A series of large earthquakes in 1899 affected southeastern Alaska near Yakutat and Disenchantment Bays. The largest of the series, a MW 8.2 event on 10 September 1899, generated an ~12-m-high tsunami and as much as 14.4 m of coseismic uplift in Yakutat Bay, the largest coseismic uplift ever measured. Several complex fault systems in the area are associated with the Yakutat terrane collision with North America and the termination of the Fairweather strike-slip system, but because faults local to Yakutat Bay have been incompletely or poorly mapped, it is unclear which fault system(s) ruptured during the 10 September 1899 event. Using marine geophysical data collected in August 2012, we provide an improved tectonic framework for the Yakutat area, which advances our understanding of earthquake hazards. We combined 153 line km of 2012 high-resolution multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data with compressed high-intensity radar pulse (Chirp) profiles, basin-scale MCS data, 2018 seafloor bathymetry, published geodetic models and thermochronology data, and previous measurements of coseismic uplift to better constrain fault geometry and subsurface structure in the Yakutat Bay area. We did not observe any active or concealed faults crossing Yakutat Bay in our high-resolution data, requiring faults to be located entirely onshore or nearshore. We interpreted onshore faults east of Yakutat Bay to be associated with the transpressional termination of the Fairweather fault system, forming a series of splay faults that exhibit a horsetail geometry. Thrust and reverse faults on the west side of the bay are related to Yakutat terrane underthrusting and collision with North America. Our results include an updated fault map, structural model of Yakutat Bay, and quantitative assessment of uncertainties for legacy geologic coseismic uplift measurements. Additionally, our results indicate the 10 September 1899 rupture was possibly related to stress loading from the earlier Yakutat terrane underthrusting event of 4 September 1899, with the majority of 10 September coseismic slip occurring on the Esker Creek system on the northwest side of Yakutat Bay. Limited (~2 m) coseismic or postseismic slip associated with the 1899 events occurred on faults located east of Yakutat Bay.
We present a response to Butterworth and Ross-Gillespie's (2022) comment on our perspectives on how forage fish fisheries are impacting the endangered African penguin (Sphenicus demersus), and corresponding management options. Butterworth and Ross-Gillespie overstate model uncertainties and downplay the clear ecological and conservation significance of the fisheries closure experiment. We demonstrate that their criticism of “pseudo-replication” is weak, and not in line with their own analyses nor with the interpretations of many international scientific review panels commissioned by the government of South Africa to evaluate experimental results. Their comment does not alter our fundamental conclusions that forage fisheries operating near penguin breeding colonies compete with the birds for food resources, are detrimental to the penguin's population health, and are impeding recovery. Given that sardines are depleted (DFFE, 2021) and the African penguin is approaching a conservation crisis, we reiterate our position that continuing the precautionary approach of closures at the local scale of central-place foraging penguins is warranted to facilitate their population growth under fisheries management goals to conserve and maintain ecosystem functions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsac116","usgsCitation":"Sydeman, B., Hunt, G., Pikitch, E., Parrish, J., Piatt, J., Boersma, D., Kaufman, L., Anderson, D.L., Thompson, S., and Sherley, R.B., 2022, African penguins and localized fisheries management: Response to Butterworth and Ross-Gillespie: ICES Journal of Marine Science, fsac116, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac116.","productDescription":"fsac116, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141361","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sydeman, Bill","contributorId":293222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sydeman","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35859,"text":"Farallon Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Gene","contributorId":178704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Gene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pikitch, E.K.","contributorId":152152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pikitch","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrish, J.","contributorId":149527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":244053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boersma, D.","contributorId":293225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boersma","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kaufman, L.","contributorId":293227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, D. L.","contributorId":274874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thompson, S.","contributorId":77103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sherley, Richard B.","contributorId":198407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70233496,"text":"70233496 - 2022 - Revisiting 228Th as a tool for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T11:56:05.01524","indexId":"70233496","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-12T06:48:55","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revisiting 228Th as a tool for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates","docAbstract":"The use of 228Th has seen limited application for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates in coastal and marine environments. Recent analytical advances have enabled rapid, precise measurements of particle-bound 228Th using a radium delayed coincidence counting system (RaDeCC). Herein we review the 228Th cycle in the marine environment and revisit the historical use of 228Th as a tracer for determining sediment vertical accretion and mass accumulation rates in light of new measurement techniques. Case studies comparing accumulation rates from 228Th and 210Pb are presented for a micro-tidal salt marsh and a marginal sea environment. 228Th and 210Pb have been previously measured in mangrove, deltaic, continental shelf and ocean basin environments, and a literature synthesis reveals that 228Th (measured via alpha or gamma spectrometry) derived accumulation rates are generally equal to or greater than estimates derived from 210Pb, reflecting different integration periods. Use of 228Th is well-suited for shallow (<15 cm) cores over decadal timescales. Application is limited to relatively homogenous sediment profiles with minor variations in grain size and minimal bioturbation. When appropriate conditions are met, complimentary use of 228Th and 210Pb can demonstrate that the upper layers of a core are undisturbed and can improve spatial coverage in mapping accumulation rates due to the higher sample throughput for sediment 228Th.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121006","usgsCitation":"Tamborski, J., Cai, P., Eagle, M.J., Henderson, P., and Charette, M., 2022, Revisiting 228Th as a tool for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates: Chemical Geology, v. 607, 121006, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121006.","productDescription":"121006, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138389","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":404316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.55986404418944,\n 41.544175782757975\n ],\n [\n -70.48810958862302,\n 41.544175782757975\n ],\n [\n -70.48810958862302,\n 41.60376257053004\n ],\n [\n -70.55986404418944,\n 41.60376257053004\n ],\n [\n -70.55986404418944,\n 41.544175782757975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"607","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tamborski, Joseph","contributorId":267856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tamborski","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55518,"text":"Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cai, Pinghe","contributorId":293524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Pinghe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63324,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagle, Meagan J. 0000-0001-5072-2755 meagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-2755","contributorId":242890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagle","given":"Meagan","email":"meagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henderson, Paul","contributorId":267858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55518,"text":"Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Charette, Matthew","contributorId":247619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charette","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":49599,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70237712,"text":"70237712 - 2022 - The North American tree-ring fire-scar network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-20T11:49:06.295032","indexId":"70237712","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-12T06:45:18","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The North American tree-ring fire-scar network","docAbstract":"Fire regimes in North American forests are diverse and modern fire records are often too short to capture important patterns, trends, feedbacks, and drivers of variability. Tree-ring fire scars provide valuable perspectives on fire regimes, including centuries-long records of fire year, season, frequency, severity, and size. Here, we introduce the newly compiled North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN), which contains 2562 sites, >37,000 fire-scarred trees, and covers large parts of North America. We investigate the NAFSN in terms of geography, sample depth, vegetation, topography, climate, and human land use. Fire scars are found in most ecoregions, from boreal forests in northern Alaska and Canada to subtropical forests in southern Florida and Mexico. The network includes 91 tree species, but is dominated by gymnosperms in the genus Pinus. Fire scars are found from sea level to >4000-m elevation and across a range of topographic settings that vary by ecoregion. Multiple regions are densely sampled (e.g., >1000 fire-scarred trees), enabling new spatial analyses such as reconstructions of area burned. To demonstrate the potential of the network, we compared the climate space of the NAFSN to those of modern fires and forests; the NAFSN spans a climate space largely representative of the forested areas in North America, with notable gaps in warmer tropical climates. Modern fires are burning in similar climate spaces as historical fires, but disproportionately in warmer regions compared to the historical record, possibly related to under-sampling of warm subtropical forests or supporting observations of changing fire regimes. The historical influence of Indigenous and non-Indigenous human land use on fire regimes varies in space and time. A 20th century fire deficit associated with human activities is evident in many regions, yet fire regimes characterized by frequent surface fires are still active in some areas (e.g., Mexico and the southeastern United States). These analyses provide a foundation and framework for future studies using the hundreds of thousands of annually- to sub-annually-resolved tree-ring records of fire spanning centuries, which will further advance our understanding of the interactions among fire, climate, topography, vegetation, and humans across North America.
The grave threat posed by the Enriquillo‐Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ) and other fault systems on the Tiburon Peninsula in southern Haiti was highlighted by the catastrophic M 7.0 Léogâne earthquake on 12 January 2010 and again by the deadly M 7.2 Nippes earthquakes on 14 August 2021. Early Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations suggest the 2021 earthquake broke structures associated with this fault system farther west of the 2010 event, but the rupture zones of both events are separated by a ∼50 km gap. This sequence provided the impetus to reconsider a nineteenth century earthquake that may have occurred within this gap. Though previous studies identified a single moderately large event on 8 April 1860, original sources describe a complex and distributed seismic sequence to the west of Port‐au‐Prince. These provide evidence for an initial event to the west of Les Cayes, on the southern coast of the Tiburon Peninsula. This was followed on the morning of 8 April 1860 by a damaging earthquake near l’Anse‐à‐Veau along the northern coast of the peninsula, which was succeeded 14 hr later by a larger mainshock to the east. Although locations cannot be determined precisely from extant macroseismic data, our preferred scenario includes an intensity magnitude
Forests dominated or co-dominated by ‘ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha) are critical to most Hawaiian forest birds, but fungal diseases causing Rapid ‘Ōhi‘a Death (ROD) threaten ‘ōhi‘a-based food webs that support native bird communities on Hawai‘i Island. Caterpillars are the most frequently consumed arthropod prey of native birds and their young and are especially frequent in the diets of one threatened (T) and three endangered (E) species (“listed” species) at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (Hakalau): ‘akiapōlā‘au (Hemignathus wilsoni, E), ‘alawī (Hawai‘i creeper; Loxops mana, E), Hawai‘i ‘ākepa (L. coccineus, E), and ‘i‘iwi (Drepanis coccinea, T). Hakalau harbors the largest and most stable populations of listed forest birds in Hawai‘i, presumably due to the availability of food resources and the extent of suitable, managed habitat above the range of mosquito-borne avian malaria. Because a previous study indicated that only a few caterpillar species were important in the diets of listed birds at Hakalau, we investigated the distribution of caterpillars on common host plants available to foraging birds. Eleven native plant species hosted two or more taxa identified to genus or species, with at least seven from ‘ōhi‘a, six from koa (Acacia koa), and five from ‘ākala (Rubus hawaiensis). We identified 16 taxa to genus or species from 9 families, assigning 11 to species. Leaves, which were the focus of our sampling effort, were the substrate used by 20 caterpillar taxa, and dead wood or bark was used by 7 taxa. In a previous study, we classified 19 morphotypes of caterpillar mandibles in the diets of native and alien birds at Hakalau, and in the present study we dissected mandibles from caterpillars that likely matched 10 of those morphotypes. These 10 morphotypes potentially represented >95% of caterpillar prey found in the earlier diet study and were collected from 11 host plant species, with ‘ōhi‘a hosting 8 morphotypes, 4 of which were exclusive to ‘ōhi‘a. The most widely hosted morphotype was found on all 11 plant species that we sampled, including ‘ōhi‘a, but the other 9 morphotypes were found on 1–7 hosts. As shown by the previous diet study, each of the listed bird species consumed caterpillar prey consisting mostly of combinations of two morphotypes drawn from a pool of only five, indicating a high degree of specialization. In the present study, we collected three of the five key morphotypes only on ‘ōhi‘a, highlighting the importance of this tree to listed bird species. Because ‘ōhi‘a forests in Hakalau remain vulnerable to ROD, measures to mitigate the impacts of reduced ‘ōhi‘a cover are important to consider from the perspective of forest bird food webs and diet. Ongoing reforestation of former pasturelands with koa and common understory species should provide alternative caterpillar prey for forest birds. Our results and information from the literature indicate that koa supports, to varying degrees, nearly all forest birds at Hakalau, while ‘ākala, ‘ōhelo (Vaccinium calycinum), kōlea (Myrsine lessertiana), ‘ōlapa (Cheirodendron trigynum), pūkiawe (Leptecophylla tameiameiae), and māmaki (Pipturus albidus) could benefit bird populations by increasing prey availability and structural complexity in koa-dominated stands. Foraging studies and additional research to identify species and host plant associations of important forest bird prey, including caterpillars and other arthropods, can help managers evaluate the complex interactions between native forest birds and their food webs and habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Peck, R., Munstermann, M., and Jaenecke, K., 2022, Host plant associations of Lepidoptera and implications for forest bird management at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge: Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report 104, iv, 39 p.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","ipdsId":"IP-136371","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404202,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10790/5387"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Pua Akala section of the Hakalau Unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33740997314453,\n 19.77801141632675\n ],\n [\n -155.28934478759766,\n 19.77801141632675\n ],\n [\n -155.28934478759766,\n 19.851170038179486\n ],\n [\n -155.33740997314453,\n 19.851170038179486\n ],\n [\n -155.33740997314453,\n 19.77801141632675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Robert W. 0000-0002-8739-9493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9493","contributorId":193088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munstermann, Maya","contributorId":292199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munstermann","given":"Maya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaenecke, Kelly 0000-0002-7124-4788","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7124-4788","contributorId":211063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaenecke","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256650,"text":"70256650 - 2022 - Morphological traits related to potential invasiveness of two subspecies of the crayfish Faxonius neglectus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-29T14:28:37.692075","indexId":"70256650","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-11T09:19:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Morphological traits related to potential invasiveness of two subspecies of the crayfish Faxonius neglectus","title":"Morphological traits related to potential invasiveness of two subspecies of the crayfish Faxonius neglectus","docAbstract":"Biological invasions have major environmental and economic impacts, and pose a serious threat to global biodiversity. Invasive crayfish species are one of the greatest threats to native crayfish biodiversity. Additionally, almost 50% of US and Canadian species are considered at risk, making crayfish one of the most imperiled taxonomic groups in the world. Small-scale (extralimital) invasions are often overlooked and may be more common than large-scale (extraregional) invasions. One example of an extraregional and extralimital invader is the Ringed Crayfish (Faxonius neglectus), which has been independently introduced multiple times to drainages throughout the United States, including those adjacent to its native range. Traits related to invasiveness, such as chelae size, are suggested to differ between invasive crayfish from extralimital and extraregional source populations with larger size related to increased invasiveness. We examined morphological traits related to invasion potential for both subspecies of F. neglectus, F. neglectus neglectus and F. neglectus chaenodactylus. We sampled 28 stream sites within the known native range of F. neglectus, including the Neosho and Upper White River drainages in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri. Total carapace length, chelae length and chelae width of 30 adult male F. neglectus were measured from each site. We found significant differences in crayfish morphological characteristics among stream sites. We found significantly greater chelae length:carapace length (ChL:CarL) and chelae width:chelae length (ChW:ChL) in F. neglectus chaenodactylus than F. neglectus neglectus. Even among F. neglectus neglectus populations, there were significant differences in ChL:CarL and ChW:ChL. Morphological characteristics suggest that F. neglectus chaenodactylus and some populations of F. neglectus neglectus may be pre-adapted to the role of invader.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.4024","usgsCitation":"Magoulick, D.D., Wynne, K.C., and Clark, J., 2022, Morphological traits related to potential invasiveness of two subspecies of the crayfish Faxonius neglectus: River Research and Applications, v. 38, no. 8, p. 1510-1518, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4024.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1510","endPage":"1518","ipdsId":"IP-136543","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.4634291225635,\n 35.39738408561898\n ],\n [\n -90.87225759850219,\n 35.103381115558875\n ],\n [\n -89.80120644220345,\n 37.3036874815335\n ],\n [\n -90.01721675943992,\n 38.13664285022463\n ],\n [\n -92.37532938927478,\n 38.12956330655581\n ],\n [\n -95.00345491565538,\n 37.603774360096\n ],\n [\n -95.4174746903592,\n 36.56267788279787\n ],\n [\n -95.5074789892076,\n 35.887444238464354\n ],\n [\n -95.2374660926619,\n 35.44872489668842\n ],\n [\n -94.4634291225635,\n 35.39738408561898\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoulick, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9665-5957 danmag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-5957","contributorId":2513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"Daniel","email":"danmag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wynne, K. Carter","contributorId":341482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynne","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carter","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jessica","contributorId":341483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70248937,"text":"70248937 - 2022 - High geomagnetic field intensity recorded by anorthosite xenoliths requires a strongly powered late Mesoproterozoic geodynamo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T12:28:08.405882","indexId":"70248937","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-11T07:25:43","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High geomagnetic field intensity recorded by anorthosite xenoliths requires a strongly powered late Mesoproterozoic geodynamo","docAbstract":"Understanding effects of human water use and subsequent return flows on the availability and suitability of water for downstream uses is critical to efficient and effective watershed management. We compared spatially detailed estimates of stream chemistry within three watersheds in diverse settings to available standards to isolate effects of wastewater and irrigation return flows on the suitability of downstream waters for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems and for selected human uses. Mean-annual flow-weighted total and source-specific concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in individual stream reaches within the Upper Colorado, Delaware, and Illinois River Basins and of total dissolved solids within stream reaches of the Upper Colorado River Basin were estimated from previously calibrated regional watershed models. Estimated concentrations of both nitrogen and phosphorus in most stream reaches in all three watersheds (at least 78%, by length) exceed recommended standards for the protection of aquatic ecosystems, although concentrations in relatively few streams exceed such standards due to contributions from wastewater return flows, alone. Consequently, efforts to reduce wastewater nutrient effluent may provide important local downstream benefits but would likely have minimal impact on regional ecological conditions. Similarly, estimated mean-annual flow-weighted total dissolved solids concentrations in the Upper Colorado River Basin exceed standards for agricultural water use and (or) the secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) for drinking water in 52% of streams (by length), but rarely due to effects of irrigation return flows, alone. Dissolved solids in most tributaries of the Upper Colorado River are attributable primarily to natural sources.
Germanium (Ge) is a metal used in emerging energy technologies, communications, and defense, and has been deemed critical by the United States due to its essential applications and scarce supply. Germanium is recovered as a byproduct of zinc (Zn) sulfides, and mining and processing of these materials lead to waste that could act both as a source of extractable Ge and a source for exposure to humans and ecosystems. Yet the distribution, speciation, and mineral hosts of Ge in mining-impacted areas are poorly understood. The Tar Creek Superfund Site, a former Zn mining area and Ge producer, is a natural laboratory to understand the environmental behavior and economic implications of Ge in mine wastes. We studied the distribution and behavior of Ge in solid wastes at the Tar Creek Superfund Site using bulk and microanalytical techniques. In wastes at this site we find that Ge has been redistributed from its original host, sphalerite (ZnS), to the fine-grained weathering product hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O), which impacts germanium's mobility, bioaccessibility, and potential for recovery. We provide chemical and mineralogical evidence of this redistribution, along with an evaluation of the oxidation state and molecular-scale substitution of Ge into sphalerite, hemimorphite, and quartz. Geochemical modeling shows that hemimorphite is more stable than sphalerite in waste piles and provides a stable secondary repository for Ge. However, hemimorphite is fine-grained, and if ingested or inhaled is readily soluble, with the potential to release Ge. Lastly, we discuss other sites internationally where similar behavior may be important. This study shows that weathering can have a significant impact on the distribution, speciation, and mineral hosts of Ge in mine wastes; directly influence mobilization from waste piles and subsequent availability to humans and ecosystems; and dictate metallurgical strategies to target Ge for recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105341","usgsCitation":"White, S.J., Piatak, N.M., McAleer, R.J., Hayes, S.M., Seal,, R., Schaider, L.A., and Shine, J.P., 2022, Germanium redistribution during weathering of Zn mine wastes: Implications for environmental mobility and recovery of a critical mineral: Applied Geochemistry, v. 143, 105341, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105341.","productDescription":"105341, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127786","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105341","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZM36FG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mineral abundances within bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A."},{"id":435780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HI7VKH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Molecular speciation of Ge within sphalerite, hemimorphite, and quartz from mine waste from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A."},{"id":435779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HHH5FL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical, mineralogical, and molecular scale speciation characterization of mine wastes from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A. "},{"id":435778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ALZZ3E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Electron microprobe analyses of sphalerite and hemimorphite from mine wastes from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A."},{"id":435777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92MXFIQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Elemental concentrations for bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A."},{"id":404206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Tar Creek Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.40502929687499,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -96.40502929687499,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -96.40502929687499,\n 36.049098959065645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"143","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Sarah Jane 0000-0002-4055-8207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-8207","contributorId":216796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Sarah M. 0000-0001-5887-6492","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-6492","contributorId":208569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaider, Laurel A.","contributorId":291960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaider","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shine, James P.","contributorId":178314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shine","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70239303,"text":"70239303 - 2022 - Evidence for fluctuating wind in shaping an ancient Martian dune field: The Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment, Gale crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T13:14:36.209975","indexId":"70239303","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-11T07:13:03","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7353,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for fluctuating wind in shaping an ancient Martian dune field: The Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment, Gale crater","docAbstract":"Temporal fluctuations of wind strength and direction can influence aeolian bedform morphology and orientation, which can be encoded into the architecture of aeolian deposits. These strata represent a direct record of atmospheric processes and can be used to understand ancient Martian atmospheric processes as well as those on Earth. The strata can: give insight to ancient atmospheric circulation, how the atmosphere evolved in response to global changes in habitability, and how ancient processes differ from modern processes. The Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment (Gale crater) records evidence of fluctuating wind across multiple temporal scales. The strata can be subdivided into three intervals–Gleann Beag, Ladder, and Edinburgh intervals. Internally, the intervals record changes of dune morphology and orientation, correlatable to wind fluctuations at multiple temporal scales. The basal Gleann Beag interval comprises compound cross-strata, deposited by oblique compound dunes. These dunes record a bimodal wind regime, resulting in net sediment transport toward the north. The Ladder interval records a reversal of sediment transport to the south, where straight-crested simple-dunes shaped by a seasonally variable winds formed. Finally, the Edinburgh interval records sediment transport to the west, where a unimodal wind formed sinuous-crested simple dunes. These observations demonstrate active and variable atmospheric circulation in Gale crater during the accumulation of the Stimson dune field, at multiple temporal scales from seasonally driven winds to much longer time-frames, during the Hesperian. These observations can be used to further understand ancient atmospheric conditions and processes, at a high temporal resolution on Mars.
Lakes are classified by thermal mixing regimes, with shallow waterbodies historically categorized as continuously mixing systems. Yet, recent studies demonstrate extended summertime stratification in ponds, underscoring the need to reassess thermal classifications for shallow waterbodies. In this study, we examined the summertime thermal dynamics of 34 ponds and shallow lakes across temperate North America and Europe to categorize and identify the drivers of different mixing regimes. We identified three mixing regimes: rarely (n = 18), intermittently (n = 10), and often (n = 6) mixed, where waterbodies mixed an average of 2%, 26%, and 75% of the study period, respectively. Waterbodies in the often mixed category were larger (≥4.17 ha) and stratification weakened with increased wind shear stress, characteristic of “shallow lakes.” In contrast, smaller waterbodies, or “ponds,” mixed less frequently, and stratification strengthened with increased shortwave radiation. Shallow ponds (<0.74 m) mixed intermittently, with daytime stratification often breaking down overnight due to convective cooling. Ponds ≥0.74 m deep were rarely or never mixed, likely due to limited wind energy relative to the larger density gradients associated with slightly deeper water columns. Precipitation events weakened stratification, even causing short-term mixing (hours to days) in some sites. By examining a broad set of shallow waterbodies, we show that mixing regimes are highly sensitive to very small differences in size and depth, with potential implications for ecological and biogeochemical processes. Ultimately, we propose a new framework to characterize the variable mixing regimes of ponds and shallow lakes.
Advances in multi-species monitoring have prompted an increase in the use of multi-species occupancy analyses to assess patterns of co-occurrence among species, even when data were collected at scales likely violating the assumption that sites were closed to changes in the occupancy state for the target species. Violating the closure assumption may lead to erroneous conclusions related to patterns of co-occurrence among species. Occurrence for two hypothetical species was simulated under patterns of avoidance, aggregation, or independence, when the closure assumption was either met or not. Simulated populations were sampled at two levels (N = 250 or 100 sites) and two scales of temporal resolution for surveys. Sample data were analyzed with conditional two-species occupancy models, and performance was assessed based on the proportion of simulations recovering the true pattern of co-occurrence. Estimates of occupancy were unbiased when closure was met, but biased when closure violations occurred; bias increased when sample size was small and encounter histories were collapsed to a large-scale temporal resolution. When closure was met and patterns of avoidance and aggregation were simulated, conditional two-species models tended to correctly find support for non-independence, and estimated species interaction factors (SIF) aligned with predicted values. By contrast, when closure was violated, models tended to incorrectly infer a pattern of independence and power to detect simulated patterns of avoidance or aggregation that decreased with smaller sample size. Results suggest that when the closure assumption is violated, co-occurrence models often fail to detect underlying patterns of avoidance or aggregation, and incorrectly identify a pattern of independence among species, which could have negative consequences for our understanding of species interactions and conservation efforts. Thus, when closure is violated, inferred patterns of independence from multi-species occupancy should be interpreted cautiously, and evidence of avoidance or aggregation is likely a conservative estimate of true pattern or interaction.
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are a loosely defined group of chemicals whose wide-spread usage or presence in the environment has occurred more recently or for which there has been relatively little research done until recently. Many of these CECs are not currently regulated. The National Toxicology Program within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimates that about 2000 CECs are introduced each year (https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/about/). An unknown number may pose a risk to human or animal health. The Phase 1 (2010 – 2014) CEC work in birds, which is the subject of this report, assessed exposure across the Great Lakes to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFASs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and put those exposures into context with data from biologically relevant endpoints such as reproductive success, as well as, physiological response indicators (bioindicators) to assess possible effects. The group of chemicals included in Phase 1 were mainly those chemicals that bioaccumulate in tissues. Phase 2 (2015 – 2019) CEC work with tree swallows was expanded to include CECs whose occurrence in the environment is more temporary or seasonal, and that do not necessarily bioaccumulate. These are often called pseudo-persistent, because, while they are not long-lived in the environment, there are often daily inputs via waste water treatment plants, and run-off from farm fields and storm drainages, thereby making them available to biota year-round. These include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and newer pesticides including herbicides. Tree swallow work on these less persistent CECs will be reported in the future, however see other Appendices in this report for information on some of these types of CECs (Appendices A, B, D).
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the health and integrity of wildlife populations from adverse effects: GLRI action plan I, focus area 1, goal 5","docAbstract":"Executive Summary: Under Action Plan I (2010-2014) of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), Federal and Academic partners began an investigation of the presence and distribution of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the Great Lakes and potential impacts on fish and wildlife. The term CECs is applied to a broad range of chemicals that are currently in use but for which we currently lack good understanding of whether fish, wildlife, or humans are being exposed and/or whether negative health or environmental effects are expected if exposure occurs. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, flame retardants, many current use pesticides, and poly- and perfluorinated chemicals are some well-known groups of CECs, but there is no definitive or comprehensive list that can be used to support the management of CECs to reduce impacts on the Great Lakes ecosystem.
Four overarching goals were identified for this collaborative investigation:
1. Evaluate the sources, occurrence, and distribution of CECs across the Great Lakes Basin.
2. Examine associations between the distribution of CECs and land-use patterns.
3. Review both scientific literature and field-generated data to determine the potential for CECs to cause adverse effects on Great Lakes fish and wildlife populations.
4. Develop efficient strategies to survey and/or monitor for threats that CECs may pose in order to take effective management actions before those threats evolve into large scale impacts on Great Lakes ecosystems or the services they provide.
Achievement of these goals ensures progress towards Focus Area 1: Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern from GLRI Action Plan I, Goal 5: “The health and integrity of wildlife populations and habitat are protected from adverse chemical and biological effects associated with the presence of toxic substances in the Great Lakes Basin”.
This large-scale research effort was comprised of individual and collaborative projects from multiple federal agencies and academic institutions, involving over 85 investigators, and overseen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5, Great Lakes National Program Office. Partners include the United States Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Saint Cloud State University, the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Key findings:
1. Contaminants of emerging concern were found throughout the monitored Great Lakes tributaries, but types and concentrations vary in association with regional land use. CECs were detected in nearly all samples collected. The type and concentration of the specific contaminants detected varied considerably among field sites and in association with land use type, such as urban, agricultural, wetland, 2 or forest. Contaminants were detected in the water column, sediment, and tissues of all species surveyed in the current work (mussels, aquatic insects, fish, and insect-eating birds).
2. There were over 20 contaminants for which CEC concentrations approached or exceeded those reported to cause toxicity in laboratory experiments. This was based on detection in water, sediments and or biota at one or more field sites. These contaminants represent compounds that warrant further investigation and monitoring with respect to potential impacts in certain areas of the Great Lakes basin. Based on the present investigation, compounds of greatest concern include: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, associated with oil-based products and combustion of organic matter; atrazine, an herbicide; dichlorvos, an insecticide; and ibuprofen and venlafaxine, both pharmaceuticals.
3. Results suggest that mixtures of CECs presently found in most Great Lakes tributary locations surveyed may elicit subtle biological effects, but likely are not, alone, causing obvious detriment to current communities of fish and wildlife. CECs detected in the Great Lakes were associated with subtle biological effects like changes in gene expression, altered circulating glucose, etc. in both wild-caught and laboratory-reared organisms. These effects were generally not indicative of reproductive failure or mortality. However, the effects may have more serious implications when combined with other sources of stress like habitat degradation, changing climate conditions, and competition with invasive species. Due to limited historical data, it is unknown whether severe CEC-related impacts have already affected aquatic communities in waterbodies that have received long-term inputs of these contaminants. Likewise, under Action Plan I, biological effects were not necessarily evaluated at the sites where CEC concentrations exceeding laboratory toxicity thresholds were detected. As a result, strategic, ongoing surveillance and monitoring of CECs is warranted.
This collaborative investigation resulted in new tools, approaches, and data that can be used to inform and support the management of CECs to reduce their impacts on Great Lakes natural resources. The following products of this research effort are available through https://communities.geoplatform.gov/glri/ or by contacting the investigators (see technical chapters found in Appendices A-F):
1. Database of CEC occurrence and concentrations in US tributary streams. The database includes CEC detections in water, sediment, and fish and wildlife tissues, and represents the most comprehensive survey of CECs in the Great Lakes Region.
2. Synopses of results and key findings. Integrated summaries of results, conclusions, and management implications of the CEC research are available through reports, topical fact sheets, and presentations.
3. Technical publications: This collaborative research effort has resulted in over 50 peer-reviewed publications, agency reports, and data releases that can be of use to resource managers, the scientific community, and members of the public.
4. Innovative tools. Innovative monitoring devices, sampling equipment, conceptual frameworks, and software applications were developed over the course of this 3 research. These tools are transferable to stakeholders via internet accessibility or via specifications, instructions, and demonstration detailed in technical publications.
Hypotheses to guide CECs research under Action Plan II. Findings from 2010-2014 were used to guide further research in 2015-2018 for basin-wide surveillance of CECs and for sites warranting further study of potential biological impacts of CECs. Additional surveillance included both evaluation of additional classes of contaminants and expanded lists for chemical classes shown to be of greatest concern. Mixtures of some of the most frequently detected contaminants were also tested in laboratory studies to understand whether long term exposures to multiple contaminants may result in effects not evident from uncontrolled, short-term field experiments.
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Edward","contributorId":296967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hummel, Stephanie L.","contributorId":296241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hummel","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16956,"text":"US Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perkins, Edward J.","contributorId":89063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zack, Sarah A.","contributorId":296968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zack","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70232703,"text":"70232703 - 2022 - Rapid diagnostic test to detect and discriminate infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) genogroups U and M to aid management of Pacific Northwest salmonid populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T12:11:26.019734","indexId":"70232703","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-09T07:06:08","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5762,"text":"Animals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid diagnostic test to detect and discriminate infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) genogroups U and M to aid management of Pacific Northwest salmonid populations","docAbstract":"Harmful algal blooms produce biotoxins that can injure or kill fish, wildlife, and humans. These blooms occur naturally but have intensified in many locations globally due to recent climatic changes, including ocean warming. Such changes are especially pronounced in northern regions, where the effects of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) on marine wildlife are of growing concern. In Alaska, seabird mortality events have increased in frequency, magnitude, and duration since 2015 alongside anomalously high ocean temperatures. Although starvation has been implicated as the apparent cause of death in many of these die-offs, saxitoxin (STX) and other PSTs have been identified as possible contributing factors. Here, we describe a mortality event at a nesting colony of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) near Juneau, Alaska in 2019 and report elevated concentrations of PSTs in bird, forage fish, and mussel samples. Concentrations of STX and other PSTs in tern tissues (2.5–51.2 µg 100g−1 STX-equivalents [STX-eq]) were of similar magnitude to those reported from other PST-induced bird die-offs. We documented high PST concentrations in blue mussels (>11,000 µg 100g−1 STX-eq; Mytilus edulis spp.) collected from nearby beaches, as well as in forage fish (up to 494 µg 100g−1 STX-eq) retrieved from Arctic Tern nests, thereby providing direct evidence of PST exposure via the terns’ prey. At maximum concentrations measured in this study, a single 5 g Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes personatus) could exceed the median lethal STX dose (LD50) currently estimated for birds, offering strong support for PSTs as a likely source of tern mortality. In addition to describing this localized bird mortality event, we used existing energetics data from adult and nestling Arctic Terns to calculate estimated cumulative daily PST exposure based on ecologically relevant concentrations in forage fish. Our estimates revealed potentially lethal levels of PST exposure even at relatively low (≤30 ug 100g−1 STX-eq) toxin concentrations in prey. These findings suggest that PSTs present a significant hazard to Arctic Terns and other northern seabirds and should be included in future investigations of avian mortality events as well as assessments of population health.
Climate model projections are commonly used to assess potential impacts of global warming on a breadth of social, economic, and environmental topics. Modeling centers throughout the world coordinate to apply a consistent suite of radiative forcing experiments so that all model outputs can be collectively analyzed and compared. Three generations of model outputs have been produced and made available to the scientific community through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP): CMIP3 disseminated during the mid-2000s, CMIP5 during the early-2010s, and CMIP6 during the late-2010s. Twenty-first century sea-ice projections from CMIP3 and CMIP5 models have been used in Bayesian network assessments of how climate change could impact the future persistence of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) throughout their range. In this report, we compare sea-ice projections by CMIP6 models to those of CMIP5 models in each of four polar bear ecoregions over the 21st century. We evaluate differences between the two CMIP generations with respect to other sources of variability that affect uncertainties of the model projections: (1) variability from different models; (2) variability from different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios; and (3) natural (internal) variability in the earth’s climate system. We found that natural variability as well as that attributable to models dominated uncertainties in sea-ice projections in all months and ecoregions during the first half of the 21st century, while emissions scenarios dominated uncertainties during the late 21st century. By comparison, we found only slight differences between the CMIP6 and CMIP5 model projections of sea ice. Applying CMIP6 instead of CMIP5 sea-ice projections to the polar bear Bayesian network model developed in 2016, therefore, would not qualitatively change the population status outcomes published therein.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Douglas, D.C., and Atwood, T.C., 2022, Comparisons of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) sea-ice projections in polar bear (Ursus maritimus) ecoregions during the 21st century: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1062, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221062.","productDescription":"vii, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139269","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403336,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221062/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1062"},{"id":403335,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1062/ofr20221062.XML"},{"id":403334,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1062/images"},{"id":403333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1062/ofr20221062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1062"},{"id":403332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1062/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
From the Hindu Kush mountains to the Registan Desert, Afghanistan is a diverse landscape where droughts, floods, conflict, and economic market accessibility pose challenges for agricultural livelihoods and food security. The ability to remotely monitor environmental conditions is critical to support decision making for humanitarian assistance. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS) global and Central Asia data streams provide information on hydrologic states for routine integrated food security analysis. While developed for a specific project, these data are publicly available and useful for other applications that require hydrologic estimates of the water and energy balance. These two data streams are unique because of their suitability for routine monitoring, as well as for being a historical record for computing relative indicators of water availability. The global stream is available at ∼ 1-month latency, and monthly average outputs are on a 10 km grid from 1982–present. The second data stream, Central Asia (21–56∘ N, 30–100∘ E), at ∼ 1 d latency, provides daily average outputs on a 1 km grid from 2000–present. This paper describes the configuration of the two FLDAS data streams, background on the software modeling framework, selected meteorological inputs and parameters, and results from previous evaluation studies. We also provide additional analysis of precipitation and snow cover over Afghanistan. We conclude with an example of how these data are used in integrated food security analysis. For use in new and innovative studies that will improve understanding of this region, these data are hosted by U.S. Geological Survey data portals and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Central Asia data described in this paper can be accessed via the NASA repository at https://doi.org/10.5067/VQ4CD3Y9YC0R (Jacob and Slinski, 2021), and the global data described in this paper can be accessed via the NASA repository at https://doi.org/10.5067/5NHC22T9375G (McNally, 2018).
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","doi":"10.5194/essd-14-3115-2022","usgsCitation":"McNally, A., Jacob, J., Arsenault, K., Slinski, K., Sarmiento, D., Hoell, A., Pervez, S., Rowland, J., Budde, M., Kumar, S., Peters-Lidard, C., and Verdin, J., 2022, A Central Asia hydrologic monitoring dataset for food and water security applications in Afghanistan: Earth System Science Data, v. 14, no. 7, p. 3115-3135, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3115-2022.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3115","endPage":"3135","ipdsId":"IP-134002","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3115-2022","text":"Publisher Index 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mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":166756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":901829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kumar, Sujay","contributorId":337039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Sujay","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Peters-Lidard, Christa","contributorId":337041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters-Lidard","given":"Christa","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Verdin, 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crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in Florida has been both positively and negatively influenced by anthropogenic and natural factors since the species was placed on the federally endangered species list in 1975. This includes a shift in nesting sites and an expansion of nesting to anthropogenic habitat. Using a 50-year record of monitoring data (1970-2020), we assessed factors influencing nesting ecology (number of nests, nest morphology, success rate, and habitat use) from a total of 3,013 nests recorded across South Florida. We detected a change in nesting success rate, increasing from 61% in the 1970’s to near 90% since 2010. Our hot spot analysis illustrates that nesting sites in northeastern Florida Bay and Flamingo/Cape Sable (Everglades National Park) were important for American crocodiles. Anthropogenic habitats, such as canals provided vital habitat nesting in areas such as Flamingo/Cape Sable (Everglades National Park), Turkey Point Power Plant, and Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge for the current Florida population. Environmental parameters suspected to affect nesting success have shown an increasing trend over the past 50 years and minimum temperature and rainfall, during the summer season, are correlated with increased nesting success and temporal variation across South Florida. The adaptive capacity that American crocodiles exhibited in Florida gave the species advantages to face changes in climate and landscape over the last 50 years, however, it does not imply that the adaptive capacity of the species to face these changes (evolutionary potential) cannot reach a limit if changes continue. Here, we document C. acutus nesting ecology population responses to ecosystem restoration efforts in Florida; and further demonstrate the value of protecting and restoring habitat to support recovery of listed species.
Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of mercury (Hg) on Arctic biota in 2011 and 2018, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic bird studies. This review article provides contemporary Hg exposure and potential health risk for 36 Arctic seabird and shorebird species, representing a larger portion of the Arctic than during previous AMAP assessments now also including parts of the Russian Arctic. To assess risk to birds, we used Hg toxicity benchmarks established for blood and converted to egg, liver, and feather tissues. Several Arctic seabird populations showed Hg concentrations that exceeded toxicity benchmarks, with 50 % of individual birds exceeding the “no adverse health effect” level. In particular, 5 % of all studied birds were considered to be at moderate or higher risk to Hg toxicity. However, most seabirds (95 %) were generally at lower risk to Hg toxicity. The highest Hg contamination was observed in seabirds breeding in the western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Most Arctic shorebirds exhibited low Hg concentrations, with approximately 45 % of individuals categorized at no risk, 2.5 % at high risk category, and no individual at severe risk. Although the majority Arctic-breeding seabirds and shorebirds appeared at lower risk to Hg toxicity, recent studies have reported deleterious effects of Hg on some pituitary hormones, genotoxicity, and reproductive performance. Adult survival appeared unaffected by Hg exposure, although long-term banding studies incorporating Hg are still limited. Although Hg contamination across the Arctic is considered low for most bird species, Hg in combination with other stressors, including other contaminants, diseases, parasites, and climate change, may still cause adverse effects. Future investigations on the global impact of Hg on Arctic birds should be conducted within a multi-stressor framework. This information helps to address Article 22 (Effectiveness Evaluation) of the Minamata Convention on Mercury as a global pollutant.
The 2012 Little Bear Fire resulted in substantial loss of vegetation in the Eagle Creek Basin, south-central New Mexico, which has been expected to cause a variety of hydrologic responses that could influence geomorphic change to North Fork Eagle Creek. To monitor geomorphic change, surveys of a downstream study reach of North Fork Eagle Creek were conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Village of Ruidoso, N. Mex. The study included surveys of select cross sections, woody debris accumulations, and pools found in the channel of the study reach. During 2017–19, high-flow events resulting from both monsoonal rainfall and snowmelt runoff occurred in the study reach, and the events appeared to have caused some minor localized geomorphic changes in the study reach, which were evaluated through comparison of the 2017, 2018, and 2019 survey results.
Comparisons of the cross-section survey results indicated that minor geomorphic changes had occurred in 4 of the 14 cross sections surveyed from 2017 to 2019. These geomorphic changes included aggradation or degradation of surface materials by about 1–2 feet in some parts of the affected cross sections. During the 2019 survey, 164 distinct accumulations of woody debris and 228 pools were identified in the study reach. Of the woody debris accumulations identified during the 2019 survey, 67 were certain to have also been present during the 2018 survey, and 21 were certain to have also been present during all three surveys (2017–19), indicating that most of the woody debris accumulations surveyed in 2017 were likely transported during the high-flow events between the 2017 and 2018 surveys. Most woody debris accumulations identified in 2019 did not appear to have substantially influenced geomorphic change in the locations where they were found but may have driven local geomorphic changes.
Because the study began 5 years after the 2012 Little Bear Fire and the geomorphic scope of the study has so far been limited, it cannot be said that the changes observed between the 2017 and 2019 surveys are representative of a pattern of geomorphic change following the Little Bear Fire. Once geomorphic changes identified during the 2017 through 2019 surveys can be compared with results from the remaining planned geomorphic surveys, it may be possible to develop an understanding of the patterns in geomorphic change following the 2012 Little Bear Fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Village of Ruidoso, New Mexico","usgsCitation":"Graziano, A.P., and Chavarria, S.B., 2022, Geomorphic survey of North Fork Eagle Creek, New Mexico, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1041, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221041.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123645","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403220,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97ALYNZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data supporting the 2019 geomorphic survey of North Fork Eagle Creek, New Mexico"},{"id":501773,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113257.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403221,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":403219,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1041/images"},{"id":403218,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1041/ofr20221041.XML"},{"id":403215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1041/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":403216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1041/ofr20221041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022–1041"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Eagle Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.5,\n 33.0\n ],\n [\n -105.1,\n 33.0\n ],\n [\n -105.1,\n 33.4\n ],\n [\n -105.5,\n 33.4\n ],\n [\n -105.5,\n 33.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
This report describes the background information related to and the contents of the Lee Acres-Giant Bloomfield Refinery Database (LAGBRD), which is a compilation of monitoring data collected at the Lee Acres Landfill and the Giant Bloomfield Refinery near Farmington, New Mexico. LAGBRD includes monitoring data from as early as 1985, when awareness was increasing regarding contamination from liquid waste lagoons at the landfill and fuel releases at the refinery. Water quality and groundwater elevation data from sampling locations at the landfill and the refinery are included in the database. LAGBRD was compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, which operates the Lee Acres Landfill, in order to facilitate future studies into the characteristics of groundwater contamination and background geochemistry at the landfill and refinery sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Gray, E.L., and Ferguson, C.L., 2022, Database of water quality and groundwater elevation within and surrounding the Lee Acres Landfill, New Mexico, 1985–2020: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1154, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1154.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 80 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127569","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501205,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113258.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1154/dr1154_database.zip","size":"14.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"—Lee Acres-Giant Bloomfield Refinery Database (LAGBRD)"},{"id":402825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1154/dr1154.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1154"},{"id":402824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1154/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Lee Acres Landfill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.06564331054688,\n 36.683288049295015\n ],\n [\n -108.00590515136717,\n 36.683288049295015\n ],\n [\n -108.00590515136717,\n 36.72072349483175\n ],\n [\n -108.06564331054688,\n 36.72072349483175\n ],\n [\n -108.06564331054688,\n 36.683288049295015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113