season may therefore be determined by time of arrival into estuarine habitats. We exposed bluefish recently recruited to an estuary to three diet shift treatments in which test fish were fed adult brine shrimp Artemia sp. for 0, 10, or 20 d before they were switched to piscine prey. Bluefish that had a delayed onset of piscivory were smaller after 40 d of growth, indicating that they did not fully compensate for prior periods of slow growth. These bluefish did exhibit immediate moderate growth compensation (about 6% over 10 d) resulting from increased consumption rates, but relatively low growth efficiencies prevented full recovery of their growth losses. Low growth efficiencies may have resulted from an induced developmental handicap or an energetic penalty for prolonged feeding on an Artemia diet. The timing of age-0 bluefish recruitment into estuarine environments can have a lasting influence on size attained during the first growing season.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0576:EOADOO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Buckel, J., Letcher, B., and Conover, D., 1998, Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 4, p. 576-587, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0576:EOADOO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"576","endPage":"587","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624fe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckel, J.A.","contributorId":24732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckel","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conover, D.O.","contributorId":52925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conover","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020794,"text":"70020794 - 1998 - Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:48:01.300754","indexId":"70020794","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene","docAbstract":"Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride and [1,2-14C]dichloroethene to 14CO2under humic acid-reducing conditions was demonstrated. The results indicate that waterborne contaminants can be oxidized by using humic acid compounds as electron acceptors and suggest that natural aquatic systems have a much larger capacity for contaminant oxidation than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.8.3102-3105.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Lovley, D.R., 1998, Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 3102-3105, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.8.3102-3105.1998.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3102","endPage":"3105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.3102-3105.1998","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3289e4b0c8380cd5e8aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020236,"text":"70020236 - 1998 - Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T16:03:25.899942","indexId":"70020236","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife","docAbstract":"An expert meeting was organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Stockholm on 15-18 June 1997. The objective of this meeting was to derive consensus toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for both human, fish, and wildlife risk assessment. Based on existing literature data, TEFs were (re)evaluated and either revised (mammals) or established (fish and birds). A few mammalian WHO-TEFs were revised, including 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DF, and PCB 77. These mammalian TEFs are also considered applicable for humans and wild mammalian species. Furthermore, it was concluded that there was insufficient in vivo evidence to continue the use of TEFs for some di-ortho PCBs, as suggested earlier by Ahlborg et al. [Chemosphere 28:1049-1067 (1994)]. In addition, TEFs for fish and birds were determined. The WHO working group attempted to harmonize TEFs across different taxa to the extent possible. However, total synchronization of TEFs was not feasible, as there were orders of a magnitude difference in TEFs between taxa for some compounds. In this respect, the absent or very low response of fish to mono-ortho PCBs is most noticeable compared to mammals and birds. Uncertainties that could compromise the TEF concept were also reviewed, including nonadditive interactions, differences in shape of the dose-response curve, and species responsiveness. In spite of these uncertainties, it was concluded that the TEF concept is still the most plausible and feasible approach for risk assessment of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with dioxinlike properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.98106775","usgsCitation":"Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L., Bosveld, A.T., Brunstrom, B., Cook, P., Feeley, M., Giesy, J., Hanberg, A., Hasegawa, R., Kennedy, S.W., Kubiak, T., Larsen, J.C., Van Leeuwen, F.X., Liem, A.K., Nolt, C., Peterson, R.E., Poellinger, L., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tillitt, D.E., Tysklind, M., Younes, M., Waern, F., and Zacharewski, T., 1998, Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 106, no. 12, p. 775-792, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106775.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"792","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106775","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5cbe4b08c986b3268e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van den Berg, M.","contributorId":101415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van den Berg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birnbaum, L.","contributorId":55177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birnbaum","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bosveld, A. T. C.","contributorId":56829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosveld","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brunstrom, B.","contributorId":31150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunstrom","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, P.","contributorId":29602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Feeley, M.","contributorId":77697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanberg, A.","contributorId":51946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanberg","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hasegawa, R.","contributorId":85357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasegawa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kennedy, S. W.","contributorId":14148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kubiak, T.","contributorId":22937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Larsen, J. C.","contributorId":46257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Van Leeuwen, F. X. R.","contributorId":72560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Leeuwen","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"X. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Liem, A. K. D.","contributorId":106284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liem","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Nolt, C.","contributorId":71726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolt","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Peterson, R. E.","contributorId":38682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Poellinger, L.","contributorId":85358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poellinger","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Safe, S.","contributorId":107061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safe","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Schrenk, D.","contributorId":69747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrenk","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Tysklind, M.","contributorId":17010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysklind","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Younes, M.","contributorId":81274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Younes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Waern, F.","contributorId":104665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waern","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Zacharewski, T.","contributorId":31939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zacharewski","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}} ,{"id":70187530,"text":"70187530 - 1998 - Ecological, morphological, genetic and life history characteristics of two sockeye salmon populations, Tustumena Lake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T13:23:03","indexId":"70187530","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Ecological, morphological, genetic and life history characteristics of two sockeye salmon populations, Tustumena Lake, Alaska","docAbstract":"Populations can differ in both phenotypic and molecular genetic traits. Phenotypic differences likely result from differential selection pressures in the environment, whereas differences in neutral molecular markers result from genetic drift associated with some degree of reproductive isolation. Two sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, populations were compared using both phenotypic and genotypic characters, and causal factors were examined. Salmon spawning in a short (<3 km), shallow (<21 cm), clear, homogenous spring-fed study site spawned later, were younger, smaller, and produced fewer and smaller eggs than salmon spawning in a longer (∼80 km), deeper, stained, diverse, precipitation-dominated stream. Run timing differences were associated with differences in stream thermal regimes. Age and size at maturity differences are likely due to differences in age-specific mortality rates. Fish in the shallow spring-fed system suffered higher adult predation rates and exhibited greater egg to fry survival compared to fish in the precipitation-fed system. Salmon in both streams exhibited non-random nest site selection for deeper habitats and smaller substrates (≥2 to <64 mm mean diameter) relative to available habitat; fish from the precipitation system avoided low velocity habitats containing fine (<2 mm) substrates. Genetic comparisons of six microsatellite loci indicated that run time was a more effective reproductive isolating mechanism than geographical distance. Differences between and within the tributary spawning populations are discussed in terms of selection, genetic drift, and the homogenizing effects of gene flow. This study indicates important adaptive differences may exist between proximate spawning groups of salmon which should be considered when characterizing populations for conservation or management purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Washington","usgsCitation":"Woody, C.A., 1998, Ecological, morphological, genetic and life history characteristics of two sockeye salmon populations, Tustumena Lake, Alaska, vii, 117 p.","productDescription":"vii, 117 p.","numberOfPages":"134","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/5398?show=full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tustumena Lake","publicComments":"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Washington.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59103226e4b0e541a03a857c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020805,"text":"70020805 - 1998 - Diel movement of brown trout in a southern Appalachian River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T21:26:44.226823","indexId":"70020805","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel movement of brown trout in a southern Appalachian River","docAbstract":"Radio telemetry was used to monitor the diel movement of 22 brown trout Salmo trutta (268–446 mm in total length, TL) in the Chattooga River watershed. Forty-seven diel tracks, locating individuals once per hour for 24 consecutive hours, were collected for four consecutive seasons. High variability in movement both within and among individual brown trout resulted in similar seasonal means in total distance moved, diel range, and displacement. The majority of fish moved a total distance of less than 80 m within a diel range of less than 80 m and had a displacement of less than 10 m. Brown trout were more likely to occur in pool habitat independent of season or period of the day. Hourly movement patterns differed among seasons. During the winter and fall, trout moved only around sunrise; during the spring, they moved around sunrise, sunset, and intermittently throughout the night. Large brown trout (>375 mm, TL) were found to move greater total distances and establish wider diel ranges than small brown trout. Overall, most brown trout exhibited restricted diel movement within a single riffle–pool or run–pool sequence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0630:DMOBTI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Isely, J.J., Burrell, K., and Van Lear, D.H., 1998, Diel movement of brown trout in a southern Appalachian River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 4, p. 630-636, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0630:DMOBTI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"636","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Chattooga River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.93168862842471,\n 35.27778625961855\n ],\n [\n -83.36276394119442,\n 34.473157863190565\n ],\n [\n -82.96398193513524,\n 34.40207994498216\n ],\n [\n -82.61910261415728,\n 35.25133934081943\n ],\n [\n -82.93168862842471,\n 35.27778625961855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00c2e4b0c8380cd4f8e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B. Jr.","contributorId":28766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burrell, K.H.","contributorId":94064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrell","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Lear, D. H.","contributorId":105873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Lear","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020544,"text":"70020544 - 1998 - The clementine bistatic radar experiment: Evidence for ice on the moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T14:50:08.579648","indexId":"70020544","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3424,"text":"Solar System Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The clementine bistatic radar experiment: Evidence for ice on the moon","docAbstract":"Ice deposits, derived from comets and water-bearing meteorites hitting the Moon over geological times, have long been postulated to exist in dark areas near the poles of the Moon. The characteristics of radio waves beamed from the Clementine spacecraft into the polar areas, reflected from the Moon's surface, and received on the large dish antennas of the Deep Space Network here on Earth show that roughly the volume of a small lake (0.9-1.8 km3) of water ice makes up part of the Moon's surface layer near the south pole. The discovery of ice near the lunar south pole has important ramifications for a permanent return to the Moon. These deposits could be used to manufacture rocket propellant and to support human life on the Moon.
","language":"English","publisher":"MAHK Hayka/Interperiodica Publishing","issn":"00380946","usgsCitation":"Spudis, P.D., Nozette, S., Lichtenberg, C., Bonner, R., Ort, W., Malaret, E., Robinson, M., and Shoemaker, E., 1998, The clementine bistatic radar experiment: Evidence for ice on the moon: Solar System Research, v. 32, no. 1, p. 17-22.","startPage":"17","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa38e4b08c986b322771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudis, P. D.","contributorId":58719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nozette, Stewart","contributorId":43120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nozette","given":"Stewart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lichtenberg, C.","contributorId":26844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichtenberg","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonner, R.","contributorId":99319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ort, W.","contributorId":104649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ort","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malaret, E.","contributorId":84487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malaret","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, M.","contributorId":50272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shoemaker, E.","contributorId":65989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185696,"text":"70185696 - 1998 - Feldspars as a source of nutrients for microorganisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T07:38:37","indexId":"70185696","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feldspars as a source of nutrients for microorganisms","docAbstract":"Phosphorus and nitrogen are essential macronutrients necessary for the survival of virtually all living organisms. In groundwater systems, these nutrients can be quite scarce and can represent limiting elements for growth of subsurface microorganisms. In this study we examined silicate sources of these elements by characterizing the colonization and weathering of feldspars in situ using field microcosms. We found that in carbon-rich anoxic groundwaters where P and N are scarce, feldspars that contain inclusions of P-minerals such as apatite are preferentially colonized over similar feldspars without P. A microcline from S. Dakota, which contains 0.24% P2O5 but ,1 mmol/ g NH , was heavily colonized 1 4 and deeply weathered. A similar microcline from Ontario, which has no detectable P or NH , was barren of attached organisms and completely unweathered after one year. An- 1 4 orthoclase (0.28% P2O5, ;1 mmol/g NH ) was very heavily colonized and weathered, 1 4 whereas plagioclase specimens (,0.01% P, ,1 mmmol/g NH ) were uncolonized and 1 4 unweathered. In addition, the observed weathering rates are faster than expected based on laboratory rates. We propose that this system is particularly sensitive to the availability of P, and the native subsurface microorganisms have developed biochemical strategies to aggressively scavenge P (or some other essential nutrient such as Fe31 ) from resistant feldspars. The result of this interaction is that only minerals containing P will be signifi- cantly colonized, and these feldspars will be preferentially destroyed, as the subsurface microbial community scavenges a limiting nutrient.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld ","doi":"10.2138/am-1998-11-1241","usgsCitation":"Rogers, J., Bennett, P., and Choi, W., 1998, Feldspars as a source of nutrients for microorganisms: American Mineralogist, v. 83, p. 1532-1540, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1998-11-1241.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1532","endPage":"1540","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253be4b0543bf7fda86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, J.R.","contributorId":189897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choi, W.J.","contributorId":189896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194233,"text":"70194233 - 1998 - Book Review: Preserving nature in the national parks - A history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T09:38:06","indexId":"70194233","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book Review: Preserving nature in the national parks - A history","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado State University","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Walko, R.L., Band, L., Baron, J., Kittel, T.G., Lammers, R., Lee, T.J., Pielke, R., Taylor, C., Tague, C., Tremback, C., and Vidale, P., 1998, Coupled atmosphere-terrestrial ecosystem-hydrology models for environmental modeling, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc4de4b03fd6b7d94c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walko, R. L.","contributorId":25521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walko","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Band, L.E.","contributorId":70342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Band","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kittel, Timothy G.F.","contributorId":66612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lammers, R.","contributorId":46904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lammers","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, T. J.","contributorId":26234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, C.","contributorId":73958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tague, C.","contributorId":13579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tague","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tremback, C.J.","contributorId":52530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tremback","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vidale, P.L.","contributorId":35690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70194238,"text":"70194238 - 1998 - Review of 'The golden eagle' by Jeff Watson","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T15:59:58","indexId":"70194238","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of 'The golden eagle' by Jeff Watson","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Records of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) deaths are currently used by managers to indicate trends in actual grizzly bear mortality and to judge the effectiveness of management. Two assumptions underlie these current uses: first, that recorded mortality is an unbiased indicator of actual mortality, and second, that changes in mortality after implementation of management strategies are sufficient grounds to infer the effects of management. I examined the defensibility of these 2 assumptions relative to alternate explanations, circumstantial evidence, and the potential costs of error. The potentially complex relation between actual and recorded mortality, as currently tallied and used, was reason to expect that the association between these 2 values would be weak. This expectation was supported by the prevalence (60-76%) of radio-marked bears among recorded deaths, the variation in apparent likelihood of documentation among causes of death, and variation in the prevalence of different causes over time. For these reasons, recorded mortality is likely to be an unreliable indicator of actual mortality. Use of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds by grizzly bears had a major effect on annual variation in recorded mortality. Low numbers of recorded deaths, 1984-92, were attributable to relatively frequent large whitebark pine seed crops. There was little or no residual trend potentially ascribed to management intervention during 1976-92. Management intervention was probably responsible for observed changes in recorded causes of death and stabilized recorded mortality over the period covered by this analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D.J., 1998, Changes in mortality of Yellowstone's grizzly bears: Ursus, v. 10, p. 129-138.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3873119"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","volume":"10","publicComments":"Part of a Special Issue: A Selection of Papers from the Tenth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 1995, and Mora, Sweden, September 1995","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612736e4b06e28e9c25cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162640,"text":"70162640 - 1998 - Opinions and other actions of the International commission involving fishes: Appendix B","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T11:11:35","indexId":"70162640","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Opinions and other actions of the International commission involving fishes: Appendix B","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, W.N., Weibrecht, W.F., and Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1998, Opinions and other actions of the International commission involving fishes: Appendix B, p. 2883-2905.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"2883","endPage":"2905","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-print-version"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49cfe4b07ca61bfea5aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eschmeyer, W. N.","contributorId":152643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eschmeyer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weibrecht, W. F.","contributorId":152644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weibrecht","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, William F.","contributorId":152526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015914,"text":"1015914 - 1998 - Avian movements and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T12:05:30.089496","indexId":"1015914","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian movements and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation","docAbstract":"The current conservation crisis calls for research and management to be carried out on a long-term, multi-species basis at large spatial scales. Unfortunately, scientists, managers, and agencies often are stymied in their effort to conduct these large-scale studies because of a lack of appropriate technology, methodology, and funding. This issue is of particular concern in wetland conservation, for which the standard landscape approach may include consideration of a large tract of land but fail to incorporate the suite of wetland sites frequently used by highly mobile organisms such as waterbirds (e.g., shorebirds, wading birds, waterfowl). Typically, these species have population dynamics that require use of multiple wetlands, but this aspect of their life history has often been ignored in planning for their conservation. We outline theoretical, empirical, modeling, and planning problems associated with this issue and suggest solutions to some current obstacles. These solutions represent a tradeoff between typical in-depth single-species studies and more generic multi-species studies. They include studying within- and among-season movements of waterbirds on a spatial scale appropriate to both widely dispersing and more stationary species; multi-species censuses at multiple sites; further development and use of technology such as satellite transmitters and population-specific molecular markers; development of spatially explicit population models that consider within-season movements of waterbirds; and recognition from funding agencies that landscape-level issues cannot adequately be addressed without support for these types of studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97102.x","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Mehlman, D., and Oring, L., 1998, Avian movements and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 749-758, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97102.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"758","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mehlman, D.W.","contributorId":9626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oring, L.W.","contributorId":46451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015913,"text":"1015913 - 1998 - A comparison of small-mammal communities in a desert riparian floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:00:04","indexId":"1015913","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of small-mammal communities in a desert riparian floodplain","docAbstract":"We compared small-mammal communities between inactive floodplain and actively flooded terraces of riparian habitat in the Verde Valley of central Arizona. We used species diversity, abundance, weight of adult males, number of juveniles, number of reproductively active individuals, longevity, residency status, and patterns of microhabitat use to compare the two communities. Although abundances of small mammals tended to be higher in the active floodplain, species diversity was greater in the inactive floodplain. Results were inconsistent with our initial prediction that actively flooded riparian habitat acts as a species source, whereas inactive floodplain acts as a sink or dispersal site for small mammals. Within each habitat type, we found evidence of significant microhabitat separation among the three most abundant small-mammal species (Peromyscus boylii, P. eremicus, and Neotoma albigula). Percent cover by annual and perennial grasses and shrubs, substrate, and frequency of shrubs, trees, and debris were significant determinants of small-mammal distribution within a habitat type. We found that the three most abundant species selected a nonrandom subset of available habitat. Nonrandom use of habitat and microhabitat separation were the two most important mechanisms structuring small-mammal communities in riparian habitat of central Arizona.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., and van Riper, C., 1998, A comparison of small-mammal communities in a desert riparian floodplain: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 79, no. 3, p. 972-985.","productDescription":"p. 972-985","startPage":"972","endPage":"985","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}