{"pageNumber":"3512","pageRowStart":"87775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70020493,"text":"70020493 - 1998 - Sorrption of aquatic fulvic acid on streambed iron oxides: In-stream reaction rates and chemical fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020493","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":610,"text":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorrption of aquatic fulvic acid on streambed iron oxides: In-stream reaction rates and chemical fractionation","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Hornberger, G., and Bencala, K., 1998, Sorrption of aquatic fulvic acid on streambed iron oxides: In-stream reaction rates and chemical fractionation: ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 38, no. 2, p. 62-63.","startPage":"62","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9312e4b08c986b31a28f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.","contributorId":50687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.","contributorId":46258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020473,"text":"70020473 - 1998 - New roles for an old resource: Ferromanganese nodules assist mine cleanup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020473","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New roles for an old resource: Ferromanganese nodules assist mine cleanup","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Robbins, E.I., 1998, New roles for an old resource: Ferromanganese nodules assist mine cleanup: Geotimes, v. 43, no. 5, p. 14-17.","startPage":"14","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a660de4b0c8380cd72ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, E. I.","contributorId":101269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020194,"text":"70020194 - 1998 - Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020194","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest","docAbstract":"Ecological responses to climatic variability in the Southwest include regionally synchronized fires, insect outbreaks, and pulses in tree demography (births and deaths). Multicentury, tree-ring reconstructions of drought, disturbance history, and tree demography reveal climatic effects across scales, from annual to decadal, and from local (<102 km2) to mesoscale (104-106 km2). Climate-disturbance relations are more variable and complex than previously assumed. During the past three centuries, mesoscale outbreaks of the western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) were associated with wet, not dry episodes, contrary to conventional wisdom. Regional fires occur during extreme droughts but, in some ecosystems, antecedent wet conditions play a secondary role by regulating accumulation of fuels. Interdecadal changes in fire-climate associations parallel other evidence for shifts in the frequency or amplitude of the Southern Oscillation (SO) during the past three centuries. High interannual, fire-climate correlations (r = 0.7 to 0.9) during specific decades (i.e., circa 1740-80 and 1830-60) reflect periods of high amplitude in the SO and rapid switching from extreme wet to dry years in the Southwest, thereby entraining fire occurrence across the region. Weak correlations from 1780 to 1830 correspond with a decrease in SO frequency or amplitude inferred from independent tree-ring width, ice core, and coral isotope reconstructions. Episodic dry and wet episodes have altered age structures and species composition of woodland and conifer forests. The scarcity of old, living conifers established before circa 1600 suggests that the extreme drought of 1575-95 had pervasive effects on tree populations. The most extreme drought of the past 400 years occurred in the mid-twentieth century (1942-57). This drought resulted in broadscale plant dieoffs in shrublands, woodlands, and forests and accelerated shrub invasion of grasslands. Drought conditions were broken by the post-1976 shift to the negative SO phase and wetter cool seasons in the Southwest. The post-1976 period shows up as an unprecedented surge in tree-ring growth within millennia-length chronologies. This unusual episode may have produced a pulse in tree recruitment and improved rangeland conditions (e.g., higher grass production), though additional study is needed to disentangle the interacting roles of land use and climate. The 1950s drought and the post-1976 wet period and their aftermaths offer natural experiments to study long-term ecosystem response to interdecadal climate variability.Ecological responses to climatic variability in the Southwest include regionally synchronized fires, insect outbreaks, and pulses in tree demography (births and deaths). Multicentury, tree-ring reconstructions of drought, disturbance history, and tree demography reveal climatic effects across scales, from annual to decadal, and from local (<102 km2) to mesoscale (104-106 km2). Climate-disturbance relations are more variable and complex than previously assumed. During the past three centuries, mesoscale outbreaks of the western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) were associated with wet, not dry episodes, contrary to conventional wisdom. Regional fires occur during extreme droughts but, in some ecosystems, antecedent wet conditions play a secondary role by regulating accumulation of fuels. Interdecadal changes in fire-climate associations parallel other evidence for shifts in the frequency or amplitude of the Southern Oscillation (SO) during the past three centuries. High interannual, fire-climate correlations (r = 0.7 to 0.9) during specific decades (i.e., circa 1740-80 and 1830-60) reflect periods of high amplitude in the SO and rapid switching from extreme wet to dry years in the Southwest, thereby entraining fire occurrence across the region. Weak correlations from 1780 to 1830 correspond with a decrease in SO frequency or amplitude inferred from independent tree-ring width, ic","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Swetnam, T., and Betancourt, J., 1998, Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest: Journal of Climate, v. 11, no. 12, p. 3128-3147.","startPage":"3128","endPage":"3147","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5448e4b0c8380cd6cf31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swetnam, T.W.","contributorId":95433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swetnam","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020328,"text":"70020328 - 1998 - Estimation of the intrinsic absorption and scattering attenuation in Northeastern Venezuela (Southeastern Caribbean) using coda waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020328","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of the intrinsic absorption and scattering attenuation in Northeastern Venezuela (Southeastern Caribbean) using coda waves","docAbstract":"Northeastern Venezuela has been studied in terms of coda wave attenuation using seismograms from local earthquakes recorded by a temporary short-period seismic network. The studied area has been separated into two subregions in order to investigate lateral variations in the attenuation parameters. Coda-Q-1 (Q(c)-1) has been obtained using the single-scattering theory. The contribution of the intrinsic absorption (Q(i)-1) and scattering (Q(s)-1) to total attenuation (Q(t)-1) has been estimated by means of a multiple lapse time window method, based on the hypothesis of multiple isotropic scattering with uniform distribution of scatterers. Results show significant spatial variations of attenuation: the estimates for intermediate depth events and for shallow events present major differences. This fact may be related to different tectonic characteristics that may be due to the presence of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, because the intermediate depth seismic zone may be coincident with the southern continuation of the subducting slab under the arc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Ugalde, F., Pujades, L., Canas, J., and Villasenor, A., 1998, Estimation of the intrinsic absorption and scattering attenuation in Northeastern Venezuela (Southeastern Caribbean) using coda waves: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 153, no. 2-4, p. 685-702.","startPage":"685","endPage":"702","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bb7e4b0c8380cd52846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ugalde, F.","contributorId":84536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ugalde","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pujades, L.G.","contributorId":28038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pujades","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Canas, J.A.","contributorId":62371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canas","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Villasenor, A.","contributorId":52733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020660,"text":"70020660 - 1998 - Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the Donner Lake-Cisco Grove area, northern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T12:03:16","indexId":"70020660","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3550,"text":"The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon","printIssn":"0894-802X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the Donner Lake-Cisco Grove area, northern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"The northernmost occurrences of extensive, glaciated exposures of the Sierra Nevada batholith occur in the Donner Lake-Cisco Grove area of the northern Sierra Nevada. The plutonic rocks in this area, which are termed here the Castle Valley plutonic assemblage, crop out over an area of 225 km2 and for the most part are shown as a single undifferentiated mass on previously published geological maps. In the present work, the plutonic assemblage is divided into eight separate intrusive units or lithodemes, two of which each consist of two separate plutons. Compositions are dominantly granodiorite and tonalite, but diorite and granite form small plutons in places. Spectacular examples of comb layering and orbicular texture occur in the diorites. U-Pb zircon ages have been obtained for all but one of the main units and range from ~120 to 114 Ma, indicating that the entire assemblage was emplaced in a narrow time frame in the Early Cretaceous. This is consistent with abundant field evidence that many of the individual phases were intruded penecontemporaneously. The timing of emplacement correlates with onset of major Cretaceous plutonism in the main part of the Sierra Nevada batholith farther south. The emplacement ages also are similar to isotopic ages for gold-quartz mineralization in the Sierran foothills west of the study area, suggesting a direct genetic relationship between the voluminous Early Cretaceous plutonism and hydrothermal gold mineralization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0894802X","usgsCitation":"Kulow, M.J., Hanson, R.E., Girty, G.H., Girty, M.S., and Harwood, D.S., 1998, Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the Donner Lake-Cisco Grove area, northern Sierra Nevada, California: The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 74, no. 3, p. 69-76.","startPage":"69","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcace4b0c8380cd4e391","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulow, Matthew J.","contributorId":60404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulow","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Richard E.","contributorId":72559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girty, Gary H.","contributorId":99731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Girty, Melissa S.","contributorId":41179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019869,"text":"70019869 - 1998 - Mars: Aquifers, oceans, and the prospects for life","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70019869","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3424,"text":"Solar System Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars: Aquifers, oceans, and the prospects for life","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solar System Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00380946","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1998, Mars: Aquifers, oceans, and the prospects for life: Solar System Research, v. 32, no. 6, p. 453-463.","startPage":"453","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5229e4b0c8380cd6c1e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014741,"text":"1014741 - 1998 - Aquaculture and Fish Health 1998, The First Bilateral Symposium on Fish Diseases Between Russia and the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:10","indexId":"1014741","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1123,"text":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquaculture and Fish Health 1998, The First Bilateral Symposium on Fish Diseases Between Russia and the USA","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"99-029/FH","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., and Shchelkunov, I., 1998, Aquaculture and Fish Health 1998, The First Bilateral Symposium on Fish Diseases Between Russia and the USA: Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, v. 18, no. 5, p. 149-156, 172.","productDescription":"p.  149-156, 172","startPage":"149","endPage":"156, 172","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db67a128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shchelkunov, I.","contributorId":47727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shchelkunov","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020489,"text":"70020489 - 1998 - Water quality of two streams near Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, following the 1988 Clover-Mist wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020489","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality of two streams near Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, following the 1988 Clover-Mist wildfire","docAbstract":"In 1988, wildfire burned over 50% of the Jones Creek watershed near Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. Crow Creek, an adjacent watershed, was unburned. Water quality data collected from 1989-1993 may show the fire's effect on weathering and nutrient transport. Jones Creek had 25-75% larger concentration of dissolved solids than Crow Creek during the sampling period. Both streams revealed molar ratios consistent with the stoichiometry of andesine and pyroxene hydrolysis in the trachyandesites that underlie the basins. During 1989, nitrate transported from the unburned Crow Creek basin peaked at 2 mmol ha-1 s-1. This was twice as much as Jones Creek, possibly indicating a source from ash fallout. By 1992 these rates diminished to 0.1 mmol ha-1 s-1 in Crow Creek and increased to 1.8 mmol ha-1 s-1 in Jones Creek, suggesting later nitrate mobilization in the burned watershed. Phosphorus transported from Jones Creek basin averaged 0.011 mmol ha-1 s-1 during summer 1989, but fell to 0.004 mg ha-1 s-1 in subsequent years.In 1988, wildfire burned over 50% of the Jones Creek watershed near Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. Crow Creek, an adjacent watershed, was unburned. Water quality data collected from 1989-1993 may show the fire's effect on weathering and nutrient transport. Jones Creek had 25-75% larger concentrations of dissolved solids than Crow Creek during the sampling period. Both streams revealed molar ratios consistent with the stoichiometry of andesine and pyroxene hydrolysis in the trachyandesites that underlie the basins. During 1989, nitrate transported from the unburned Crow Creek basin peaked at 2 mmol ha-1 s-1. This was twice as much as Jones Creek, possibly indicating a source from ash fallout. By 1992 these rates diminished to 0.1 mmol ha-1 s-1 in Crow Creek and increased to 1.8 mmol ha-1 s-1 in Jones Creek, suggesting later nitrate mobilization in the burned watershed. Phosphorus transported from Jones Creek basin averaged 0.011 mmol ha-1 s-1 during summer 1989, but fell to 0.004 mg ha-1 s-1 in subsequent years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002540050328","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gerla, P., and Galloway, J., 1998, Water quality of two streams near Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, following the 1988 Clover-Mist wildfire: Environmental Geology, v. 36, no. 1-2, p. 127-136, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050328.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206977,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050328"},{"id":231450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8f0e4b08c986b32cbb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerla, P.J.","contributorId":101845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerla","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, J.M.","contributorId":65114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020324,"text":"70020324 - 1998 - Geology of Wyoming's Powder River Basin coalfield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70020324","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of Wyoming's Powder River Basin coalfield","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Glass, G., and Lyman, R., 1998, Geology of Wyoming's Powder River Basin coalfield: Mining Engineering, v. 50, no. 7.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a24abe4b0c8380cd582b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, G.B.","contributorId":50295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyman, R.M.","contributorId":90069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyman","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020566,"text":"70020566 - 1998 - Composition of the essential oil of Lomatium torreyi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T13:48:36.720608","indexId":"70020566","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2270,"text":"Journal of Essential Oil Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Composition of the essential oil of <i>Lomatium torreyi</i>","title":"Composition of the essential oil of Lomatium torreyi","docAbstract":"<p><span>The stem and leaf as well as the fruit oils of&nbsp;</span><i>Lomatium torreyi</i><span>&nbsp;show myrcene, β-phellandrene, (Z)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-ocimene and (Z)-ligustilide to be the major components. The root oil is primarily composed of R-(-)-falcarinol (88.0%).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10412905.1998.9700951","issn":"10412905","usgsCitation":"Bedrossian, A., Beauchamp, P., Dev, V., Kwan, S., Munevar-Mendoza, E., Okoreeh, E., and Moore, P., 1998, Composition of the essential oil of Lomatium torreyi: Journal of Essential Oil Research, v. 10, no. 5, p. 473-477, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1998.9700951.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f92de4b0c8380cd4d49e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedrossian, A.","contributorId":31709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrossian","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, P.E.","contributorId":79839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dev, Vasu","contributorId":38932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dev","given":"Vasu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kwan, S.","contributorId":79840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munevar-Mendoza, Elsa","contributorId":108059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munevar-Mendoza","given":"Elsa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okoreeh, E.K.","contributorId":18711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okoreeh","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, P.E.","contributorId":57395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020528,"text":"70020528 - 1998 - Analysis of coastal change in Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, using Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:22:04","indexId":"70020528","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of coastal change in Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, using Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is using Landsat imagery from the early 1970s and mid- to late 1980s/early 1990s to analyze glaciological features, compile a glacier inventory, measure surface velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and ice shelves, determine coastline change and calculate the area and volume of iceberg calving in Antarctica. Ice-surface velocities in Marie Byrd and Ellsworth Lands, West Antarctica, range from the fast-moving Thwaites, Pine Island, Land and DeVicq Glaciers to the slower-moving ice shelves. The average ice-front velocity during the time interval of Landsat imagery, for the faster-moving outlet glaciers, was 2.9 km a-1 for Thwaites Glacier, 2.4 km a-1 for Pine Island Glacier, 2.0 km a-1 for Land Glacier and 1.4 km a-1 for DeVicq Glacier. Evaluation of coastal change from the early 1970s to the early 1990s shows advance of the floating ice front in some coastal areas and recession in others, with an overall small average advance in the entire coastal study area, but no major trend towards advance or retreat. Comparison of average ice-surface velocities with changes in the ice front has yielded estimates of iceberg calving. The total iceberg calving from the Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land coasts during the study period was greater than 8500 km2 (estimated volume of about 2400 km3) or an average of about 550 km2 a-1 (more than 150 km3 a-1). Almost 70% of this discharge is contributed by Thwaites and Pine Island Glaciers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/1998AoG27-1-33-40","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Williams, R., Rosanova, C.E., Lucchitta, B.K., and Swithinbank, C., 1998, Analysis of coastal change in Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, using Landsat imagery: Annals of Glaciology, v. 27, p. 33-40, https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG27-1-33-40.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-33-40","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb0de4b0c8380cd48ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S.","contributorId":117608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosanova, Christine E.","contributorId":77239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":386557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":60145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020548,"text":"70020548 - 1998 - Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T15:38:53.349784","indexId":"70020548","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Cripple Creek district (653 metric tons (t) of Au) consists of Au-Te veins and disseminated gold deposits that are spatially related to alkaline igneous rocks in an Oligocene intrusive complex. Vein paragenesis includes quartz-biotite-K feldspar-fluorite-pyrite followed by base metal sulfides and telluride minerals. Disseminated deposits consist of microcrystalline native gold with pyrite that are associated with zones of pervasive adularia.New&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>&nbsp;Ar/&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>&nbsp;Ar dates indicate that there was a complex magmatic and hydrothermal history. Relatively felsic rocks (tephriphonolite, trachyandesite, and phonolite) were emplaced into the complex over about 1 m.y., from 32.5 + or - 0.1 (1Sigma ) to 31.5 + or - 0.1 Ma. A younger episode of phonolite emplacement outside of the complex is indicated by an age of 30.9 + or - 0.1 Ma. Field relationships suggest that at least one episode of mafic and ultramafic dike emplacement occurred after relatively more felsic rocks and prior to the main gold mineralizing event. Only a single whole-rock date for mafic phonolite (which indicated a maximum age of 28.7 Ma) was obtained. However, constraints on the timing of mineralization are provided by paragenetically early vein minerals and K feldspar from the disseminated gold pyrite deposits. Early vein minerals (31.3 + or - 0.1-29.6 + or - 0.1 Ma) and K feldspar (29.8 + or - 0.1 Ma) from the Cresson disseminated deposit, together with potassically altered phonolite adjacent to the Pharmacist vein (28.8 and 28.2 + 0.1 Ma), suggest there was a protracted history of hydrothermal activity that began during the waning stages of phonolite and early mafic-ultramafic activity and continued, perhaps intermittently, for at least 2 m.y.Estimated whole-rock delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O values of the alkaline igneous rocks range from 6.4 to 8.2 per mil. K feldspar and albite separates from igneous rocks have lead isotope compositions of&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb = 17.90 to 18.10,&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb = 15.51 to 15.53, and&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb = 38.35 to 38.56. These isotopic compositions, together with major and trace element data, indicate that the phonolitic magmas probably evolved by fractional crystallization of an alkali basalt that assimilated lower crustal material. Upper crustal contamination of the magmas was not significant The&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb compositions of vein galenas almost entirely overlap those of phonolites suggesting a genetic relationship between alkaline magmatism and mineralization. However, a trend toward higher&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb (15.57-15.60) and a&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb ratios (38.94-39.48) of some galenas suggests a contribution to the ore fluid from surrounding Early Proterozoic rocks, probably through leaching by mineralizing fluids. Limited stable isotope compositions of quartz, K feldspar, and biotite from this and previous studies support a largely magmatic origin for the early vein fluids.It is suggested that three features were collectively responsible for generating alkaline magmas and associated mineral deposits: (1) the timing of magmatism and mineralization, which coincided with the transition between subduction-related compression and extension related to continental rifting; (2) the location of Cripple Creek at the junction of four major Precambrian units and at the intersection of major northeast-trending regional structures with northwest-trending faults, which served as conduits for magmas and subsequent hydrothermal fluids; and (3) the complex magmatic history which included emplacement of relatively felsic magmas followed by successively more mafic magmas with time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., Romberger, S., Beaty, D., Pontius, J., Snee, L., Stein, H.J., and Thompson, T., 1998, Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 93, no. 7, p. 981-1012, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"981","endPage":"1012","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15cde4b0c8380cd54f50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romberger, S.B.","contributorId":24114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romberger","given":"S.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beaty, D.W.","contributorId":106283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaty","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pontius, J.A.","contributorId":51054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontius","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stein, H. J.","contributorId":98748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thompson, T.B.","contributorId":21231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020817,"text":"70020817 - 1998 - An empirical model of the tidal currents in the Gulf of the Farallones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70020817","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical model of the tidal currents in the Gulf of the Farallones","docAbstract":"Candela et al. (1990, 1992) showed that tides in an open ocean region can be resolved using velocity data from a ship-mounted ADCP. We use their method to build a spatially varying model of the tidal currents in the Gulf of the Farallones, an area of complicated bathymetry where the tidal velocities in some parts of the region are weak compared to the mean currents. We describe the tidal fields for the M2, S2, K1, and O1 constituents and show that this method is sensitive to the model parameters and the quantity of input data. In areas with complex bathymetry and tidal structures, a large amount of spatial data is needed to resolve the tides. A method of estimating the associated errors inherent in the model is described.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0645(98)80004-0","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Steger, J., Collins, C.A., Schwing, F., Noble, M., Garfield, N., and Steiner, M., 1998, An empirical model of the tidal currents in the Gulf of the Farallones: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 45, no. 8-9, p. 1471-1505, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)80004-0.","startPage":"1471","endPage":"1505","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)80004-0"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea38e4b0c8380cd486fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steger, J.M.","contributorId":10189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steger","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, C. A.","contributorId":43731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwing, F.B.","contributorId":24516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwing","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, M.","contributorId":15340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garfield, N.","contributorId":62364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garfield","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steiner, M.T.","contributorId":26102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiner","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70020192,"text":"70020192 - 1998 - Three-dimensional seismic structure and moment tensors of non-double-couple earthquakes at the Hengill-Grensdalur volcanic complex, Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T01:18:34.742813","indexId":"70020192","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional seismic structure and moment tensors of non-double-couple earthquakes at the Hengill-Grensdalur volcanic complex, Iceland","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">The volcanic and geothermal areas of Iceland are rich sources of non-double-couple (non-DC) earthquakes. A state-of-the-art digital seismometer network deployed at the Hengill–Grensdalur volcanic complex in 1991 recorded 4000 small earthquakes. We used the best recorded of these to determine 3-D<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">V</span><sub><i>P</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">V</span><sub><i>P</i></sub><span class=\"small-caps\"> /V</span><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>structure tomographically and accurate earthquake moment tensors. The<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">V</span><sub><i>P</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>field is dominated by high seismic wave speed bodies interpreted as solidified intrusions. A widespread negative (−4 per cent)<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">V</span><sub><i>P</i></sub><span class=\"small-caps\"> /V</span><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>anomaly in the upper 4km correlates with the geothermal field, but is too strong to be caused solely by the effect of temperature upon liquid water or the presence of vapour, and requires in addition mineralogical or lithological differences between the geothermal reservoir and its surroundings. These may be caused by geothermal alteration. Well-constrained moment tensors were obtained for 70 of the best-recorded events by applying linear programming methods to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">P</span>- and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">S</span>-wave polarities and amplitude ratios. About 25 per cent of the mechanisms are, within observational error, consistent with DC mechanisms consistent with shear faulting. The other 75 per cent have significantly non-DC mechanisms. Many have substantial explosive components, one has a substantial implosive component, and the deviatoric component of many is strongly non-DC. Many of the non-DC mechanisms are consistent, within observational error, with simultaneous tensile and shear faulting. However, the mechanisms occupy a continuum in source-type parameter space and probably at least one additional source process is occurring. This may be fluid flow into newly formed cracks, causing partial compensation of the volumetric component. Studying non-shear earthquakes such as these has great potential for improving our understanding of geothermal processes and earthquake source processes in general.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00492.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Miller, A., Julian, B., and Foulger, G., 1998, Three-dimensional seismic structure and moment tensors of non-double-couple earthquakes at the Hengill-Grensdalur volcanic complex, Iceland: Geophysical Journal International, v. 133, no. 2, p. 309-325, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00492.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487348,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00492.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb345e4b08c986b325ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, A.D.","contributorId":6202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020389,"text":"70020389 - 1998 - Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:09:19","indexId":"70020389","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">As part of the activities of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Interagency Consortium, an intermediate-scale land cover data set is being generated for the conterminous United States. This effort is being conducted on a region-by-region basis using U.S. Standard Federal Regions. To date, land cover data sets have been generated for Federal Regions 3 (Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware) and 2 (New York and New Jersey). Classification work is currently under way in Federal Region 4 (the southeastern United States), and land cover mapping activities have been started in Federal Regions 5 (the Great Lakes region) and 1 (New England). It is anticipated that a land cover data set for the conterminous United States will be completed by the end of 1999. A standard land cover classification legend is used, which is analogous to and compatible with other classification schemes. The primary MRLC regional classification scheme contains 23 land cover classes.</p><p class=\"Para\">The primary source of data for the project is the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) sensor. For each region, TM scenes representing both leaf-on and leaf-off conditions are acquired, preprocessed, and georeferenced to MRLC specifications. Mosaicked data are clustered using unsupervised classification, and individual clusters are labeled using aerial photographs. Individual clusters that represent more than one land cover unit are split using spatial modeling with multiple ancillary spatial data layers (most notably, digital elevation model, population, land use and land cover, and wetlands information). This approach yields regional land cover information suitable for a wide array of applications, including landscape metric analyses, land management, land cover change studies, and nutrient and pesticide runoff modeling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005996900217","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Sohl, T.L., Campbell, P., and Shaw, D., 1998, Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 415-428, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005996900217.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005996900217"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a535e4b0e8fec6cdbd83","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Veith G.","contributorId":128423,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Veith G.","id":536464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":16604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, P.V.","contributorId":29985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, D.M.","contributorId":46716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020711,"text":"70020711 - 1998 - Concentrations of metals associated with mining waste in sediments, biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T13:46:34","indexId":"70020711","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of metals associated with mining waste in sediments, biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"Arsenic, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn were measured in sediments, biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish from the Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River to characterize the pathway of metals transfer between these components. Metals enter the CDA Basin via tributaries where mining activities have occurred. In general, the ranking of food-web components from the greatest to smallest concentrations of metals was as follows: biofilm (the layer of abiotic and biotic material on rock surfaces) and sediments > invertebrates > whole fish. Elevated Pb was documented in invertebrates, and elevated Cd and Zn were documented in sediment and biofilm approximately 80 km downstream to the Spokane River. The accumulation of metals in invertebrates was dependent on functional feeding group and shredders-scrapers that feed on biofilm accumulated the largest concentrations of metals. Although the absolute concentrations of metals were the largest in biofilm and sediments, the metals have accumulated in fish approximately 50 km downstream from Kellogg, near the town of Harrison. While metals do not biomagnify between trophic levels, the metals in the CDA Basin are bioavailable and do biotransfer. Trout less than 100 mm long feed exclusively on small invertebrates, and small invertebrates accumulate greater concentrations of metals than large invertebrates. Therefore, early-lifestage fish may be exposed to a larger dose of metals than adults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900295","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., Woodward, D.F., Goldstein, J., Brumbaugh, W., and Meyer, J., 1998, Concentrations of metals associated with mining waste in sediments, biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 34, no. 2, p. 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900295.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900295"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f994e4b0c8380cd4d6a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, J.N.","contributorId":105454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W.","contributorId":20104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020326,"text":"70020326 - 1998 - Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: Rapid landscape response to climate variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T16:10:01","indexId":"70020326","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: Rapid landscape response to climate variation","docAbstract":"<p><span>In coming decades, global climate changes are expected to produce large shifts in vegetation distributions at unprecedented rates. These shifts are expected to be most rapid and extreme at ecotones, the boundaries between ecosystems, particularly those in semiarid landscapes. However, current models do not adequately provide for such rapid effects—particularly those caused by mortality—largely because of the lack of data from field studies. Here we report the most rapid landscape-scale shift of a woody ecotone ever documented: in northern New Mexico in the 1950s, the ecotone between semiarid ponderosa pine forest and piñon–juniper woodland shifted extensively (2 km or more) and rapidly (&lt;5 years) through mortality of ponderosa pines in response to a severe drought. This shift has persisted for 40 years. Forest patches within the shift zone became much more fragmented, and soil erosion greatly accelerated. The rapidity and the complex dynamics of the persistent shift point to the need to represent more accurately these dynamics, especially the mortality factor, in assessments of the effects of climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., and Breshears, D.D., 1998, Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: Rapid landscape response to climate variation: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 95, no. 25, p. 14839-14842.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"14839","endPage":"14842","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/95/25/14839"}],"volume":"95","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03fbe4b0c8380cd50719","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014874,"text":"1014874 - 1998 - Studies on the bacterial flora of native freshwater bivalves from the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T12:18:36.600502","indexId":"1014874","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1036,"text":"Biomedical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies on the bacterial flora of native freshwater bivalves from the Ohio River","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Science","usgsCitation":"Starliper, C.E., Villella, R., Morrison, P., and Mathias, J., 1998, Studies on the bacterial flora of native freshwater bivalves from the Ohio River: Biomedical Letters, v. 58, no. 229, p. 85-95.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"229","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villella, R.","contributorId":103627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villella","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, P.","contributorId":34085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mathias, J.","contributorId":97859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathias","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020438,"text":"70020438 - 1998 - Pre-eruptive volatile content, melt-inclusion chemistry, and microthermometry of interplinian Vesuvius lavas (pre-AD 1631)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020438","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-eruptive volatile content, melt-inclusion chemistry, and microthermometry of interplinian Vesuvius lavas (pre-AD 1631)","docAbstract":"Silicate-melt inclusions from lavas and pyroclastics from a selected suite of pre-A.D. 1631 interplinian Mt. Somma-Vesuvius lavas and scoria have been experimentally homogeneized and studied by microthermometry, electron microprobe (EMPA) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to examine pre-eruptive volatile content and magma evolution. The melt inclusions have a bubble about 0.06% their volume, uncommonly contain non-condensable gas but do not contain any dense fluid phases. Clinopyroxene-hosted inclusions yield homogenization temperatures (Th) from 1170 to 1260??C, most between 1220 and 1240??C; plagiclase-hosted inclusions have Th from 1210 to 1230??C; these values are typical for the Vesuvius environment. The dominant factor controlling major element variability in the inclusions is clinopyroxene fractionation; MgO varies from 5 to 3 wt%, SiO2 varies from 60 to 48 wt%. total alkalis vary from 15 to 4 wt%, and CaO varies from 13 to 5 wt%. H2O varies from 2.7 to 0.6 wt% and is decoupled from incompatible element evolution suggesting vapor saturation during trapping. Chlorine and F vary from 1.- wt% to 0 and 0.63 to 0 wt%, respectively. Bulk rock and limited matrix glass analyses show that the lavas lost about half of their F and Cl content except for the A.D. 472-1631 lava which contains similar Cl abundances as the bulk rock. SO3 varies from 0.5 to 0 wt% and compared with matrix glass and bulk rock demonstrate that the lavas have lost essentially all sulfur. The samples can be classified into three age groups, ??? 25 000 yr B.P., 25 000-17 000 yr B.P., and A.D. 472-1631. There is a systematic increase in some components, e.g., total alkalis, SO3, Cl, Li, B, and Sr with the youth of the sample and a decrease in others, e.g., Zr and Y. However, on average these samples seem less evolved than later A.D. 1631-1944 lavas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00058-9","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H., de Vivo, B., Torok, K., and Webster, J., 1998, Pre-eruptive volatile content, melt-inclusion chemistry, and microthermometry of interplinian Vesuvius lavas (pre-AD 1631): Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 82, no. 1-4, p. 79-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00058-9.","startPage":"79","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00058-9"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80dbe4b0c8380cd7b23d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torok, K.","contributorId":33071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torok","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webster, J.D.","contributorId":16582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020393,"text":"70020393 - 1998 - Geochemical and isotopic (Nd-Pb-Sr-O) variations bearing on the genesis of volcanic rocks from Vesuvius, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020393","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and isotopic (Nd-Pb-Sr-O) variations bearing on the genesis of volcanic rocks from Vesuvius, Italy","docAbstract":"Alkaline volcanism produced by Monte Somma-Vesuvius volcano includes explosive plinian and subplinian activity in addition to effusive lava flows. Pumice, scoria, and lava (150 samples) exhibit major- and trace-element gradients as a function of SiO2 (58.9-47.2 wt%) and MgO (0-7.8 wt%); Mg value are ???50. Internally gradational chemical groups or cycles are distinguished by age: (1) 25 000 to 14 000 yr B.P.; (2) 8000 yr B.P. to A.D. 79; and (3) A.D. 79 to 1944. A small number of lavas, dikes and scora were also analysed from the Somma formation (~ 35 000 to 25 000 yr B.P.). Within each group, contents of Na2O + K2O increas with decreasing MgO along distinct rocks. Nb/Y values are variable from 0.66 to 3.14 (at SiO2 ??? 50 wt%) generally in the range of alkaline and ultra-alkaline rocks. Variations in contents of some majro elements (e.g., P and Ti), and trace elements (e.g., Th, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Pb, La, and Sc), as well as contrasting trends in ratios of various elements (e.g., Ta/Yb, Hf/U, Th/Ta, Th/Hf, Th/Yb, etc.) are also generally consistent with the group subdivisions. For example, Th/Hf increases from ??? 5 to ??? 10 with decreasing age for the Vesuvius system as a whole, yielding similar compositions in the least evolved rocks (low-silica, high-MgO, imcompatible element-poor) erupted at the end of each cycle. Internal variations within individual eruptions also systematically changed generally towards a common mafic composition at the end of each cycle, thus reflecting the dominanit volume in the magma chamber. At the start of a new eruptive cycle, the rocks are relatively enriched in incompatible elements; younger groups also contain higher abundances than other groups. N-MORB-normalized multielement diagrams exhibit selective enrichments of Sr, K, Rb, Th, and the light rare-earth elements; deep Nb and Ta negative anomalies commonly seen in rocks generated at orogenic margins are absent in the light rare-earth elements; deep Nb and Ta netgative anomalies commonly seen in rocks generated at orogenic margins are absent in our samples. Sr isotopic compositions are known to be variable within some of the units, in agreement with our data (87Sr/86Sr ~ 0.70699 to 0.70803) and with contributions from several isotopic components. Isotopic compositions for ??18O (7.3 to 10.2%), Pb for mineral separates and whole rocks (206Pb/204Pb ~ 18.947 to 19.178, 207Pb/204/Pb ~ 15.617 to 15.769, 208Pb/204Pb ~38.915 to 39.345), and Nd (143Nd ~ 0.51228 to 0.51251) also show variability. Oxygen isotope data show that pumices have higher ??18O values than cogenetic lavas, and that ??18O values and SiO2 are correlated. Radiogenic and stable isotope data plot within range of isotopic compositions for the Roman comagmatic province. Fractional crystallization cannot account for the radiogenic isotopic compositions of the Vesuvius magmas. We favor instead the combined effects of heterogeneous magma sources, together with isotopic exchange near the roof of the magma chamber. We suggest that metasomatized continental mantle lithosphere is the principal source of the magmas. This kind of enriched mantle was melted and reactivated in an area of continental extension (incipient rift setting) without direct reliance on contemporaneous subduction processes but possibly with input from mantle sources that resemble those that produce ocean island basalts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00057-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R., de Vivo, B., Rolandi, G., Seal, R., and Paone, A., 1998, Geochemical and isotopic (Nd-Pb-Sr-O) variations bearing on the genesis of volcanic rocks from Vesuvius, Italy: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 82, no. 1-4, p. 53-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00057-7.","startPage":"53","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00057-7"},{"id":231216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15d6e4b0c8380cd54f6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rolandi, G.","contributorId":76472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rolandi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paone, A.","contributorId":103827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paone","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020432,"text":"70020432 - 1998 - A polygenetic model for pedostratigraphic units in the Chinese loess Plateau Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:46:35","indexId":"70020432","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A polygenetic model for pedostratigraphic units in the Chinese loess Plateau Region","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1040-6182(98)90220-8","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., and Follmer, L., 1998, A polygenetic model for pedostratigraphic units in the Chinese loess Plateau Region: Quaternary International, v. 51-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(98)90220-8.","startPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270082,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(98)90220-8"},{"id":231219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51-52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4dee4b0c8380cd469b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Hongfang","contributorId":92635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Follmer, L.R.","contributorId":19294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follmer","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020527,"text":"70020527 - 1998 - The provenance and chemical variation of sandstones associated with the Mid-continent Rift System, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020527","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The provenance and chemical variation of sandstones associated with the Mid-continent Rift System, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Sandstones along the northern portion of the Precambrian Mid-continent Rift System (MRS) have been petrographically and chemically analyzed for major elements and a variety of trace elements, including the REE. After the initial extrusion of the abundant basalts along the MRS, dominantly volcaniclastic sandstones of the Oronto Group were deposited. These volcaniclastic sandstones are covered by quartzose and subarkosic sandstones of the Bayfield Group. Thus the sandstones of the Oronto Group were derived from previously extruded basalts, whereas, the sandstones of the Bayfield Group were derived from Precambrian granitic gneisses located on the rift flanks. The chemical variation of these sandstones closely reflects the changing detrital modes with time. The elemental composition of the sandstones confirms the source lithologies suggested by the mineralogy and clasts. The Oronto Group sandstones contain lower ratios of elements concentrated in silicic source rocks (La or Th) relative to elements concentrated in basic source rocks (Co, Cr, or Sc) than the Bayfield Group. Also, the average size of the negative Eu anomaly of the sandstones of the Oronto Group is significantly less (Eu/Eu* mean ?? standard deviation = 0.79 ?? 0.13) than that of the Bayfield Group (mean + standard deviation = 0.57 ?? 0.09), also suggesting a more basic source for the former than the latter. Mixing models of elemental ratios give added insight as to the evolution of the rift. These models suggest that the volcanistic sandstones of the lower portion of the Oronto Group are derived from about 80 to 90 percent basalt and 10 to 20 percent granitoids. The rest of the Oronto Group and the lower to middle portion of the Bayfield Group could have formed by mixing of about 30 to 60 percent basalt and 40 to 70 percent granitoids. The upper portion of the Bayfield Group is likely derived from 80 to 100 percent granitoids and zero to 20 percent basalt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09351221","usgsCitation":"Cullers, R., and Berendsen, P., 1998, The provenance and chemical variation of sandstones associated with the Mid-continent Rift System, U.S.A.: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 10, no. 5, p. 987-1002.","startPage":"987","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baed8e4b08c986b3243a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cullers, R.L.","contributorId":103007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullers","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berendsen, P.","contributorId":68037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berendsen","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020628,"text":"70020628 - 1998 - Near-surface structural model for deformation associated with the February 7, 1812, New Madrid, Missouri, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T23:52:14.640864","indexId":"70020628","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-surface structural model for deformation associated with the February 7, 1812, New Madrid, Missouri, earthquake","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15009088\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The February 7, 1812, New Madrid, Missouri, earthquake (M [moment magnitude] 8) was the third and final large-magnitude event to rock the northern Mississippi Embayment during the winter of 1811–1812. Although ground shaking was so strong that it rang church bells, stopped clocks, buckled pavement, and rocked buildings up and down the eastern seaboard, little coseismic surface deformation exists today in the New Madrid area. The fault(s) that ruptured during this event have remained enigmatic. We have integrated geomorphic data documenting differential surficial deformation (supplemented by historical accounts of surficial deformation and earthquake-induced Mississippi River waterfalls and rapids) with the interpretation of existing and recently acquired seismic reflection data, to develop a tectonic model of the near-surface structures in the New Madrid, Missouri, area. This model consists of two primary components: a north-northwest–trending thrust fault and a series of northeast-trending, strike-slip, tear faults. We conclude that the Reelfoot fault is a thrust fault that is at least 30 km long. We also infer that tear faults in the near surface partitioned the hanging wall into subparallel blocks that have undergone differential displacement during episodes of faulting. The northeast-trending tear faults bound an area documented to have been uplifted at least 0.5 m during the February 7, 1812, earthquake. These faults also appear to bound changes in the surface density of epicenters that are within the modern seismicity, which is occurring in the stepover zone of the left-stepping right-lateral strike-slip fault system of the modern New Madrid seismic zone.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0149:NSSMFD>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Odum, J.K., Stephenson, W.J., Shedlock, K.M., and Pratt, T.L., 1998, Near-surface structural model for deformation associated with the February 7, 1812, New Madrid, Missouri, earthquake: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, no. 2, p. 149-162, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0149:NSSMFD>2.3.CO;2.","startPage":"149","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.59451881317736,\n              37.1103527279694\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59451881317736,\n              35.65100583298336\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.90262428192736,\n              35.65100583298336\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.90262428192736,\n              37.1103527279694\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59451881317736,\n              37.1103527279694\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a640ae4b0c8380cd7283d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shedlock, K. M.","contributorId":72805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020280,"text":"70020280 - 1998 - Vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) by using attenuated mutants selected by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T14:33:39","indexId":"70020280","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) by using attenuated mutants selected by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies","docAbstract":"A neutralizing monoclonal antibody against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was used to select neutralization-resistant mutants from isolates of virus obtained from adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss returning to the Round Butte Hatchery (RB mutants) on the Deschutes River in Oregon, USA, and from rainbow trout (nonanadromous O. mykiss) at a commercial hatchery in the Hagerman Valley of Idaho, USA (193-110 mutants). Two of the mutants, RB-1 and 193-110-4, were significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated compared with parental strains. Vaccination of rainbow trout by waterborne exposure to the mutants conferred solid protection against challenge with wild-type virus. In some trials, fish vaccinated with the RB-1 mutant at 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of 1 X 104-1 x 105 TCID50/mL or with the 193-110-4 mutant at 1 x 102-1 x 103 TCID50/mL, held for 14 d, then challenged with the homologous wild-type strain at 1 x 105 TCID50/mL showed relative percent survival of 95-100% (P < 0.005). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in protection among fish exposed to the RB-1 vaccine strain at a dose of 1 x 105 TCID50/mL for periods of either 1, 12, or 24 h, held for 14 d, and then challenged with the wild-type RB isolate, although the 1-h exposure seemed to be somewhat less effective. Fish were vaccinated with the RB-1 strain at 1 x 103-1 x 105 TCID50/mL for 24 h then challenged after 1, 7, 14, or 21 d with the wild-type RB isolate. No significant (P > 0.1) protection was observed at 1 d postvaccination, but the relative percent survival increased progressively at each subsequent challenge period, becoming statistically significant by day 7 (P < 0.001) and beyond. These results suggested that resistance to challenge with wild-type virus resulted from development of IHNV-specific immunity and not from viral interference or interferon induction, and they reinforce the potential of an attenuated vaccine to control this important disease.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0328:VORTAI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Roberti, K., Rohovec, J., and Winton, J., 1998, Vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) by using attenuated mutants selected by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 10, no. 4, p. 328-337, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0328:VORTAI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0f3e4b08c986b32a3d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberti, K.A.","contributorId":35502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberti","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohovec, J. S.","contributorId":95979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohovec","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020591,"text":"70020591 - 1998 - Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:44:50","indexId":"70020591","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>Tritium/helium-3 (<sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He) and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs, CFC–11, CFC–12, CFC–113) data are used to date the young fraction in groundwater mixtures from a karstic limestone aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia, where regional paleowater in the Upper Floridan aquifer receives recharge from two young sources—the flow of Withlacoochee River water through sinkholes in the river bed, and leakage of infiltration water through post-Eocene semi-confining beds above the Upper Floridan aquifer. In dating the young fraction of mixtures using CFCs, it is necessary to reconstruct the CFC concentration that was in the young fraction prior to mixing. The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He age is independent of the extent of dilution with older (<sup>3</sup>H-free and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>He<sub>trit</sub>-free) water. The groundwater mixtures are designated as Type-1 for mixtures of regional paleowater and regional infiltration water and Type-2 for mixtures containing more than approximately 4% of river water. The fractions of regional paleowater, regional infiltration water, and Withlacoochee River water in the groundwater mixtures were determined from Cl<sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O data for water from the Upper Floridan aquifer at Valdosta, Georgia.</p><p>The chlorofluorocarbons CFC–11 and CFC–113 are removed by microbial degradation and/or sorption processes in most anaerobic (Type-2) groundwater at Valdosta, but are present in some aerobic Type-1 water. CFC–12 persists in both SO<sub>4</sub>-reducing and methanogenic water. The very low detection limits for CFCs (approximately 0.3 pg kg<sup>−1</sup>) permitted CFC–11 and CFC–12 dating of the fraction of regional infiltration water in Type-1 mixtures, and CFC-12 dating of the river-water fraction in Type-2 mixtures. Overall, approximately 50% of the 85 water samples obtained from the Upper Floridan aquifer have CFC–12-based ages of the young fraction that are consistent with the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H concentration of the groundwater. Because of uncertainties associated with very low<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>He content in dilute mixtures,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He dating is limited to the river-water fraction in Type-2 mixtures containing more than about 10% river water. Of the 41 water samples measured for<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He dating, dilution of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H and low<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>He concentration limited<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He dating to 16 mixtures in which<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He ages are defined with errors ranging from ±2 to ±7.5 a (1 σ). After correction for dilution with (assumed) CFC-free regional infiltration water and regional paleowater in the Upper Floridan aquifer, adjusted CFC–12 ages agree with<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He ages within 5 a or less in 7 of the 9 co-dated Type-2 mixtures.</p><p>Tritium data and dating based on both CFC–11 and CFC–12 in Type-1 mixtures indicate that travel times of infiltration water through the overlying Post-Eocene semi-confining beds exceed 35 a. The CFC and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He dating indicate that the river fraction in most groundwater entered the groundwater reservoir in the past 20 to 30 a. Few domestic and municipal supply wells sampled intercept water younger than 5 a. Calculated velocities of river water in the Upper Floridan aquifer downgradient of the sinkhole area range from 0.4 to 8.2 m/d. Radiocarbon data indicate that ages of the regional paleowater are on the 10 000-a time scale. An average lag time of approximately 10 to 25 a is determined for discharge of groundwater from the surficial and intermediate aquifers above the Upper Floridan aquifer to the Withlacoochee River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Drenkard, S., Schlosser, P., Ekwurzel, B., Weppernig, R., McConnell, J.B., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia: Applied Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 8, p. 1017-1043, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1017","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487347,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(98)00032-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Lowndes County 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