The Karner blue butterfly Lycaeides melissa samuelis is an endangered species residing in the Great Lakes and northeastern regions of the United States. Increased canopy cover is a major factor implicated in the decline of the Karner blue at many locales. Therefore, we examined how the butterfly's behavior varied with canopy cover. Adult males at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore used habitat under canopy openings for nearly 90% of their activities; females used openings and shaded areas more equally. The frequency of oviposition on the sole host plant, wild lupine Lupinus perennis, was highest under 30–60% canopy cover even though lupine was more abundant in more open areas. Larvae fed preferentially on larger lupine plants and on lupines in denser patches. However, lupines were generally larger in the shade. Therefore, shade-related trade-offs existed between lupine abundance and distribution of larval feeding and oviposition. Also, heterogeneity of shading by sub-canopy woody vegetation was greater at oviposition sites than at sites where lupine did not grow. Given the importance of shade heterogeneity, a mixture of canopy openings and shade, on a scale similar to daily adult movement range, should be beneficial for this butterfly.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00165-1","usgsCitation":"Grundel, R., Pavlovic, N.B., and Sulzman, C.L., 1998, Habitat use by the endangered Karner blue butterfly in oak woodlands: The influence of canopy cover: Biological Conservation, v. 85, p. 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00165-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(97)00165-1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64859d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulzman, Christina L.","contributorId":61373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulzman","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001716,"text":"1001716 - 1998 - Professionals in environmental education: Helping kids learn about forestry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T16:09:24.174354","indexId":"1001716","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Professionals in environmental education: Helping kids learn about forestry","docAbstract":"A K--8 school in a suburb of St. Paul has formed a partnership with natural resource professionals to create a school forest for environmental education in the field. The university and agency professionals worked with students to teach them the skills necessary to map and inventory their school grounds. Students then used the inventory data to develop a school forest plan. Over the past four years students have been implementing their plans for both field and classroom work and cross-curricular activities. With the program entering its fifth year, we can advise others looking for similar opportunities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jof/96.2.25","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Thompson, J., and Jakes, P., 1998, Professionals in environmental education: Helping kids learn about forestry: Journal of Forestry, v. 96, no. 2, p. 25-29, https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/96.2.25.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479740,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/96.2.25","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e2ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D.H.","contributorId":24304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J.L.","contributorId":33258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jakes, P.J.","contributorId":69925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22061,"text":"ofr98360 - 1998 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T20:26:43.652431","indexId":"ofr98360","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-360","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"Akutan Volcano is a 1100-meter-high stratovolcano on Akutan Island in the east-central Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska. The volcano is located about 1238 kilometers southwest of Anchorage and about 56 kilometers east of Dutch Harbor/Unalaska. Eruptive activity has occurred at least 27 times since historical observations were recorded beginning in the late 1700's. Recent eruptions produced only small amounts of fine volcanic ash that fell primarily on the upper flanks of the volcano. Small amounts of ash fell on the Akutan Harbor area during eruptions in 1911, 1948, 1987, and 1989. Plumes of volcanic ash are the primary hazard associated with eruptions of Akutan Volcano and are a major hazard to all aircraft using the airfield at Dutch Harbor or approaching Akutan Island. Eruptions similar to historical Akutan eruptions should be anticipated in the future. Although unlikely, eruptions larger than those of historical time could generate significant amounts of volcanic ash, fallout, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that would be hazardous to life and property on all sectors of the volcano and other parts of the island, but especially in the major valleys that head on the volcano flanks. During a large eruption an ash cloud could be produced that may be hazardous to aircraft using the airfield at Cold Bay and the airspace downwind from the volcano. In the event of a large eruption, volcanic ash fallout could be relatively thick over parts of Akutan Island and volcanic bombs could strike areas more than 10 kilometers from the volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98360","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Power, J.A., Richter, D.H., and McGimsey, R.G., 1998, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-360, Report: v, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 46.01 x 22.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98360.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 46.01 x 22.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410884,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/plate-1-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Akutan Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ],\n [\n -165.673828125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ],\n [\n -165.673828125,\n 54.220284882124005\n ],\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.220284882124005\n ],\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Donlad H.","contributorId":91891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donlad","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1002964,"text":"1002964 - 1998 - Floodplain forest loss and changes in forest community composition and structure in the upper Mississippi River: A wildlife habitat at risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T15:29:22.277888","indexId":"1002964","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floodplain forest loss and changes in forest community composition and structure in the upper Mississippi River: A wildlife habitat at risk","docAbstract":"Large floodplain forests represent a threatened and endangered type of ecosystem in the United States. Estimates of cumulative losses of floodplain forest range from 57% to 95% at different locations within the continental United Stales. Floodplain forests of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) have significantly declined in extent due to agriculture, lock and dam construction, and urban development since European settlement. We collected data on shrubs, herbs, and trees from 56 floodplain forest plots in 1992 and compared our results with a previous analysis of historical tree data from the same area recorded by the General Land Office Survey in the 1840s. Acer saccharinum strongly dominates among mature trees and its relative dominance has increased over time. Salix spp. And Betula nigra have declined in relative dominance. Tree sizes are similar to those of presettlement forests, but present forests have fewer trees. The lack of early successional tree species and a trend toward an increasing monoculture of A. Saccharinum in the mature stages indicate problems with regeneration. Because floodplain forests represent a rare habitat type, losses and changes in habitat quality could pose serious problems for wildlife that depend upon these habitats, especially birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., and Klaas, E., 1998, Floodplain forest loss and changes in forest community composition and structure in the upper Mississippi River: A wildlife habitat at risk: Natural Areas Journal, v. 18, no. 2, p. 138-150.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911747"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.5438232421875,\n 42.508552415528634\n ],\n [\n -90.648193359375,\n 42.718768102606326\n ],\n [\n -90.977783203125,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -90.95581054687499,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -91.1151123046875,\n 43.440954591707445\n ],\n [\n -91.1151123046875,\n 43.75919263886012\n ],\n [\n -91.23596191406249,\n 43.98491011404692\n ],\n [\n -91.6534423828125,\n 44.16250418310723\n ],\n [\n -91.92260742187499,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -92.44445800781249,\n 44.50434127765394\n ],\n [\n -92.318115234375,\n 44.3906169787868\n ],\n [\n -92.0599365234375,\n 44.351350365612326\n ],\n [\n -91.95556640625,\n 44.146739625584985\n ],\n [\n -91.6534423828125,\n 43.97700467496408\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 43.94141717295212\n ],\n [\n -91.3348388671875,\n 43.74332071724287\n ],\n [\n -91.3568115234375,\n 43.51270490464819\n ],\n [\n -91.307373046875,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 43.28520334369384\n ],\n [\n -91.285400390625,\n 43.18515250937298\n ],\n [\n -91.2249755859375,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -91.1151123046875,\n 42.65416193033991\n ],\n [\n -90.8184814453125,\n 42.589488572714245\n ],\n [\n -90.7305908203125,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -90.5438232421875,\n 42.508552415528634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003652,"text":"1003652 - 1998 - An epizootic of common loons in coastal waters of North Carolina: Concentrations of elemental contaminants and results of necropsies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T11:21:16","indexId":"1003652","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An epizootic of common loons in coastal waters of North Carolina: Concentrations of elemental contaminants and results of necropsies","docAbstract":"A 1993 die-off of common loons (Gavia immer) in the coastal waters of North Carolina was investigated with emphasis on comparing mercury, selenium, arsenic, and lead between birds from the epizootic and reference specimens. Die-off specimens were emaciated but contained no ingested foreign bodies and no lesions suggestive of infectious disease. Results of bacteriology, virology, parasitology, and botulism testing were unremarkable. The geometric mean concentrations (wet weight) of liver mercury (10.9 ppm), and arsenic (0.96 ppm) did not differ between specimens from the die-off and reference loons from the same area that died of other causes. The geometric mean liver selenium concentration of die-off specimens (10.4 ppm) was significantly higher than that of reference loons. Liver lead concentrations were < 0.20 ppm in all but one sample (5.83 ppm). The geometric mean mercury concentration in the primary remiges of die-off specimens (5.44 ppm dry weight) was significantly lower than in reference birds. Liver mercury significantly correlated with liver selenium on a molar concentration basis. We interpret the range of liver mercury concentrations in birds from the epizootic, similar liver mercury concentrations in reference loons, and higher mercury concentrations in reference loon feathers as evidence that factors other than mercury were primarily responsible for the emaciation diagnosed as the cause of mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170211","usgsCitation":"Augspurger, T., Franson, J.C., Converse, K.A., Spitzer, P., and Miller, E., 1998, An epizootic of common loons in coastal waters of North Carolina: Concentrations of elemental contaminants and results of necropsies: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 2, p. 205-209, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170211.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.59069824218749,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -77.9974365234375,\n 34.00258128543371\n ],\n [\n -78.01391601562499,\n 34.23451236236984\n ],\n [\n -77.4481201171875,\n 34.56538299699511\n ],\n [\n -77.4481201171875,\n 34.755153088189324\n ],\n [\n -77.2613525390625,\n 34.71452466170392\n ],\n [\n -77.178955078125,\n 34.78222760653013\n ],\n [\n -77.11029052734375,\n 35.15360009635797\n ],\n [\n -77.12127685546875,\n 35.561277754384555\n ],\n [\n -76.77520751953125,\n 35.97578349847199\n ],\n [\n -76.81915283203125,\n 36.36822190085111\n ],\n [\n -76.0638427734375,\n 36.39917828607653\n ],\n [\n -76.10504150390625,\n 36.55598153635694\n ],\n [\n -75.83038330078125,\n 36.56039393337068\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 35.66845370835343\n ],\n [\n -75.47607421875,\n 35.18727767598898\n ],\n [\n -75.96771240234375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ],\n [\n -76.50054931640625,\n 34.54502472496434\n ],\n [\n -76.7559814453125,\n 34.649025753526985\n ],\n [\n -77.5689697265625,\n 34.359308974793564\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 33.754031498216385\n ],\n [\n -78.299560546875,\n 33.86129311351553\n ],\n [\n -78.52203369140625,\n 33.829356907739296\n ],\n [\n -78.59069824218749,\n 33.89321737944089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6847e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augspurger, Tom","contributorId":63921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Augspurger","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":140358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":313817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, Kathryn A. kathy_converse@usgs.gov","contributorId":16802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathy_converse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spitzer, P.","contributorId":27415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitzer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, E.A.","contributorId":65799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003889,"text":"1003889 - 1998 - Population limitation and the wolves of Isle Royale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T17:04:42","indexId":"1003889","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population limitation and the wolves of Isle Royale","docAbstract":"Population regulation for gray wolves in Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, was examined in 1987-1995 when wolves were in chronic decline following a crash of the population in 1981-1982. Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) was probably influential during the crash, but it disappeared by the late 1980s. High mortality abruptly ceased after 1988, but low recruitment in the absence of disease and obvious shortage of food prevented recovery of the wolf population. In 1983-1995, with a comparable number of moose '10 years old as potential prey, wolves were only half as numerous as in 1959-1980. A simulation of annual fluctuations in effective population size (Ne) for wolves on Isle Royale suggests that their genetic heterozygosity has declined ca. 13% with each generation and ca. 80% in the 50- year history of this population. Inbreeding depression and stochastic demographic variation both remain possible explanations for recent low recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.2307/1383091","usgsCitation":"Peterson, R.O., Thomas, N.J., Thurber, J.M., Vucetich, J., and Waite, T.A., 1998, Population limitation and the wolves of Isle Royale: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 79, no. 3, p. 828-841, https://doi.org/10.2307/1383091.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"828","endPage":"841","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1383091","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Isle Royal National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurber, Joanne M.","contributorId":92636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vucetich, John A.","contributorId":70735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vucetich","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, Thomas A.","contributorId":98691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020478,"text":"70020478 - 1998 - Channel changes downstream from a dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T00:12:29.26378","indexId":"70020478","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel changes downstream from a dam","docAbstract":"ABSTRACT: A flood-control dam was completed during 1979 on Bear Creek, a small tributary stream to the South Platte River in the Denver, Colorado, area. Before and after dam closure, repetitive surveys between 1977 and 1992 at five cross sections downstream of the dam documented changes in channel morphology. During this 15-year period, channel width increased slightly, but channel depth increased by more than 40 percent. Within the study reach, stream gradient decreased and median bed material sizes coarsened from sand in the pools and fine gravel on the rime to a median coarse gravel throughout the reach. The most striking visual change was from a sparse growth of streamside grasses to a dense growth of riparian woody vegetation.
A cryopreservation method and improved isolation techniques for detection of Pasteurella multocida from wetland samples were developed. Wetland water samples were collected in the field, diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, final concentration 10%), and frozen at -180 C in a liquid nitrogen vapor shipper. Frozen samples were transported to the laboratory where they were subsequently thawed and processed in Pasteurella multocida selective broth (PMSB) to isolate P. multocida. This method allowed for consistent isolation of 2 to 18 organisms/ml from water seeded with known concentrations of P. multocida. The method compared favorably with the standard mouse inoculation method and allowed for preservation of the samples until they could be processed in the laboratory.
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The need for laboratory diagnosis to differentiate between them is indicated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Rotenberry, J., 1998, Spatial distribution of breeding passerine bird habitats in a shrubsteppe region of southwestern Idaho: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 19, p. 104-111.","productDescription":"p. 104-111","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6dc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotenberry, J.T.","contributorId":57015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020130,"text":"70020130 - 1998 - Regionalization of precipitation characteristics in Montana using L-moments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-01T16:09:46.918438","indexId":"70020130","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regionalization of precipitation characteristics in Montana using L-moments","docAbstract":"Dimensionless precipitation-frequency curves for estimating precipitation depths having small exceedance probabilities were developed for 2-, 6-, and 24-hour storm durations for three homogeneous regions in Montana. L-moment statistics were used to help define the homogeneous regions. The generalized extreme value distribution was used to construct the frequency curves for each duration within each region. The effective record length for each duration in each region was estimated using a graphical method and was found to range from 500 years for 6-hour duration data in Region 2 to 5,100 years for 24-hour duration data in Region 3. The temporal characteristics of storms were analyzed, and methods for estimating synthetic storm hyetographs were developed. Dimensionless depth-duration data were grouped by independent duration (2, 6, and 24 hours) and by region, and the beta distribution was fit to dimensionless depth data for various incremental time intervals. Ordinary least-squares regression was used to develop relations between dimensionless depths for a key, short duration—termed the kernel duration—and dimensionless depths for other durations. The regression relations were used, together with the probabilistic dimensionless depth data for the kernel duration, to calculate dimensionless depth-duration curves for exceedance probabilities from .1 to .9. Dimensionless storm hyetographs for each independent duration in each region were constructed for median value conditions based on an exceedance probability of .5.
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Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Migrational characteristics of juvenile spring Chinook salmon and steelhead in Lower Granite Reservoir and Tributaries, Snake River","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kofoot, E., 1998, Distribution of juvenile salmonids and water velocities during hydroacoustic surveys in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam, 18 p. .","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"61","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.43560791015624,\n 46.677710064644344\n ],\n [\n -117.36282348632812,\n 46.6588624401289\n ],\n [\n -117.34634399414062,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -117.25982666015624,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -117.23373413085936,\n 46.544694144765536\n ],\n [\n -117.27630615234374,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -117.42324829101562,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -117.44522094726562,\n 46.64472240881699\n ],\n [\n -117.50839233398438,\n 46.67111414362431\n ],\n [\n -117.52212524414062,\n 46.702202151643455\n ],\n [\n -117.46994018554688,\n 46.70596917928676\n ],\n [\n -117.43148803710936,\n 46.69089949154197\n ],\n [\n -117.43560791015624,\n 46.677710064644344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79fe4b0ba3b075e0601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kofoot, E.E.","contributorId":89349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kofoot","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180196,"text":"70180196 - 1998 - Thermal exposure of juvenile fall Chinook salmon migrating through Little Goose Reservoir. Annual report 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T14:18:40","indexId":"70180196","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Thermal exposure of juvenile fall Chinook salmon migrating through Little Goose Reservoir. Annual report 1998","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
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","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Counihan, T., Morgan, M., and Gallion, D., 1998, Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"McNary Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.97781372070311,\n 46.04368887663177\n ],\n [\n -118.9215087890625,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -119.01763916015625,\n 45.93873576672614\n ],\n [\n -119.20852661132812,\n 45.89383147810292\n ],\n [\n -119.40078735351561,\n 45.89287567291743\n ],\n [\n -119.60403442382811,\n 45.87184379699793\n ],\n [\n -119.77294921874999,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -119.89242553710938,\n 45.814443667378114\n ],\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 45.846977678695666\n ],\n [\n -119.86358642578125,\n 45.88140472759939\n ],\n [\n -119.74685668945312,\n 45.89287567291743\n ],\n [\n -119.62326049804688,\n 45.94160076422081\n ],\n [\n -119.54223632812501,\n 45.944465613675035\n ],\n [\n -119.410400390625,\n 45.944465613675035\n ],\n [\n -119.21127319335936,\n 45.9587876403564\n ],\n [\n -119.11239624023438,\n 45.96356082681656\n ],\n [\n -118.99017333984375,\n 46.03034226096046\n ],\n [\n -118.97781372070311,\n 46.04368887663177\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79fe4b0ba3b075e05fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, M.N.","contributorId":178689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallion, D.","contributorId":178690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallion","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180194,"text":"70180194 - 1998 - Distribution and movement of juvenile salmonids detected during mobile hydroacoustic surveys in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T14:09:09","indexId":"70180194","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Distribution and movement of juvenile salmonids detected during mobile hydroacoustic surveys in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Migrational characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam relative to the 1997 surface bypass collector tests","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Hanks, M., Cash, K., and Oleyar, J., 1998, Distribution and movement of juvenile salmonids detected during mobile hydroacoustic surveys in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam, 35 p. .","productDescription":"35 p. ","startPage":"78","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.43560791015624,\n 46.677710064644344\n ],\n [\n -117.36282348632812,\n 46.6588624401289\n ],\n [\n -117.34634399414062,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -117.25982666015624,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -117.23373413085936,\n 46.544694144765536\n ],\n [\n -117.27630615234374,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -117.42324829101562,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -117.44522094726562,\n 46.64472240881699\n ],\n [\n -117.50839233398438,\n 46.67111414362431\n ],\n [\n -117.52212524414062,\n 46.702202151643455\n ],\n [\n -117.46994018554688,\n 46.70596917928676\n ],\n [\n -117.43148803710936,\n 46.69089949154197\n ],\n [\n -117.43560791015624,\n 46.677710064644344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79fe4b0ba3b075e0603","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, M.E.","contributorId":178731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanks","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cash, K.M","contributorId":178009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cash","given":"K.M","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oleyar, J.B.","contributorId":156297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oleyar","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180708,"text":"70180708 - 1998 - Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:39:46","indexId":"70180708","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis","docAbstract":"Buff-breasted sandpipers use a variety of mating tactics to acquire mates, including remaining at a single lek for most of the breeding season, attending multiple leks during the season, displaying solitarily or displaying both on leks and solitarily. We found that differences in body size, body condition, fluctuating asymmetry scores, wing coloration, territory location and behaviour (attraction, solicitation and agonistic) did not explain the observed variation in mating tactics used by males. Which males abandoned versus returned to leks was also not related to morphology or behaviour, and there was no tendency for males to join leks that were larger or smaller than the lek they abandoned. These results suggest that male desertion of leks was not dependent on a male's characteristics nor on the size of the lek he was presently attending. Males did join leks with larger males than their previous lek, perhaps to mate with females attracted to these larger 'hotshot' males. Males at both leks and solitary sites successfully mated. Lek tenure did not affect mating success, although lekking males appeared to mate more frequently than solitary males. Courtship disruption and to a lesser extent, female mimicry, were effective at preventing females from mating at leks, and may offer a partial explanation for female mating off leks. Our analysis that combined all males together within a year (regardless of mating tactic) indicated that males that attended leks for longer periods of time and that had fewer wing spots were significantly more likely to mate. Given some evidence that wing spotting declines with age, and that females inspect male underwings during courtship, the latter result suggests that female choice may play some role in determining male success. We suggest that male buff-breasted sandpipers may use alternative mating tactics more readily than males in other 'classic' lek-breeding species because: (1) unpredictable breeding conditions in this species' high arctic breeding range leads to low lek stability, which in turn hinders mate selection mechanisms mediated by male dominance and female choice; and (2) males are not constrained by morphological markings that indicate status or sex. Both characteristics may reduce the reproductive benefits associated with males adopting one mating tactic and result in a sort of scramble competition in which males switch between tactics as local conditions change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1998.0841","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., Weatherhead, P.J., Kempenaers, B., and Scribner, K.T., 1998, Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis: Animal Behaviour, v. 56, no. 2, p. 419-432, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0841.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180696,"text":"70180696 - 1998 - Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T16:12:39","indexId":"70180696","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution","docAbstract":"Adipose tissue samples from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were obtained by necropsy or biopsy between the spring of 1989 to the spring of 1993 from Wrangel Island in Russia, most of the range of the bear in North America, eastern Greenland, and Svalbard. Samples were divided into 16 regions corresponding as much as possible to known stocks or management zones. Concentrations of dieldrin (DIEL), 4,4'-DDE (DDE), sum of 16 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (sigma PCB), and sum of 11 chlordane-related compounds and metabolites (sigma CHL) were determined. In order to minimize the effect of age, only data for adults (320 bears age 5 years and older) was used to compare concentrations among regions. Concentrations of sigma PCB were 46% higher in adult males than females, and there was no significant trend with age. Concentrations of sigma CHL were 30% lower in adult males than females. Concentrations of sigma PCB, sigma CHL, and DDE in individual adult female bears were standardized to adult males using factors derived from the least-square means of each sex category, and geometric means of the standardized concentrations on a lipid weight basis were compared among regions. Median geometric mean standardized concentrations (lipid weight basis) and ranges among regions were as follows: sigma PCB, 5,942 (2,763-24,316) micrograms/kg; sigma CHL, 1,952 (727-4,632) micrograms/kg; DDE, 219 (52-560) micrograms/kg; DIEL, 157 (31-335) micrograms/kg. Geometric mean sigma PCB concentrations in bears from Svalbard, East Greenland, and the Arctic Ocean near Prince Patrick Island in Canada were similar (20,256-24,316 micrograms/kg) and significantly higher than most other areas. Atmospheric, oceanic, and ice transport, as well as ecological factors may contribute to these high concentrations of sigma PCB. sigma CHL was more uniformly distributed among regions than the other CHCs. Highest sigma CHL concentrations were found in southeastern Hudson Bay, which also had the highest DDE and DIEL concentrations. In general, concentrations of sigma CHL, DDE, and DIEL were higher in eastern than western regions, suggesting an influence of North American sources. Average sigma PCB concentrations in bears from the Canadian Arctic were similar to those in 1982-84, while average sigma CHL and DDE concentrations were 35-44% lower and DIEL was 90% lower. However, the significance of these temporal trends during the 1980s is not conclusive because of the problems of comparability of data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900387","usgsCitation":"Norstrom, R.J., Belikov, S., Born, E., Garner, G., Malone, B., Olpinski, S., Ramsay, M., Schliebe, S., Stirling, I., Sitshov, M., Taylor, M., and Wiig, Ø., 1998, Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 354-367, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900387.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Denmark, Norway, United States, Russia","otherGeospatial":"Arctic, Greenland, Svalbard","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norstrom, R. J.","contributorId":69936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norstrom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Born, E.W.","contributorId":7508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malone, B.","contributorId":179004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28152,"text":"Malone Associates, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olpinski, S.","contributorId":179003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olpinski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28153,"text":"Makivik Corporation, Kuujuaq Research Centre, Kuujuaq, Quebec","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ramsay, M.A.","contributorId":179005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramsay","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schliebe, S.","contributorId":27818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schliebe","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sitshov, M.S.","contributorId":179006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sitshov","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13276,"text":"Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Taylor, M.K.","contributorId":33986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70196069,"text":"70196069 - 1998 - Brief notes on habitat geology and clay pipe habitat on Stellwagen Bank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T14:29:51","indexId":"70196069","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Brief notes on habitat geology and clay pipe habitat on Stellwagen Bank","docAbstract":"In our studies of sea floor habitats, my colleagues and I use both biological and geological approaches. We call our studies “habitat geology,” a term coined by a biologist friend of mine. We view it as the study of sea floor materials and biological and geological processes that influence where species live. Some of the factors that we consider are the following:
In addition, we take into account the impact of sea bed disturbance by bottom fishing trawls and dredges. Habitats characterized by attached and burrowing species that protrude above the sea bed appear to be most vulnerable to disturbance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of fishing gear on the sea floor of New England","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Conservation Law Foundation ","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., 1998, Brief notes on habitat geology and clay pipe habitat on Stellwagen Bank, chap. of Effects of fishing gear on the sea floor of New England, p. 119-120.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/mit/mitw97003/effects_of_fishing_gear.htm"},{"id":352575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff1555e4b0da30c1bfd407","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dorsey, Eleanor M.","contributorId":195358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Eleanor","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36604,"text":"Conservation Law Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731197,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, Judith","contributorId":27849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pederson","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731198,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187675,"text":"70187675 - 1998 - Earth data for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:39:52","indexId":"70187675","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth data for the future","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Quirk, B.K., and Beck, R.E., 1998, Earth data for the future: Geotimes, v. 43, no. 3, p. 21-23.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/gtmar98.html"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b9e4b044b359e486b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quirk, Bruce K. quirk@usgs.gov","contributorId":4285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quirk","given":"Bruce","email":"quirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":695036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, Ronald E.","contributorId":192007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195678,"text":"70195678 - 1998 - A classification of quaternary dating methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T09:59:06","indexId":"70195678","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5637,"text":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NUREG/CR-5562","title":"A classification of quaternary dating methods","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dating and earthquakes: Review of Quaternary geochronology and its application to paleoseismology (NUREG/CR-5562)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Colman, S., and Pierce, K.L., 1998, A classification of quaternary dating methods: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Report NUREG/CR-5562, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2/11","endPage":"2/17","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff1555e4b0da30c1bfd40f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Noller, Jay S.","contributorId":56253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noller","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729676,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowers, Janet M.","contributorId":51318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729677,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lettis, William R.","contributorId":85970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettis","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729678,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Colman, S.M.","contributorId":32851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194411,"text":"70194411 - 1998 - Ecological scale: Theory and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T16:57:52","indexId":"70194411","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Ecological scale: Theory and applications","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
This Federal Recreation Lands map is a consolidated guide to public lands offering outdoor recreation opportunities. Some areas have more recreation potential than others, and types of recreation available may vary from place to place. Many areas include private land not open to the public. Care should be taken to respect the rights of private property owners. For information regarding specific activities, services, facilities, hours and seasons of operation, entrance and other user fees, and accessibility, contact the appropriate agency office.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70189681","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Outdoors America: recreational opportunities on public lands: General Information Product, 2 Plates: 35.71 x 18.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70189681.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 35.71 x 18.47 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344103,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70189681/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":344104,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70189681/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":344102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70189681/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c7e4b0ec1a4885dafc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":705781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020762,"text":"70020762 - 1998 - Detecting influential observations in nonlinear regression modeling of groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:21:23","indexId":"70020762","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting influential observations in nonlinear regression modeling of groundwater flow","docAbstract":"Nonlinear regression is used to estimate optimal parameter values in models of groundwater flow to ensure that differences between predicted and observed heads and flows do not result from nonoptimal parameter values. Parameter estimates can be affected, however, by observations that disproportionately influence the regression, such as outliers that exert undue leverage on the objective function. Certain statistics developed for linear regression can be used to detect influential observations in nonlinear regression if the models are approximately linear. This paper discusses the application of Cook's D, which measures the effect of omitting a single observation on a set of estimated parameter values, and the statistical parameter DFBETAS, which quantifies the influence of an observation on each parameter. The influence statistics were used to (1) identify the influential observations in the calibration of a three-dimensional, groundwater flow model of a fractured-rock aquifer through nonlinear regression, and (2) quantify the effect of omitting influential observations on the set of estimated parameter values. Comparison of the spatial distribution of Cook's D with plots of model sensitivity shows that influential observations correspond to areas where the model heads are most sensitive to certain parameters, and where predicted groundwater flow rates are largest. Five of the six discharge observations were identified as influential, indicating that reliable measurements of groundwater flow rates are valuable data in model calibration. DFBETAS are computed and examined for an alternative model of the aquifer system to identify a parameterization error in the model design that resulted in overestimation of the effect of anisotropy on horizontal hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR01010","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., 1998, Detecting influential observations in nonlinear regression modeling of groundwater flow: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1623-1633, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR01010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1633","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff61e4b0c8380cd4f160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}