{"pageNumber":"3518","pageRowStart":"87925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70020750,"text":"70020750 - 1998 - Ground-truthing a troll: Studying the barking frog at Coronado National Memorial","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70020750","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-truthing a troll: Studying the barking frog at Coronado National Memorial","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Schwalbe, C., and Alberti, B., 1998, Ground-truthing a troll: Studying the barking frog at Coronado National Memorial: Park Science, v. 18, no. 1, p. 26-27.","startPage":"26","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2b76e4b0c8380cd5b9d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwalbe, C.","contributorId":44869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alberti, B.","contributorId":46460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alberti","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020749,"text":"70020749 - 1998 - Effect of lead poisoning on spectacled eider survival rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:53:18","indexId":"70020749","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of lead poisoning on spectacled eider survival rates","docAbstract":"<p>Spectacled eider (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) populations on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta), Alaska, declined rapidly through the 1980s, and low adult female survival was suggested as the likely cause of the decline. We used mark-resighting techniques to study annual survival rates of adult female spectacled eiders at 2 sites on the Y-K Delta during 1993-96. Our data suggest survival rates may differ among sites. However, a model fit to a subset of data on females for which we knew lead levels in blood suggests lead exposure influences survival. Adult females exposed to lead prior to hatching their eggs survived at a much lower rate (0.44 ?? 0.10) each year than females not exposed to lead before hatch (0.78 ?? 0.05). We suggest most mortality from lead exposure occurs over winter, and the related reduction in adult survival may be impeding recovery of local populations. We encourage managers to curtail input of lead shot into the environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802564","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Grand, J.B., Flint, P.L., Petersen, M.R., and Moran, C.L., 1998, Effect of lead poisoning on spectacled eider survival rates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 3, p. 1103-1109, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802564.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1109","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.0043487548828,\n              60.88168623709687\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.02906799316406,\n              60.86196637375135\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.04623413085938,\n              60.843572478769616\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.0373077392578,\n              60.80909723816251\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.94049072265625,\n              60.815124717051184\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.89105224609375,\n              60.828515051020105\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.8780059814453,\n              60.84323794629703\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.9095916748047,\n              60.85862281676983\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.0043487548828,\n              60.88168623709687\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.6649017333984,\n              61.267262143963144\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6195831298828,\n              61.26990273209316\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.59280395507812,\n              61.27650323124963\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.56259155273438,\n              61.29398784561188\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.52963256835938,\n              61.30651799006751\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.52345275878903,\n              61.31179234308851\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.52413940429685,\n              61.31838403686128\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.55091857910156,\n              61.326951166839436\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.5632781982422,\n              61.33452782975877\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.57838439941406,\n              61.34934643651025\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.60997009277344,\n              61.35790510223449\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.61683654785153,\n              61.35658853675885\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.61546325683594,\n              61.344407680083755\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.62232971191406,\n              61.332880884995056\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.64979553222656,\n              61.32892786425992\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.66627502441406,\n              61.32497434470966\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.65322875976562,\n              61.31047383800506\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6456756591797,\n              61.3045398789521\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6690216064453,\n              61.29629640621224\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.68824768066406,\n              61.29266859185916\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.69305419921875,\n              61.29167911514325\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.68000793457028,\n              61.282112564822505\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6649017333984,\n              61.267262143963144\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f2e4b0c8380cd5103e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Christine L.","contributorId":6621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020747,"text":"70020747 - 1998 - Hydrologic modeling of two glaciated watersheds in Northeast Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T00:06:38.910386","indexId":"70020747","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic modeling of two glaciated watersheds in Northeast Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><strong>ABSTRACT:<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>A hydrologic modeling study, using the Hydrologic Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF), was conducted in two glaciated watersheds, Purdy Creek and Ariel Creek in northeastern Pennsylvania. Both watersheds have wetlands and poorly drained soils due to low hydraulic conductivity and presence of fragipans. The HSPF model was calibrated in the Purdy Creek watershed and verified in the Ariel Creek watershed for June 1992 to December 1993 period. In Purdy Creek, the total volume of observed stream-flow during the entire simulation period was 13.36 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and the simulated streamflow volume was 13.82 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(5 percent difference). For the verification simulation in Ariel Creek, the difference between the total observed and simulated flow volumes was 17 percent. Simulated peak flow discharges were within two hours of the observed for 30 of 46 peak flow events (discharge greater than 0.1 m<sup>3</sup>/sec) in Purdy Creek and 27 of 53 events in Ariel Creek. For 22 of the 46 events in Purdy Creek and 24 of 53 in Ariel Creek, the differences between the observed and simulated peak discharge rates were less than 30 percent. These 22 events accounted for 63 percent of total volume of streamflow observed during the selected 46 peak flow events in Purdy Creek. In Ariel Creek, these 24 peak flow events accounted for 62 percent of the total flow observed during all peak flow events. Differences in observed and simulated peak flow rates and volumes (on a percent basis) were greater during the snowmelt runoff events and summer periods than for other times.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01529.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Srinivasan, M., Hamlett, J., Day, R., Sams, J., and Petersen, G., 1998, Hydrologic modeling of two glaciated watersheds in Northeast Pennsylvania: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 4, p. 963-978, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01529.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"963","endPage":"978","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a364ae4b0c8380cd605d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Srinivasan, M.S.","contributorId":89692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Srinivasan","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamlett, J.M.","contributorId":22529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlett","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, R.L.","contributorId":71347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sams, J.I.","contributorId":76903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sams","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, G.W.","contributorId":35503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021048,"text":"70021048 - 1998 - Multiscale seismic imaging of active fault zones for hazard assessment: A case study of the Santa Monica fault zone, Los Angeles, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T12:28:54.927761","indexId":"70021048","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale seismic imaging of active fault zones for hazard assessment: A case study of the Santa Monica fault zone, Los Angeles, California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-sm-8 col-md-8 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>High‐resolution seismic reflection profiles at two different scales were acquired across the transpressional Santa Monica Fault of north Los Angeles as part of an integrated hazard assessment of the fault. The seismic data confirm the location of the fault and related shallow faulting seen in a trench to deeper structures known from regional studies. The trench shows a series of near‐vertical strike‐slip faults beneath a topographic scarp inferred to be caused by thrusting on the Santa Monica fault. Analysis of the disruption of soil horizons in the trench indicates multiple earthquakes have occurred on these strike‐slip faults within the past 50 000 years, with the latest being 1000 to 3000 years ago. A 3.8-km-long, high‐resolution seismic reflection profile shows reflector truncations that constrain the shallow portion of the Santa Monica Fault (upper 300 m) to dip northward between 30° and 55°, most likely 30° to 35°, in contrast to the 60° to 70° dip interpreted for the deeper portion of the fault. Prominent, nearly continuous reflectors on the profile are interpreted to be the erosional unconformity between the 1.2 Ma and older Pico Formation and the base of alluvial fan deposits. The unconformity lies at depths of 30–60 m north of the fault and 110–130 m south of the fault, with about 100 m of vertical displacement (180 m of dip‐slip motion on a 30°–35° dipping fault) across the fault since deposition of the upper Pico Formation. The continuity of the uncomformity on the seismic profile constrains the fault to lie in a relatively narrow (50 m) zone, and to project to the surface beneath Ohio Avenue immediately south of the trench. A very high‐resolution seismic profile adjacent to the trench images reflectors in the 15 to 60 m depth range that are arched slightly by folding just north of the fault. A disrupted zone on the profile beneath the south end of the trench is interpreted as being caused by the deeper portions of the trenched strike‐slip faults where they merge with the thrust fault.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1444349","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Pratt, T.L., Dolan, J., Odum, J.K., Stephenson, W.J., Williams, R.A., and Templeton, M., 1998, Multiscale seismic imaging of active fault zones for hazard assessment: A case study of the Santa Monica fault zone, Los Angeles, California: Geophysics, v. 63, no. 2, p. 479-489, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444349.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a609ce4b0c8380cd71591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolan, J.F.","contributorId":64813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Templeton, M.E.","contributorId":12645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templeton","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021049,"text":"70021049 - 1998 - Modeled responses of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO2: A comparison of simulations by the biogeochemistry models of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:10:57","indexId":"70021049","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled responses of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO2: A comparison of simulations by the biogeochemistry models of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP)","docAbstract":"<p>Although there is a great deal of information concerning responses to increases in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at the tissue and plant levels, there are substantially fewer studies that have investigated ecosystem-level responses in the context of integrated carbon, water, and nutrient cycles. Because our understanding of ecosystem responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> is incomplete, modeling is a tool that can be used to investigate the role of plant and soil interactions in the response of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. In this study, we analyze the responses of net primary production (NPP) to doubled CO<sub>2</sub> from 355 to 710 ppmv among three biogeochemistry models in the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP): BIOME-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles), Century, and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). For the conterminous United States, doubled atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> causes NPP to increase by 5% in Century, 8% in TEM, and 11% in BIOME-BGC. Multiple regression analyses between the NPP response to doubled CO<sub>2</sub> and the mean annual temperature and annual precipitation of biomes or grid cells indicate that there are negative relationships between precipitation and the response of NPP to doubled CO<sub>2</sub> for all three models. In contrast, there are different relationships between temperature and the response of NPP to doubled CO<sub>2</sub> for the three models: there is a negative relationship in the responses of BIOME-BGC, no relationship in the responses of Century, and a positive relationship in the responses of TEM. In BIOME-BGC, the NPP response to doubled CO<sub>2</sub> is controlled by the change in transpiration associated with reduced leaf conductance to water vapor. This change affects soil water, then leaf area development and, finally, NPP. In Century, the response of NPP to doubled CO<sub>2</sub> is controlled by changes in decomposition rates associated with increased soil moisture that results from reduced evapotranspiration. This change affects nitrogen availability for plants, which influences NPP. In TEM, the NPP response to doubled CO<sub>2</sub> is controlled by increased carboxylation which is modified by canopy conductance and the degree to which nitrogen constraints cause down-regulation of photosynthesis. The implementation of these different mechanisms has consequences for the spatial pattern of NPP responses, and represents, in part, conceptual uncertainty about controls over NPP responses. Progress in reducing these uncertainties requires research focused at the ecosystem level to understand how interactions between the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles influence the response of NPP to elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004420050462","usgsCitation":"Pan, Y., Melillo, J.M., McGuire, A., Kicklighter, D., Pitelka, L.F., Hibbard, K., Pierce, L., Running, S.W., Ojima, D., Parton, W., Schimel, D.S., Borchers, J., Neilson, R., Fisher, H., Kittel, T., Rossenbloom, N., Fox, S., Haxeltine, A., Prentice, I.C., Sitch, S., Janetos, A., McKeown, R., Nemani, R., Painter, T., Rizzo, B., Smith, T., and Woodward, F., 1998, Modeled responses of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO2: A comparison of simulations by the biogeochemistry models of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP): Oecologia, v. 114, no. 3, p. 389-404, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050462.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"404","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbee4b0c8380cd6f795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Y.","contributorId":30382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pitelka, Louis F.","contributorId":78498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitelka","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hibbard, K.","contributorId":51938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbard","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pierce, L.L.","contributorId":27220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Running, S. W.","contributorId":51257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ojima, D.S.","contributorId":49549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Parton, W.J.","contributorId":89685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schimel, D. S.","contributorId":84104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Borchers, J.","contributorId":104240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Neilson, R.","contributorId":7864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neilson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fisher, H.H.","contributorId":71718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kittel, T.G.F.","contributorId":21500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"T.G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rossenbloom, N.A.","contributorId":97273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossenbloom","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Fox, S.","contributorId":24946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Haxeltine, A.","contributorId":47936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxeltine","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sitch, S.","contributorId":81652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitch","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Janetos, A.","contributorId":59577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janetos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"McKeown, R.","contributorId":21310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nemani, R.","contributorId":41614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemani","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Painter, T.","contributorId":34677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Rizzo, B.","contributorId":19727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Smith, T.","contributorId":28032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Woodward, F.I.","contributorId":36314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"F.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}}
,{"id":70020746,"text":"70020746 - 1998 - Transport of agrichemicals to ground and surface water in a small central Indiana watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T11:22:45.710429","indexId":"70020746","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of agrichemicals to ground and surface water in a small central Indiana watershed","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The occurrence, distribution, concentrations, and pathways of agrichemicals in water were investigated in the Sugar Creek watershed, a poorly drained agricultural watershed typical of many watersheds in the midwestern USA. Water samples from Sugar Creek, two tile drains, and 11 wells along a groundwater flowpath to Sugar Creek were collected between May 1992 and August 1996 and analyzed for N and pesticide compounds. Nitrate was the principal N species and pesticides were common in alluvial water-bearing units in the Sugar Creek floodplain. In the confined stratified drift aquifers, ammonia was the principal N species and pesticides were rare. Tile drains directly affected the water quality in Sugar Creek by transporting soil pore water and shallow groundwater containing high concentrations of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>) and pesticides to the creek. When tile drains were flowing (typically December through July), elevated NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations (2–10 mg/L NO<sub>3</sub>N) in the creek correlated with high NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations (2–23 mg/L NO<sub>3</sub>N) in tile drains discharging to the creek. Likewise, with concentrations of atrazine and atrazine metabolites, seasonal trends in the tile-drain effluent were similar to seasonal trends in Sugar Creek. When tile drains went dry, NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations in the creek were low, indicating most groundwater discharge to the creek consisted of old or denitrified water. Trace levels of pesticides in the creek at low flow probably were the result of seepage from alluvial water-bearing units.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700040024x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J., and Moore, R., 1998, Transport of agrichemicals to ground and surface water in a small central Indiana watershed: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 27, no. 4, p. 884-894, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700040024x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"884","endPage":"894","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.95291137695312,\n              39.684468179576214\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.95291137695312,\n              39.88365983864681\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5889892578125,\n              39.88365983864681\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5889892578125,\n              39.684468179576214\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.95291137695312,\n              39.684468179576214\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb749e4b08c986b32718b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, J.M.","contributorId":100430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, R.C.","contributorId":77180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021050,"text":"70021050 - 1998 - Source character of microseismicity in the San Francisco Bay block, California, and implications for seismic hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T14:20:03.738515","indexId":"70021050","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source character of microseismicity in the San Francisco Bay block, California, and implications for seismic hazard","docAbstract":"<div id=\"135489074\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>We examine relocated seismicity within a 30-km-wide crustal block containing San Francisco Bay and bounded by two major right-lateral strike-slip fault systems, the Hayward and San Andreas faults, to determine seismicity distribution, source character, and possible relationship to proposed faults. Well-located low-level seismicity (<i>M<sub>d</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>≦ 3.0) has occurred persistently within this block throughout the recording interval (1969 to 1995), with the highest levels of activity occurring along or directly adjacent to (within ∼5 km) the bounding faults and falling off toward the long axis of the bay. The total seismic moment release within the interior of the Bay block since 1969 is equivalent to one<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>3.8 earthquake, one to two orders of magnitude lower than activity along and within 5 km of the bounding faults. Focal depths of reliably located events within the Bay block are generally less than 13 km with most seismicity in the depth range of 7 to 12 km, similar to focal depths along both the adjacent portions of the San Andreas and Hayward faults. Focal mechanisms for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>d</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>2 to 3 events within the Bay block mimic focal mechanisms along the adjacent San Andreas fault zone and in the East Bay, suggesting that Bay block is responding to a similar regional stress field. Two potential seismic source zones have been suggested within the Bay block. Our hypocentral depths and focal mechanisms suggest that a proposed subhorizontal detachment fault 15 to 18 km beneath the Bay is not seismically active. Several large-scale linear NW-trending aeromagnetic anomalies within the Bay block were previously suggested to represent large through-going subvertical fault zones. The two largest earthquakes (both<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>d</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>3.0) in the Bay block since 1969 occur near two of these large-scale linear aeromagnetic anomalies; both have subvertical nodal planes with right-lateral slip subparallel to the magnetic anomalies, suggesting that structures related to the anomalies may be capable of brittle failure. Geodetic, focal mechanism and seismicity data all suggest the Bay block is responding elastically to the same regional stresses affecting the bounding faults; however, continuous Holocene reflectors across the proposed fault zones suggest that if the magnetic anomalies represent basement fault zones, then these faults must have recurrence times one to several orders of magnitude longer than on the bounding faults.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0880020543","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Olson, J.A., and Zoback, M., 1998, Source character of microseismicity in the San Francisco Bay block, California, and implications for seismic hazard: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 88, no. 2, p. 543-555, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880020543.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.0560626236698,\n              38.41323916487977\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0560626236698,\n              37.28551688226854\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38614074866973,\n              37.28551688226854\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38614074866973,\n              38.41323916487977\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0560626236698,\n              38.41323916487977\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9326e4b08c986b31a30c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, J. A.","contributorId":64341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020743,"text":"70020743 - 1998 - The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020743","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1840,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications","docAbstract":"We sampled the lizard fauna of twenty-two small islets fringing the Pacific island of Guam and used these data to shed light on the processes responsible for present-day diversity. Habitat diversity, measured by islet area and vegetation complexity, was significantly correlated with the number of species found on an islet. However, islet distance and elevation were not significant predictors of diversity. Distribution patterns were slightly different for the two major families in our sample, Scincidae and Gekkonidae: skinks needed larger islets to maintain a population than did geckos. Presence/absence patterns were highly and significantly nested, and population density was correlated with the number of islets on which a species was found. An area cladogram was poorly supported and showed no faunal similarity between nearby islands. These patterns indicate that extinctions on most islets were due mostly to non-catastrophic, long-acting biological causes. The presence on the islets of species extirpated on Guam and the lack of significant nestedness on islands with greater maximum elevation highlight the impact that predators (primarily brown treesnakes) can have. Our findings also show that small reserves will not suffice to protect endangered lizard faunas, and that the islets may serve as a short-term repository of such species until snake-free areas can be established on Guam.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x","issn":"09607447","usgsCitation":"Perry, G., Rodda, G., Fritts, T.H., and Sharp, T., 1998, The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications: Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, v. 7, no. 5, p. 353-365, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x.","startPage":"353","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x"},{"id":231427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad97e4b08c986b323cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, G.","contributorId":91818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, T.R.","contributorId":101043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021051,"text":"70021051 - 1998 - Lunar ferroan anorthosite petrogenesis: clues from trace element distributions in FAN subgroups","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021051","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar ferroan anorthosite petrogenesis: clues from trace element distributions in FAN subgroups","docAbstract":"The rare earth elements (REE) and selected other trace elements were measured in plagioclase and pyroxene from nine samples of the lunar ferroan anorthosite (FAN) suite of rocks. Samples were selected from each of four FAN subgroups previously defined by James et al. (1989). Plagioclase compositions are homogeneous within each sample, but high- and low-Ca pyroxenes from lithic clasts typically have different REE abundances from their counterparts in the surrounding granulated matrices. Measured plagioclase/low-Ca pyroxene concentration ratios for the REE have steeper patterns than experimentally determined plagioclase/low-Ca pyroxene partition coefficients in most samples. Textural and trace element evidence suggest that, although subsolidus equilibration may be responsible for some of the discrepancy, plagioclase compositions in most samples have been largely unaffected by intermineral redistribution of the REE. The REE systematics of plagioclase from the four subgroups are broadly consistent with their deviation through crystallization from a single evolving magma. However, samples from some of the subgroups exhibit a decoupling of plagioclase and pyroxene compositions that probably reflects the complexities inherent in crystallization from a large-scale magmatic system. For example, two anorthosites with very magnesian mafic minerals have highly evolved trace element compositions; major element compositions in plagioclase also do not reflect the evolutionary sequence recorded by their REE compositions. Finally, a noritic anorthosite breccia with relatively ferroan mafic minerals contains several clasts with high and variable REE and other trace element abundances. Although plagioclase REE compositions are consistent with their derivation from a magma with a KREEPy trace element signature, very shallow REE patterns in the pyroxenes suggest the addition of a component enriched in the light REE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00031-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Floss, C., James, O., McGee, J.J., and Crozaz, G., 1998, Lunar ferroan anorthosite petrogenesis: clues from trace element distributions in FAN subgroups: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, no. 7, p. 1255-1283, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00031-3.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1283","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206464,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00031-3"},{"id":229849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a8de4b0c8380cd68e6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Floss, C.","contributorId":48341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floss","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, O.B.","contributorId":100526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, J. J.","contributorId":92271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crozaz, G.","contributorId":72156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crozaz","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020735,"text":"70020735 - 1998 - Small-scale morphology across the surf zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020735","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale morphology across the surf zone","docAbstract":"Small-scale (< 5 m horizontal length) nearshore morphologic height variations were measured by combining CRAB surveys with bed elevations acquired with a 1 MHz sonic altimeter mounted on the CRAB during the October Phase of the DUCK94 experiment. Bedform plan views were recorded simultaneously using a 500 kHz side-scan sonar mounted on the CRAB. Waves and currents were measured at the same time. Significant temporal and spatial variations in the small-scale morphology were measured in response to changing waves and currents during the 2 weeks examined. Three cases are examined in detail: (1) mild waves and weak longshore currents resulting in wave ripples throughout the study area; (2) storm waves with strong longshore currents resulting in lunate and straight-crested mega-ripples in the trough of the barred beach; and (3) narrow-band, normally incident waves with a strong rip current resulting in a planar bed except in the throat of the rip where mega-ripples were measured. Wavenumber spectra of the bed were generally broad, indicating newly formed ripples coexisted with residual ripples from the past to form complex, multi-scaled ripple patterns.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00114-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Thornton, E., Swayne, J., and Dingler, J., 1998, Small-scale morphology across the surf zone: Marine Geology, v. 145, no. 3-4, p. 173-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00114-X.","startPage":"173","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206930,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00114-X"},{"id":231279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9198e4b08c986b3199b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornton, E.B.","contributorId":103828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"E.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayne, J.L.","contributorId":7449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayne","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dingler, J.R.","contributorId":64247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingler","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021054,"text":"70021054 - 1998 - Windflow circulation patterns in a coastal dune blowout, south coast of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021054","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Windflow circulation patterns in a coastal dune blowout, south coast of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The windflow patterns in a large active blowout in a coastal dune on the southern shore of Lake Michigan were intensively monitored during a two-day period when the predominant winds shifted from onshore (Day 1) to offshore (Day 2). The wind data were used in conjunction with mapped geomorphic features and sedimentologic characteristics to infer the following aspects of blowout evolution: (1) Prevailing winds are transformed considerably once they enter the blowout. Flow separation occurs when offshore winds enter the blowout over the steep back wall. Separated flows may, in turn, induce countercurrent flows within the trough. Flow expansion and deceleration occur when onshore winds enter over gently sloping walls at the front of the blowout. (2) Maximum erosion occurs along the deflationary floor near the entrance to the blowout, and lateral extensional lobes are also expanding the blowout to the east. Sand avalanches down the eastern and western lateral walls toward the deflationary floor where it is moved toward the rear of the blowout and up the ramp at the south end. Sand leaves the blowout as a series of depositional lobes prograding out onto the surface of the host dune along the south and east walls. (3) Vegetation prevents expansion of the blowout in certain directions and impediments to flow, such as slump blocks, alter circulation patterns and sand transport paths. (4) Prevailing onshore winds deflate the floor and promote eastward expansion of lateral erosional lobes, whereas strong flows from the southwest apparently are the main cause of transport up the transportational ramp and over the south wall of the blowout.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Fraser, G., Bennett, S., Olyphant, G., Bauch, N., Ferguson, V., Gellasch, C., Millard, C., Mueller, B., O’Malley, P.J., Way, J., and Woodfield, M., 1998, Windflow circulation patterns in a coastal dune blowout, south coast of Lake Michigan: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 14, no. 2, p. 451-460.","startPage":"451","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd126e4b08c986b32f26d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, G.S.","contributorId":49946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, S.W.","contributorId":73359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauch, N.J.","contributorId":64688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferguson, V.","contributorId":77688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gellasch, C.A.","contributorId":80843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellasch","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Millard, C.L.","contributorId":55163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mueller, B.","contributorId":11788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’Malley, P. J.","contributorId":58801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Malley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Way, J.N.","contributorId":94063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Way","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Woodfield, M.C.","contributorId":100461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodfield","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70021055,"text":"70021055 - 1998 - Consequences of cannibalism and competition for food in a smallmouth bass population: An individual-based modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T14:56:13","indexId":"70021055","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of cannibalism and competition for food in a smallmouth bass population: An individual-based modeling study","docAbstract":"<p>We used an individual-based modeling approach to study the consequences of cannibalism and competition for food in a freshwater fish population. We simulated the daily foraging, growth, and survival of the age-0 fish and older juvenile individuals of a sample population to reconstruct patterns of density dependence in the age-0 fish during the growth season. Cannibalism occurs as a part of the foraging process. For age-0 fish, older juvenile fish are both potential cannibals and competitors of food. We found that competition and cannibalism produced intraclass and interclass density dependence. Our modeling results suggested the following. (1) With low density of juvenile fish and weak interclass interactions, the age-0 fish recruitment shows a Beverton-Holt type of density dependence. (2) With high density of juvenile fish and strong interclass interactions, the age-0 fish recruitment shows a Ricker type of density dependence, and overcompensation occurs. (3) Interclass competition of food is responsible for much of the overcompensation. (4) Cannibalism intensifies the changes in the recruitment that are brought about by competition. Cannibalism can (a) generally reduce the recruitment, (b) particularly reduce the maximum level of recruitment, (c) cause overcompensation to occur at lower densities, and (d) produce a stronger overcompensation. (5) Growth is also a function of density. Cannibalism generally improves average growth of cannibals. (6) Variation in the lengths of age-0 fish increases with density and with a decreased average growth. These results imply that cannibalism and competition for food could strongly affect recruitment dynamics. Our model also showed that the rate of cannibalism either could be fairly even through the whole season or could vary dramatically. The individual-based modeling approach can help ecologists understand the mechanistic connection between daily behavioral and physiological processes operating at the level of individual organisms and seasonal patterns of population structure and dynamics. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 1998.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0174:COCACF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dong, Q., and DeAngelis, D., 1998, Consequences of cannibalism and competition for food in a smallmouth bass population: An individual-based modeling study: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 2, p. 174-189, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0174:COCACF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"189","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0174:cocacf>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d4e4b0c8380cd4d7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, Q.","contributorId":39152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020734,"text":"70020734 - 1998 - Cotton herbicides in the surface waters of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (the Delta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020734","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cotton herbicides in the surface waters of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (the Delta)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting two studies to assess the environmental fate of herbicides used in cotton producing areas of the southeastern United States. The first study is evaluating surface-water quality on a regional basis and relating water quality to land use. The second study is examining the use of Best Management Practices to reduce off-site movement of agricultural chemicals in surface-water runoff. Maximum concentrations of the herbicides fluometuron and norflurazon in samples from surface water in edge-of-field studies were 23 and 7 micrograms per liter, respectively. Also, they were detected in the runoff of nearly every sampled storm for the 1997 water year at concentrations higher than 1.0 microgram per liter. Fluometuron and norflurazon were measured frequently in samples from rivers and streams in cotton producing areas, but the frequency of occurrence and the maximum concentrations were less than those in the edge-of-field studies.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 International Water Resources Engineering Conference. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R., and Rebich, R., 1998, Cotton herbicides in the surface waters of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (the Delta), <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, Memphis, TN, USA, 3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998, p. 1212-1217.","startPage":"1212","endPage":"1217","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc7fe4b0c8380cd4e2ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rebich, R.A.","contributorId":20788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162653,"text":"70162653 - 1998 - Imperilled wetlands - Book review: Mangroves and saltmarshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T11:54:26","indexId":"70162653","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imperilled wetlands - Book review: Mangroves and saltmarshes","docAbstract":"<p>Review info:<i>&nbsp;Mangroves and saltmarshes.</i><span>&nbsp;Edited by Eric Wolanski and Charles S. Hopkinson Jr., 1996.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/25898","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., 1998, Imperilled wetlands - Book review: Mangroves and saltmarshes: Nature, v. 395, p. 131-132, https://doi.org/10.1038/25898.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"395","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49c8e4b07ca61bfea567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020732,"text":"70020732 - 1998 - Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T13:25:59.0231","indexId":"70020732","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The 1993–1995 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, occurred in two distinct phases. Phase 1 of the surge began on the eastern sector in July, 1993 and ended in July, 1994 after a powerful outburst of subglacial meltwater into Tsivat Lake basin on the north side of Weeping Peat Island. Within days, jökulhlaup discharge built a 1.5 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>delta of ice blocks (25–30 m) buried in outwash. By late October 1994, discharge temporarily shifted to a vent on Weeping Peat Island, where a second smaller outburst dissected the island and built two new sandar. During phase 2, which began in spring 1995 and ended within five months, continuous discharge issued from several vents along the ice front on Weeping Peat Island before returning to the Tsivat Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0877:TBCSPT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Fleisher, P., Cadwell, D., and Muller, E., 1998, Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, no. 7, p. 877-887, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0877:TBCSPT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Piedmont Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.39247492816136,\n              63.2991286669656\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.39247492816136,\n              59.807561616451096\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.1854436781614,\n              59.807561616451096\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.1854436781614,\n              63.2991286669656\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.39247492816136,\n              63.2991286669656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8a3e4b08c986b32799e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleisher, P.J.","contributorId":70664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleisher","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadwell, D.H.","contributorId":97552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadwell","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, E.H.","contributorId":35350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020729,"text":"70020729 - 1998 - Methodology and implications of maximum paleodischarge estimates for mountain channels, upper Animas River basin, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T16:24:24.981687","indexId":"70020729","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methodology and implications of maximum paleodischarge estimates for mountain channels, upper Animas River basin, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Historical and geologic records may be used to enhance magnitude estimates for extreme floods along mountain channels, as demonstrated in this study from the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. Historical photographs and local newspaper accounts from the October 1911 flood indicate the likely extent of flooding and damage. A checklist designed to organize and numerically score evidence of flooding was used in 15 field reconnaissance surveys in the upper Animas River valley of southwestern Colorado. Step-backwater flow modeling estimated the discharges necessary to create longitudinal flood bars observed at 6 additional field sites. According to these analyses, maximum unit discharge peaks at approximately 1.3 m3 s-1 km-2 around 2200 m elevation, with decreased unit discharges at both higher and lower elevations. These results (1) are consistent with Jarrett's (1987, 1990, 1993) maximum 2300-m elevation limit for flash-flooding in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, and (2) suggest that current Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) estimates based on a 24-h rainfall of 30 cm at elevations above 2700 m are unrealistically large. The methodology used for this study should be readily applicable to other mountain regions where systematic streamflow records are of short duration or nonexistent.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2307/1551744","usgsCitation":"Pruess, J., Wohl, E.E., and Jarrett, R.D., 1998, Methodology and implications of maximum paleodischarge estimates for mountain channels, upper Animas River basin, Colorado, U.S.A.: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 30, no. 1, p. 40-50, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551744.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Animas River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.06948821876755,\n              37.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5,\n              37.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.06948821876755,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.06948821876755,\n              37.1\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a556ce4b0c8380cd6d1e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pruess, J.","contributorId":44308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruess","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohl, Ellen E.","contributorId":16969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":387291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020728,"text":"70020728 - 1998 - Metal concentrations in surface sediments of Boston Harbor: Changes with time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:13:43","indexId":"70020728","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal concentrations in surface sediments of Boston Harbor: Changes with time","docAbstract":"<p><span>The concentrations of metals in surface sediments of Boston Harbor have decreased during the period 1977–1993. This conclusion is supported by analysis of: (1) surface sediments collected at monitoring stations in the outer harbor between 1977 and 1993; (2) metal concentration profiles in sediment cores from depositional areas of the harbor; and (3) historical data from a contaminated-sediment database, which includes information on metal and organic contaminants and sediment texture. The background and matrix-corrected concentrations of lead (Pb) measured in the surficial layer (0–2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm) of cores decreased by an average of 46%±12% among four locations in the outer harbor during the 16</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>y period. Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), silver (Ag), and zinc (Zn) exhibited similar trends. Results from our sediment sampling are supported by historical data that were compiled from diverse sources into a regional sediment database. This sediment database contains approximately 3000 samples; of these, about 460 samples were collected and analyzed for Cu, Hg, or Zn and many other sediment parameters in Boston Harbor surface sediments between 1971–1993. The database indicates that the concentrations of these three metals also decreased with time in Boston’s Inner Harbor. The decreases in metal concentrations that are observed in more recent years parallel a general decrease in the flux of metals to the harbor, implemented by: (1) ending the sewage sludge discharge to the Harbor in December, 1991; (2) greater source reduction (e.g. recovery of silver from photographic processing) and closing or moving of industries; (3) improvements in wastewater handling and sewage treatment; and (4) diminishing use of lead in gasoline beginning about 1973. Despite the general decrease in metal concentrations in Boston Harbor surface sediments, the concentrations of Ag and Hg measured at some outer harbor stations in 1993 were still at, or above, the level associated with frequent adverse effects to marine organisms (guidelines are: Ag 3.7</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>g g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, Hg 1.17</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>g g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, from<span>&nbsp;</span></span>Long et al., 1995<span>). Concentrations of the other metals listed were in the range considered to occasionally induce adverse biological effects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0141-1136(97)00027-5","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., and Manheim, F., 1998, Metal concentrations in surface sediments of Boston Harbor: Changes with time: Marine Environmental Research, v. 45, no. 2, p. 127-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(97)00027-5.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.927734375,\n              41.69752591075902\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.884033203125,\n              41.69752591075902\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.884033203125,\n              42.742978093466434\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.927734375,\n              42.742978093466434\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.927734375,\n              41.69752591075902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5474e4b0c8380cd6cfa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020714,"text":"70020714 - 1998 - Variations in tidal level in the Gulf of Mexico and implications for tidal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70020714","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in tidal level in the Gulf of Mexico and implications for tidal wetlands","docAbstract":"Tidal wetland environments have an ecological zonation that corresponds with tide levels, in particular with mean high water. However, mean sea level (MSL), which has shown a persistent rise in the Gulf of Mexico during this century, is the most common reference for water level change. We examine here the relationship between mean sea level and mean high water in describing water level changes in the Gulf of Mexico. The records of monthly mean water level for four stations, Galveston, Pensacola, Cedar Key and Key West, are partitioned into the annual cycle, the long-term trend, and a low-frequency (> 10 year period) fluctuation. The trend is the same for MSL and mean higher high water (MHHW) for all stations investigated except Cedar Key, Florida, where MHHW has increased more rapidly than MSL. The low-frequency fluctuations are similar between the stations and the tidal datums. MSL can predict MHHW with discrepancies of up to 5 cm owing to the lunar nodal cycle and an annual tidal signal. Low-frequency climatic fluctuations produce greater variations than the nodal cycle, but the difference in frequency can lead to interference between the two in MHHW. The combination of the two can produce sea-level rises in excess of 1 cm year-1 over several year periods, even in areas having long-term trends of 0.2 cm year-1 or less.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1997.0276","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Stumpf, R.P., and Haines, J.W., 1998, Variations in tidal level in the Gulf of Mexico and implications for tidal wetlands: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 46, no. 2, p. 165-173, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1997.0276.","startPage":"165","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1997.0276"},{"id":230920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc191e4b08c986b32a653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumpf, R. P.","contributorId":30649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haines, J. W.","contributorId":26319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020713,"text":"70020713 - 1998 - Nitrogen and carbon soil dynamics in response to climate change in a high-elevation ecosystem in the Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T16:08:53.583398","indexId":"70020713","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen and carbon soil dynamics in response to climate change in a high-elevation ecosystem in the Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have implemented a long-term snow-fence experiment at the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research (NWT) site in the Colorado Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., to assess the effects of climate change on alpine ecology and biogeochemical cycles. The responses of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in high-elevation mountains to changes in climate are investigated by manipulating the length and duration of snow cover with the 2.6 × 60 m snow fence, providing a proxy for climate change. Results from the first year of operation in 1994 showed that the period of continuous snow cover was increased by 90 d. The deeper and earlier snowpack behind the fence insulated soils from winter air temperatures, resulting in a 9°C increase in annual minimum temperature at the soil surface. The extended period of snow cover resulted in subnivial microbial activity playing a major role in annual C and N cycling. The amount of C mineralized under the snow as measured by CO<sub>2</sub> production was 22 g m<sup>-2</sup> in 1993 and 35 g m<sup>-2</sup> in 1994, accounting for 20% of annual net primary above-ground production before construction of the snow fence in 1993 and 31% after to snow fence was constructed in 1994. In a similar fashion, maximum subnivial N<sub>2</sub>O flux increased 3-fold behind the snow fence, from 75 μg N m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> in 1993 to 250 μg N m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> in 1994. The amount of N lost from denitrification was greater than the annual atmospheric input of N in snowfall. Surface litter decomposition studies show that there was a significant increase in the litter mass loss under deep and early snow, with no significant change under medium and little snow conditions. Changes in climate that result in differences in snow duration, depth, and extent may therefore produce large changes in the C and N soil dynamics of alpine ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2307/1551742","usgsCitation":"Williams, M.W., Brooks, P.D., and Seastedt, T., 1998, Nitrogen and carbon soil dynamics in response to climate change in a high-elevation ecosystem in the Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 30, no. 1, p. 26-30, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551742.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Niwot Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.59733242778591,\n              40.06260050779872\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.59733242778591,\n              40.0358922567398\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.56220148215475,\n              40.0358922567398\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.56220148215475,\n              40.06260050779872\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.59733242778591,\n              40.06260050779872\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66c0e4b0c8380cd72f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Mark W.","contributorId":43046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seastedt, T.","contributorId":90068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seastedt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000791,"text":"1000791 - 1998 - A bioenergetics modeling evaluation of top-down control of ruffe in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T10:10:11","indexId":"1000791","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bioenergetics modeling evaluation of top-down control of ruffe in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i>), were accidentally introduced into the St. Louis River estuary, western Lake Superior, in the mid 1980s and it was feared that they might affect native fish through predation on eggs and competition for forage and habitat.  In an effort to control the abundance of ruffe and limit dispersal, a top-down control strategy using predators was implemented in 1989.  We used bioenergetics modeling to examine the efficacy of top-down control in the St. Louis River from 1991 to 1994.  Five predators--northern pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>), walleye (<i>Stizostedion vitreum vitreum</i>), smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieui</i>), brown bullhead (<i>Ictalurus nebulosus</i>), and yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>)--were modeled to determine their consumption of ruffe and four other native prey species-spottail shiner (<i>Notropis hudsonius</i>), emerald shiner (<i>Notropis atherinoides</i>), yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>), and black crappie (<i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i>). Although predators ate as much as 47% of the ruffe biomass in 1 year, they were not able to halt the increase in ruffe abundance.  The St. Louis River is an open system that allows predators to move freely out of the system, and the biomass of managed predators did not increase.  A selectivity index showed all five predators selected the native prey and avoided ruffe. The St. Louis River has several predator and prey species creating many complex predator-prey interactions; and top-down control of ruffe by the predators examined in this study did not occur.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70824-X","usgsCitation":"Mayo, K.R., Selgeby, J.H., and McDonald, M., 1998, A bioenergetics modeling evaluation of top-down control of ruffe in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 329-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70824-X.","productDescription":"p. 329-342","startPage":"329","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266587,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70824-X"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayo, Kathleen R.","contributorId":101237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Michael E.","contributorId":42178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000645,"text":"1000645 - 1998 - Longevity of Lake Superior lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:44:09","indexId":"1000645","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longevity of Lake Superior lake trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>The age structure of mature lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;from the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior increased following a population recovery that has taken place since the 1960s. As the population aged, it became apparent that scales were unreliable aging structures. Beginning in 1986, we examined both scale and sagittal otolith ages from tagged fish with a known period at liberty. We found large discrepancies in scale and sagittal otolith ages of mature fish, such that scale ages were biased low. We estimated lake trout living up to 42 years, which is greater than previously reported from Lake Superior. Investigators studying lake trout population dynamics in the Great Lakes should be aware that lake trout can live longer than previously thought.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0700:LOLSLT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schram, S.T., and Fabrizio, M.C., 1998, Longevity of Lake Superior lake trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 18, no. 3, p. 700-703, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0700:LOLSLT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"700","endPage":"703","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f02d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schram, Stephen T.","contributorId":59384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schram","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020712,"text":"70020712 - 1998 - Core drilling provides information about Santa Fe Group aquifer system beneath Albuquerque's West Mesa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70020712","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Core drilling provides information about Santa Fe Group aquifer system beneath Albuquerque's West Mesa","docAbstract":"Core samples from the upper ???1500 ft of the Santa Fe Group in the Albuquerque West Mesa area provide a first-hand look at the sediments and at subsurface stratigraphic relationships in this important part of the basin-fill aquifer system. Two major hydrostratigraphic subunits consisting of a lower coarse-grained, sandy interval and an overlying fine-grained, interbedded silty sand and clay interval lie beneath the water table at the 98th St core hole. Borehole electrical conductivity measurements reproduce major textural changes observed in the recovered cores and support subsurface correlations of hydrostratigraphic units in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system based on geophysical logs. Comparison of electrical logs from the core hole and from nearby city wells reveals laterally consistent lithostratigraphic patterns over much of the metropolitan area west of the Rio Grande that may be used to delineate structural and related stratigraphic features that have a direct bearing on the availability of ground water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Mexico Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0196948X","usgsCitation":"Allen, B., Connell, S., Hawley, J., and Stone, B., 1998, Core drilling provides information about Santa Fe Group aquifer system beneath Albuquerque's West Mesa: New Mexico Geology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 8-13.","startPage":"8","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc14e4b0c8380cd4e0f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, B.D.","contributorId":87166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connell, S.D.","contributorId":48345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawley, J.W.","contributorId":51320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, B. D. 0000-0001-6092-0798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":50919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"B. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020709,"text":"70020709 - 1998 - Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020709","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw","docAbstract":"We used eddy covariance; gas-exchange chambers; radiocarbon analysis; wood, moss, and soil inventories; and laboratory incubations to measure the carbon balance of a 120-year-old black spruce forest in Manitoba, Canada. The site lost 0.3 ?? 0.5 metric ton of carbon per hectare per year (ton C ha-1 year-1) from 1994 to 1997, with a gain of 0.6 ?? 0.2 ton C ha-1 year-1 in moss and wood offset by a loss of 0.8 ?? 0.5 ton C ha-1 year-1 from the soil. The soil remained frozen most of the year, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil increased 10-fold upon thawing. The stability of the soil carbon pool (~150 tons C ha-1) appears sensitive to the depth and duration of thaw, and climatic changes that promote thaw are likely to cause a net efflux of carbon dioxide from the site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.279.5348.214","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Goulden, M.L., Wofsy, S., Harden, J., Trumbore, S., Crill, P., Gower, S., Fries, T., Daube, B., Fan, S., Sutton, D., Bazzaz, A., and Munger, J., 1998, Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw: Science, v. 279, no. 5348, p. 214-217, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5348.214.","startPage":"214","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487338,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5k5035gv","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5348.214"},{"id":231467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"279","issue":"5348","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d2be4b08c986b3182ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goulden, M. L.","contributorId":35095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goulden","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wofsy, S.C.","contributorId":44699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wofsy","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trumbore, S.E.","contributorId":57879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbore","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crill, P.M.","contributorId":42723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crill","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gower, S.T.","contributorId":28382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gower","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fries, T.","contributorId":99286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Daube, B.C.","contributorId":100149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daube","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fan, S.-M.","contributorId":100575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"S.-M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sutton, D.J.","contributorId":88908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bazzaz, A.","contributorId":27224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bazzaz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Munger, J.W.","contributorId":105473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munger","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":1000642,"text":"1000642 - 1998 - Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region of ciscoes (genus <i>Coregonus</i>): Taxonomic implications for the Great Lakes species flock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:32:24","indexId":"1000642","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region of ciscoes (genus <i>Coregonus</i>): Taxonomic implications for the Great Lakes species flock","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sequence variation in the control region (D-loop) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was examined to assess the genetic distinctiveness of the shortjaw cisco (</span><i>Coregonus zenithicus</i><span>). Individuals from within the Great Lakes Basin as well as inland lakes outside the basin were sampled. DNA fragments containing the entire D-loop were amplified by PCR from specimens of</span><i>C. zenithicus</i><span>&nbsp;and the related species&nbsp;</span><i>C. artedi</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>C. hoyi</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>C. kiyi</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>C. clupeaformis</i><span>. DNA sequence analysis revealed high similarity within and among species and shared polymorphism for length variants. Based on this analysis, the shortjaw cisco is not genetically distinct from other cisco species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00419.x","usgsCitation":"Reed, K.M., Dorschner, M.O., Todd, T.N., and Phillips, R.B., 1998, Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region of ciscoes (genus <i>Coregonus</i>): Taxonomic implications for the Great Lakes species flock: Molecular Ecology, v. 7, p. 1091-1096, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00419.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1091","endPage":"1096","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Kent M.","contributorId":75094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorschner, Michael O.","contributorId":35676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorschner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Ruth B.","contributorId":9607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020708,"text":"70020708 - 1998 - Detailed scour measurements around a debris accumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020708","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Detailed scour measurements around a debris accumulation","docAbstract":"Detailed scour measurements were made at Farm-Market 2004 over the Brazos River near Lake Jackson, Tex. during flooding in October 1994. Woody debris accumulations on bents 6, 7, and 8 obstructed flow through the bridge, causing scour of the streambed. Measurements at the site included three-dimensional velocities, channel bathymetry, water-surface elevations, water-surface slope, and discharge. Channel geometry upstream from the bridge caused approach conditions to be nonuniform.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 International Water Resources Engineering Conference. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., and Parola, A.C., 1998, Detailed scour measurements around a debris accumulation, <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 1, Memphis, TN, USA, 3 August 1998 through 7 August 1998, p. 234-239.","startPage":"234","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff54e4b0c8380cd4f125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parola, Arthur C.","contributorId":37919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parola","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}