{"pageNumber":"351","pageRowStart":"8750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10450,"records":[{"id":70016876,"text":"70016876 - 1992 - New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T07:49:38","indexId":"70016876","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands","docAbstract":"A new method is proposed that combines records for several streamflow-gaging stations, as in the station-year approach, and produces regional flood-frequency relations using an iterative regression technique. This technique eliminates the need to extrapolate the flood-frequency relation to the flood probability of interest. The resulting multiparameter regional flood-frequency relation is based on all the available annual peak-flow data. The method was applied to a group of records from 42 gaging stations in Nevada with many years of no flow and with many poorly defined flood-frquency relations. One- and two-parameter models were developed in which much of the variance in peak discharge is explained by drainage area. The log-Pearson type III and Weibull probability distributions were used in the models. Part of the error is directly assessed using randomly selected subsamples of the annual peak discharges. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868)","usgsCitation":"Hjalmarson, H., and Thomas, B.E., 1992, New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 118, no. 6, p. 868-886, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868).","startPage":"868","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269427,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868)"},{"id":224855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e3e4b0c8380cd72c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hjalmarson, H. W.","contributorId":95872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjalmarson","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, B. E.","contributorId":90767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180724,"text":"70180724 - 1992 - The use of tumors in wild populations of fish to assess ecosystem health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T10:57:17","indexId":"70180724","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2178,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of tumors in wild populations of fish to assess ecosystem health","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evidence has linked toxicants in aquatic systems with cancer in fish and population level effects on species. Thus some types of tumors may be useful monitors of ecosystem health, at least as affected by genotoxins and promoters. However, tumors caused by purely genetic mechanisms or by virus would not be good indicators. Only neoplasms which have chemicals as a portion of their etiology (either as initiators or promoters) would be useful in assessing ecosystem health. Lesions which may fit these criteria include liver neoplasms (both biliary and hepatic) and skin lesions in a variety of primarily benthic fishes, and neural lesions in various drum species and in butterfly fish species. Two studies purporting to demonstrate a lack of tumors in fish from polluted areas have been reexamined and found either to have insufficient data on vulnerable species or to actually support a tumor-pollution linkage. Thus certain lesions in vulnerable species or species groups may serve as a mechanism to assess one facet of ecosystem health.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00044045","usgsCitation":"Baumann, P.C., 1992, The use of tumors in wild populations of fish to assess ecosystem health: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, v. 1, no. 2, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044045.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a035d8e4b099f50d3e0504","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baumann, Paul C.","contributorId":104455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumann","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188405,"text":"70188405 - 1992 - Destriping of Landsat MSS images by filtering techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T15:58:25.637231","indexId":"70188405","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Destriping of Landsat MSS images by filtering techniques","docAbstract":"<p>The removal of striping noise encountered in the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images can be generally done by using frequency filtering techniques. Frequency domain filtering has, however, several problems, such as storage limitation of data required for fast Fourier transforms, ringing artifacts appearing at high-intensity discontinuities, and edge effects between adjacent filtered data sets. One way for circumventing the above difficulties is to design a spatial filter to convolve with the images. Because it is known that the striping always appears at frequencies of 1/6, 1/3, and 1/2 cycles per line, it is possible to design a simple one-dimensional spatial filter to take advantage of this a priori knowledge to cope with the above problems. The desired filter is the type of finite impulse response which can be designed by a linear programming and Remez's exchange algorithm coupled with an adaptive technique. In addition, a four-step spatial filtering technique with an appropriate adaptive approach is also presented which may be particularly useful for geometrically rectified MSS images.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Pan, J., and Chang, C., 1992, Destriping of Landsat MSS images by filtering techniques: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 58, no. 10, p. 1417-1423.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1417","endPage":"1423","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad70fe4b0764e6c602184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Jeng-Jong","contributorId":35877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Jeng-Jong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Chein-I","contributorId":192740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Chein-I","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185140,"text":"70185140 - 1992 - Roosting behavior of premigratory Dunlins (<i>Calidris alpina</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:31:40","indexId":"70185140","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roosting behavior of premigratory Dunlins (<i>Calidris alpina</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied roosting behavior of Dunlins (<i>Calidris alpina</i>) during late summer along the coast of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, in relation to tidal cycle, time of day, time of season, and occurrence of predators. Within Angyoyaravak Bay, peak populations of 70,000-100,000 Dunlins occur each year. The major diurnal roost sites were adjacent to intertidal feeding areas, provided an unobstructed view of predators, and were close to shallow waters used for bathing. At one site studied intensively, roosting flocks formed at high water consistently during the day but rarely at night. On about 75% of the days, Dunlins also came to the roost at dawn and dusk when the tide was low. The size of the roosting flock, the length of time birds spent at the roost site, and behavior at the roost site were highly variable throughout the season and significantly affected by both tide level and time of day. Roosting behavior changed significantly between early and late August, as Dunlins underwent heavy wing and body molt, and began premigratory fattening. The reaction of Dunlins to potential predators, the formation of roosting flocks in response to light cues, and seasonal changes in social behavior at the roost site suggested that communal roosting behavior may be related not only to the risk of predation but also to behavior during migration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088266","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., and Gill, R., 1992, Roosting behavior of premigratory Dunlins (<i>Calidris alpina</i>): The Auk, v. 109, no. 1, p. 57-72, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088266.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4088266","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca5301e4b0849ce97c875e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185792,"text":"70185792 - 1992 - Tensiometers: Theory, construction, and use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T07:29:49","indexId":"70185792","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1824,"text":"Geotechnical Testing Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tensiometers: Theory, construction, and use","docAbstract":"<p>Standard tensiometers are used to measure matric potential as low as −870 cm of water in the unsaturated zone by creating a saturated hydraulic link between the soil water and a pressure sensor. The direction and, in some cases, quantity of water flux can be determined using multiple installations.</p><p>A variety of commercial and fabricated tensiometers are commonly used. Saturated porous ceramic materials, which form an interface between the soil water and the bulk water inside the instrument, are available in many shapes, sizes, and pore diameters. A gage, manometer, or electronic pressure transducer is connected to the porous material with small- or large-diameter tubing. Selection of these components allows the user to optimize one or more characteristics, such as accuracy, versatility, response time, durability, maintenance, extent of data collection, and cost.</p><p>Special designs have extended the normal capabilities of tensiometers, allowing measurement in cold or remote areas, measurement of matric potential as low as −153 m of water (−15 bars), measurement at depths as deep as 6 m (recorded at land surface), and automatic measurement using as many as 22 tensiometers connected to a single pressure transducer.</p><p>Continuous hydraulic connection between the porous material and soil, and minimal disturbance of the natural infiltration pattern are necessary for successful installation. Avoidance of errors caused by air invasion, nonequilibrium of the instrument, or pressure-sensor inaccuracy will produce reliable values of matric potential, a first step in characterizing unsaturated flow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials International","doi":"10.1520/GTJ10224J","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D., 1992, Tensiometers: Theory, construction, and use: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 15, no. 1, p. 48-58, https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10224J.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c685724","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, D.I.","contributorId":100884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70195911,"text":"70195911 - 1992 - An aeromagnetic survey over the northwestern Ross Ice Shelf and the McMurdo Sound area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T08:52:14","indexId":"70195911","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3097,"text":"Polarforschung","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An aeromagnetic survey over the northwestern Ross Ice Shelf and the McMurdo Sound area","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of the expedition GANOVEX VI 1990/91, the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) carried out an airborne magnetic survey over the northwestern Ross Ice Shelf and McMurdo Sound between Ross Island, the Transantarctic Mountains, and Minna Bluff.</span></p><p><span>The area planned for the aeromagnetic survey connects directly with the GANOVEX IV survey area (BGR &amp; USGS 1987, BACHEM et al. 1989a) which terminated along an approximately cast-west line at about the latitude of Cape Bird. The GANOVEX IV survey covered the Victoria Land Basin - which is the westernmost of the three north/south striking basins in the Ross Sea - from its northern end in the Terra Nova Bay region to its known southern end at Ross Island. A possible southem extension of the Victoria Land Basin and its central graben structure (the Terror Rift as found from seismic surveys (COOPER et al. 1987) and what has been referred to as Victoria Graben in the aeromagnetic interpretation of the GANOVEX IV data (BOSUM et al. 1989) was one of the major targets for this survey.</span></p><p><span>The survey was laid out in the form of blocks. A 135 km wide transect from the Transantarctic Mountains to about 175° W formed the focal block of the survey (Fig. 1) in which all major scientific objectives could be covered. Other survey blocks were planned to the south of this. During the course of the survey it turned out that in the time available no further area could be covered. Indeed, the unfavourable weather conditions made it impossible to complete even the above described main section fully.</span></p><p><span>In detail, the lay-out of the survey area was closely following that of the GANOVEX IV survey to assure compatibility and direct continuation between the two data sets.</span></p><p><span>The line spacing was chosen again to 4.4 km with a tic-line separation of 22 km. The survey altitude of 2,000 ft (610 m) corresponds to that of the Ross Sea section of the GANOVEX IV survey to which this survey area is directly adjacent. The profile lines were aligned approximately E-W, the tie-lines N-S.</span></p><p><span>As part of the survey area is covered by the maps of the USGS Antarctica Reconnaissance Series 1:250,000 the Lambert conformal conic projection used for these maps was also used for the preparation of a flight line grid.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alfred Wegener Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Polarforschung","publisherLocation":"Bremerhaven, Germany","doi":"10.2312/polarforschung.60.2.152","usgsCitation":"Damaske, D., Meyer, U., McCafferty, A.E., Behrendt, J., and Hoppe, H., 1992, An aeromagnetic survey over the northwestern Ross Ice Shelf and the McMurdo Sound area: Polarforschung, v. 60, no. 2, p. 152-156, https://doi.org/10.2312/polarforschung.60.2.152.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"156","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Ice Shelf, McMurdo Sound","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2826e4b0da30c1bfd772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Damaske, Detlef","contributorId":77384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"Detlef","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Uwe","contributorId":1648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Uwe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Behrendt, John","contributorId":146726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoppe, Herbert","contributorId":14503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoppe","given":"Herbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187915,"text":"70187915 - 1992 - Lake acidity and mercury content of fish in Darwin National Reserve, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T13:03:23","indexId":"70187915","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake acidity and mercury content of fish in Darwin National Reserve, Russia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Darwin National Reserve is a protected natural area on the north-west shore of the Rybinsk Reservoir, 350 km north of Moscow. In June 1989, six lakes in the Reserve and the reservoir were surveyed to assess lake acidity and the mercury content of perch, </span><i>Perca fluviatilis</i><span>. Five were seepage lakes with no permanent inlets or outlets and one was a drainage lake with both an inlet and an outlet. The seepage lakes were acidic (mean pH 4·6–4·8) and varied in colour from 20 to 200 Hazen units. The drainage lake and reservoir were alkaline (mean pH 8·0–8·1) and colour spanned a similar range. The mean mercury content of perch dorsal epaxial muscle ranged from 0·5 to 1·1 μg g</span><sup>−1</sup><span> wet weight in the five acidic lakes and from 0·1 to 0·2 μg g</span><sup>−1</sup><span> in the alkaline lakes. Fish mercury contentwas negatively correlated with lake pH (</span><i>r</i><span> = −0·93, </span><i>P</i><span> = 0·002)if all waters were considered together, and positively correlated with apparent colour (</span><i>r</i><span> = 0·91, </span><i>P</i><span> = 0·03) in the seepage lakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(92)90017-5","usgsCitation":"Haines, T.A., Komov, V., and Jagoe, C.H., 1992, Lake acidity and mercury content of fish in Darwin National Reserve, Russia: Environmental Pollution, v. 78, no. 1-3, p. 107-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(92)90017-5.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341656,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd2e4b0b7ff9fb489dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Terry A.","contributorId":59860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Komov, V.","contributorId":92992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komov","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jagoe, C. H.","contributorId":97456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagoe","given":"C.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017106,"text":"70017106 - 1992 - Characteristics of a sandy depositional lobe on the outer Mississippi fan from SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T13:22:47.519085","indexId":"70017106","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of a sandy depositional lobe on the outer Mississippi fan from SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15574778\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images of the distal reaches of a depositional lobe on the Mississippi Fan show that channelized rather than unconfined transport was the dominant transport mechanism for coarse-grained sediment during the formation of this part of the deep-sea fan. Overbank sheet flow of sands was not an important process in the transport and deposition of the sandy and silty sediment found on this fan. The dendritic distributary pattern and the high order of splaying of the channels, only one of which appears to have been active at a time, suggest that coarse-grained deposits on this fan are laterally discontinuous.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0689:COASDL>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Schwab, W.C., Nelson, C., Kenyon, N.H., and Lee, H., 1992, Characteristics of a sandy depositional lobe on the outer Mississippi fan from SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images: Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 689-692, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0689:COASDL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"692","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f493e4b0c8380cd4bdca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70016312,"text":"70016312 - 1992 - Aquatic insects as bioindicators of trace element contamination in cobble-bottom rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T07:35:06","indexId":"70016312","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic insects as bioindicators of trace element contamination in cobble-bottom rivers and streams","docAbstract":"<p>In one river, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn were analysed in insects and in fine bed sediments over a 381-km reach downstream of a large copper mining complex. In another river, As contamination from a gold mine was assessed in insects and bed sediments over a 40-km reach. All insect taxa collected in contaminated river reaches had elevated whole-body trace element concentrations, but few species were distributed throughout the study reaches. Comparisons of contamination at taxomic levels higher than species were complicated by element-specific differences in bioaccumulation among taxa. These differences appeared to be governed by biological and hydrogeochemical factors. Variation in element concentrations among species of the caddisfly Hydropsyche was slightly greater than within individual species. If this genus is representative of others, comparisons of contamination within genera may be a practical alternative for biomonitoring studies when single species are not available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing ","doi":"10.1139/f92-237","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., Luoma, S., Carter, J., and Fend, S., 1992, Aquatic insects as bioindicators of trace element contamination in cobble-bottom rivers and streams: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 49, no. 10, p. 2141-2154, https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-237.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2141","endPage":"2154","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269547,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-237"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed0fe4b0c8380cd495d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017245,"text":"70017245 - 1992 - Comparison of methods for the removal of organic carbon and extraction of chromium, iron and manganese from an estuarine sediment standard and sediment from the Calcasieu River estuary, Louisiana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T06:20:40","indexId":"70017245","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods for the removal of organic carbon and extraction of chromium, iron and manganese from an estuarine sediment standard and sediment from the Calcasieu River estuary, Louisiana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) estuarine sediment 1646 from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, and surface sediment collected at two sites in the Calcasieu River estuary, Louisiana, were used to evaluate the dilute hydrochloric acid extraction of Cr, Fe and Mn from air-dried and freeze-dried samples that had been treated by one of three methods to remove organic carbon. The three methods for the oxidation and removal of organic carbon were: (1) 30% hydrogen peroxide; (2) 30% hydrogen peroxide plus 0.25 mM pyrophosphate; and (3) plasma oxidation (low-temperature ashing). There was no statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level between air- and freeze-dried samples with respect to the percent of organic carbon removed by the three methods. Generally, there was no statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level between air- and freeze-dried samples with respect to the concentration of Cr, Fe and Mn that was extracted, regardless of the extraction technique that was used. Hydrogen peroxide plus pyrophosphate removed the most organic carbon from sediment collected at the site in the Calcasieu River that was upstream from industrial outfalls. Plasma oxidation removed the most organic carbon from the sediment collected at a site in the Calcasieu River close to industrial outfalls and from the NBS estuarine sediment sample. Plasma oxidation merits further study as a treatment for removal of organic carbon. Operational parameters can be chosen to limit the plasma oxidation of pyrite which, unlike other Fe species, will not be dissolved by dilute hydrochloric acid. Preservation of pyrite allows the positive identification of Fe present as pyrite in sediments.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(92)90111-H","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., Hatcher, S., and Demas, C., 1992, Comparison of methods for the removal of organic carbon and extraction of chromium, iron and manganese from an estuarine sediment standard and sediment from the Calcasieu River estuary, Louisiana, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 100, no. 3-4, p. 175-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90111-H.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"189","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266070,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90111-H"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f875e4b0c8380cd4d104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, S.A.","contributorId":32686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demas, C.","contributorId":12630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017061,"text":"70017061 - 1992 - Distribution and effects of shallow gas on bulk estuarine sediment properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T14:14:37","indexId":"70017061","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and effects of shallow gas on bulk estuarine sediment properties","docAbstract":"<p>Gas bubble are present in sediments covering approximately 30% of the main stem of Chesapeake Bay, with bubbles occurring at the sediment-water interface in 18% of the main stem sediments. This biogenic gas is found either in the sediments in the lower salinity reaches of the Bay, or confined to sediments which overline infilled palaeodrainage channels formed during the Wisconsinan low sea level stand (approximately 18 ka). Gas associated with the old drainage network does not correlate with present bathymetry or sedimentological patterns. Some differences between the gas-charged and gas-free sediments are: (1) gas-charged sediments have water contents 10-20% higher than comparable gas-free cores; (2) organic matter is better presented with depth in the gas-charged sediments (upwards of 60% more at one depth); (3 monosulphides are dominant sulphide mineral phase within the gas-charged sediments, comprising over 40% of the total sulphur. Within the gas-free sediments monosulphides are significant only near the sediment-water interface and rapidly become negligible with depth, and; (4) cores of gas-charged sediments are highly colour-banded due to preservation of sulphide mineral variations, while gas-free cores are diagenetically altered to pyrite.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(92)90081-T","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Hill, J.M., Halka, J., Conkwright, R., Koczot, K., and Coleman, S., 1992, Distribution and effects of shallow gas on bulk estuarine sediment properties: Continental Shelf Research, v. 12, no. 10, p. 1219-1229, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(92)90081-T.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1229","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.65435791015625,\n              39.457402514270825\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.65435791015625,\n              39.457402514270825\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.65435791015625,\n              39.457402514270825\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.65435791015625,\n              39.457402514270825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.761474609375,\n              38.156156969924915\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.95123291015625,\n              38.156156969924915\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.95123291015625,\n              39.51039803578193\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.761474609375,\n              39.51039803578193\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.761474609375,\n              38.156156969924915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a028be4b0c8380cd500c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, J. M.","contributorId":55400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halka, J.P.","contributorId":27551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halka","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conkwright, R.","contributorId":69717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conkwright","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koczot, K.","contributorId":46698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coleman, S.","contributorId":69718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017268,"text":"70017268 - 1992 - Mineralogy and geothermometry of high-temperature rhyolites from the central and western Snake River Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017268","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geothermometry of high-temperature rhyolites from the central and western Snake River Plain","docAbstract":"Voluminous mid-Miocene rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs and lava flows are exposed along the northern and southern margins of the central and western Snake River Plain. These rhyolites are essentially anhydrous with the general mineral assemblage of plagioclase ??sanidine ?? quartz + augite + pigeonite ?? hypersthene ?? fayalitic olivine + Fe-Ti oxides + apatite + zircon which provides an opportunity to compare feldspar, pyroxene, and Fe-Ti oxide equilibration temperatures for the same rocks. Estimated pyroxene equilibration temperatures (based on the geothermometers of Lindsley and coworkers) range from 850 to 1000??C, and these are well correlated with whole-rock compositions. With the exception of one sample, agreement between the two-pyroxene thermometers tested is well within 50??C. Fe-Ti oxide geothermometers applied to fresh magnetite and ilmenite generally yield temperatures about 50 to 100??C lower than the pyroxene temperatures, and erratic results are obtained if these minerals exhibit effects of subsolidus oxidation and exsolution. Results of feldspar thermometry are more complicated, and reflect uncertainties in the thermometer calibrations as well as in the degree of attainment of equilibrium between plagioclase and sanidine. In general, temperatures obtained using the Ghiorso (1984) and Green and Usdansky (1986) feldspar thermometers agree with the pyroxene temperatures within the respective uncertainties. However, uncertainties in the feldspar temperatures are the larger of the two (and exceed ??60??C for many samples). The feldspar thermometer of Fuhrman and Lindsley (1988) produces systematically lower temperatures for many of the samples studied. The estimated pyroxene temperatures are considered most representative of actual magmatic temperatures for these rhyolites. This range of temperatures is significantly higher than those for rhyolites from many other suites, and is consistent with the hypothesis that the Snake River Plain rhyolitic magmas formed by partial fusion of relatively dry (e.g. granulitic) crustal lithologies. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00278390","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Honjo, N., Bonnichsen, B., Leeman, W., and Stormer, J., 1992, Mineralogy and geothermometry of high-temperature rhyolites from the central and western Snake River Plain: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 220-237, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278390.","startPage":"220","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205491,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278390"},{"id":224491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5abee4b0c8380cd6f0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honjo, N.","contributorId":30764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honjo","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonnichsen, B.","contributorId":19300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonnichsen","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leeman, W.P.","contributorId":7841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeman","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stormer, J.C. Jr.","contributorId":25709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stormer","given":"J.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017291,"text":"70017291 - 1992 - Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017291","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments","docAbstract":"Faced with an ever-increasing diversity of demand for the use of public lands, managers and planners are turning more often to a multiple-use approach to meet those demands. This approach requires the uses to be mutually compatible and to utilize the more valuable attributes or resource values of the land. Therefore, it is imperative that planners be provided with all available information on attribute and resource values in a timely fashion and in a format that facilitates a comparative evaluation. The Kootenai National Forest administration enlisted the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines to perform a quantitative assessment of future copper/silver production potential within the forest from sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Revett Formation that are similar to those being mined at the Troy Mine near Spar Lake. The U.S. Geological Survey employed a quantitative assessment technique that compared the favorable host terrane in the Kootenai area with worldwide examples of known sediment-hosted copper deposits. The assessment produced probabilistic estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits that may be present in the area and of the copper and silver endowment that might be contained in them. Results of the assessment suggest that the copper/silver deposit potential is highest in the southwestern one-third of the forest. In this area there is an estimated 50 percent probability of at least 50 additional deposits occurring mostly within approximately 260,000 acres where the Revett Formation is thought to be present in the subsurface at depths of less than 1,500 meters. A Monte Carlo type simulation using data on the grade and tonnage characteristics of other known silver-rich, sediment-hosted copper deposits predicts a 50 percent probability that these undiscovered deposits will contain at least 19 million tonnes of copper and 100,000 tonnes of silver. Combined with endowments estimated for identified, but not thoroughly explored deposits, and deposits that might also occur in the remaining area of the forest, the endowment potential increases to 23 million tonnes of copper and 190,000 tonnes of silver. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782270","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Spanski, G., 1992, Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 2, p. 163-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782270.","startPage":"163","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782270"},{"id":224831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9206e4b0c8380cd805e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spanski, G.T.","contributorId":29842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001183,"text":"1001183 - 1992 - The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:12:39.165961","indexId":"1001183","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints","docAbstract":"Date of wing molt initiation, based on the regression of tenth primary length on capture date, was calculated for breeding and nonbreeding Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) on the Colville River Delta, Alaska. Breeding females initiated wing molt significantly later than breeding males and nonbreeding males and females; the molt of breeding females was correlated with the date on which their eggs hatched. Breeding males did not differ significantly from nonbreeding males and females in the date of molt initiation. Timing of molt in breeding males and females was consistent with the views that females delay molt while replenishing energy spent on reproduction, but was also consistent with the breeding pair's need for primaries to defend territories and to defend and brood young. Other results, including an increase in an index of female body condition throughout most of the molt period, and a positive correlation between clutch size and female hatch-to-molt interval, were not predicted by the hypothesis that past energy expenditures constrain the timing of molt. Patterns of wing molt within and among other Northern Hemisphere geese and swans are also difficult to explain on the basis of energetics alone. For example, breeding females initiate molt before breeding males in many species. Also, there is extreme asynchrony between mates in two swan species; one of those species also exhibits variation in which sex initiates wing molt first. Both patterns suggest that asynchrony, per se, is important, probably to facilitate brood protection or territory defense. In Tundra Swans and other northern breeding geese and swans, the non-energetic demands of territory defense, brood defense, and brooding are probably important constraints on the timing of wing molt.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369282","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S., 1992, The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints: Condor, v. 94, p. 847-856, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369282.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"856","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.10253906249997,\n              61.87687021463305\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              61.87687021463305\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              63.213829705155625\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.10253906249997,\n              63.213829705155625\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.10253906249997,\n              61.87687021463305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b6e4b07f02db534263","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, S.L.","contributorId":27018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016896,"text":"70016896 - 1992 - Age and nature of the basement in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho: isotopic evidence from Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitoids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T00:19:55.863815","indexId":"70016896","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and nature of the basement in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho: isotopic evidence from Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitoids","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>K-feldspar Pb and whole rock Nd isotopic analyses from 25 Mesozoic and Cenozoic plutonic rocks and two gneisses from NE Washington and northern Idaho are used to elucidate the age and nature of the concealed cratonic basement. The plutons form two highly distinct isotopie groups: Group I (hornblende-biotite and two-mica plutons of all ages) have Pb isotopie compositions suggesting derivation from rocks of the Belt Supergroup or their metamorphosed equivalents, although Nd isotopie data can only support this model if there was a significant input of juvenile mantle-derived or ancient light REE-depleted material. Group II (hornblende-biotite of Eocene age) have highly retarded Pb isotopie compositions relative to the present day crustal average and require a source region with long-term U (and other LIL) depletion, characteristic of cratonic lower crust. A U-Pb zircon upper intercept age of ca. 2600 Ma obtained from one of the Group II samples, together with Sm-Nd data from the gneisses, indicates possible late-Archean crust at depth, which acted as a source region for Eocene extension-related plutonism. Isotopie compositions and apparent geochemical evolution do not support a direct correlation with the nearest exposed North American Craton in the Wyoming province. If it represents attenuated pre-Mesozoic craton, then it must have been accreted to the craton prior to development of the miogeocline in the Late Proterozoic. Alternatively, it may be part of the Cordilleria terrane accreted to the craton in the Early Cretaceous.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629622","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Whitehouse, M., Stacey, J.S., and Miller, F.K., 1992, Age and nature of the basement in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho: isotopic evidence from Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitoids: Journal of Geology, v. 100, no. 6, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.1086/629622.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8dee4b0c8380cd47f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehouse, M.J.","contributorId":87699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehouse","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016862,"text":"70016862 - 1992 - Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T14:35:46.259299","indexId":"70016862","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":941,"text":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Platinum‐group element minerals (PGM) occur in significant proportions in placer deposits in several localities in South Kalimantan. They consist of Pt‐Fe alloy that may be intergrown with or contain inclusions of Ir‐Os‐Ru alloy, laurite and chromite. Alluvial PGM found along Sungai Tambanio are in part derived from chromitite schlieren in dunitic bodies intruded into clinopyroxene cumulates that may be part of an Alaskan‐type ultramafic complex. A chromitite schlieren in serpentinite from one of these dunitic bodies is anomalous in PGE (Pt: 580 ppb; Pd: 3.4 ppb; Rh: 1 ppb; Ru: 9 ppb; Ir: 21 ppb; and Os: 3.9 ppb). The chondrite‐normalized PGE pattern for this rock, pan concentrates from this area, and PGM concentrates from diamond‐Au‐PGM placer deposits have an ‘M'‐shaped pattern enriched in Ir and Pt that is typical of PGE‐mineralization associated with Alaskan‐type ultramafic complexes.</span><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><strong></strong></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/08120099208728033","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Pardiarto, B., Simandjuntak, H.R., Wikrama, A., Oscarson, R.L., Meier, A.L., and Carlson, R.R., 1992, Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 39, no. 3, p. 405-417, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099208728033.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"405","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","state":"South Kalimantan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              114.65945835600536,\n              -4.2368231340230835\n            ],\n            [\n              115.59459857259452,\n              -3.815204863732106\n            ],\n            [\n              115.74781363632894,\n              -2.892224665820109\n            ],\n            [\n              115.087403878852,\n              -2.739194623430407\n            ],\n            [\n              114.54850951674905,\n              -3.5410405620093997\n            ],\n            [\n              114.6119088534673,\n              -4.226285382436345\n            ],\n            [\n              114.66474163406554,\n              -4.2526294920889285\n            ],\n            [\n              114.65945835600536,\n              -4.2526294920889285\n            ],\n            [\n              114.65945835600536,\n              -4.2368231340230835\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b89e4b0c8380cd794cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardiarto, B.","contributorId":302915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pardiarto","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simandjuntak, H. R. W.","contributorId":302916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simandjuntak","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wikrama, A.","contributorId":302917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wikrama","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":865825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":302918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carlson, R. R.","contributorId":75918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70016861,"text":"70016861 - 1992 - Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:12:59","indexId":"70016861","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis","docAbstract":"<p>In order to represent hysteretic soil water retention curves accurately using as few measurements as possible, a new semiempirical model has been developed. It has two postulates related to physical characteristics of the medium, and two parameters, each with a definite physical interpretation, whose values are determined empirically for a given porous medium. One parameter represents the fraction of the pore space that is not subject to Haines jump hysteresis. Its associated postulate is that a single value of this parameter characterizes a given medium, or, equivalently, that the medium is self-similar with respect to the division between hysteretic and nonhysteretic pore space. The second parameter is the effective body-to-neck size ratio of the medium's largest pore. The second postulate specifies a particular relation between the size distributions of pore bodies and of pore necks. Tests of the model show that it provides high-quality optimized fits to measured water content vs. matric pressure wetting curves for a wide variety of media. The parameter values obtained through optimization correlate plausibly with such media properties as uniformity of particles, complexity of structure, and degree of compaction. A practical use of this model is to provide a complete simulated main wetting curve for a medium where only a main drying curve and two points on the wetting curve have been measured. With additional development, it may be possible to do without the two measured wetting points if parameters can be evaluated from other measurements or known properties of the medium.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060011x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., 1992, Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1723-1730, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060011x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1723","endPage":"1730","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d0ee4b08c986b318248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016822,"text":"70016822 - 1992 - Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:48:27.889988","indexId":"70016822","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>During the great 1964 earthquake, parts of coastal southern Alaska subsided tectonically as much as 2 m, and this led to burial of high-intertidal organic-rich marshes by low-intertidal and tidal silt. In the tectonically active part of upper Cook Inlet, the presence of stratigraphic sections containing numerous prehistoric interbedded layers of peat and silt suggests that such stratigraphy resulted when marshes and forests were similarly inundated and buried by intertidal and tidal sediment as a result of great, prehistoric earthquakes.</p><p>This study tests the feasibility of using buried, radiocarbon-dated, late Holocene peat layers that are exposed in the intertidal zone of upper Cook Inlet to determine earthquake recurrence intervals, because estimates of the recurrence intervals of past earthquakes are needed for evaluation of the potential for future earthquakes. In a reconnaissance study of interbedded peat and silt, 65 conventional radiocarbon dates from peat and other organic material in 25 measured sections in the intertidal zone and one drillhole were used. Radiocarbon ages from the tops of peat beds cluster weakly but may indicate that regional subsidence events recurred at irregular intervals between about 200 to 800 radiocarbon yr within the past 3,200 radiocarbon yr. Conversion to calibrated ages does not alter this range substantially but may extend both ends of the age range. Coeval and correlative stratigraphy and radiocarbon data in the buried peat layers of upper Cook Inlet strongly suggest sudden, subsidence-induced layering. Because of problems associated with conventional radiocarbon dating, the complex stratigraphy of the study area, the tectonic setting, and regional changes in sea level, conclusions from the study do not permit precise identification of the timing and recurrence of paleoseismic events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0684:UORDSI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bartsch-Winkler, S., and Schmoll, H., 1992, Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 6, p. 684-694, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0684:UORDSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"684","endPage":"694","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"upper Cook Inlet region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.21835533891556,\n              62.26809200594323\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.26132408891561,\n              62.26809200594323\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.26132408891561,\n              59.88911950060532\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.21835533891556,\n              59.88911950060532\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.21835533891556,\n              62.26809200594323\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0d0e4b08c986b32a32d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, S.","contributorId":31388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoll, H. R.","contributorId":71543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016607,"text":"70016607 - 1992 - Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: II. Some general geologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T17:20:15.447431","indexId":"70016607","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: II. Some general geologic applications","docAbstract":"<p><span>The experimental metal solubilities for rock-buffered hydrothermal systems, reported by Hemley et al. (1992), provide important insights into the acquisition, transport, and deposition of metals in real hydrothermal systems that produced base metal ore deposits. Water-rock reactions that determine pH, together with total chloride and changes in temperature and fluid pressure, play significant roles in controlling the solubility of metals and determining where metals are fixed to form ore deposits.Hydrothermal systems circulate fluids and heat, and the transport path of a hydrothermal fluid is likely to lie somewhere between an adiabatic (no heat loss to adjacent rocks) and a geothermal (complete thermal equilibrium with adjacent rock) path. The transport path of the hydrothermal fluids emanating from, or circulating near, deep-seated crystallizing plutons can be approximated by a quasi-adiabatic pressure-temperature path. In such a quasi-adiabatic setting, the pressure effect on rock-buffered metal solubilities is significant and allows metal transport over long distances because the trend of decreasing metal solubility with decreasing temperature is compensated by the trend of increasing metal solubility with decreasing pressure. The high-temperature portion of a quasi-adiabatic hydrothermal system will tend to leach metals from the rock and fix K and Na in feldspars. The source of the extracted metals may be late-stage magmatic melt, trace metals distributed in the lattice of silicate minerals destroyed during rock metasomatism, and/or small amounts of base metal sulfides disseminated throughout a given rock.Deposition of metals in hydrothermal systems occurs where changes such as cooling, pH increase due to rock alteration, boiling, or fluid mixing cause the aqueous metal concentration to exceed saturation. Relative metal transport concentrations, the availability of sulfur, the disposition of the saturation surfaces relative to each other, and the interplay of these variables through time are the major factors controlling the pattern of metal deposition (and nondeposition).Metal zoning results from deposition occurring at successive saturation surfaces. Zoning is not a reflection simply of relative solubility but of the manner of intersection of transport concentration paths with those surfaces. The experimental results are consistent with the typical outward zonation of Cu-Zn-Pb observed in porphyry coppers, Butte-type base metal vein deposits, skarns, and massive sulfides. Implications to mineralization patterns in Mississippi Valley-type, sedimentary Cu, and other low-temperature deposits are also of interest, with due recognition of the greater uncertainty regarding speciation and attainment of equilibrium in those environments. In such deposits, a probable outward zoning of Cu-Zn-Pb-Fe is suggested from the results.Saturation surfaces will tend to migrate outward and inward in prograde and retrograde time, respectively, controlled by either temperature or chemical variables. This, in turn, gives rise to zone migration and, where one zone encroaches on another, the appropriate apparent paragenetic relations. Such textural implications are incorrect, however, unless viewed within the context of the overall mineralization process. Additional controls bearing on metal precipitation sequence and coprecipitation, the presence or absence of zoning, reversals in zoning, sulfidation state, and timing relations between alteration and metallization are implicit in the results and are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.23","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Hemley, J., and Hunt, J., 1992, Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: II. Some general geologic applications: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 23-43, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.23.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37a4e4b0c8380cd61041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemley, J.J.","contributorId":59556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemley","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, J.P.","contributorId":9405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017185,"text":"70017185 - 1992 - The Mount Edgecumbe tephra deposits, a marker horizon in southeastern Alaska near the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T14:01:00","indexId":"70017185","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mount Edgecumbe tephra deposits, a marker horizon in southeastern Alaska near the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary","docAbstract":"Late Pleistocene tephra deposits found from Sitka to Juneau and Lituya Bay are assigned to a source at the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, based on similarity of glass compositions to nearvent deposits and on thinning away from Kruzof Island. The sequence of near-vent layers is basaltic andesite and andesite at the base, rhyolite, and mixed dacite and rhyolite on top. The only breaks in the tephra sequence are two 1-mm-thick silt partings in a lake-sediment core, indicating a depositional interval from basaltic andesite to dacite of no more than about a millennium. Tephra deposits at sites >30 km from the vent are solely dacite and rhyolite and are 10,600 to 11,400 14C yr old based on interpretation of 18 radiocarbon ages, including 5 by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Basaltic andesite and andesite deposits nearer the vent are as much as 12,000 yr old. Discrepancy among radiocarbon ages of upland tephra deposits provisionally correlated as the same grainfall is resolvable within ??2 ?? of analytical uncertainty. Comparison of bulk and AMS ages in one sediment core indicates a systematic bias of +600 to +1100 yr for the bulk ages; correlation of tephra deposits among upland and lacustrine sites implies an additional discrepancy of 200-400 yr between upland (relatively too young) and lacustrine ages. In any case, the Mount Edgecumbe tephra deposits are a widespread, latest Pleistocene stratigraphic marker that serves to emphasize the uncertainty in dating biogenic material from southeastern Alaska. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(92)90081-S","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Mann, D., Peteet, D., Engstrom, D., Brew, D.A., and Meyer, C., 1992, The Mount Edgecumbe tephra deposits, a marker horizon in southeastern Alaska near the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary: Quaternary Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 183-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90081-S.","startPage":"183","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266486,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90081-S"},{"id":224582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba809e4b08c986b321986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, D.H.","contributorId":23282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peteet, D.M.","contributorId":86495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peteet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engstrom, D.R.","contributorId":88496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016152,"text":"70016152 - 1992 - The study of the undiscovered mineral resources of the Tongass National Forest and adjacent lands, Southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016152","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The study of the undiscovered mineral resources of the Tongass National Forest and adjacent lands, Southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The quantitative probabilistic assessment of the undiscovered mineral resources of the 17.1-million-acre Tongass National Forest (the largest in the United States) and its adjacent lands is a nonaggregated, mineral-resource-tract-oriented assessment designed for land-planning purposes. As such, it includes the renewed use of gross-in-place values (GIPV's) in dollars of the estimated amounts of metal contained in the undiscovered resources as a measure for land-use planning. Southeastern Alaska is geologically complex and contains a wide variety of known mineral deposits, some of which have produced important amounts of metals during the past 100 years. Regional geological, economic geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral exploration history information for the region was integrated to define 124 tracts likely to contain undiscovered mineral resources. Some tracts were judged to contain more than one type of mineral deposit. Each type of deposit may contain one or more metallic elements of economic interest. For tracts where information was sufficient, the minimum number of as-yet-undiscovered deposits of each type was estimated at probability levels of 0.95, 0.90, 0.50, 0.10, and 0.05. The undiscovered mineral resources of the individual tracts were estimated using the U.S. Geological Survey's MARK3 mineral-resource endowment simulator; those estimates were used to calculate GIPV's for the individual tracts. Those GIPV's were aggregated to estimate the value of the undiscovered mineral resources of southeastern Alaska. The aggregated GIPV of the estimates is $40.9 billion. Analysis of this study indicates that (1) there is only a crude positive correlation between the size of individual tracts and their mean GIPV's: and (2) the number of mineral-deposit types in a tract does not dominate the GIPV's of the tracts, but the inferred presence of synorogenic-synvolcanic nickel-copper, porphyry copper skarn-related, iron skarn, and porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits does. The influence of this study on the U.S. Forest Service planning process is yet to be determined. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782695","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Drew, L., and Ludington, S.D., 1992, The study of the undiscovered mineral resources of the Tongass National Forest and adjacent lands, Southeastern Alaska: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 4, p. 303-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782695.","startPage":"303","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782695"},{"id":222993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0a1e4b08c986b324f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludington, S. D.","contributorId":80682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"S.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017305,"text":"70017305 - 1992 - Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T15:41:21","indexId":"70017305","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago","docAbstract":"<p>UPWELLING of nutrient-rich Pacific deep water along the North American west coast is ultimately driven by the temperature difference between air masses over land and over the ocean. The intensity of upwelling, and biological production in the region, could therefore be affected by anthropogenic climate change. Examination of the geological record is one way to study the link between climate and upwelling. Because Pacific deep water is enriched in cadmium, dissolved cadmium concentrations in coastal water off central California reflect the intensity of upwelling. By demonstrating that the Cd/Ca ratio in the shell of a benthic foraminifer, Elphidiella hannai, is proportional to the Cd concentration in coastal water, we show here that foraminiferal Cd/Ca ratios can be used to detect past changes in mean upwelling intensity. Examination of a sediment core from the mouth of San Francisco Bay reveals that foraminiferal Cd/Ca decreased by about 30% from 4,000 years ago to the present, probably because of a reduction in coastal upwelling. This observation is consistent with predictions of atmospheric general circulation models that northwesterly winds, which drive upwelling, became weaker over this period as summer insolation of the Northern Hemisphere decreased.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/358054a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., Luoma, N., Fuller, C.C., Anima, R., Clifton, H., and Trumbore, S., 1992, Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago: Nature, v. 358, no. 6381, p. 54-56, https://doi.org/10.1038/358054a0.","startPage":"54","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61v845hk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"358","issue":"6381","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d59e4b0c8380cd52f80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, N.","contributorId":66430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anima, R.","contributorId":77304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clifton, H.E.","contributorId":44151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trumbore, S.","contributorId":89287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbore","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70017336,"text":"70017336 - 1992 - Comparison of the effects of filtration and preservation methods on analyses for strontium-90 in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:42:30.175746","indexId":"70017336","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the effects of filtration and preservation methods on analyses for strontium-90 in ground water","docAbstract":"<p>From 1952 to 1988, about 140 curies of strontium-90 were discharged in liquid waste to disposal ponds and wells at the INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory). Water from four wells was sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's quality-assurance program to evaluate the effects of filtration and preservation methods on strontium-90 concentrations in ground water at the INEL. Water from each well was filtered through either a 0.45- or a 0.1-micrometer membrane filter; unfiltered samples also were collected. Two sets of filtered and two sets of unfiltered water samples were collected at each well. One of the two sets of water samples was field acidified.</p><p>Strontium-90 concentrations ranged from below the reporting level to 52±4 picocuries per liter. Descriptive statistics were used to determine reproducibility of the analytical results for strontium-90 concentrations in water from each well. Comparisons were made with unfiltered, acidified samples at each well. Analytical results for strontium-90 concentrations in water from well 88 were not in statistical agreement between the unfiltered, acidified sample and the filtered (0.45 micrometer), acidified sample. The strontium-90 concentration for water from well 88 was less than the reporting level.</p><p>For water from wells with strontium-90 concentrations at or above the reporting level, 94 percent or more of the strontium-90 is in true solution or in colloidal particles smaller than 0.1 micrometer. These results suggest that changes in filtration and preservation methods used for sample collection do not significantly affect reproducibility of strontium-90 analyses in ground water at the INEL.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00396522","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Knobel, L., Cecil, L., Wegner, S., and Moore, L., 1992, Comparison of the effects of filtration and preservation methods on analyses for strontium-90 in ground water: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 20, no. 1, p. 67-80, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396522.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8abe4b0c8380cd4d1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knobel, L.L.","contributorId":83115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":66856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L. DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegner, S.J.","contributorId":36950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, L.L.","contributorId":108145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000742,"text":"1000742 - 1992 - Morphology of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) protolarvae from the St. Louis River, Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T11:22:34.312528","indexId":"1000742","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) protolarvae from the St. Louis River, Lake Superior","docAbstract":"We describe hatching and the morphological and meristic characteristics of 2.5-5.6 mm long ruffe protolarvae (Gymnocephalus cernuus).  Eggs and sperm from St. Louis River ruffe were mixed, producing fertilized eggs that were 0.9-1.2 mm in diameter.  Newly hatched protolarvae were 2.5-3.2 mm long.  They had 14-15 preanal and 23-24 postanal myomeres, a continuous finfold of even width, unpigmented eyes, and a large anterior oil globule in the yolk sac, and the head deflected over the yolk sac.  Pectoral fin buds appeared on the dorsal side of the yolk sac 5 hours after hatching.  Two-day-old protolarvae had fully pigmented eyes, and the head was free from the yolk sac.  Three-day-old protolarvae were 3.9-4.3 mm long and possessed opercula, gills, pectoral fins, and a functional jaw.  Feeding and swimming began about one week after hatching when the yolk sac was almost completely absorbed.  Protolarvae grew rapidly at 20-22 degrees C and were 4.9-5.6 mm long after 13 days.  Newly hatched ruffe protolarvae are distinguished from other Lake Superior percids by having the fewest preanal myomeres (14-15), the head deflected over the yolk sac, continuous finfold of even width, and a total length of less than 4.0 mm.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","usgsCitation":"French, J.R., and Edsall, T.A., 1992, Morphology of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) protolarvae from the St. Louis River, Lake Superior: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 7, no. 1, p. 59-68.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b476a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, John R. P. III","contributorId":107635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":309298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017150,"text":"70017150 - 1992 - Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T16:53:42.972072","indexId":"70017150","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Partitioning available energy between plants and bare soil in sparsely vegetated rangelands will allow hydrologists and others to gain a greater understanding of water use by native vegetation, especially phreatophytes. Standard methods of conducting energy budget studies result in measurements of latent and sensible heat fluxes above the plant canopy which therefore include the energy fluxes from both the canopy and the soil. One-dimensional theoretical numerical models have been proposed recently for the partitioning of energy in sparse crops. Bowen ratio and other micrometeorological data collected over phreatophytes growing in areas of shallow ground water in central Nevada were used to evaluate the feasibility of using these models, which are based on surface and within-canopy aerodynamic resistances, to determine heat and water vapor transport in sparsely vegetated rangelands. The models appear to provide reasonably good estimates of sensible heat flux from the soil and latent heat flux from the canopy. Estimates of latent heat flux from the soil were less satisfactory. Sensible heat flux from the canopy was not well predicted by the present resistance formulations. Also, estimates of total above-canopy fluxes were not satisfactory when using a single value for above-canopy bulk aerodynamic resistance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(92)90039-7","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1992, Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 60, no. 3-4, p. 221-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(92)90039-7.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0946e4b0c8380cd51e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}