{"pageNumber":"351","pageRowStart":"8750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":30854,"text":"wri004002 - 2000 - Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; Volume 2: Interpretation of metal loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T06:58:23","indexId":"wri004002","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4002","title":"Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; Volume 2: Interpretation of metal loads","docAbstract":"<p>Metals transport in the Sacramento River, northern California, from July 1996 to June 1997 was evaluated in terms of metal loads from samples of water and suspended colloids that were collected on up to six occasions at 13 sites in the Sacramento River Basin. Four of the sampling periods (July, September, and November 1996; and May-June 1997) took place during relatively low-flow conditions and two sampling periods (December 1996 and January 1997) took place during high-flow and flooding conditions, respectively. This study focused primarily on loads of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, with secondary emphasis on loads of aluminum, iron, and mercury.</p><p>Trace metals in acid mine drainage from abandoned and inactive base-metal mines, in the East and West Shasta mining districts, enter the Sacramento River system in predominantly dissolved form into both Shasta Lake and Keswick Reservoir. The proportion of trace metals that was dissolved (as opposed to colloidal) in samples collected at Shasta and Keswick dams decreased in the order zinc ≈ cadmium &gt; copper &gt; lead. At four sampling sites on the Sacramento River--71, 256, 360, and 412 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam--trace-metal loads were predominantly colloidal during both high- and low-flow conditions. The proportion of total cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc loads transported to San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta estuary (referred to as the Bay-Delta) that is associated with mineralized areas was estimated by dividing loads at Keswick Dam by loads 412 kilometers downstream at Freeport and the Yolo Bypass. During moderately high flows in December 1996, mineralization-related total (dissolved + colloidal) trace-metal loads to the Bay-Delta (as a percentage of total loads measured downstream) were cadmium, 87 percent; copper, 35 percent; lead, 10 percent; and zinc, 51 percent. During flood conditions in January 1997 loads were cadmium, 22 percent; copper, 11 percent; lead, 2 percent; and zinc, 15 percent. During irrigation drainage season from rice fields (May-June 1997) loads were cadmium, 53 percent; copper, 42 percent; lead, 20 percent; and zinc, 75 percent. These estimates must be qualified by the following factors: (1) metal loads at Colusa in December 1996 and at Verona in May-June 1997 generally exceeded those determined at Freeport during those sampling periods. Therefore, the above percentages represent maximum estimates of the apparent total proportion of metals from mineralized areas upstream of Keswick Dam; and (2) for logistics reasons, the Sacramento River was sampled at Tower Bridge instead of at Freeport during January 1997.</p><p>Available data suggest that trace metal loads from agricultural drainage may be significant during certain flow conditions in areas where metals such as copper and zinc are added as agricultural amendments. Copper loads for sampling periods in July and September 1996 and in May-June 1997 show increases of dissolved and colloidal copper and in colloidal zinc between Colusa and Verona, the reach of the Sacramento River along which the Colusa Basin Drain, the Sacramento Slough, and other agricultural return flows are tributaries. Monthly sampling of these two agricultural drains by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program shows seasonal variations in metal concentrations, reaching maximum concentrations of 4 to 6 micrograms per liter in \"dissolved\" (0.45-micrometer filtrate) copper concentrations in May 1996, December 1996, and June 1997. The total (dissolved plus colloidal) load of copper from the Colusa Basin Drain in June 1997 was 18 kilograms per day, whereas the copper load in Spring Creek, which drains the inactive mines on Iron Mountain, was 20 kilograms per day during the same sampling period. For comparison, during the January 1997 flood, the copper load in Spring Creek was about 1,100 kilograms per day and the copper load in the Yolo Bypass was about 7,300 kilograms per day. The data clearly indicate that most copper and zinc loads during the January 1997 flood entered the Sacramento River upstream of Colusa, and upstream of the influence of the most intense agricultural drainage return flows in the Sacramento River watershed.</p><p>This study has demonstrated that some trace metals of environmental significance (cadmium, copper, and zinc) in the Sacramento River are transported largely in dissolved form at upstream sites (below Shasta Dam, below Keswick Dam, and at Bend Bridge) proximal to the mineralized areas of the West Shasta and East Shasta mining districts. In contrast, these trace metals are transported largely in colloidal form at downstream sites (Colusa, Verona, Freeport, and Yolo Bypass). Aluminum, iron, and lead were observed to be transported predominantly in the colloidal phase at all mainstem Sacramento River sampling sites during all sampling periods in this study. Despite continuous water treatment, which has removed 85 to 90 percent of the cadmium, copper, and zinc from the mine drainage at Iron Mountain, Spring Creek remains a significant source of these metals to the Sacramento River system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wri004002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, California State Water Resources Control Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"2000, Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; Volume 2: Interpretation of metal loads: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4002, xi, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004002.","productDescription":"xi, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"118","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4002.jpg"},{"id":2733,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento 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joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":25612,"text":"wri004008 - 2000 - The importance of ground water in the Great Lakes Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T22:52:14.501696","indexId":"wri004008","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4008","title":"The importance of ground water in the Great Lakes Region","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water is a major natural resource in the Great Lakes Region that helps link the Great Lakes and their watershed. This linkage needs to be more fully understood and quantified before society can address some of the important water-resources issues in the Great Lakes.&nbsp;</p><p>The Great Lakes constitute the largest concentration of unfrozen fresh surface water in the western hemisphere—about 5,440 mi<sup>3</sup>. Because the quantity of water in the lakes is so large, ground water in the Great Lakes Basin is often overlooked when evaluating the hydrology of the region. Ground water, however, is more important to the hydrology of the Great Lakes and to the health of ecosystems in the watershed than is generally recognized.</p><p>Although more than 1,000 mi<sup>3 </sup>of ground water are stored in the basin—a volume of water that is approximately equal to that of Lake Michigan—development of the groundwater resource must be carefully planned. Development of the ground-water resource removes water from storage and alters the paths of ground-water flow. Ground water that normally discharges to streams, lakes, and wetlands can be captured by pumping (the most common form of development), which may deplete or reduce inflows to the Great Lakes.</p><p>Ground water is important to ecosystems in the Great Lakes Region because it is, in effect, a large, subsurface reservoir from which water is released slowly to provide a reliable minimum level of water flow to streams, lakes, and wetlands. Ground-water discharge to streams generally provides good quality water that, in turn, promotes habitat for aquatic animals and sustains aquatic plants during periods of low precipitation. Because of the slow movement of ground water, the effects of surface activities on ground-water flow and quality can take years to manifest themselves. As a result, issues relative to ground water are often seemingly less dire than issues related to surface water alone.</p><p>Ground water is a major natural resource in the Great Lakes Region that helps link the Great Lakes and their watershed. This linkage needs to be more fully understood and quantified before society can address some of the important water-resources issues in the region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri004008","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N., Hunt, R.J., Nicholas, J., Reilly, T.E., and Winter, T.C., 2000, The importance of ground water in the Great Lakes Region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4008, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004008.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004008.JPG"},{"id":1934,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004008","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4008/pdf/WRIR_00-4008.pdf"},{"id":465861,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27044.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              45.336701909968106\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              47.040182144806664\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.287109375,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.66015624999999,\n              49.439556958940855\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.033203125,\n              49.38237278700955\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.40625,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.900390625,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23046875,\n              44.77793589631623\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.47265625,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12109375,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1328125,\n              41.37680856570233\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.166015625,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75976562499999,\n              41.37680856570233\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              41.04621681452063\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.716796875,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.87109375,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              43.197167282501276\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              44.84029065139799\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              45.336701909968106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d50d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":28722,"text":"wri20004042 - 2000 - Hydrologic treatments affect gaseous carbon loss From organic soils, Twitchell Island, California, October 1995–December 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T19:41:28.910631","indexId":"wri20004042","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4042","title":"Hydrologic treatments affect gaseous carbon loss From organic soils, Twitchell Island, California, October 1995–December 1997","docAbstract":"Subsidence of organic soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, has increased the potential for levee failure and flooding in the region. Because oxidation of the peat soils is a primary cause of subsidence, reversion of affected lands to wetlands has been proposed as a mitigation tool. To test this hypothesis, three 10 x 10 meter enclosures were built on Twitchell Island in the Delta and managed as different wetland habitats. Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane were measured in situ from October 1995 through December 1997, from the systems that developed under the different water-management treatments. Treatments included a seasonal control (SC) under current island management conditions; reverse flooding (RF), where the land is intentionally flooded from early dry season until midsummer; permanent shallow flooding (F); and a more deeply flooded, open-water (OW) treatment. Hydrologic treatments affected microbial processes, plant community and temperature dynamics which, in turn, affected carbon cycling. Water-management treatments with a period of flooding significantly decreased gaseous carbon emissions compared to the seasonal control. Permanent flooding treatments showed significantly higher methane fluxes than treatments with some period of aerobic conditions. Shallow flooding treatments created conditions that support cattail [Typha species (spp.)] marshes, while deep flooding precluded emergent vegetation. Carbon inputs to the permanent shallow flooding treatment tended to be greater than the measured losses. This suggests that permanent shallow flooding has the greatest potential for managing subsidence of these soils by generating organic substrate more rapidly than is lost through decomposition. Carbon input estimates of plant biomass compared to measurements of gaseous carbon losses indicate the potential for mitigation of subsidence through hydrologic management of the organic soils in the area.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20004042","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., Hastings, L., and Fujii, R., 2000, Hydrologic treatments affect gaseous carbon loss From organic soils, Twitchell Island, California, October 1995–December 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4042, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004042.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","temporalStart":"1995-10-01","temporalEnd":"1997-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394606,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26216.htm"},{"id":11194,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri004042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Twitchell Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.6930,\n              38.0830\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.622,\n              38.0830\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.622,\n              38.118\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6930,\n              38.118\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6930,\n              38.0830\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hastings, Lauren","contributorId":55479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"Lauren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":200288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24963,"text":"ofr00182 - 2000 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T18:10:08","indexId":"ofr00182","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-182","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Analytical methods using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) were developed for the analysis of the following chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water: acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA), acetochlor oxanilic acid (OXA), alachlor ESA, alachlor OXA, metolachlor ESA, and metolachlor OXA. Good precision and accuracy were demonstrated for both the HPLC-DAD and HPLC/MS methods in reagent water, surface water, and ground water. The mean HPLC-DAD recoveries of the chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites from water samples spiked at 0.25, 0.50, and 2.0 mg/L (micrograms per liter) ranged from 84 to 112 percent, with relative standard deviations of 18 percent or less. The mean HPLC/MS recoveries of the metabolites from water samples spiked at 0.05, 0.20, and 2.0 mg/L ranged from 81 to 125 percent, with relative standard deviations of 20 percent or less. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all metabolites using the HPLC-DAD method was 0.20 mg/L, whereas the LOQ using the HPLC/MS method was 0.05 mg/L. These metabolite-determination methods are valuable for acquiring information about water quality and the fate and transport of the parent chloroacetanilide herbicides in water. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00182","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, L., Hostetler, K., and Thurman, E., 2000, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-182, vi, 30 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00182.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1927,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, K.A.","contributorId":29855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30576,"text":"wri004054 - 2000 - Reconnaissance of hydrology and water quality of Lake Susupe, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"wri004054","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4054","title":"Reconnaissance of hydrology and water quality of Lake Susupe, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 1990","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004054","usgsCitation":"Wong, M.F., and Hill, B.R., 2000, Reconnaissance of hydrology and water quality of Lake Susupe, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4054, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004054.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95849,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4054/report.pdf","size":"4647","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4054/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b08e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Michael F.","contributorId":43815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Barry R.","contributorId":57494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24551,"text":"ofr00110 - 2000 - Schlumberger DC resistivity soundings in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:28:47","indexId":"ofr00110","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-110","title":"Schlumberger DC resistivity soundings in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark counties, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>During July, 1997, twenty four Schlumberger dc resistivity soundings were made in the Boulder watershed and adjacent areas (fig. 1). The objective of geophysical studies in the watershed is to map subsurface lithologic, structural and hydrologic features important in controlling possible ground water contamination from mining activities and for design of remediation efforts. These studies are part of an abandoned mine land study (http://amli.usgs.gov/amli/ ) of the Boulder Basin mining district ( http://www.deq.state.mt.us/mtmines2/linkdocs/techdocs/73tech.html ). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00110","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., and Sole, T., 2000, Schlumberger DC resistivity soundings in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-110, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00110.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":26272,"text":"wri004047 - 2000 - Analysis of hydrologic factors that affect ground-water levels in the Arkansas River alluvial aquifer near La Junta, Colorado, 1959-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri004047","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4047","title":"Analysis of hydrologic factors that affect ground-water levels in the Arkansas River alluvial aquifer near La Junta, Colorado, 1959-99","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004047","usgsCitation":"Bossong, C., 2000, Analysis of hydrologic factors that affect ground-water levels in the Arkansas River alluvial aquifer near La Junta, Colorado, 1959-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4047, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004047.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95591,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4047/report.pdf","size":"3063","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4047/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68036e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bossong, C. R.","contributorId":39762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossong","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26459,"text":"wri994285 - 2000 - Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri994285","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4285","title":"Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee","docAbstract":"This report presents results of field and laboratory investigations examining the biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a karst aquifer contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE). The study site, located in Middle Tennessee, was selected because of the presence of TCE degradation byproducts in the karst aquifer and available site hydrologic and chlorinated-ethene information. Additional chemical, biological, and hydrologic data were gathered to evaluate whether the occurrence of TCE degradation byproducts in the karst aquifer was the result of biodegradation within the aquifer or simply transport into the aquifer. Geochemical analysis established that sulfate-reducing conditions, essential for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents, existed in parts of the contaminated karst aquifer. Other areas of the aquifer fluctuated between anaerobic and aerobic conditions and contained compounds associated with cometabolism, such as ethane, methane, ammonia, and dissolved oxygen. A large, diverse bacteria population inhabits the contaminated aquifer. Bacteria known to biodegrade TCE and other chlorinated solvents, such as sulfate-reducers, methanotrophs, and ammonia-oxidizers, were identified from karst-aquifer water using the RNA-hybridization technique. Results from microcosms using raw karst-aquifer water found that aerobic cometabolism and anaerobic reductive-dechlorination degradation processes were possible when appropriate conditions were established in the microcosms. These chemical and biological results provide circumstantial evidence that several biodegradation processes are active in the aquifer. Additional site hydrologic information was developed to determine if appropriate conditions persist long enough in the karst aquifer for these biodegradation processes to be significant. Continuous monitoring devices placed in four wells during the spring of 1998 indicated that pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation-reduction potentials changed very little in areas isolated from active ground-water flow paths. These stable areas in the karst aquifer had geochemical conditions and bacteria conducive to reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes. Other areas of the karst aquifer were associated with active ground-water flow paths and fluctuated between anaerobic and aerobic conditions in response to rain events. Associated with this dynamic environment were bacteria and geochemical conditions conducive to cometabolism. In summary, multiple lines of evidence developed from chemical, biological, and hydrologic data demonstrate that a variety of biodegradation processes are active in this karst aquifer. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994285","usgsCitation":"Byl, T., and Williams, S.D., 2000, Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4285, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994285.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2069,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994285","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4285.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d1300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byl, Thomas Duane","contributorId":65491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"Thomas Duane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Shannon D. swilliam@usgs.gov","contributorId":4133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shannon","email":"swilliam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27321,"text":"wri994284 - 2000 - Hydrology and water quality of Little Cross Creek, Cumberland County, North Carolina, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T12:01:54","indexId":"wri994284","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4284","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Little Cross Creek, Cumberland County, North Carolina, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Little Cross Creek is a small stream located in Cumberland County, North Carolina, in the Sand Hills area of the Coastal Plain Province. From August 1996 through August 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey collected streamflow, water-quality, and time-of-travel data at 10 sites in Little Cross Creek Basin to assess ambient conditions and compute loads of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon.\r\n\r\nStreamflows in the Little Cross Creek Basin responded to climatic factors and to human activities such as water withdrawals and controlled releases from impoundments. Peak streamflows were observed during the passages of Hurricane Fran in September 1996 and Hurricane Josephine in October 1996. Streamflows generally were lowest during the summer and early fall of 1997, reflecting drought conditions associated with a prevailing El Nino. At most sites, average streamflow per unit drainage area, or yield, was higher than yields reported previously for the Sand Hills. High yields may have resulted from unidentified inputs of water to the study basins or from underestimation of the contributing drainage area.\r\n\r\nBonnie Doone Lake, Kornbow Lake, Mintz Pond, and Glenville Lake, four impoundments of Little Cross Creek, notably influence hydrology and water quality in the basin. Streamflow records indicate that these impoundments dampen peak stormflows and delay the downstream release of stormwater. Time of travel also is affected by seasonal stratification in the reservoirs. In general, sites downstream from reservoirs have lower concentrations of suspended sediment, turbidity, and total phosphorus than sites upstream from reservoirs or sites that receive stormwater runoff.\r\n\r\nFew water-quality problems were observed in the Little Cross Creek Basin for the constituents that were sampled. However, fecal coliform bacteria commonly exceeded 200 colonies per 100 milliliters at two of the seven monitored sites during the study. Relatively high concentrations of specific conductance, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen were observed in Clark Pond Creek, a tributary to Little Cross Creek.\r\n\r\nLoads and yields of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were computed for the period from October 1996 through September 1997. The highest suspended-sediment yield (230 tons per square mile per year) occurred upstream from Bonnie Doone Lake, probably because there were no impoundments upstream from this site to intercept sediment. Sediment yields at the remaining Little Cross Creek sites were low relative to yields reported from other urban basins in North Carolina. Downstream from Kornbow Lake, yields of suspended sediment (9.50 tons per square mile per year) and total phosphorus (0.011 ton per square mile per year) were very low. Clark Pond Creek had the highest yields ot total phosphorus (0.081 ton per square mile per year) and total organic carbon (11.5 tons per square mile per year). However, total phosphorus yields at all of the Little Cross Creek sites generally were lower than yields measured in other urban basins in the State.\r\n\r\nComparison of inflow and outflow loads for the four Little Cross Creek reservoirs from October 1996 through September 1997 indicated that Bonnie Doone Lake trapped 92 percent of incoming sediment and 37 percent of incoming total phosphorus. Kornbow Lake trapped 57 percent of incoming sediment and 77 percent of total phosphorus inputs. Nitrogen was not effectively trapped by any of the reservoirs. An influx of sediment, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon was noted at a site downstream from Mintz Pond, and may have resulted from stormwater discharge from the U.S. Highway 401 bypass or from additional, unidentified sources in the watershed downstream from Kornbow Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994284","usgsCitation":"Giorgino, M.J., and Middleton, T.L., 2000, Hydrology and water quality of Little Cross Creek, Cumberland County, North Carolina, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4284, vi, 78 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994284.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56189,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Cumberland County","otherGeospatial":"Little Cross Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-78.6164,35.2457],[-78.6181,35.2421],[-78.6188,35.238],[-78.6182,35.2362],[-78.6189,35.2335],[-78.6217,35.2299],[-78.6223,35.2281],[-78.6218,35.2249],[-78.6326,35.2191],[-78.6349,35.2178],[-78.6383,35.2174],[-78.6406,35.216],[-78.644,35.2106],[-78.6373,35.2101],[-78.6334,35.2087],[-78.6301,35.2055],[-78.629,35.2023],[-78.638,35.1996],[-78.6442,35.2002],[-78.6465,35.1988],[-78.6488,35.1952],[-78.646,35.192],[-78.6416,35.1902],[-78.6416,35.1874],[-78.6439,35.1838],[-78.6429,35.1793],[-78.6373,35.1774],[-78.6329,35.1737],[-78.6318,35.1696],[-78.6352,35.1678],[-78.6386,35.167],[-78.6404,35.1624],[-78.6365,35.1588],[-78.6377,35.1565],[-78.6416,35.1557],[-78.6417,35.1511],[-78.639,35.147],[-78.6402,35.1388],[-78.6415,35.1334],[-78.646,35.1303],[-78.6466,35.1289],[-78.6472,35.1267],[-78.6518,35.1231],[-78.6535,35.1213],[-78.6563,35.119],[-78.6541,35.1167],[-78.6485,35.1176],[-78.6457,35.1189],[-78.6451,35.1171],[-78.6452,35.1144],[-78.6441,35.1116],[-78.6458,35.1103],[-78.6503,35.109],[-78.6559,35.1095],[-78.6582,35.1077],[-78.6578,35.1014],[-78.6606,35.0996],[-78.6641,35.0946],[-78.6636,35.0919],[-78.6647,35.0901],[-78.6703,35.0915],[-78.6726,35.0888],[-78.6749,35.0861],[-78.6732,35.0834],[-78.6716,35.0797],[-78.6688,35.0779],[-78.6666,35.0756],[-78.6645,35.0715],[-78.6657,35.0629],[-78.663,35.0597],[-78.6625,35.0542],[-78.6598,35.051],[-78.6587,35.0482],[-78.6599,35.0415],[-78.6578,35.0382],[-78.6555,35.0355],[-78.6573,35.0328],[-78.6579,35.0305],[-78.6551,35.0282],[-78.6529,35.0259],[-78.653,35.0223],[-78.6542,35.0191],[-78.6548,35.0164],[-78.6515,35.0114],[-78.6505,35.0037],[-78.6506,34.9982],[-78.6551,34.9951],[-78.6597,34.9924],[-78.6598,34.9874],[-78.6553,34.9842],[-78.6508,34.9837],[-78.648,34.9841],[-78.6447,34.9832],[-78.6425,34.9809],[-78.6397,34.9804],[-78.6375,34.9781],[-78.6347,34.9749],[-78.6314,34.9735],[-78.627,34.9675],[-78.6231,34.9647],[-78.6192,34.962],[-78.6148,34.9606],[-78.6143,34.9569],[-78.611,34.9523],[-78.6048,34.9518],[-78.5993,34.949],[-78.5904,34.9426],[-78.586,34.9407],[-78.581,34.9379],[-78.576,34.9338],[-78.5667,34.9223],[-78.5618,34.9159],[-78.5584,34.9145],[-78.555,34.9162],[-78.5517,34.9153],[-78.5478,34.9134],[-78.5467,34.9102],[-78.5456,34.9075],[-78.548,34.9043],[-78.5502,34.9021],[-78.5475,34.8984],[-78.5431,34.8947],[-78.5397,34.8942],[-78.5348,34.8901],[-78.5309,34.8896],[-78.5281,34.8868],[-78.5271,34.8818],[-78.5232,34.8818],[-78.5192,34.8826],[-78.5182,34.8799],[-78.5193,34.8772],[-78.5205,34.8736],[-78.5178,34.8704],[-78.5162,34.8667],[-78.5128,34.8653],[-78.5101,34.8639],[-78.5078,34.863],[-78.5062,34.8611],[-78.5142,34.8521],[-78.8262,34.8525],[-78.8543,34.8455],[-78.9038,34.8369],[-78.9208,34.862],[-78.9206,34.8766],[-78.9233,34.8852],[-78.9398,34.9022],[-78.9531,34.9127],[-78.9893,34.9317],[-79.0373,34.9548],[-79.0366,34.9639],[-79.0476,34.9812],[-79.0475,34.9907],[-79.0674,35.0127],[-79.0774,35.0209],[-79.0824,35.0269],[-79.0846,35.0287],[-79.0868,35.0319],[-79.088,35.0324],[-79.0924,35.0356],[-79.0952,35.0392],[-79.0951,35.0424],[-79.0974,35.0452],[-79.0984,35.0484],[-79.0979,35.0493],[-79.0978,35.0524],[-79.0972,35.0624],[-79.0954,35.0692],[-79.0947,35.0756],[-79.0969,35.0792],[-79.098,35.0856],[-79.0974,35.0883],[-79.1019,35.0911],[-79.1052,35.0933],[-79.1041,35.0956],[-79.104,35.0997],[-79.1062,35.1034],[-79.1073,35.1074],[-79.109,35.1097],[-79.1078,35.1129],[-79.1089,35.1147],[-79.1139,35.1193],[-79.0992,35.1777],[-79.0985,35.1859],[-79.0962,35.1922],[-79.0415,35.2041],[-78.9952,35.2141],[-78.9705,35.2112],[-78.9467,35.2183],[-78.9389,35.2177],[-78.9366,35.2191],[-78.9349,35.22],[-78.9326,35.2213],[-78.927,35.2222],[-78.9253,35.2217],[-78.923,35.2212],[-78.9174,35.2234],[-78.9151,35.2248],[-78.9112,35.2256],[-78.9033,35.2274],[-78.8999,35.2269],[-78.8982,35.2264],[-78.8959,35.2278],[-78.8937,35.2287],[-78.892,35.2286],[-78.8903,35.2282],[-78.8863,35.229],[-78.8846,35.2304],[-78.8789,35.2371],[-78.8789,35.2385],[-78.8783,35.2417],[-78.876,35.2426],[-78.8737,35.2439],[-78.872,35.2434],[-78.8704,35.2434],[-78.8687,35.2416],[-78.867,35.2411],[-78.8647,35.2425],[-78.863,35.2438],[-78.8608,35.2447],[-78.8585,35.246],[-78.8562,35.2474],[-78.8545,35.2483],[-78.8517,35.2509],[-78.85,35.2523],[-78.8443,35.2527],[-78.8421,35.2527],[-78.8387,35.2517],[-78.837,35.2517],[-78.8347,35.2531],[-78.8308,35.2553],[-78.8279,35.258],[-78.8262,35.2589],[-78.8239,35.2602],[-78.8223,35.2602],[-78.8206,35.2597],[-78.8183,35.2593],[-78.8155,35.2574],[-78.8133,35.2569],[-78.8116,35.2569],[-78.8099,35.2583],[-78.807,35.261],[-78.8054,35.2605],[-78.8031,35.2614],[-78.803,35.2632],[-78.8002,35.2654],[-78.7985,35.2654],[-78.7951,35.2649],[-78.7935,35.2645],[-78.7918,35.2644],[-78.7901,35.264],[-78.7851,35.2616],[-78.7828,35.2616],[-78.7811,35.2612],[-78.7794,35.2625],[-78.7772,35.262],[-78.7755,35.2615],[-78.7744,35.2602],[-78.7727,35.2583],[-78.771,35.2579],[-78.7688,35.2592],[-78.7665,35.2605],[-78.7665,35.2619],[-78.7659,35.2633],[-78.7619,35.2641],[-78.7586,35.2623],[-78.7575,35.2604],[-78.7558,35.26],[-78.7535,35.2613],[-78.7513,35.2626],[-78.7473,35.2635],[-78.7439,35.263],[-78.7422,35.2626],[-78.7406,35.2607],[-78.7389,35.2607],[-78.7349,35.2616],[-78.7332,35.2625],[-78.7326,35.2643],[-78.7304,35.2652],[-78.7281,35.2665],[-78.7264,35.266],[-78.7253,35.2646],[-78.7242,35.2615],[-78.7226,35.2596],[-78.7159,35.2568],[-78.7142,35.2564],[-78.7108,35.2559],[-78.7086,35.2558],[-78.7029,35.2562],[-78.6164,35.2457]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cumberland\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giorgino, Mary J.","contributorId":55862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Terry L.","contributorId":28999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27992,"text":"wri004052 - 2000 - Effects of alternative Missouri River management plans on ground-water levels in the lower Missouri River flood plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri004052","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4052","title":"Effects of alternative Missouri River management plans on ground-water levels in the lower Missouri River flood plain","docAbstract":"In 1998, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) proposed eight Alternative River Management Plans (ARMPs) for managing reservoir levels and water-release rates for the Missouri River. The plans include the Current Water Control Plan (CWCP), Conservation 18, 31, and 44 (C18, C31, and C44) that provide different levels of water conservation in the reservoirs during droughts, Fish and Wildlife 10, 15, and 20 (FW10, FW15, and FW20) that vary water-release rates to provide additional fish and wildlife benefits, and Mississippi River 66 (M66) that maintains a 66,000 cubic feet per second discharge at St. Louis to provide navigation support for the Mississippi River. Releases from Gavin?s Point Dam affect both the lower 1,305 kilometers of the Missouri River and ground-water levels in the lower Missouri River flood plain. Changes in the magnitude and timing of ground-water-level fluctuations in response to changes in river management could impact agriculture, urban development, and wetland hydrology along the lower Missouri River flood plain. This study compared simulated ground-water altitude and depth to ground water for the CWCP in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near the Kansas City area between 1970 and 1980 with each ARMP, determined the average change in simulated ground-water level for selected river-stage flood pulses at selected distances from the river, and compared simulated flood pulse, ground-water responses with actual flood pulse, and ground-water responses measured in wells located at three sites along the lower Missouri River flood plain.For the model area, the percent total shallow ground-water area (depth to ground water less than 0.3048 meter) is similar for each ARMP because of overall similarities in river flow between ARMPs. The percent total shallow ground-water area for C18 is the most similar to CWCP followed by C31, M66, C44, FW10, FW15, and FW20. ARMPs C18, C31, C44, and M66 do not cause large changes in the percent shallow ground-water area when compared to CWCP. FW10 and FW15 each cause a spring increase and a summer decrease in the shallow ground-water area. FW20 has a larger spring increase in the shallow ground-water area, but the largest decrease is delayed into November. Analysis of daily changes between the ARMPs indicate large differences can exist in both duration and extent of shallow ground-water areas.A series of 12 flood pulses of 0.5-, 1-, and 3-meters in magnitude and 1-, 8-, 32-, and 128-days in duration were simulated using the ground-water flow model. A ground-water response factor (GWRF, defined as the change in ground-water level at a known distance from the river, at a specified time after the beginning of a flood pulse divided by the magnitude of the flood pulse) was determined daily for selected distances from the river. The GWRF multiplied by the magnitude of the flood pulse can be used to estimate the change in ground-water level at a known time after the beginning of a flood pulse for a known distance from the river. Flood-pulse simulation results indicate the relatively small impact on ground-water levels of small river-stage fluctuations of short duration as might occur daily or weekly. The larger impact on ground-water levels from larger river-stage increases of longer duration indicate the importance of river management flow releases, seasonal changes in river flow, and the effects of continuous high-river stage for long periods on ground-water levels of the lower Missouri River flood plain.A comparison of model results to well hydrographs from three areas along the lower Missouri River flood plain was used to determine how closely the simulated GWRFs matched the measured GWRFs for similar flood pulses and the transferability of GWRFs to other parts of the lower Missouri River flood plain. The comparison between the measured and simulated ground-water responses indicate that the simulated ground-water responses can provide a reasonable estimate of the ground-water resp","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004052","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., 2000, Effects of alternative Missouri River management plans on ground-water levels in the lower Missouri River flood plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4052, vi, 128 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004052.","productDescription":"vi, 128 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2233,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mo.water.usgs.gov/indep/kelly/MORvrmgmt_plans/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624acd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30573,"text":"wri004053 - 2000 - Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in stream sediment and aquatic biota—initial results from the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T10:48:13","indexId":"wri004053","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000–4053","title":"Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in stream sediment and aquatic biota—initial results from the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–1995","docAbstract":"<p>One of the goals of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is to assess the status and trends in the nation's water quality and to understand the natural and anthropogenic factors that affect water-quality conditions. This report summarizes the occurrence and distribution of 33 organochlorine compounds in fluvial bed sediment and aquatic biota (whole freshwater fish and freshwater bivalves) sampled by NAWQA investigations between 1991 and 1994. These include historically used insecticides (DDT and metabolites, chlordane and its various components, and dieldrin), some currently used pesticides (permethrin and dacthal) and some industrial chemicals and byproducts (PCBs and hexaclorobenzene). Samples were collected at approximately 500 sites in 19 large hydrologic basins throughout the United States. Contaminant levels in bed sediment and aquatic biota are summarized, first on a national basis, and then by land-use classification (for example, urban, cropland, pasture and rangeland, and forest). Nationally, detection frequencies are highest in sediment and biota for the more persistent organochlorine compounds: total DDT, total chlordane, dieldrin, and total PCBs. Organochlorine compounds were detected more frequently in whole fish than in bivalves or bed sediment. Organochlorine pesticide concentrations were relatively high in agricultural regions with histories of high use. The highest organochlorine compound concentrations in both sediment and biota generally were associated with urban areas. Some organochlorine concentrations in sediment exceeded guidelines for the protection of aquatic organisms. A screening-level comparison of measured organochlorine concentrations in whole fish was made with human health guidelines that are applicable to edible fish. This comparison indicates stream sites at which additional sampling of game fish fillets may be warranted, depending on local patterns of fish consumption. A comparison of current national contaminant levels with previous studies of this scope suggests a gradual decrease in organochlorine contaminant levels, at least in fish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wri004053","usgsCitation":"Wong, C.S., Capel, P.D., and Nowell, L.H., 2000, Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in stream sediment and aquatic biota—initial results from the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000–4053, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004053.","productDescription":"95 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4053/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":286766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4053/wri20004053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4053"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:gs-w_nawqa_whq@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:gs-w_nawqa_whq@usgs.gov\">National Water-Quality Assessment Program</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>413 National Center<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, Virginia 20192<br><a href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/\" data-mce-href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/\">https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Study Design and Methods</li><li>National Overview</li><li>Effect of Land Use on Organochlorine Concentrations</li><li>Long-Term Trends</li><li>Significance to Ecosystems and Human Health</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Charles S.","contributorId":51239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25670,"text":"wri994283 - 2000 - Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T11:52:37","indexId":"wri994283","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4283","title":"Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina","docAbstract":"Overlay and index methods were derived for rating the unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics for use by the State of North Carolina in assessing more than 11,000 public water-supply wells and approximately 245 public surface-water intakes. The rating of the unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics represents a practical and effective means of assessing part of the inherent vulnerability of water supplies to potential contamination. Factors that influence the inherent vulnerability of the drinking water supply to potential contamination were selected and assigned ratings (on a scale of 1 to 10) to cover the possible range of values in North Carolina. These factors were assigned weights of 1, 2, or 3 to reflect their relative influence on the inherent vulnerability of the drinking water supply. The factor values were obtained from Geographic Information System data layers, and were transformed into grids having 60-meter by 60-meter cells, with each cell being assigned a value.\r\n\r\nIdentification of factors, the development of ratings for each, and assignment of weights were based on (1) a literature search, which included examination of potential factors and their effects on the drinking water; and (2) consultation with experts in the science and engineering of hydrology, geology, forestry, agriculture, and water management.\r\n\r\nFactors selected for rating the inherent vulnerability of the unsaturated zone are vertical hydraulic conductance, land-surface slope, land cover, and land use. Vertical hydraulic conductance is a measure of the capacity of unsaturated material to transmit water. Land-surface slope influences whether precipitation runs off land surfaces or infiltrates into the subsurface. Land cover, the physical overlay of the land surface, influences the amount of precipitation that becomes overland flow or infiltrates into the subsurface. Land use describes activities that occur on the land surface and influence the potential generation of nonpoint-source contamination.\r\n\r\nFactors selected for rating the watershed characteristics upstream from surface-water intakes are average annual precipitation, land-surface slope, land cover, land use, and ground-water contribution. The average annual precipitation represents the mass of water that becomes available for transport in a watershed. Land-surface slope, land cover, and land use have similar influences in watersheds as those identified for the unsaturated zone. Ground-water contribution represents the part of streamflow that is derived from ground-water discharge.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994283","usgsCitation":"Eimers, J., Weaver, J., Terziotti, S., and Midgette, R., 2000, Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4283, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994283.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1957,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bfe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eimers, Jo Leslie","contributorId":52946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"Jo Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, J.C.","contributorId":50561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Midgette, R.W.","contributorId":44955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midgette","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":23764,"text":"ofr2000185 - 2000 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant Superfund Site, Adams County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T20:46:57.544871","indexId":"ofr2000185","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-185","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant Superfund Site, Adams County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Ground water in Triassic-age sedimentary fractured-rock aquifers in the area of Gettysburg, Pa., is used as drinking water and for industrial and commercial supply. In 1983, ground water at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant was found by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources to be contaminated with trichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and other synthetic organic compounds. As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 1980 process, a Remedial Investigation was completed in July 1991, a method of site remediation was issued in the Record of Decision dated June 1992, and a Final Design Report was completed in May 1997. In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the hydrogeologic assessment of the site remediation, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study in 1997 to determine the effects of the onsite and offsite extraction wells on ground-water flow and contaminant migration from the Gettysburg Elevator Plant. This determination is based on hydrologic and geophysical data collected from 1991 to 1998 and on results of numerical model simulations of the local ground-water flow-system.\r\n\r\nThe Gettysburg Elevator Site is underlain by red, green, gray, and black shales of the Heidlersburg Member of the Gettysburg Formation. Correlation of natural-gamma logs indicates the sedimentary rock strike about N. 23 degrees E. and dip about 23 degrees NW. Depth to bedrock onsite commonly is about 6 feet but offsite may be as deep as 40 feet.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water system consists of two zones?a thin, shallow zone composed of soil, clay, and highly weathered bedrock and a thicker, nonweathered or fractured bedrock zone. The shallow zone overlies the bedrock zone and truncates the dipping beds parallel to land surface. Diabase dikes are barriers to ground-water flow in the bedrock zone. The ground-water system is generally confined or semi-confined, even at shallow depths.\r\n\r\nDepth to water can range from flowing at land surface to more than 71 feet below land surface. Potentiometric maps based on measured water levels at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant indicate ground water flows from west to east, towards Rock Creek. Multiple-well aquifer tests indicate the system is heterogeneous and flow is primarily in dipping beds that contain discrete secondary openings separated by less permeable beds. Water levels in wells open to the pumped bed, as projected along the dipping stratigraphy, are drawn down more than water levels in wells not open to the pumped bed.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow was simulated for steady-state conditions prior to pumping and long-term average pumping conditions. The three-dimensional numerical flow model (MODFLOW) was calibrated by use of a parameter estimation program (MODFLOWP). Steady-state conditions were assumed for the calibration period of 1996. An effective areal recharge rate of 7 inches was used in model calibration. The calibrated flow model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the current onsite and offsite extraction well system. The simulation results generally indicate that the extraction system effectively captures much of the ground-water recharge at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant and, hence, contaminated ground-water migrating from the site. Some of the extraction wells pump at low rates and have very small contributing areas. Results indicate some areal recharge onsite will move to offsite extraction wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., Goode, D., and Risser, D.W., 2000, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant Superfund Site, Adams County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-185, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000185.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":406040,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30032.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Adams County","otherGeospatial":"Gettysburg Elevator Plant Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.25,\n              39.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.208,\n              39.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.208,\n              39.883\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25,\n              39.883\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25,\n              39.833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Low, Dennis J. djlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Dennis","email":"djlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5025,"text":"fs13500 - 2000 - Nitrogen in the Mississippi Basin--Estimating sources and predicting flux to the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:20:36","indexId":"fs13500","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"135-00","displayTitle":"Nitrogen in the Mississippi Basin - Estimating Sources and Predicting Flux to the Gulf of Mexico","title":"Nitrogen in the Mississippi Basin--Estimating sources and predicting flux to the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs13500","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 2000, Nitrogen in the Mississippi Basin--Estimating sources and predicting flux to the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 135-00, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13500.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7646,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fact-sheets/fs.135-00.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31854,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":303,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/fact-sheets/fs.135-00.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.49316406249999,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.328125,\n              46.86019101567027\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              46.042735653846506\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.712890625,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1640625,\n              43.99281450048989\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.1533203125,\n              42.61779143282346\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.021484375,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69727d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29008,"text":"wri994227 - 2000 - A field guide for the assessment of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition in incised channels of the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-15T09:03:55","indexId":"wri994227","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4227","title":"A field guide for the assessment of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition in incised channels of the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Deeply incised channels, commonly called arroyos, are a typical feature of the dry alluvium-filled valleys of the southwestern United States. Unlike many geological processes that operate over millions of years, the formation of many miles of arroyos is one that took place in a little more than a century. Most arroyos in the region began to form in the late 19th century. Because dry landscapes change so quickly, they present society with special problems. Rapid expansion of channels by headcut migration, deepening, and widening causes loss of productive agricultural and commercial lands and threatens infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings. High rates of sedimentation shorten the life of reservoirs, clog culverts, and fill stream channels to the extent that they can no longer contain streamflow within their banks.</p><p>This report presents an explanation of erosional and depositional processes in desert landscapes, especially those characterized by incised channels, for the use of those who use, manage, and live on such lands. The basic principles of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition are presented including the formation of sediment, the forces that erode and transport it, the forces that resist its erosion and transport, and the conditions that cause it to be deposited. The peculiarities of sedimentation processes in the Southwest include the infrequent and variable precipitation, the geological setting, and the sparseness of vegetation.</p><p>A classification system for incised channels that is intended for users who do not necessarily have a background in fluvial hydrology has been developed and is presented in this report. The classification system is intended to enable a user to classify a reach of channel quickly on the basis of field observations. The system is based on the shape and condition of channels and on the sedimentation processes that are predominantly responsible for those conditions. Because those processes are controlled by environmental factors operating on the entire drainage basin, classification of channels can provide land managers and users with an understanding of what areas are likely to be most susceptible to erosion or the effects of high sedimentation rates and under what conditions they are most likely to occur. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.T., 2000, A field guide for the assessment of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition in incised channels of the southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4227, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994227.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371248,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4227/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27042,"text":"wri994234 - 2000 - Characterization of water quality and simulation of temperature, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen in the Wateree River, South Carolina, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-13T20:44:18.369204","indexId":"wri994234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4234","title":"Characterization of water quality and simulation of temperature, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen in the Wateree River, South Carolina, 1996-98","docAbstract":"<p>In May 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey entered into a cooperative agreement with the Kershaw County Water and Sewer Authority to characterize and simulate the water quality in the Wateree River, South Carolina. Longitudinal profiling of dissolved-oxygen concentrations during the spring and summer of 1996 revealed dissolved-oxygen minimums occurring upstream from the point-source discharges. The mean dissolved-oxygen decrease upstream from the effluent discharges was 2.0 milligrams per liter, and the decrease downstream from the effluent discharges was 0.2 milligram per liter. Several theories were investigated to obtain an improved understanding of the dissolved-oxygen dynamics in the upper Wateree River. Data suggest that the dissolved-oxygen concentration decrease is associated with elevated levels of oxygen-consuming nutrients and metals that are flowing into the Wateree River from Lake Wateree. </p><p>Analysis of long-term streamflow and water-quality data collected at two U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations suggests that no strong correlation exists between streamflow and dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Wateree River. However, a strong negative correlation does exist between dissolved-oxygen concentrations and water temperature. Analysis of data from six South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control monitoring stations for 1980.95 revealed decreasing trends in ammonia nitrogen at all stations where data were available and decreasing trends in 5-day biochemical oxygen demand at three river stations. </p><p>The influence of various hydrologic and point-source loading conditions on dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Wateree River were determined by using results from water-quality simulations by the Branched Lagrangian Transport Model. The effects of five tributaries and four point-source discharges were included in the model. Data collected during two synoptic water-quality samplings on June 23.25 and August 11.13, 1997, were used to calibrate and validate the Branched Lagrangian Transport Model. The data include dye-tracer concentrations collected at six locations, stream-reaeration data collected at four locations, and water-quality and water-temperature data collected at nine locations. Hydraulic data for the Branched Lagrangian Transport Model were simulated by using the U.S. Geological Survey BRANCH one-dimensional, unsteady-flow model. Data that were used to calibrate and validate the BRANCH model included time-series of water-level and streamflow data at three locations. The domain of the hydraulic model and the transport model was a 57.3- and 43.5-mile reach of the river, respectively. </p><p>A sensitivity analysis of the simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations to model coefficients and data inputs indicated that the simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations were most sensitive to changes in the boundary concentration inputs of water temperature and dissolved oxygen followed by sensitivity to the change in streamflow. A 35-percent increase in streamflow resulted in a negative normalized sensitivity index, indicating a decrease in dissolved-oxygen concentrations. The simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations showed no significant sensitivity to changes in model input rate kinetics. </p><p>To demonstrate the utility of the Branched Lagrangian Transport Model of the Wateree River, the model was used to simulate several hydrologic and water-quality scenarios to evaluate the effects on simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations. The first scenario compared the 24-hour mean dissolved-oxygen concentrations for August 13, 1997, as simulated during the model validation, with simulations using two different streamflow patterns. The mean streamflow for August 13, 1997, was 2,000 cubic feet per second. Simulations were run using mean streamflows of 1,000 and 1,400 cubic feet per second while keeping the water-quality boundary conditions the same as were used during the validation simulations.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994234","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., and Conrads, P., 2000, Characterization of water quality and simulation of temperature, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen in the Wateree River, South Carolina, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4234, vi, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994234.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411915,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25647.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55923,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4234/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4234/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Catabwa-Wateree River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-81.7657470703125,35.567980458012094],[-81.8756103515625,35.536696378395035],[-82.0074462890625,35.572448615622804],[-82.0623779296875,35.585851593232356],[-82.16812133789062,35.54060755592023],[-82.22579956054688,35.59255224089235],[-82.24159240722656,35.65729624809628],[-82.20794677734374,35.74818410650582],[-82.08915710449219,35.801664652427895],[-82.02598571777344,35.81001773806242],[-81.96418762207031,35.821153818963175],[-81.95594787597656,35.92019610057511],[-81.95182800292969,35.98078444581272],[-81.903076171875,36.053540128339755],[-81.8536376953125,36.05798104702501],[-81.76712036132812,36.055760619006755],[-81.71905517578125,36.04021586880111],[-81.66824340820312,35.98245135784044],[-81.5679931640625,35.9157474194997],[-81.31393432617188,35.95911138558121],[-81.26998901367188,36.03244234269516],[-81.19171142578125,36.0779620797358],[-81.08322143554688,36.06353184297193],[-80.79620361328125,35.89350026142572],[-80.71929931640624,35.69299463209881],[-80.7275390625,35.53110865111194],[-80.69869995117188,35.43381992014202],[-80.70556640625,35.34425514918409],[-80.80718994140625,35.15584570226544],[-80.81268310546874,34.95349314197422],[-80.771484375,34.89494244739732],[-80.71105957031249,34.65467425162703],[-80.68084716796875,34.51787261401661],[-80.52978515625,34.35704160076073],[-80.4583740234375,34.23905366851639],[-80.518798828125,34.03900467904445],[-80.496826171875,33.88865750124075],[-80.60394287109375,33.75060604160645],[-80.71998596191406,33.82992730179868],[-80.74745178222656,34.05209051767928],[-80.83328247070312,34.27083595165],[-80.8971405029297,34.3201881768449],[-80.98915100097656,34.40634314091266],[-81.04133605957031,34.487881874939866],[-81.10588073730469,34.710009159224946],[-81.12167358398438,34.84311278917537],[-81.16905212402344,35.07271701786369],[-81.15669250488281,35.18222692831516],[-81.12373352050781,35.25627309169437],[-81.12648010253906,35.460669951495305],[-81.2384033203125,35.567980458012094],[-81.3922119140625,35.58138418324621],[-81.595458984375,35.59925232772949],[-81.7657470703125,35.567980458012094]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c6b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28195,"text":"wri984167 - 2000 - Hydrogeologic framework, water levels, and trichloroethylene contamination, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1993-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T06:20:23","indexId":"wri984167","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4167","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, water levels, and trichloroethylene contamination, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1993-97","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984167","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., 2000, Hydrogeologic framework, water levels, and trichloroethylene contamination, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1993-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4167, xii, 139 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984167.","productDescription":"xii, 139 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4167/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Trenton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.81895446777344,\n              40.16759303614659\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.68437194824219,\n              40.16759303614659\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.68437194824219,\n              40.250708250511416\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81895446777344,\n              40.250708250511416\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81895446777344,\n              40.16759303614659\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6279c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68032,"text":"ha746B - 2000 - Geohydrology of the shallow aquifers in the Fort Collins-Loveland area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-07T11:45:22","indexId":"ha746B","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"746","chapter":"B","title":"Geohydrology of the shallow aquifers in the Fort Collins-Loveland area, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Urban areas commonly rely on ground water for at least part of the municipal water supply, and as population increases, urban areas expand and require larger volumes of water. However, the expansion of an urban area can reduce ground-water availability. This may occur through processes of depletion (withdrawal of most of the available ground water), degradation (chemicals used in the urban area seep into the ground and contaminate the ground water), and preemption (cost or restrictions on pumping ground water from under extensively urbanized areas may be prohibitive). Thus, a vital natural resource needed to support the growth of an urban area and its infrastructure can become less available because of growth itself.</p>\n<p>The diminished availability of natural resources caused by expansion of urban areas is not unique to water resources. For example, large volumes of aggregate (sand and gravel) are used in concrete and asphalt to build and maintain the infrastructure (buildings, roads, airports, and so forth) of an urban area. Yet, mining of aggregate commonly is preempted by urban expansion; for example, it cannot be mined from under a subdivision. Energy resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas likewise are critical to the growth and existence of an urban area but may become less available as an urban area expands and preempts mining and drilling.</p>\n<p>In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey began work on a national initiative designed to provide information on the availability of those natural resources (water, minerals, energy, and biota) that are critical to maintaining the Nation's infrastructure or that may become less available because of urban expansion. The initiative began with a 3-year demonstration project to develop procedures for assessing resources and methods for interpreting and publishing information in digital and traditional paper formats. The Front Range urban corridor of Colorado was chosen as the demonstration area (fig. 1), and the project was titled the Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project (FRIRP). This report and those of Robson (1996), Robson and others (1998), and Robson and others (2000a, 2000b, 2000c) are the results of FRIRP water-resources investigations; reports pertaining to geology, minerals, energy, biota, and cartography of the FRIRP are published separately. The waterresources studies of the FRIRP were undertaken in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources, and the Colorado Water Conservation Board.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha746B","isbn":"0607953500","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., Arnold, L.R., and Heiny, J.S., 2000, Geohydrology of the shallow aquifers in the Fort Collins-Loveland area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 746, 5 maps :col. ;97 x 60 cm., on sheets 115 x 92 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha746B.","productDescription":"5 maps :col. ;97 x 60 cm., on sheets 115 x 92 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91831,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746b/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89275,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89276,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89277,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746b/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89278,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746b/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"50000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.18333333333334,40.350833333333334 ], [ -105.18333333333334,40.75 ], [ -104.86749999999999,40.75 ], [ -104.86749999999999,40.350833333333334 ], [ -105.18333333333334,40.350833333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, Stanley G.","contributorId":73187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. R.","contributorId":92738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heiny, Janet S.","contributorId":93468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiny","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68034,"text":"ha746A - 2000 - Geohydrology of the shallow aquifers in the Greeley-Nunn area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:11:52","indexId":"ha746A","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"746","chapter":"A","title":"Geohydrology of the shallow aquifers in the Greeley-Nunn area, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Urban areas commonly rely on ground water for at least part of the municipal water supply, and as population increases, urban areas expand and require larger volumes of water. However, the expansion of an urban area can reduce ground-water availability. This may occur through processes of depletion (withdrawal of most of the available ground water), degradation (chemicals used in the urban area seep into the ground and contaminate the ground water), and preemption (cost or restrictions on pumping ground water from under extensively urbanized areas may be prohibitive). Thus, a vital natural resource needed to support the growth of an urban area and its infrastructure can become less available because of growth itself.<br />The diminished availability of natural resources caused by expansion of urban areas is not unique to water resources. For example, large volumes of aggregate (sand and gravel) are used in concrete and asphalt to build and maintain the infrastructure (buildings, roads, airports, and so forth) of an urban area. Yet, mining of aggregate commonly is preempted by urban expansion; for example, it cannot be mined from under a subdivision. Energy resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas likewise are critical to the growth and vitality of an urban area but may become less available as an urban area expands and preempts mining and drilling.<br />In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey began work on a national initiative designed to provide information on the availability of those natural resources (water, minerals, energy, and biota) that are critical to maintaining the Nation's infrastructure or that may become less available because of urban expansion. The initiative began with a 3-year demonstration project to develop procedures for assessing resources and methods for interpreting and publishing information in digital and traditional paper formats. The Front Range urban corridor of Colorado was chosen as the demonstration area (fig. 1), and the project was titled the Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project (FRIRP). This report and those of Robson (1996), Robson and others (1998), and Robson and others (2000a, 2000b, 2000c) are the results of FRIRP water-resources investigations; reports pertaining to geology, minerals, energy, biota, and cartography of the FRIRP are published separately. The water resources studies of the FRIRP were undertaken in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources. and the Colorado Water Conservation Board.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha746A","isbn":"0607953519","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., Arnold, L.R., and Heiny, J.S., 2000, Geohydrology of the shallow aquifers in the Greeley-Nunn area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 746, 5 maps :col. ;97 x 60 cm., on sheets 115 x 92 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha746A.","productDescription":"5 maps :col. ;97 x 60 cm., on sheets 115 x 92 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89283,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89284,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89285,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89286,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89287,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/746a/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"50000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.86749999999999,40.36666666666667 ], [ -104.86749999999999,40.75 ], [ -104.61666666666666,40.75 ], [ -104.61666666666666,40.36666666666667 ], [ -104.86749999999999,40.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, Stanley G.","contributorId":73187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. R.","contributorId":92738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heiny, Janet S.","contributorId":93468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiny","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21892,"text":"ofr00168 - 2000 - Interaction between ground water and surface water in the northern Everglades and relation to water budget and mercury cycling; study methods and appendixes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T11:36:57.1596","indexId":"ofr00168","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-168","title":"Interaction between ground water and surface water in the northern Everglades and relation to water budget and mercury cycling; study methods and appendixes","docAbstract":"The data presented in this report are products of an investigation that quantified interactions between ground water and surface water at several study sites in the northern Everglades. Goals included identifying the major geologic controls and human alterations that affect interactions between ground water and surface water, and determining how those interactions affect mercury contamination. The primary study area was the 3,815-acre Everglades Nutrient Removal (ENR), a wetland constructed in the early 1990s as a prototype Stormwater Treatment Area (STA), to determine the effectiveness in removing excess nutrients from agricultural drainage. In order to ensure that results from ENR are broadly informative, work was also conducted in Water Conservation Area-2A (WCA-2A), a 105,000-acre basin surrounded by levees. In the past 50 years, WCA-2A has experienced extensive re- engineering of water flow, alterations in the pattern of water-level fluctuations and timing of fire frequency, as well as substantial ecological changes. The most visible ecological alteration is the change in dominance over the past 30 years from a sawgrass wetland to cattail wetland in the northeastern part of WCA-2A. The drastic change in vegetation in WCA-2A resulted at least in part from inputs of excess phosphorus from agricultural drainage. \r\n\r\nSubstantial data collection programs were already in progress in both ENR and WCA- 2A when the present work began. The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) constructed the ENR project in 1994 to determine the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for water treatment. Measurements of surface water flow and water quality were made frequently in ENR between 1994 and 1998. Fewer ground water data were collected at ENR, and almost all of it was collected from shallow wells emplaced on perimeter levees. In contrast to the short-term nature of data collection in ENR, hydrologic and chemical data were collected over a much longer period in WCA-2A (since at least the mid- 1970s), but the number of sites and data- collection frequency is much less. Very little prior ground water data were available in WCA-2A. \r\n\r\nGiven the availability of prior information, the present study emphasized the collection of ground water field data, particularly in the interior wetland areas of ENR and WCA- 2A. New wells were emplaced to permit the geologic, hydraulic, and chemical sampling that was needed to characterize interactions between surface water and ground water. In particular, lithology and hydraulic properties of the Surficial aquifer were determined, ground water flow paths and velocities were delineated, hydrologic fluxes between surface water and ground water were measured, and water budgets and surface- subsurface fluxes of mercury were determined. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to compile under one cover all of the data collected in this investigation. In addition, the report contains a detailed description of the study methods and information about study sites, borehole drilling, well construction, seepage meter installation, and hydraulic and geochemical chemical sampling. Data interpretations are the subject of a companion report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00168","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Krupa, S., Gefvert, C., Choi, J., Mooney, R.H., and Giddings, J., 2000, Interaction between ground water and surface water in the northern Everglades and relation to water budget and mercury cycling; study methods and appendixes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-168, xiv, 395 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00168.","productDescription":"xiv, 395 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51382,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0168/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"102 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-168"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.9580078125,\n              25.025884063244828\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              25.025884063244828\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              26.912273826625587\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9580078125,\n              26.912273826625587\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9580078125,\n              25.025884063244828\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0da9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krupa, S.L.","contributorId":17265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krupa","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gefvert, C.J.","contributorId":49394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gefvert","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, Jungyill","contributorId":70792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jungyill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mooney, R. H.","contributorId":95504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giddings, J.B.","contributorId":50932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":25776,"text":"wri994139 - 2000 - Sources, instream transport, and trends of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment in the lower Tennessee River basin, 1980-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T19:55:56.107022","indexId":"wri994139","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4139","title":"Sources, instream transport, and trends of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment in the lower Tennessee River basin, 1980-96","docAbstract":"<div><p class=\"AbstractBody\">In 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an assessment of the lower Tennessee River Basin as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Existing nutrient and sediment data from 1980 to 1996 were compiled, screened, and interpreted to estimate watershed inputs from nutrient sources, provide a general description of the distribution and transport of nutrients and sediments in surface water, and evaluate trends in nutrient and sediment concentrations in the lower Tennessee (LTEN) River Basin.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">Nitrogen inputs from major sources varied widely among tributary basins in the LTEN River Basin. Point source wastewater discharges contributed between 0 and 0.61 tons per square mile per year [(tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr]. Of the nonpoint sources of nitrogen for which inputs were estimated (atmospheric deposition, nitrogen fixation, fertilizer application, and livestock waste) livestock waste contributed the largest input in about two-thirds (7 out of 11) of the tributary basins, and fertilizer application contributed the largest input in the remaining 4 basins. Nitrogen input from fertilizer application was the most variable spatially among the nonpoint sources of nitrogen, ranging from 1.5 to 23 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr. Atmospheric deposition estimates varied the least from basin to basin, ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr. Estimates of nitrogen input from livestock waste ranged between 2.0 to 13 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr. The percentage of the input from each of these nonpoint sources that entered the surface-water system is not known.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">Wastewater discharge contributed between 0 and 0.14 (ton/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr of phosphorus to tributary basins. Livestock waste contributed most of the input in 8 out of the 11 basins, and fertilizer application contributed the most in the remaining 3 basins. Estimates of phosphorus input for fertilizer application ranged from 0.35 to 5.1 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr and from 0.62 to 4.3 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr from livestock waste.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">Reservoirs on the main stem of the Tennessee River and on the Duck and Elk Rivers affect nutrient transport because hydrodynamic conditions in the reservoirs promote assimilation by aquatic plants and deposition of particulate matter. Observed decreases in total nitrite plus nitrate and dissolved-orthophosphorus concentrations in reservoirs or at sites downstream of reservoirs during summer months were probably related to seasonality of plant growth.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">Nutrient and sediment data used to estimate annual instream loads and yields were compiled from various water-quality monitoring programs and represent the best available data in the LTEN River Basin, but these data have several characteristics that limit accuracy of load estimates. Many of the monitoring programs were not designed with the objective of annual load estimation, and data representing storm transport are, therefore, sparse; sampling and analytical methods varied through time and among the monitoring programs, hampering spatial and temporal comparisons. The load estimates computed from these data are useful for evaluating broad spatial patterns of instream load, and comparisons of instream load to inputs, but may not be sufficiently accurate for local-scale evaluations of water quality.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">Estimates of the mean annual instream load of total nitrogen entering (Chattanooga, Tenn.) and leaving (Paducah, Ky.) the LTEN River Basin were 29,000 and 60,000 tons per year (tons/yr), respectively. These estimates represent a gain of 31,000 tons/yr, on average, across the area (18,930 mi<sup>2</sup>) between these inlet and outlet sites. The sum of the mean annual instream load from gaged tributaries to the main stem within the study unit was 14,000 tons/yr; however, this number cannot be directly compared with the gain between the inlet and outlet sites because (1) the gaged area represents only 30 percent of the total area and (2) the period of record at many tributary sites did not correspond with the period of record at the inlet or outlet sites.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">Estimates of mean annual instream load of total phosphorus at the inlet and outlet sites of the LTEN River Basin were 1,300 and 5,000 tons/yr, respectively, representing a gain of 3,700 tons/yr, on average, across the study unit. The sum of the gaged tributary load, representing only 28 percent of the area contributing to the main stem, was 4,300 tons/yr. Although this number cannot be closely compared with the gain throughout the study unit, for the same reasons given for total nitrogen, a general comparison suggests that the main stem of the Tennessee River and the tributary embayments along the main stem function as a sink for total phosphorus, removing a substantial amount from the water column through deposition or assimilation.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">The estimates of inputs can be compared and correlated with yields (area-normalized instream loads); significant correlations between estimates of inputs and yields might be useful as predictive tools for instream water quality where monitoring data are not available. Yields of nitrogen correlated moderately well with inputs from nonpoint sources, based on 1992 estimates. Nitrogen yield was highest [3.5 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr] for Town Creek, for which the balance of nonpoint-source inputs to agricultural lands (fertilizer application plus nitrogen fixation plus livestock waste minus harvest) was also the highest [15 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr]. Nitrogen yield was low [1.0 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr] for the Buffalo River, for which the balance of agricultural nonpoint-source input was correspondingly low [3.2 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr, the second lowest]. Correlation of wastewater discharge with yield was poor, and contrasted with the significant correlation between wastewater discharge and median nitrogen concentration during low streamflow. The poor correlation between wastewater discharge and annual yield was expected, however, as wastewater discharge is a small fraction compared with annual yield.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">In contrast with nitrogen, phosphorus yield did not correlate well with any estimated inputs or land-use types for the tributary basins. Phosphorus yield was highest [1.1 and 0.93 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr] at two sites along the Duck River and at Elk River near Prospect [0.89 (ton/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr]; however, estimates of inputs at these sites were in the middle of their respective ranges. The influence of the outcrop of phosphatic limestone formations of the brown-phosphate districts in the lower Duck and lower Elk River Basins might be responsible for the poor correlation between estimated inputs and yields of phosphorus. The outcrop pattern of these phosphatic limestones are an important factor to consider as regional boundaries are established for attainable, region-specific water-quality criteria for total phosphorus.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">Estimates of sediment input from cropland soil erosion in 1992 ranged from 51 to 540 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr among the major hydrologic units in the LTEN River Basin. Information was not available to estimate this input for individual tributaries. Sediment yield estimates ranged from 65 to 263 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr for the three tributary monitoring basins for which instream data were available, and from 17 to 26 (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)/yr for the Tennessee River at South Pittsburg and at Pickwick Landing Dam, respectively. Lower sediment yields for the main stem sites compared with the tributary sites is probably due to sediment deposition in the main stem of the Tennessee River and tributary embayments along the main stem.</p><p class=\"AbstractBody\">Most of the significant trends in nutrient concentrations from about 1985 to about 1995 were decreasing trends, except for total nitrite plus nitrate, which increased at one site on the Elk River. The spatial distribution of decreasing trends of total nitrogen and total ammonia corresponds with the spatial variation among basins in wastewater loading rate. The time period of observed trends corresponds to the period of improvements in municipal treatment, thus decreases in wastewater effluent concentrations of nitrogen might be responsible for the decreasing trend in instream concentrations at these sites. Concentrations of total phosphorus did not decrease during this period at these sites, as might have been expected considering the reductions in wastewater input of phosphorus during this period.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994139","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A.B., Robinson, J.A., Aycock, R.A., Knight, R., and Woodside, M.D., 2000, Sources, instream transport, and trends of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment in the lower Tennessee River basin, 1980-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4139, viii, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994139.","productDescription":"viii, 96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407476,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25796.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994139","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.467,\n              34.142\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.05,\n              34.142\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.05,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.467,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.467,\n              34.142\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, J. A.","contributorId":57417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aycock, R. A.","contributorId":8138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aycock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodside, M. D.","contributorId":98722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":25595,"text":"wri994215 - 2000 - Hydrologic data collected during the 1994 Lake Mills drawdown experiment, Elwha River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:48:41.904635","indexId":"wri994215","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4215","title":"Hydrologic data collected during the 1994 Lake Mills drawdown experiment, Elwha River, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994215","usgsCitation":"Childers, D., Kresch, D., Gustafson, S.A., Randle, T., Melena, J., and Cluer, B., 2000, Hydrologic data collected during the 1994 Lake Mills drawdown experiment, Elwha River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4215, vi, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994215.","productDescription":"vi, 115 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411818,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_32187.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":274555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4215/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.583,\n              48.017\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.608,\n              48.017\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.608,\n              47.968\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.583,\n              47.968\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.583,\n              48.017\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Dallas","contributorId":57861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Dallas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kresch, D. L.","contributorId":52559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gustafson, S. A.","contributorId":101285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randle, T. J.","contributorId":59074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randle","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melena, J.T.","contributorId":10837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melena","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cluer, Brian","contributorId":87587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cluer","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":25475,"text":"wri994201 - 2000 - Environmental Setting and Effects on Water Quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Ohio and Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T09:15:57","indexId":"wri994201","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999–4201","displayTitle":"Environmental Setting and Effects on Water Quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Ohio and Indiana","title":"Environmental Setting and Effects on Water Quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Ohio and Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The Great and Little Miami River Basins drain approximately 7,354 square miles in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana and are included in the more than 50 major river basins and aquifer systems selected for water-quality assessment as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Principal streams include the Great and Little Miami Rivers in Ohio and the Whitewater River in Indiana. The Great and Little Miami River Basins are almost entirely within the Till Plains section of the Central Lowland physiographic province and have a humid continental climate, characterized by well-defined summer and winter seasons. With the exception of a few areas near the Ohio River, Pleistocene glacial deposits, which are predominantly till, overlie lower Paleozoic limestone, dolomite, and shale bedrock. The principal aquifer is a complex buried-valley system of sand and gravel aquifers capable of supporting sustained well yields exceeding 1,000 gallons per minute. Designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a sole-source aquifer, the Buried-Valley Aquifer System is the principal source of drinking water for 1.6 million people in the basins and is the dominant source of water for southwestern Ohio. Water use in the Great and Little Miami River Basins averaged 745 million gallons per day in 1995. Of this amount, 48 percent was supplied by surface water (including the Ohio River) and 52 percent was supplied by ground water.</p><p>Land-use and waste-management practices influence the quality of water found in streams and aquifers in the Great and Little Miami River Basins. Land use is approximately 79 percent agriculture, 13 percent urban (residential, industrial, and commercial), and 7 percent forest. An estimated 2.8 million people live in the Great and Little Miami River Basins; major urban areas include Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio. Fertilizers and pesticides associated with agricultural activity, discharges from municipal and industrial wastewater-treatment and thermoelectric plants, urban runoff, and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes contribute contaminants to surface water and ground water throughout the study area.</p><p>Surface water and ground water in the Great and Little Miami River Basins are classified as very hard, calcium-magnesiumbicarbonate waters. The major-ion composition and hardness of surface water and ground water reflect extensive contact with the carbonate-rich soils, glacial sediments, and limestone or dolomite bedrock. Dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan II, and lindane are the most commonly reported organochlorine pesticides in streams draining the Great and Little Miami River Basins. Peak concentrations of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor in streams commonly are associated with post-application runoff events. Nitrate concentrations in surface water average 3 to 4 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in the larger streams and also show strong seasonal variations related to application periods and runoff events.</p><p>Ambient iron concentrations in ground water pumped from aquifers in the Great and Little Miami River Basins often exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (300 micrograms per liter). Chloride concentrations are below aesthetic drinking-water guidelines (250 mg/L), except in ground water pumped from low-yielding Ordovician shale; chloride concentrations in sodium-chloriderich ground water pumped from the shale bedrock can exceed 1,000 mg/L. Some of the highest average nitrate concentrations in ground water in Ohio and Indiana are found in wells completed in the buried-valley aquifer; these concentrations typically are found in those parts of the sand and gravel aquifer that are not overlain by clay-rich till. Atrazine was the most commonly detected herbicide in private wells. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in ground water generally were below Federal drinking-water standards, except near areas of known or suspected contamination.</p><p>Evaluation of fish and macroinvertebrate community performance in streams and rivers draining the Great and Little Miami River Basins indicates that most streams meet basic aquatic-life-use criteria set by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency for warmwater habitat. Stream reaches whose biological community performance meet aquatic-lifeuse criteria defined for exceptional warmwater habitat are found in Twin Creek, the Upper Great Miami River, the Little Miami River, and the Whitewater River Basins. Other streams have exhibited significant improvements in biological community performance (and water quality)'that are attributed primarily to reduced pollutant loadings from wastewater-treatment plants upgraded since 1972.</p><p>Four hydrogeomorphic regions were delineated in the Great and Little Miami River Basins based on distinct and relatively homogeneous natural characteristics. Primary features used to delineate the hydrogeomorphic regions include bedrock geology, surficial geology, physiography, hydrology, soil types, and vegetation. These four regions Till Plains, Drift Plains/Unglaciated, Interlobate, and Fluvial are used in the Great and Little Miami River Basins study to assess the influence of natural features of the environmental setting on surface- and ground-water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri994201","usgsCitation":"Debrewer, L.M., Rowe, G.L., Reutter, D., Moore, R.C., Hambrook, J.A., and Baker, N.T., 2000, Environmental Setting and Effects on Water Quality in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Ohio and Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 1999–4201, Report: ix, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994201.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Director, Ohio Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6460 Busch Blvd.<br>Colubus, OH 43229-1737</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Environmental Setting</li><li>Effects of Environmental Setting on Water Quality</li><li>Major Environmental Subdivisions of the Great and Little Miami River Basins</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Debrewer, Linda M. 0000-0002-0511-4010 lmdebrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-4010","contributorId":5713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debrewer","given":"Linda","email":"lmdebrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":193834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reutter, David C. dreutter@usgs.gov","contributorId":5441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reutter","given":"David C.","email":"dreutter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Rhett C.","contributorId":82687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Rhett","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hambrook, Julie A.","contributorId":74062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hambrook","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":25540,"text":"wri994138 - 2000 - Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer at the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site in Belvidere, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T11:13:45","indexId":"wri994138","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4138","title":"Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer at the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site in Belvidere, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>The geology, hydrology, hydraulic properties, and distribution of contaminants in the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer at the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site in Belvidere, Illinois, were characterized on the basis of data collected from boreholes by use of packer assemblies, flowmeter logging, and borehole ground-penetrating radar. Four permeable intervals were identified in the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer: (1) a shallow, subhorizontal fracture from 37 to 40 feet below land surface; (2) an inclined fracture from 75 to 85 feet; (3) a shallow, vuggy interval from 90 to 100 feet; and (4) a deep, vuggy interval from about 140 to 180 feet. The calculated horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the two fractured intervals exceeds 50 feet per day and is more than an order of magnitude greater than that of the vuggy intervals. Water levels in the Galena-Platteville aquifer respond to pumping cycles in the Belvidere municipal-supply wells below a depth of at least 180 feet. </p><p>Results of flowmeter logging and constant discharge aquifer testing indicate that the shallow, subhorizontal fracture is hydraulically connected to the overlying unconsolidated aquifer. Discrete inclined fractures are the primary conduits for vertical ground-water flow between the permeable units within the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer, and perhaps for flow to the deeper parts of the aquifer. The inclined fractures may become less permeable with depth. </p><p>A maximum effective porosity in the deep, vuggy interval of 8.8 percent was calculated from hydrologic and borehole radar-tomography data collected during tracer testing. The average maximum horizontal ground-water velocity through this interval was calculated at 21.4 feet per day using cross-hole radar tomography under a hydraulic gradient of 1.25 feet per foot. </p><p>Trichloroethene, trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethene are the primary volatile organic compounds detected in the aquifer. There is no distinct pattern of the concentration of volatile organic compounds with depth; however, the highest concentrations tend to be present in the shallow part of the aquifer at the site. Movement of organic compounds through vertical fractures may account for their presence in the deeper parts of the aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994138","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Yeskis, D., Lane, J., Mills, P., Joesten, P., Cygan, G., and Ursic, J., 2000, Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality of the upper part of the Galena-Platteville aquifer at the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site in Belvidere, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4138, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994138.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95535,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4138/report.pdf","size":"5526","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Belvidere","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.83807241916656,\n              42.26712715934989\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83430659770966,\n              42.26712715934989\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83430659770966,\n              42.26919934059126\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83807241916656,\n              42.26919934059126\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83807241916656,\n              42.26712715934989\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, D.J.","contributorId":105334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, P. C.","contributorId":69117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cygan, G.L.","contributorId":56379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cygan","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ursic, J.R.","contributorId":9518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ursic","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":26290,"text":"wri994204 - 2000 - Environmental and hydrologic overview of the Yukon River basin, Alaska and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri994204","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4204","title":"Environmental and hydrologic overview of the Yukon River basin, Alaska and Canada","docAbstract":"The Yukon River, located in northwestern Canada and central Alaska, drains an area of more than 330,000 square miles, making it the fourth largest drainage basin in North America. Approximately 126,000 people live in this basin and 10 percent of these people maintain a subsistence lifestyle, depending on the basin's fish and game resources. Twenty ecoregions compose the Yukon River Basin, which indicates the large diversity of natural features of the watershed, such as climate, soils, permafrost, and geology.\r\n\r\nAlthough the annual mean discharge of the Yukon River near its mouth is more than 200,000 cubic feet per second, most of the flow occurs in the summer months from snowmelt, rainfall, and glacial melt. Eight major rivers flow into the Yukon River. Two of these rivers, the Tanana River and the White River, are glacier-fed rivers and together account for 29 percent of the total water flow of the Yukon. Two others, the Porcupine River and the Koyukuk River, are underlain by continuous permafrost and drain larger areas than the Tanana and the White, but together contribute only 22 percent of the total water flow in the Yukon.\r\n\r\nAt its mouth, the Yukon River transports about 60 million tons of suspended sediment annually into the Bering Sea. However, an estimated 20 million tons annually is deposited on flood plains and in braided reaches of the river. The waters of the main stem of the Yukon River and its tributaries are predominantly calcium magnesium bicarbonate waters with specific conductances generally less than 400 microsiemens per centimeter. Water quality of the Yukon River Basin varies temporally between summer and winter. Water quality also varies spatially among ecoregions","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994204","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., Wang, B., and Meade, R.H., 2000, Environmental and hydrologic overview of the Yukon River basin, Alaska and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4204, v, 106 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;22 x 28 cm.; 37 illus.; 15 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994204.","productDescription":"v, 106 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;22 x 28 cm.; 37 illus.; 15 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1978,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meade, Robert H. 0000-0002-4965-3040 rhmeade@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3040","contributorId":2744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"Robert","email":"rhmeade@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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