The Smoky Madtom Noturus baileyi is a federally endangered species, whose native distribution includes lower Abrams Creek in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) and Citico Creek in nearby Cherokee National Forest. Due to challenges for bio-monitoring posed by its nocturnality and cryptic life history, an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detection would be useful to complement existing electrofishing and seining efforts to better understand the distribution of this species. We developed a probe-based droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to detect Smoky Madtoms from non-invasively collected water samples. The assay was specific to N. baileyi and did not amplify concentrated genomic DNA of 16 co-occurring or regional fish species, including the yellowfin madtom N. flavipinnis and stonecat N. flavus. The assay limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 4.18 copies (95% CI: 3.95, 4.41). Several 2 L water samples collected from throughout various streams in GRSM in 2016 and 2017 were tested for the presence of N. baileyi using the ddPCR assay. N. baileyi was detected at two different sites in 2016 and 2017 within Abrams Creek previously known to contain N. baileyi, but no novel detections in other sampled streams were observed. This assay should prove useful for continued surveys of N. baileyi in GRSM.
Biodiversity conservation efforts have been criticized for generating inequitable socio-economic outcomes. These equity challenges are largely analyzed as place-based problems affecting local communities directly impacted by conservation programs. The conservation of migratory species extends this problem geographically since people in one place may benefit while those in another bear the costs of conservation. The spatial subsidies approach offers an effective tool for analyzing such relationships between places connected by migratory species. Designed to quantify ecosystem services provided and received in specific locations across a migratory species’ range—and the disparities between them—the spatial subsidies approach highlights three axes of inequity: between indigenous and settler colonial societies, between urban and rural populations, and between the Global North and Global South. Recognizing these relationships is critical to achieving two mutually reinforcing policy goals: avoiding inequitable conservation outcomes in efforts to conserve migratory species, and ensuring effective long-term conservation of migratory species. In demonstrating how the spatial subsidies approach enables the identification and quantification of inequities involving three migratory species (northern pintail ducks, monarch butterflies, and Mexican free-tailed bats), we argue that a spatial subsidies approach could apply to migratory species conservation efforts worldwide under the context of “payments for ecosystem services.”
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates an extensive nationwide network of stream, rain, and groundwater gages. These instruments are used to monitor how much water there is across the Nation at any given moment. Stream data are collected at streamgages every 15 minutes, transmitted to USGS servers, and updated online in real time. To improve awareness of current water conditions and possible flooding, stream data are combined with rain data collected at nearby USGS rain gages. The National Weather Service uses the USGS stream and rain data to forecast when flooding might occur and issue flood warnings.
","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Weather Service","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., 2022, How USGS gages are used in flood forecasting: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3076, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223076. [In English and Spanish.]","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-143721","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3076/fs20223076.pdf","size":"422 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"fs 2022-3076"},{"id":406457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3076/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 12.9 billion barrels of oil and 684.3 trillion cubic feet of gas in the West Siberian Basin Province of Russia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223047","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Ellis, G.S., Woodall, C.A., Le, P.A., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Drake, R.M., II, 2022, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the West Siberian Basin Province, Russia, 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022−3047, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223047.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129429","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3047/fs20223047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022-3047"},{"id":406336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3047/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":406338,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PGOVUB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project-West Siberian Basin Province of Russia: Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"}],"country":"Russia","state":"Siberia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 48,\n 54\n ],\n [\n 102,\n 54\n ],\n [\n 102,\n 74\n ],\n [\n 48,\n 74\n ],\n [\n 48,\n 54\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Little is known about water movement, volume, or residence time (RT), and how those characteristics affect sediment trapping efficiency (TE) and dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) in the United States' largest remaining bottomland hardwood swamp, the Atchafalaya River Basin. To better understand these dynamics, this study used bathymetry, lidar, and stage records to determine volumes in the Basin's hydrologically distinct water management units (WMUs). Discharge measurements determined flow distribution and RT. Residence time was compared with DO to identify conditions that coincided with DO increases or decreases. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were used to determine TE relative to calculated and measured discharge and RT. Discharge through units (85–2,200 m3/s) and RT (0.37–231 d) depended on connectivity and river stage. At high stages, with water temperatures >20°C, DO in the largest WMU declined by −0.21 mg/l/day. DO trends indicated less well-connected areas of the WMU contributed hypoxic waters as the flood wave lengthened and stages fell. In the two WMUs examined for TE, TE (−266% to 99% and up to 38 Gg/day) correlated with hydrologic connectivity, SSC, RT, water volume, and, in one WMU, discharge losses. Long RT and high TE indicated a high potential to process nutrients. These relationships varied among WMUs. Large volumes of sediment-laden water moving over the floodplain combined with long RT, high TE, and hypoxia indicate that this ecosystem has continental-scale importance in reducing nutrient loads to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Reports from other systems suggest similar processes may be operating on other large river floodplains globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2021WR030731","usgsCitation":"Kroes, D., Day, R., Kaller, M.D., Demas, C.R., Kelso, W.E., Pasco, T., Harlan, R., and Roberts, S., 2022, Hydrologic connectivity and residence time affect the sediment trapping efficiency and dissolved oxygen concentrations of the Atchafalaya River Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 58, no. 11, e2021WR030731, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030731.","productDescription":"e2021WR030731, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122676","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021wr030731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":411722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.19842494954662,\n 29.43299698721681\n ],\n [\n -91.0065616177603,\n 29.745824547354005\n ],\n [\n -91.69407188999388,\n 30.994196767826082\n ],\n [\n -91.98986119316385,\n 30.994196767826082\n ],\n [\n -91.91791244374411,\n 30.39269246892897\n ],\n [\n -91.62212314057413,\n 29.849884487088616\n ],\n [\n -91.4622370307522,\n 29.540858164204536\n ],\n [\n -91.19842494954662,\n 29.43299698721681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroes, Daniel 0000-0001-9104-9077 dkroes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-9077","contributorId":3830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroes","given":"Daniel","email":"dkroes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Richard 0000-0002-5959-7054","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":221895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaller, Michael D. 0000-0002-1239-7725","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-7725","contributorId":300764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demas, Charles R.","contributorId":300765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demas","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelso, William E.","contributorId":300766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelso","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pasco, Tiffany","contributorId":300767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pasco","given":"Tiffany","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harlan, Raynie","contributorId":300768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harlan","given":"Raynie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12717,"text":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roberts, Steven","contributorId":300769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Steven","affiliations":[{"id":13502,"text":"US Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70237821,"text":"70237821 - 2022 - A reproducible and reusable pipeline for segmentation of geoscientific imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-25T14:30:48.574122","indexId":"70237821","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-09T09:27:46","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5026,"text":"Earth and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reproducible and reusable pipeline for segmentation of geoscientific imagery","docAbstract":"Segmentation of Earth science imagery is an increasingly common task. Among modern techniques that use Deep Learning, the UNet architecture has been shown to be a reliable for segmenting a range of imagery. We developed software–Segmentation Gym–to implement a data-model pipeline for segmentation of scientific imagery using a family of UNet models. With an existing set of imagery and labels, the software uses a single configuration file that handles data set creation, as well as model setup and model training. Key benefits of this software are (a) the focus on reproducible data set creation and modeling, and (b) the ability for quick model experimentation through changes to a configuration file. Quick experimentation permits researchers to prototype different model architectures, sizes, and adjust common hyperparameters to find a suitable model. We demonstrate the use of the software using a data set of 419 labeled Landsat-8 scenes of coastal environments and compare results across two model architectures, five model sizes, and three loss functions. This demonstration highlights that our software enables rapid, reproducible experimentation to determine optimal hyperparameters for specific data sets and research questions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022EA002332","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D.D., and Goldstein, E.B., 2022, A reproducible and reusable pipeline for segmentation of geoscientific imagery: Earth and Space Science, v. 9, e2022EA002332, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002332.","productDescription":"e2022EA002332, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-136939","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ea002332","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, Evan B. 0000-0001-9358-1016","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9358-1016","contributorId":184210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241528,"text":"70241528 - 2022 - Rapid SNP genotyping, sex identification, and hybrid-detection in threatened bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T13:27:31.459044","indexId":"70241528","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-09T08:21:45","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid SNP genotyping, sex identification, and hybrid-detection in threatened bull trout","docAbstract":"We developed new bull trout genetic markers using Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to improve our ability to address questions important for their conservation and management. Samples from across the species range were sequenced and 5020 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were discovered, including hundreds with high heterozygosity (H > 0.30). We developed 63 high-heterozygosity bull trout polymorphic SNPs and one sex-identification SNP and tested them on range-wide samples. In addition, we tested previously published SNP assays including 11 species-diagnostic SNPs differentiating bull trout from brook trout and 3 brook trout variable SNPs on a broad set of range-wide samples. Genotypes from the sex-identification SNP showed 95% agreement with the field sex identification across 113 samples. The eleven species-diagnostic loci reliably discriminated between known brook trout, bull trout, and F1 hybrid control samples. These SNP assays will facilitate genotyping of partially degraded museum fin clips, and tissues with low DNA content such as scales and otoliths. Finally, these loci will allow rapid genotyping for improved resolution of bull trout population structure, sex ratios, movement patterns, and introgressive hybridization with non-native brook trout for a wide range of management questions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-022-01289-w","usgsCitation":"Amish, S.J., Bernall, S., DeHaan, P.W., Miller, M.A., O'Rourke, S., Boyer, M., Muhlfeld, C.C., Lodmell, A., Leary, R., and Luikart, G., 2022, Rapid SNP genotyping, sex identification, and hybrid-detection in threatened bull trout: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 14, p. 421-427, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-022-01289-w.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"427","ipdsId":"IP-144024","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n 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cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lodmell, Angela","contributorId":303305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lodmell","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leary, Robb F.","contributorId":126726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leary","given":"Robb F.","affiliations":[{"id":6582,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70237158,"text":"70237158 - 2022 - Simulation of heat flow in a synthetic watershed: Lags and dampening across multiple pathways under a climate-forcing scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T11:38:05.919553","indexId":"70237158","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-09T06:36:16","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of heat flow in a synthetic watershed: Lags and dampening across multiple pathways under a climate-forcing scenario","docAbstract":"1. The relationships between macrophytes and the physical and biological characteristics of the environments that aquatic organisms inhabit are complex. Previous studies have shown that the macrophytes, Ranunculus (subgenus Batrachium), which are dominant in lowland chalk streams and widespread across Europe, can enhance juvenile Atlantic salmon abundance and growth to a greater degree than other physical and biological habitat characteristics. However, mechanistic understanding of how this effect might arise requires consideration of the direct and indirect relationships among habitat characteristics that are likely to be influenced by the presence of macrophyte cover.
2. We applied structural equation modelling to data collected during a 2-year in-river manipulative experiment in the River Frome (southern England, U.K.) designed to quantify the magnitude and the relative importance of direct and indirect influences of Ranunculus cover and other physical and biological variables, including water velocity, water depth, prey biomass and body size, and abundance of con- and hetero-specifics, on abundance and somatic growth of 0+ salmon.
3. Results indicated a strongly positive direct influence of Ranunculus cover on salmon abundance, as well as positive influences of Ranunculus on velocity heterogeneity and water depth that are indirectly related to decreased salmon abundance. Interestingly, there was no indication of a direct influence of Ranunculus cover on salmon growth, although Ranunculus was indirectly related to increased salmon growth through its positive influence on prey biomass, an effect mediated by velocity heterogeneity and proportion of fast velocities.
4. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the key role of Ranunculus in their native lowland rivers to enhance abundance and improve conditions for multiple food web components. Strategies to maintain or enhance naturally occurring Ranunculus in these rivers are therefore likely to return wide ranging ecosystem benefits, including for species of high conservation value, such as salmon. These mechanistic impacts on habitat heterogeneity and ecosystem productivity could generalise to native macrophytes in other river systems, particularly where habitat is dominated by vegetation in the absence of large substrates.
Rabies virus (RABV) transmitted by the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) poses a threat to agricultural development and public health throughout the Neotropics. The ecology and evolution of rabies host-pathogen dynamics are influenced by two infection-induced behavioral changes. RABV-infected hosts often exhibit increased aggression which facilitates transmission, and rabies also leads to reduced activity and paralysis prior to death. Although several studies document rabies-induced behavioral changes in rodents and other dead-end hosts, surprisingly few studies have measured these changes in vampire bats, the key natural reservoir throughout Latin America. Here, we take advantage of an experiment designed to test the safety and efficacy of an oral rabies vaccine in captive male vampire bats to quantify for the first time how rabies affects allogrooming and aggressive behaviors in the vampire bat. Compared to non-rabid vampire bats, rabid individuals reduced their allogrooming prior to death, but we did not detect increases in aggression among bats. To put our results in context, we review what is known and what remains unclear about behavioral changes of rabid vampire bats.
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The Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus) is a species of meadow-specializing amphibian endemic to the high-elevation Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Despite living entirely on federal lands, it has recently faced severe extirpations, yet our understanding of climatic influences on population connectivity is limited. In this study, we used a previously published double-digest RADseq dataset along with numerous remotely sensed habitat features in a landscape genetics framework to answer two primary questions in Yosemite National Park: (1) Which fine-scale climate, topographic, soil, and vegetation features most facilitate meadow connectivity? (2) How is climate change predicted to influence both the magnitude and net asymmetry of genetic migration? We developed an approach for simultaneously modeling multiple toad migration paths, akin to circuit theory, except raw environmental features can be separately considered. Our workflow identified the most likely migration corridors between meadows and used the unique cubist machine learning approach to fit and forecast environmental models of connectivity. We identified the permuted modeling importance of numerous snowpack-related features, such as runoff and groundwater recharge. Our results highlight the importance of considering phylogeographic structure, and asymmetrical migration in landscape genetics. We predict an upward elevational shift for this already high-elevation species, as measured by the net vector of anticipated genetic movement, and a north-eastward shift in species distribution via the network of genetic migration corridors across the park.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41437-022-00561-x","usgsCitation":"Maier, P., Vandergast, A.G., Ostoja, S.M., Aguilar, A., and Bohonak, A.J., 2022, Landscape genetics of a sub-alpine toad: Climate change predicted to induce upward range shifts via asymmetrical migration corridors: Heredity, v. 129, p. 257-272, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-022-00561-x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"272","ipdsId":"IP-144739","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9613655","text":"External Repository"},{"id":409669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.4668810085783,\n 38.44363766038242\n ],\n [\n -120.4668810085783,\n 36.93160395898977\n ],\n [\n -118.12778648528116,\n 36.93160395898977\n ],\n [\n -118.12778648528116,\n 38.44363766038242\n ],\n [\n -120.4668810085783,\n 38.44363766038242\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maier, Paul A. 0000-0003-0851-8827","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8827","contributorId":221033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maier","given":"Paul A.","affiliations":[{"id":40313,"text":"Department of Biology, San Diego State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":192955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aguilar, Andres","contributorId":195155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguilar","given":"Andres","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bohonak, Andrew J.","contributorId":195156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohonak","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236067,"text":"ofr20221037 - 2022 - Monitoring framework to evaluate effectiveness of aquatic and floodplain habitat restoration activities for native fish along the Willamette River, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-30T13:24:47.084148","indexId":"ofr20221037","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-07T10:20:44","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1037","displayTitle":"Monitoring Framework to Evaluate Effectiveness of Aquatic and Floodplain Habitat Restoration Activities for Native Fish along the Willamette River, Northwestern Oregon","title":"Monitoring framework to evaluate effectiveness of aquatic and floodplain habitat restoration activities for native fish along the Willamette River, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"Since 2008, large-scale restoration programs have been implemented along the Willamette River, Oregon, to address historical losses of floodplain habitats caused by dam construction, bank protection, large wood removal, land conversion, and other anthropogenic influences. The Willamette Focused Investment Partnership (WFIP) restoration initiative brings together more than 16 organizations to improve floodplain habitats on more than 35,000 hectares upstream from Willamette Falls with the overarching goal to expand and enhance native fish habitats through the following restoration activities implemented along the floodplains and off-channel areas of the Willamette River: (A) modify floodplain topography and human-made barriers to inundation; (B) enhance gravel pits; (C) remove revetments; (D) construct off-channel features; (E) increase and enhance floodplain forest vegetation; and (F) treat aquatic invasive plant species (AIS). The WFIP Effectiveness Monitoring Program was initiated to inform future refinement of Willamette River restoration program goals and activities and has three goals: (1) evaluate the effectiveness of different restoration activities at increasing and enhancing native fish habitat, (2) improve overall understanding of the physical and ecological responses associated with different restoration activities undertaken by the WFIP, and (3) relate site-scale responses to restoration with broader patterns of fish communities, hydrogeomorphology, stream temperature, and vegetation across the Willamette River floodplain, so that the relative importance of restoration activities on habitat availability for native fish can be assessed.
A monitoring framework was developed to evaluate effectiveness of floodplain restoration activities at increasing and enhancing habitat for native fish in the Willamette River corridor, northwestern Oregon. This framework describes monitoring indicators, metrics, and approaches for evaluating responses in native fish communities and physical habitat conditions to restoration activities and determining effectiveness of restoration activities at improving habitats for native fish. The monitoring indicators and approaches are grouped into five restoration monitoring categories that are useful for characterizing ecological and physical habitat responses to restoration activities: fish, hydrogeomorphology, floodplain forest vegetation, birds, and AIS. This monitoring framework provides a common science foundation to support collaborative decisions on future interdisciplinary effectiveness monitoring activities for Willamette River restoration programs. To evaluate restoration effectiveness, data must be evaluated according to metrics and thresholds that permit direct comparison between habitat conditions at the restoration site and restoration program goals; this framework provides examples of metrics and thresholds for evaluating data, recognizing that the precise evaluation criteria for a particular site or program will need to be tailored to meet program questions and available resources. Refining restoration goals and activities as part of an adaptively managed process requires addressing critical uncertainties between restoration goals, restoration activities, and outcomes for habitats used by native fish. Although the monitoring activities of this framework will generate important datasets useful for evaluating restoration effectiveness, additional research, syntheses, and reporting is ultimately necessary to provide a common science foundation to support adaptively managed restoration programs. This report is intended as a resource for restoration program managers, practitioners, scientists, and contractors as they develop detailed annual monitoring plans for data collection and identify the monitoring indicators, metrics, and approaches that are appropriate for evaluating effectiveness of different restoration activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Benton Soil and Water Conservation District and Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board","usgsCitation":"Keith, M.K., Wallick, J.R., Flitcroft, R.L., Kock, T.J., Brown, L.A., Miller, R., Hagar, J.C., Guillozet, K., and Jones, K.L., 2022, Monitoring framework to evaluate effectiveness of aquatic and floodplain habitat restoration activities for native fish along the Willamette River, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1037, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221037.","productDescription":"Report: xi,116 p.; Data Reease","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117547","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501771,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113503.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9N55MYW","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Native and non-native fish species in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon"},{"id":405742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1037/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":405743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1037/ofr20221037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"77.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1037"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.42041015624999,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -123.42041015624999,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -123.42041015624999,\n 43.96119063892024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
For decades there has been a debate about the relative effects of dynamic versus static stress triggering of aftershocks. According to the static Coulomb stress change hypothesis, aftershocks should not occur in stress shadows—regions where static Coulomb stress has been reduced. We show that static stress shadows substantially influence aftershock occurrence following three M ≥ 7 California mainshocks. Within the modeled static Coulomb stress shadows, the aftershock rate is an order of magnitude lower than in the modeled increase regions. However, the earthquake rate in the stress shadows does not decrease below the background rate, as predicted by Coulomb stress change models. Aftershocks in the stress shadows exhibit different spatial–temporal characteristics from aftershocks in the stress increase regions. The aftershock rate in the stress shadows decays as a power law with distance from the mainshock, consistent with a simple model of dynamic stress triggering. These aftershocks begin with a burst of activity during the first few days after the mainshock, also consistent with dynamic stress triggering. Our interpretation is that aftershock sequences are the combined result of static and dynamic stress triggering, with an estimated ∼34% of aftershocks due to dynamic triggering and ∼66% due to static triggering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0320220023","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., and Harris, R.A., 2022, Earthquakes in the shadows: Why aftershocks occur at surprising locations: The Seismic Record, v. 2, no. 3, p. 207-216, https://doi.org/10.1785/0320220023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"216","ipdsId":"IP-131590","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0320220023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":254964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Ruth A. 0000-0002-9247-0768 harris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Ruth","email":"harris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236295,"text":"fs20223073 - 2022 - Eastern Ecological Science Center — Fish and aquatic animal health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T13:12:11.512711","indexId":"fs20223073","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-07T07:58:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-3073","displayTitle":"Eastern Ecological Science Center — Fish and Aquatic Animal Health","title":"Eastern Ecological Science Center — Fish and aquatic animal health","docAbstract":"Science provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eastern Ecological Science Center (EESC) helps to protect fish and aquatic animal health and support disease management of our Nation’s fisheries and aquatic animal populations. Our capabilities and expertise span diverse, yet highly integrated disciplines related to all aspects of biology, ecology, and animal health. Our scientists work to identify novel and emerging pathogens and diseases to assess fish and aquatic animal responses to parasites, pathogens, adverse environmental conditions, and chemical exposures. Eastern Ecological Science Center research is conducted both in laboratories and in the field in various aquatic environments ranging from headwater streams to the ocean. The EESC team provides science leadership and support for fisheries and aquatic species specialists nationwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223073","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C.L., and Malpass, J.S., 2022, Eastern Ecological Science Center — Fish and aquatic animal health: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3073, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223073.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-142592","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3073/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":406007,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3073/fs20223073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"433 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022-3073"}],"contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Wetlands deliver a suite of ecosystem services to society. Anthropogenic activities, such as wetland drainage, have resulted in considerable wetland loss and degradation, diminishing the intrinsic value of wetland ecosystems worldwide. Protecting remaining wetlands and restoring degraded wetlands are common management practices to preserve and reclaim wetland benefits to society. Accordingly, methods for monitoring and assessing wetlands are required to evaluate their ecologic condition and outcomes of restoration activities. We used an established methodology for conducting vegetation-based assessments and describe a case study consisting of a wetland condition assessment in the Prairie Pothole Region of the North American Great Plains. We provide an overview of an existing method for selecting wetlands to sample across broad geographic distributions using a spatially balanced statistical design. We also describe site assessment protocols, including vegetation survey methods, and how field data were applied to a vegetation index that categorized wetlands according to ecologic condition. Results of the case study indicated that vegetation communities in nearly 50% of the surveyed wetlands were in very poor or poor condition, while only about 25% were considered good or very good. Approximately 70% of wetlands in native grasslands were categorized as good or very good compared to only 12% of those in reseeded grasslands (formerly cropland). In terms of informing restoration and management activities, results indicated that improved restoration practices could include a greater focus on establishing natural vegetation communities, and both restored and native prairie wetlands would benefit from enhanced management of invasive species.
Understanding the effects of extreme weather on animal populations is fundamental to ecological and conservation sciences and species management. Climate change has resulted in both warm and cold temperature extremes, including an increased frequency of severe cold snaps at middle latitudes in North America. These unusually cold air masses cause rapid declines in nearshore ocean temperatures in coastal areas, with detrimental effects on marine organisms. Acute cold-stun events (hereafter cold stuns) occur when hundreds to thousands of resident juvenile sea turtles fail to escape shallow water during cold snaps. Human intervention through rescue and recovery largely mitigates direct juvenile sea turtle mortality, but delayed effects of cold stuns on rescued individuals are not well understood. Our objective was to examine long-term juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) survival across four cold stuns of varying severity in St. Joseph Bay, Florida, between 2010 and 2018. We used the classic Cormack–Jolly–Seber model in a hierarchical Bayesian framework to estimate apparent survival (i.e., emigration and mortality) of rescued turtles at different time intervals. Our results indicated about half of a cohort rescued during a severe cold stun in January 2010 likely remained in the population 1 year later, with 10%–20% remaining 4 years later, and as few as 5% by 2018. The results also suggested higher apparent survival for cohorts rescued during two subsequent milder cold stuns. Emigration was a more plausible ecological explanation for low apparent survival than delayed mortality. Potential ecological mechanisms underlying emigration include a reduction in food availability and a behavioral response to either the severe weather event or handling during rescue (or both). However, the typical annual turnover of juvenile green turtles, though assumed low, is not well known in St. Joseph Bay. Thus, our apparent survival estimates may be reflective of higher-than-expected emigration in the broader population. Our study provides important baseline information about long-term juvenile sea turtle survival after cold stuns in temperate regions. We also highlight the importance of strategic monitoring between cold stuns to examine additional ecological questions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4221","usgsCitation":"Mollenhauer, R.M., Lamont, M., and Foley, A.M., 2022, Long-term apparent survival of a cold-stunned subpopulation of juveniles green turtles: Ecosphere, e4221, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4221.","productDescription":"e4221, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133328","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St Joseph Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.43243408203125,\n 29.673735421779128\n ],\n [\n -85.29579162597655,\n 29.673735421779128\n ],\n [\n -85.29579162597655,\n 29.891257492496305\n ],\n [\n -85.43243408203125,\n 29.891257492496305\n ],\n [\n -85.43243408203125,\n 29.673735421779128\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mollenhauer, Robert Michael 0000-0002-4033-8685","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-8685","contributorId":290165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mollenhauer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret 0000-0001-7520-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":222403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foley, Allen M.","contributorId":195874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foley","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70256679,"text":"70256679 - 2022 - Predation probabilities and functional responses: How piscivorous waterbirds respond to pulses in fish abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-06T17:06:22.193305","indexId":"70256679","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-06T09:54:48","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation probabilities and functional responses: How piscivorous waterbirds respond to pulses in fish abundance","docAbstract":"How predators respond to changes in prey abundance (i.e., functional responses) is foundational to consumer–resource interactions, predator–prey dynamics, and the stability of predator–prey systems. Predation by piscivorous waterbirds on out-migrating juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is considered a factor affecting the recovery of multiple Endangered Species Act-listed steelhead populations in the Columbia River basin. Waterbird functional responses, however, may vary by predator species and location, with important implications to predator management strategies. We used a 13-year dataset on waterbird abundance across seven breeding colonies (three Caspian tern [Hydroprogne caspia], two double-crested cormorant [Nannopterum auritum], and two California and ring-billed gull [Larus californicus and Larus delawarensis] colonies) and steelhead tag-recovery data (>645,000 tagged and >32,000 recovered steelhead) to quantify weekly predation probabilities and functional responses across waterbird species, colonies, and years. Weekly predation probabilities were highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 0.30 at tern colonies, 0.01 to 0.20 at cormorant colonies, and 0.03 to 0.13 at gull colonies. Per capita predation probabilities were an order of magnitude higher at inland tern and cormorant colonies relative to estuary colonies of the same species. Terns displayed Type II functional responses across colonies and years, where predation probabilities peaked at low steelhead abundances and declined as steelhead abundance increased (i.e., predator swamping). Cormorants nesting at the large estuary colony (several thousand birds) displayed a Type III functional response, but cormorants nesting at the smaller inland colony (several hundred birds) displayed a Type II response. Consumption probabilities of steelhead by gulls remained consistent across a large range of steelhead availability, suggesting a Type I or a Type III functional response, but a lack of colony abundance data prevented quantifying functional responses. The level of tern predation combined with Type II functional responses indicate possible population-level impacts that could destabilize small or declining prey populations. Conversely, the apparent Type III functional responses of gulls and estuary nesting cormorants are indicative of prey switching behaviors targeted at periods of high steelhead abundance. Our results illustrate the complexity of predator–prey interactions and the importance of quantifying predator- and location-specific functional responses when predicting the efficacy of management strategies to enhance prey populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4220","usgsCitation":"Hostetter, N.J., Payton, Q., Roby, D., Collis, K., and Evans, A., 2022, Predation probabilities and functional responses: How piscivorous waterbirds respond to pulses in fish abundance: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 9, e4220, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4220.","productDescription":"e4220, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131458","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4220","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River 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\"}}]}","volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetter, Nathan J. 0000-0001-6075-2157 nhostetter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-2157","contributorId":198843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetter","given":"Nathan","email":"nhostetter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":908624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payton, Q.","contributorId":341565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payton","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39334,"text":"Real Time Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, D.D.","contributorId":341566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collis, K.","contributorId":341567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":39334,"text":"Real Time Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, A.F.","contributorId":341568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[{"id":39334,"text":"Real Time Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70263919,"text":"70263919 - 2022 - A late Cenozoic kinematic model for fault motion within greater Cascadia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-28T15:23:57.809725","indexId":"70263919","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-06T09:19:51","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A late Cenozoic kinematic model for fault motion within greater Cascadia","docAbstract":"Widely accepted tectonic reconstructions indicate at least 100 km of coast-parallel northwestward translation of the Sierra Nevada block of California and 15–20° clockwise rotation of most of Oregon since the current phase of Basin and Range extension began ∼17 Ma. These reconstructions require at least 100 km of convergence between the central Coast Range of Oregon and rigid North America in mainland British Columbia, yet there is little discussion of how such convergence might be distributed. This study offers a kinematic model of the distribution of such deformation, constrained by geodesy, paleomagnetism, and fault offsets in Nevada, California and Oregon. The model includes differential rotation across the thrust faults of the Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB), compressive right-lateral faulting in the Washington Cascade Range, substantial thrust faulting within the Puget Lowland, and oroclinal bending and doming in the Olympic Mountains. Shortening across YTFB along 120°W longitude is modeled as 47 km, across Puget Lowland at 123°W (Olympia-Bellingham) is 94 km, and total shortening between the central Oregon Coast Range and northern Washington (Corvallis-Bellingham) is 125 km. Current motion of the coastal regions above the Cascadia subduction zone results from both permanent deformation of the continent and elastic coupling to the subducting plate. Permanent deformation in the model is based on extrapolating geodesy from east of 120°W or south of 40°N, indicating a very uniform convergence velocity with the Juan de Fuca plate for northernmost California and Oregon near 31 mm/yr at N61°E.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"/10.1029/2022GC010442","usgsCitation":"Wilson, D.S., and McCrory, P.A., 2022, A late Cenozoic kinematic model for fault motion within greater Cascadia: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 23, no. 9, e2022GC010442, 23 p., https://doi.org//10.1029/2022GC010442.","productDescription":"e2022GC010442, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-087056","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gc010442","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Cascadia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.80058361811714,\n 43.705403176608456\n ],\n [\n -112.1830337337602,\n 48.93642761048696\n ],\n [\n -123.20997571125247,\n 49.00068131470371\n ],\n [\n -123.27314338672014,\n 48.315457212705695\n ],\n [\n -124.91769611303806,\n 48.51325876215739\n ],\n [\n -124.10331971880694,\n 45.68741856292945\n ],\n [\n -124.72460678447862,\n 42.471289361135035\n ],\n [\n -124.46584634817447,\n 39.45335870478422\n ],\n [\n -121.48933765727764,\n 35.84317504003066\n ],\n [\n -117.67216197790219,\n 39.37476870569205\n ],\n [\n -113.99622925328066,\n 42.04652529338142\n ],\n [\n -110.09067829159352,\n 42.2589105613539\n ],\n [\n -109.80058361811714,\n 43.705403176608456\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Douglas S.","contributorId":68782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCrory, Patricia A. 0000-0003-2471-0018 pmccrory@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-0018","contributorId":2728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"Patricia","email":"pmccrory@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236066,"text":"dr1159 - 2022 - Distribution and demography of coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in southern San Diego County, California — 2021 Data summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T16:36:59.282111","indexId":"dr1159","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-06T09:13:48","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9318,"text":"Data Report","code":"DR","onlineIssn":"2771-9448","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1159","displayTitle":"Distribution and Demography of Coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in Southern San Diego County, California—2021 Data Summary","title":"Distribution and demography of coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in southern San Diego County, California — 2021 Data summary","docAbstract":"We surveyed for coastal Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in 378 established plots in southern San Diego County in 2021, encompassing 3 genetic clusters (Otay, Lake Jennings, and Sweetwater/Encanto). Two surveys were completed at each plot between March 1 and July 31. Cactus Wrens were detected in 130 plots (34 percent of plots), remaining virtually the same as the percentage of plots occupied in 2020 (35 percent). There were 113 Cactus Wren territories detected across all survey plots in 2021, an increase from 109 in 2020. At least 86 percent of Cactus Wren territories were occupied by pairs, and 50 fledglings were observed in 2021.
We observed 48 color-banded Cactus Wrens in 2021, 44 of which we could identify to individual. Adults of known age ranged from 2 to at least 7 years old. Adult Cactus Wrens moved, on average, 0.1 kilometers (maximum 0.5 kilometers) from their 2020 territories to their 2021 territories. No known-identity Cactus Wrens moved between genetic clusters from 2020 to 2021.
Vegetation at Cactus Wren plots typically was dominated by coastal sage scrub shrubs, such as California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia), and San Diego sunflower (Bahiopsis laciniata). Twenty-nine percent of plots contained blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea), and Cactus Wrens occupied proportionally more plots with elderberry than plots without elderberry. Very little dead or unhealthy cactus was observed within all survey plots, and the plots that were occupied by Cactus Wrens were likely to contain more healthy cactus than plots that were not occupied by Cactus Wrens. Thirteen percent of plots had 5 percent or less of the cactus crowded or overtopped by vines and shrubs. Although in 2020, Cactus Wrens occupied proportionally more plots with 5 percent or less of cactus crowded or overtopped by vines and shrubs, this pattern was not found in 2021. Non-native annual cover was 5 percent or less at 29 percent of plots and, unlike in 2020, Cactus Wrens appeared to occupy proportionally more plots with less non-native annual cover than plots with more than 5-percent annual cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1159","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Lynn, S., and Kus, B.E., 2022, Distribution and demography of coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in southern San Diego County, California—2021 Data summary: Data Report 1159, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1159.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 14 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137297","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405711,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1159/images"},{"id":405710,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1159/dr1159.xml"},{"id":405712,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76H4FK5","text":"Surveys and monitoring of Coastal Cactus Wren in Southern San Diego County","description":"Kus, B.E., and Lynn, S., 2022, Surveys and monitoring of Coastal Cactus Wren in Southern San Diego County: U.S. Geological Survey data release, accessed December 13, 2021, at https://doi.org/10.5066/F76H4FK5."},{"id":405708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1159/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":405709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1159/dr1159.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1307373046875,\n 32.53986719301091\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 32.588477769459146\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -117.34222412109374,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -117.1307373046875,\n 32.53986719301091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
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3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The increase in size and frequency of wildfires in sagebrush steppe ecosystems has significant impacts on sagebrush obligate species. We modeled seasonal habitat use by female greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Trout Creek Mountains of Oregon and Nevada, USA, to identify landscape characteristics that influenced sage-grouse habitat selection and to create predictive surfaces of seasonal use 1 and 7 years postfire. We developed three resource selection function models using GPS location data from 2013 to 2019 for three biologically distinct seasons (breeding, n = 149 individuals: 8 March–12 June; summer, n = 140 individuals: 13 June–20 October; and winter, n = 94 individuals: 21 October–7 March). For all seasons, by the fourth or fifth year postfire, sage-grouse selected for unburned patches more than all other burn severity patches and the use of unburned areas in comparison with burned areas increased through time. During the breeding season, sage-grouse selected for low-sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula)-dominated ecosystems and areas with low biomass (normalized difference vegetation index). During summer, sage-grouse selected for areas with higher annual and perennial grasses and forb cover, and areas that had higher biomass. During winter, sage-grouse selected for areas of intact sagebrush on less rugged terrain. For the winter and breeding season, there was a positive linear relationship between annual grasses and forb cover through time. Seven years postfire (2019), the area predicted to have a high probability of use in each seasonal range decreased (breeding: 16.4%; summer: 12.2%; and winter: 4.2%), while the area predicted to have low or low-medium probability of use increased (breeding: 14.5%; summer: 22.5%; and winter: 22.8%) when compared to the first year following the wildfire (2013). Our results demonstrated a 4- to 5-year time lag before female sage-grouse adapted to a disturbed landscape began avoiding burned areas more than intact, unburned habitats. This mismatch in ecological response may imply declines in habitat availability for sage-grouse and may destabilize population vital rates. Spatially explicit models can aid in identifying priority areas for restoration efforts and conservation actions to mitigate the impacts of future disturbances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4179","usgsCitation":"Schuyler, E.M., Hagen, C., Anthony, C.R., Foster, L.J., and Dugger, K., 2022, Temporal mismatch in space use by a sagebrush obligate species after large-scale wildfire: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 9, e4179, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4179.","productDescription":"e4179, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128782","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4179","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Trout Creek Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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42.18355516029379\n ],\n [\n -118.37208266981833,\n 42.19472944320211\n ],\n [\n -118.40498752182629,\n 42.186602887894566\n ],\n [\n -118.41595580582882,\n 42.1266372785154\n ],\n [\n -118.51878346835376,\n 42.07373912911069\n ],\n [\n -118.48724965184597,\n 42.018759732624574\n ],\n [\n -118.46257101284007,\n 41.997366007575835\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuyler, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":273895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuyler","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagen, Christian A.","contributorId":279696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagen","given":"Christian A.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Christopher R. 0000-0003-0968-224X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-224X","contributorId":296314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Lee J.","contributorId":287180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36223,"text":"Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241472,"text":"70241472 - 2022 - Quantitative SWOT analysis: A structured and collaborative approach to reintroduction site selection for the endangered Pacific pocket mouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T12:25:09.185035","indexId":"70241472","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-06T07:22:08","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2142,"text":"Journal for Nature Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative SWOT analysis: A structured and collaborative approach to reintroduction site selection for the endangered Pacific pocket mouse","docAbstract":"Species extinction and loss of biodiversity are major crises in the Anthropocene. Translocations of threatened and endangered species, the movement of individuals to augment existing or establish new populations, are increasingly important conservation tools, but have historically had limited success. Selection of a suitable receiver site is essential to translocation success, with poor site suitability cited as one of the most common reasons for relocation failure. We utilized a quantitative SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to evaluate and prioritize potential receiver sites for the Pacific pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris pacificus), an endangered subspecies of heteromyid rodent endemic to coastal southern California. With only three remaining extant populations, a conservation breeding and reintroduction program is underway with the goal of creating additional wild populations in new or historic locations throughout its indigenous range. Here we describe our use of SWOT analysis and discuss the strengths of this approach as well as improvements that could be made to the evaluation process for other species. Overall, we found that using a structured, transparent, and collaborative process was a valuable tool for prioritizing receiver sites. SWOT analysis is a flexible, repeatable, and proactive approach for identifying receiver sites and the preparations necessary to improve species-specific suitability. This approach has the potential to result in successful relocation compared to less structured site selection processes where poor site suitability is ultimately identified as a major factor in failure to establish wild populations.
Free-ranging and captive cervid herds are at risk for chronic wasting disease transmission from direct contacts at fences, so we explored the use of a secondary electric fence to prevent contacts in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Using a captive herd of white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania, USA, we tested the efficacy of two electric fence designs (one three-strand and one six-strand) constructed along separate primary fence lines (each composed of 20 m of chain link and 20 m of woven wire fencing) dividing paddocks of captive deer. From June to November 2019, we conducted three trials of variable lengths to assess how season, age, and sex impacted behavior and motivation of deer to breach the electric fence. When no electric fence was in place, we observed 117 direct contacts through woven wire and chain link fences. With the electric fences in place, we observed electric fence breaches (which led to direct contact between deer) by weaned fawns (37 breaches, 4 direct contacts) and males in the mid- and late-rut (2 breaches, 1 direct contact). The majority of breaches occurred across the three-strand-fence. Our results suggest that no style of primary fence alone is sufficient to prevent direct contacts and that the addition of a secondary, properly designed electric fence constructed along the primary fence of captive white-tailed deer facilities could prevent direct contact between captive and free-ranging deer.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1350","usgsCitation":"Khouri, R., Wagner, D., and Walter, W., 2022, Efficacy of secondary electric fences at preventing direct contact among white-tailed deer: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 46, no. 4, e1350, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1350.","productDescription":"e1350, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127087","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Centre County","otherGeospatial":"The Pennsylvania State University Deer Research 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Renee M.","contributorId":348812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khouri","given":"Renee M.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Donald C.","contributorId":348813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Donald C.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walter, W. David 0000-0003-3068-1073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":219540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W. David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236398,"text":"70236398 - 2022 - Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death in Hawaiʻi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-05T16:43:33.981238","indexId":"70236398","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-05T11:15:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death in Hawaiʻi","docAbstract":"Ceratocystis lukuohia and Ceratocystis huliohia are two newly recognized fungi that have arrived in Hawai‘i and are causing a serious vascular wilt and canker disease, respectively, of ‘ōhi‘a trees (Metrosideros polymorpha), the most common and important tree species in Hawai‘i. Management of these diseases has presented challenges due to unique etiological aspects and the exceptionally pathogenic nature of one of these fungi (C. lukuohia) once it gains access to the tree’s vascular tissue. Careful study of the spread of the pathogens has resulted in an understanding of the role of ambrosia beetles and the frass they produce that carries the pathogen, as well as the wounding of trees by many different agents by which the pathogen can access and infect the vascular tissue.
A variety control measures are being used. These include a state-of-the-art monitoring program to detect diseased and recently killed trees and molecular biology approaches that can confirm if a given tree was infected by Ceratocystis. Based on monitoring more than one million trees have been estimated as killed by the diseases to date. A major part of the program includes the deployment of a field crew that seeks out and fells large infected ‘ōhi‘a trees as these trees are the main source of most of the infective Ceratocystis-laden frass. Long-term control measures also include fencing of some forests to reduce the amount of wounding to ‘ōhi‘a trees by feral cattle and pigs that allows entry of the fungi and quarantine restrictions to ensure there will be no inter-island movement of the pathogens in ‘ōhi‘a products. Finally, methods are also being developed to restore ‘ōhi‘a forests affected by these diseases by determining effective regeneration practices and developing genetically resistant ‘ōhi‘a stock.
Hawai‘i has an active extension program dedicated to providing information on how residents and visitors can contribute to protecting ‘ōhi‘a trees from these diseases. More than 500,000 people have participated in this program. Hawai‘i residents have a very deep appreciation for this tree species and do what they can to help prevent these diseases from destroying more of their most treasured tree species.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest microbiology: Forest tree health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-85042-1.00013-6","usgsCitation":"Cannon, P., Friday, J.B., Harrington, T., Keith, L., Hughes, M., Hauff, R., Hughes, F., Perroy, R.L., Benitez, D., Roy, K., Peck, R., Smith, S.L., Luiz, B., Cordell, S., Giardina, C., Juzwik, J., Yelenik, S.G., and Cook, Z., 2022, Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death in Hawaiʻi, chap. of Forest microbiology: Forest tree health, v. 2, p. 267-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85042-1.00013-6.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"289","ipdsId":"IP-136236","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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