We investigated the effects of prescribed fire, herbicide treatment, and sod removal on the eradication of exotic grasses and the establishment of native plant species in 24 experimental restoration plots in three razed residential sites within the boundary of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. During 1992–1995, herbicide treatment and sod removal decreased the combined cover of Poa pratensis(Kentucky blue grass) and Agropyron repens (quackgrass) significantly (from 82% to 13%, and 85% to 8%, respectively), whereas fire did not suppress such exotic lawn grasses. In 1993, several opportunistic species, represented by Cyperus spp. (umbrella sedges), Digitaria sanguinalis (crab grass), and Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), filled the gaps left by the removal of lawn grasses. For the same period, Detrended Correspondence Analysis revealed a clear vegetation divergence between the control-fire plots and the herbicide-sod removal plots. While Poa pratensis and Agropyron repens continued to dominate the control and fire plots, the planted native species, represented by Schizachyrium scoparium (little blue-stem), Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass), Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan), andMonarda punctata (horsemint), began to dominate in the herbicide and sod removal plots from 1994. In both herbicide and sod removal plots, the ground cover of grasses (68%) was much higher than the forbs (10%). The herbicide plots, where exotic species were removed but nitrogen-rich top soils were not removed, showed a higher diversity of planted native species than the sod removal plots (where both exotic species and top soils were removed) and the control-fire plots (where neither was removed). This finding suggests that an optimum but not excessive concentration of soil nitrogen is needed to support a maximum species diversity in such infertile substrate as sandy soil. In addition, the decrease in potassium in all plots, regardless of treatment, suggests that potassium may become a limiting factor for our restored native vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.1998.06114.x","usgsCitation":"Choi, Y.D., and Pavlovic, N.B., 1998, Experimental restoration of native vegetation in Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore: Restoration Ecology, v. 6, no. 1, p. 118-129, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.1998.06114.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"129","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.1998.06114.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Young D.","contributorId":66211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Young","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020875,"text":"70020875 - 1998 - Deducing growth mechanisms for minerals from the shapes of crystal size distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T16:37:37.838655","indexId":"70020875","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deducing growth mechanisms for minerals from the shapes of crystal size distributions","docAbstract":"Crystal size distributions (CSDs) of natural and synthetic samples are observed to have several distinct and different shapes. We have simulated these CSDs using three simple equations: the Law of Proportionate Effect (LPE), a mass balance equation, and equations for Ostwald ripening. The following crystal growth mechanisms are simulated using these equations and their modifications: (1) continuous nucleation and growth in an open system, during which crystals nucleate at either a constant, decaying, or accelerating nucleation rate, and then grow according to the LPE; (2) surface-controlled growth in an open system, during which crystals grow with an essentially unlimited supply of nutrients according to the LPE; (3) supply-controlled growth in an open system, during which crystals grow with a specified, limited supply of nutrients according to the LPE; (4) supply- or surface-controlled Ostwald ripening in a closed system, during which the relative rate of crystal dissolution and growth is controlled by differences in specific surface area and by diffusion rate; and (5) supply-controlled random ripening in a closed system, during which the rate of crystal dissolution and growth is random with respect to specific surface area. Each of these mechanisms affects the shapes of CSDs. For example, mechanism (1) above with a constant nucleation rate yields asymptotically-shaped CSDs for which the variance of the natural logarithms of the crystal sizes (??2) increases exponentially with the mean of the natural logarithms of the sizes (??). Mechanism (2) yields lognormally-shaped CSDs, for which ??2 increases linearly with ??, whereas mechanisms (3) and (5) do not change the shapes of CSDs, with ??2 remaining constant with increasing ??. During supply-controlled Ostwald ripening (4), initial lognormally-shaped CSDs become more symmetric, with ??2 decreasing with increasing ??. Thus, crystal growth mechanisms often can be deduced by noting trends in ?? versus ??2 of CSDs for a series of related samples.","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.298.6.499","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., Drits, V., and Srodon, J., 1998, Deducing growth mechanisms for minerals from the shapes of crystal size distributions: American Journal of Science, v. 298, no. 6, p. 499-533, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.6.499.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.6.499","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe19e4b0c8380cd4eb0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drits, V. A.","contributorId":41511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drits","given":"V. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Srodon, J.","contributorId":67583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srodon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020874,"text":"70020874 - 1998 - Comparison of streambed sediment and aquatic biota as media for characterizing trace elements and organochlorine compounds in the Willamette Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T15:36:59","indexId":"70020874","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of streambed sediment and aquatic biota as media for characterizing trace elements and organochlorine compounds in the Willamette Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"During 1992-93, 27 organochlorine compounds (pesticides plus total PCB) and 17 trace elements were analyzed in bed sediment and aquatic biota from 20 stream sites in the Willamette Basin as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Data from each medium were compared to evaluate their relative effectiveness for assessing occurrence (broadly defined as documentation of important concentrations) of these constituents. Except for Cd, Hg, Se, and Ag, trace element concentrations generally were higher in bed sediment than in biota. Conversely, although frequencies of detection for organochlorine compounds in biota were only slightly greater than in bed sediment, actual concentrations in biota (normalized to lipid) were as much as 19 times those in sediment (normalized to organic carbon). Sculpin (Cottus spp.) and Asiatic clams (Corbicula fluminea), found at 14 and 7 sites, respectively, were the most widespread taxa collected during the study. Concentrations of trace elements, particularly As and Cu, were typically greater in Asiatic clams than in sculpin. In contrast, almost half of the organochlorine compounds analyzed were found in sculpin, but only DDT and its degradation products were detected in Asiatic clams; this may be related to the lipid content of sculpin, which was about three times higher than for clams. Thus, the medium of choice for assessing occurrence depends largely on the constituent(s) of interest.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1005827902500","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Wentz, D., Waite, I., and Rinella, F.A., 1998, Comparison of streambed sediment and aquatic biota as media for characterizing trace elements and organochlorine compounds in the Willamette Basin, Oregon: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 51, no. 3, p. 673-693, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005827902500.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"693","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206462,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005827902500"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f892e4b0c8380cd4d1bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentz, D.A.","contributorId":85206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, I.R.","contributorId":41039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rinella, F. A.","contributorId":89120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020873,"text":"70020873 - 1998 - Evidence from Lake Baikal for Siberian glaciation during oxygen-isotope substage 5d","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:45:35","indexId":"70020873","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from Lake Baikal for Siberian glaciation during oxygen-isotope substage 5d","docAbstract":"The paleoclimatic record from bottom sediments of Lake Baikal (eastern Siberia) reveals new evidence for an abrupt and intense glaciation during the initial part of the last interglacial period (isotope substage 5d). This glaciation lasted about 12 000 yr from 117 000 to 105 000 yr BP according to correlation with the SPEC-MAP isotope chronology. Lithological and biogeochemical evidence of glaciation from Lake Baikal agrees with evidence for the advance of ice sheet in northwestern Siberia during this time period and also with cryogenic features within the strata of Kazantzevo soils in Southern Siberia. The severe 5d glaciation in Siberia was caused by dramatic cooling due to the decrease in solar insolation (as predicted by the model of insulation changes for northern Asia according to Milankovich theory) coupled with western atmospheric transport of moisture from the opea areas of Northern Atlantic and Arctic seas (which became ice-free due to the intense warming during preceeding isotope substage 5e). Other marine and continental records show evidence for cooling during 5d, but not for intense glaciation. Late Pleistocene glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere may have begun in northwestern Siberia.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1006/qres.1998.1980","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Karabanov, E., Prokopenko, A., Williams, D.F., and Colman, S.M., 1998, Evidence from Lake Baikal for Siberian glaciation during oxygen-isotope substage 5d: Quaternary Research, v. 50, no. 1, p. 46-55, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1980.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 103.53515625,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n 105.9521484375,\n 51.45400691005982\n ],\n [\n 109.16015624999999,\n 52.96187505907603\n ],\n [\n 110.56640625,\n 55.55349545845371\n ],\n [\n 110.12695312499999,\n 56.24334992410525\n ],\n [\n 108.9404296875,\n 56.17002298293205\n ],\n [\n 107.9296875,\n 54.59752785211386\n ],\n [\n 105.8203125,\n 52.77618568896171\n ],\n [\n 103.271484375,\n 51.56341232867588\n ],\n [\n 103.53515625,\n 51.39920565355378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d59e4b0c8380cd52f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karabanov, E.B.","contributorId":37084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karabanov","given":"E.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prokopenko, A.A.","contributorId":50309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prokopenko","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D. F.","contributorId":51928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020872,"text":"70020872 - 1998 - A hybrid optimization approach to the estimation of distributed parameters in two-dimensional confined aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T11:28:54.58806","indexId":"70020872","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hybrid optimization approach to the estimation of distributed parameters in two-dimensional confined aquifers","docAbstract":"ABSTRACT: In using non-linear optimization techniques for estimation of parameters in a distributed ground water model, the initial values of the parameters and prior information about them play important roles. In this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) is combined with the truncated-Newton search technique to estimate groundwater parameters for a confined steady-state ground water model. Use of prior information about the parameters is shown to be important in estimating correct or near-correct values of parameters on a regional scale. The amount of prior information needed for an accurate solution is estimated by evaluation of the sensitivity of the performance function to the parameters. For the example presented here, it is experimentally demonstrated that only one piece of prior information of the least sensitive parameter is sufficient to arrive at the global or near-global optimum solution. For hydraulic head data with measurement errors, the error in the estimation of parameters increases as the standard deviation of the errors increases. Results from our experiments show that, in general, the accuracy of the estimated parameters depends on the level of noise in the hydraulic head data and the initial values used in the truncated-Newton search technique.
A multiyear tag and recapture study was conducted to determine whether channel catfishIctalurus punctatus were migratory and if they had strong homing tendencies. Over 10,000 channel catfish were tagged from the lower Wisconsin River and adjacent waters of the upper Mississippi River during the 3-year sampling period. Data on movements were obtained from study recaptures and through tag returns and harvest information provided by sport anglers and commercial fishers. Channel catfish occupied relatively small home ranges during summer, migrated downstream to the upper Mississippi River in autumn, then migrated back up the Wisconsin River in spring to spawn and to occupy the same summer home sites they had used in previous summers. Fish size was a factor in the degree of fidelity to summer home sites, with larger fish showing greater fidelity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0085:SMAHOC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pellett, T.D., Van Dyck, G.J., and Adams, J.V., 1998, Seasonal migration and homing of channel catfish in the lower Wisconsin River, Wisconsin: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 18, no. 1, p. 85-95, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0085:SMAHOC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellett, Thomas D.","contributorId":15969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellett","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Dyck, Gene J.","contributorId":103620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Dyck","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020870,"text":"70020870 - 1998 - Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T10:28:42","indexId":"70020870","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake","docAbstract":"The sites and rates of methyl mercury (MeHg) production and transport in littoral zone sediments were investigated at Pallette Lake in northern Wisconsin. In littoral areas where groundwater inflow occurs, sulfate supply from groundwater creates profiles of electron acceptors (sulfate) and donors (methane, sulfide) that are reversed from those found in sediments whose sulfate supply is delivered from overlying water. The highest MeHg concentrations in porewaters and the maximal advective MeHg flux rates (4.5-61.7 ng ·m-2 ·day-1) were observed in the spring, while highest bulk phase concentrations occur later in the summer. These estimated MeHg fluxes are greater than the mean areal production rates estimated previously for the water column and are similar to the atmospheric flux. Gross MeHg production was measured using the addition of 203Hg as a tracer to sediments. The depth at which maximal 203Hg methylation occurred coincided with the observed maximums in solid-phase and porewater MeHg concentrations. Because input, advection, and accumulation of MeHg in these sediments were measured directly, an independent estimate of MeHg production could be made and compared with 203Hg-derived rates. This comparison suggests that that the 203Hg tracer method provides reasonable estimates of gross methylation rates and that a substantial fraction of solid-phase Hg is available for methylation
","language":"English","publisher":"CSP","doi":"10.1139/f97-304","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D., Gilmour, C., Benoit, J., Babiarz, C., Andren, A., and Hurley, J., 1998, Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 4, p. 835-844, https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-304.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"844","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5611e4b0c8380cd6d339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.C.","contributorId":63558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benoit, J.M.","contributorId":102648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Babiarz, Christopher L.","contributorId":101822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babiarz","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andren, A.W.","contributorId":49121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andren","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020868,"text":"70020868 - 1998 - Comparative sequence stratigraphy of low-latitude versus high-latitude lacustrine rift basins: Seismic data examples from the East African and Baikal rifts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:10:36","indexId":"70020868","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparative sequence stratigraphy of low-latitude versus high-latitude lacustrine rift basins: Seismic data examples from the East African and Baikal rifts","docAbstract":"Lakes Baikal, Malawi and Tanganyika are the world's three largest rift valley lakes and are the classic modem examples of lacustrine rift basins. All the rift lakes are segmented into half-graben basins, and seismic reflection datasets reveal how this segmentation controls the filling of the rift basins through time. In the early stages of rifting, basins are fed primarily by flexural margin and axial margin drainage systems. At the climax of syn-rift sedimentation, however, when the basins are deeply subsided, almost all the margins are walled off by rift shoulder uplifts, and sediment flux into the basins is concentrated at accommodation zone and axial margin river deltas. Flexural margin unconformities are commonplace in the tropical lakes but less so in high-latitude Lake Baikal. Lake levels are extremely dynamic in the tropical lakes and in low-latitude systems in general because of the predominance of evaporation in the hydrologic cycle in those systems. Evaporation is minimized in relation to inflow in the high-latitude Lake Baikal and in most high-latitude systems, and consequently, major sequence boundaries tend to be tectonically controlled in that type of system. The acoustic stratigraphies of the tropical lakes are dominated by high-frequency and high-amplitude lake level shifts, whereas in high-latitude Lake Baikal, stratigraphic cycles are dominated by tectonism and sediment-supply variations.","largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00022-4","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Scholz, C., Moore, T., Hutchinson, D.R., Golmshtok, A., Klitgord, K.D., and Kurotchkin, A., 1998, Comparative sequence stratigraphy of low-latitude versus high-latitude lacustrine rift basins: Seismic data examples from the East African and Baikal rifts, in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 140, no. 1-4, p. 401-420, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00022-4.","startPage":"401","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487414,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(98)00022-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206420,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00022-4"}],"volume":"140","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f827e4b0c8380cd4ceef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholz, C.A.","contributorId":76810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholz","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, T.C. Jr.","contributorId":83692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golmshtok, A. Ja","contributorId":91268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golmshtok","given":"A. Ja","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kurotchkin, A.G.","contributorId":17394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurotchkin","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020932,"text":"70020932 - 1998 - Uptake of arsenic and metals by tadpoles at an historically contaminated Texas site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T17:56:47","indexId":"70020932","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake of arsenic and metals by tadpoles at an historically contaminated Texas site","docAbstract":"On 14 May 1994, tadpoles were collected from Lateral Pond and Municipal Lake in Bryan, Texas. These waters are immediately downstream from Finfeather Lake which was directly contaminated during 53 years of industrial production of arsenic (As)-based cotton defoliants. The tadpoles contained elevated levels of arsenic, chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn). As far as it is known, the mean concentrations of As (6.87 p.p.m. wet weight) and Cr (6.91 p.p.m. wet weight) in cricket frog (Acris crepitans) tadpoles were the highest ever reported in tadpoles. The Zn in the tadpoles exceeded the levels found in sediments by six to 11 times. The concentrations of As, Cr and Zn in Finfeather Lake in 1994 may have been toxic because tadpoles could not be found there. Ranid tadpoles and a newly transformed ranid frog found dead in Lateral Pond and Municipal Lake in 1994 may indicate that the elements reached toxic levels in some individual amphibians. The concentrations of As, Cr and Zn found in the tadpoles in this study might be toxic to predators. Mortality of turtles showing symptoms linked to chronic exposure to As was reported in Finfeather Lake in 1973. Turtles were not reported in Finfeather Lake again until 1996. Observations at Municipal Lake in 1994-1996 showed abundant tadpoles and turtles but no snakes, which also have not been seen at Finfeather Lake. This absence of snakes may indicate that their sensitivity or exposure to the existing contaminants is greater than that of frogs and turtles.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1023/A:1008819132474","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Cantu, R., Cowman, D., and Maxson, D., 1998, Uptake of arsenic and metals by tadpoles at an historically contaminated Texas site: Ecotoxicology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 61-67, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008819132474.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd74e4b08c986b329037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cantu, R.","contributorId":73768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowman, D.F.","contributorId":55598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowman","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxson, D.J.","contributorId":10577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020866,"text":"70020866 - 1998 - A table of polyatomic interferences in ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T17:52:41.214195","indexId":"70020866","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":932,"text":"Atomic Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A table of polyatomic interferences in ICP-MS","docAbstract":"Spectroscopic interferences are probably the largest class of interferences in ICP-MS and are caused by atomic or molecular ions that have the same mass-to-charge as analytes of interest. Current ICP-MS instrumental software corrects for all known atomic “isobaric” interferences, or those caused by overlapping isotopes of different elements, but does not correct for most polyatomic interferences. Such interferences are caused by polyatomic ions that are formed from precursors having numerous sources, such as the sample matrix, reagents used for preparation, plasma gases, and entrained atmospheric gases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Atomic Spectroscopy Press","doi":"10.46770/AS.1998.05.002","usgsCitation":"May, T.W., and Wiedmeyer, R., 1998, A table of polyatomic interferences in ICP-MS: Atomic Spectroscopy, v. 19, no. 5, p. 150-155, https://doi.org/10.46770/AS.1998.05.002.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413708,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.at-spectrosc.com/as/article/abstract/199805002?st=article_issue","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":229643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e30fe4b0c8380cd45dd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiedmeyer, Ray H.","contributorId":20096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiedmeyer","given":"Ray H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021103,"text":"70021103 - 1998 - Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural identification of pituitary cell types in the protogynous Thalassoma duperrey during adult sexual ontogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021103","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3811,"text":"Zoological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural identification of pituitary cell types in the protogynous Thalassoma duperrey during adult sexual ontogeny","docAbstract":"Protogynous wrasses (Thalassoma duperrey): females (F), primary males (PM) along with a few terminal-phase males (TM) and sex-changed males (SM), were used to characterize the topographical organization of the pituitary. In general, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of the adenohypophyseal cell types of the saddleback wrasse pituitary resemble those of other teleosts. In the rostral pars distalis (RPD), corticotropic cells were found bordering the neurohypophysis (NH) and surrounding the centroventrally located prolactin cells. Thyrotropic cells formed a small group in the anteriodorsal part of the rostral and proximal pars distalis (PPD). The somatotropic cells were distributed in large clusters, mostly organized in cell cords around the interdigitations of the NH of the dorsal PPD. Cells containing gonadotropin I?? subunit were localized in the dorsal parts of the PPD, in close association with somatotropic cells and gonadotropin II?? subunit containing cells were seen in the centroventral parts of the PPD and along the periphery of the pars intermedia (PI). The pars intermedia was composed of melanotropic cells and somatolactin cells that lined the neurohypohysis. Distinct ultrastructural differences in corticotropic and somatotropic cells were not observed between the four groups. In all groups, prolactin cells in the ventral-most RPD could be immature cells or actively secreting prolactin. Gonadotropic II cells of PM and F had relatively higher incidence of \"nuclear budding\" and cell organelles compared to TM and SM. Besides gonadotropic, the active melanotropic and somatolactin cells might be associated with some aspect(s) of reproduction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02890003","usgsCitation":"Parhar, I., Nagahama, Y., Grau, E., and Ross, R.M., 1998, Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural identification of pituitary cell types in the protogynous Thalassoma duperrey during adult sexual ontogeny: Zoological Science, v. 15, no. 2, p. 263-276.","startPage":"263","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a389ce4b0c8380cd61625","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parhar, I.S.","contributorId":75104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parhar","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagahama, Y.","contributorId":10382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagahama","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grau, E.G.","contributorId":9213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grau","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020865,"text":"70020865 - 1998 - Fuel models and fire potential from satellite and surface observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T17:57:22.64617","indexId":"70020865","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fuel models and fire potential from satellite and surface observations","docAbstract":"A national 1-km resolution fire danger fuel model map was derived through use of previously mapped land cover classes and ecoregions, and extensive ground sample data, then refined through review by fire managers familiar with various portions of the U.S. The fuel model map will be used in the next generation fire danger rating system for the U.S., but it also made possible immediate development of a satellite and ground based fire potential index map. The inputs and algorithm of the fire potential index are presented, along with a case study of the correlation between the fire potential index and fire occurrence in California and Nevada. Application of the fire potential index in the Mediterranean ecosystems of Spain, Chile, and Mexico will be tested.","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WF9980159","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Burgan, R., Klaver, R., and Klaver, J., 1998, Fuel models and fire potential from satellite and surface observations: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 8, no. 3, p. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF9980159.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140ae4b0c8380cd5489c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burgan, R.E.","contributorId":9999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgan","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, R. W. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":50267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, J.M.","contributorId":207639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klaver","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37574,"text":"EMR group, Aachen University, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020531,"text":"70020531 - 1998 - An improved technique for modeling initial reservoir hydrocarbon saturation distributions: Applications in Illinois (USA) aux vases oil reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020531","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2419,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved technique for modeling initial reservoir hydrocarbon saturation distributions: Applications in Illinois (USA) aux vases oil reservoirs","docAbstract":"An improved technique for modeling the initial reservoir hydrocarbon saturation distributions is presented. In contrast to the Leverett J-function approach, this methodology (hereby termed flow-unit-derived initial oil saturation or FUSOI) determines the distributions of the initial oil saturations from a measure of the mean hydraulic radius, referred to as the flow zone indicator (FZI). FZI is derived from porosity and permeability data. In the FUSOI approach, capillary pressure parameters, S(wir), P(d), and ??, derived from the Brooks and Corey (1966) model [Brooks, R.H., Corey, A.T., 1966. Hydraulic properties of porous media, Hydrology Papers, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, No. 3, March.], are correlated to the FZI. Subsequent applications of these parameters then permit the computation of improved hydrocarbon saturations as functions of FZI and height above the free water level (FWL). This technique has been successfully applied in the Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone reservoirs of the Illinois Basin (USA). The Aux Vases Zeigler field (Franklin County, IL, USA) was selected for a field-wide validation of this FUSOI approach because of the availability of published studies. With the initial oil saturations determined on a depth-by-depth basis in cored wells, it was possible to geostatistically determine the three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of initial oil saturations in the Zeigler field. The original oil-in-place (OOIP), computed from the detailed initialization of the 3-D reservoir simulation model of the Zeigler field, was found to be within 5.6% of the result from a rigorous material balance method.An improved technique for modeling the initial reservoir hydrocarbon saturation distributions is presented. In contrast to the Leverett J-function approach, this methodology (hereby termed flow-unit-derived initial oil saturation or FUSOI) determines the distributions of the initial oil saturations from a measure of the mean hydraulic radius, referred to as the flow zone indicator (FZI). FZI is derived from porosity and permeability data. In the FUSOI approach, capillary pressure parameters, Swir, Pd, and ??, derived from the Brooks and Corey (1966) model, are correlated to the FZI. Subsequent applications of these parameters then permit the computation of improved hydrocarbon saturations as functions of FZI and height above the free water level (FWL). This technique has been successfully applied in the Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone reservoirs of the Illinois Basin (USA). The Aux Vases Zeigler field (Franklin County, IL, USA) was selected for a field-wide validation of this FUSOI approach because of the availability of published studies. With the initial oil saturations determined on a depth-by-depth basis in cored wells, it was possible to geostatistically determine the three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of initial oil saturations in the Zeigler field. The original oil-in-place (OOIP), computed from the detailed initialization of the 3-D reservoir simulation model of the Zeigler field, was found to be within 5.6% of the result from a rigorous material balance method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0920-4105(98)00075-8","issn":"09204105","usgsCitation":"Udegbunam, E., and Amaefule, J., 1998, An improved technique for modeling initial reservoir hydrocarbon saturation distributions: Applications in Illinois (USA) aux vases oil reservoirs: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 21, no. 3-4, p. 143-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-4105(98)00075-8.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-4105(98)00075-8"},{"id":231493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea73e4b0c8380cd48884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udegbunam, E.","contributorId":98072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udegbunam","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amaefule, J.O.","contributorId":60407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaefule","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021100,"text":"70021100 - 1998 - Microbial mineralization of VC and DCE under different terminal electron accepting conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T09:54:33","indexId":"70021100","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":757,"text":"Anaerobe","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial mineralization of VC and DCE under different terminal electron accepting conditions","docAbstract":"Production of 14CO2 from [1,2-14C] dichloroethene (DCE) or [1,2-14C] vinyl chloride (VC) was quantified in aquifer and stream-bed sediment microcosms to evaluate the potential for microbial mineralization as a pathway for DCE and VC biodegradation under aerobic, Fe(III)-reducing, SO4-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Mineralization of [1,2-14C] DCE and [1,2-14C] VC to 14CO2 decreased under increasingly reducing conditions, but significant mineralization was observed for both sediments even under anaerobic conditions. VC mineralization decreased in the order of aerobic > Fe(III)-reducing > SO4-reducing > methanogenic conditions. For both sediments, VC mineralization was greater than DCE mineralization under all electron-accepting conditions examined. For both sediments, DCE mineralization was at least two times greater under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. Although significant microbial mineralization of DCE was observed under anaerobic conditions, recovery of 14CO2 did not differ substantially between anaerobic treatments.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anae.1998.0150","issn":"10759964","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1998, Microbial mineralization of VC and DCE under different terminal electron accepting conditions: Anaerobe, v. 4, no. 2, p. 81-87, https://doi.org/10.1006/anae.1998.0150.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anae.1998.0150"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5653e4b0c8380cd6d4ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021084,"text":"70021084 - 1998 - Anorogenic nature of magmatism in the Northern Baikal volcanic belt: Evidence from geochemical, geochronological (U-Pb), and isotopic (Pb, Nd) data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T21:47:27","indexId":"70021084","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3043,"text":"Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anorogenic nature of magmatism in the Northern Baikal volcanic belt: Evidence from geochemical, geochronological (U-Pb), and isotopic (Pb, Nd) data","docAbstract":"The Northern Baikal volcanic belt has an age of 1.82-1.87 Ga and extends along the boundary between the Siberian Platform and the Baikal foldbelt. The volcanic belt is composed of volcanics of the Akitkan Group and granitic rocks of the Irel and Primorsk complexes. The geochemistry of the rocks points to the intraplate anorogenic nature of the belt. U-Pb zircon dating of the Chuya granitoids revealed that they are older (2020-2060 Ma) than the Northern Baikal volcanic belt and, thus, cannot be regarded as its component. Data on the Pb isotopic system of feldspars from the granitoids confirm the contemporaneity of all volcanic rocks of the belt except the volcanics of the upper portion of the Akitkan Group (Chaya Formation). Our data suggest its possibly younger (???1.3 Ga) age. The isotopic Nd and Pb compositions of the acid volcanic rocks provide evidence of the heterogeneity of their crustal protoliths. The volcanics of the Malaya Kosa Formation have ??Nd(T) = -6.1, ??2 = 9.36, and were most probably produced with the participation of the U-depleted lower continental crust of Archean age. Other rocks of the complex show ??Nd(T) from -0.1 to -2.4, ??2 = 9.78, and could have been formed by the recycling of the juvenile crust. The depletion of the Malaya Kosa volcanics in most LILEs and HFSEs compared with other acid igneous rocks of the belt possibly reflects compositional differences between the Late Archean and Early Proterozoic crustal sources. The basaltic rocks of the Malaya Kosa Formation (??Nd varies from -4.6 to -5.4) were produced by either the melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle or the contamination of derivatives of the depleted mantle by Early Archean lower crustal rocks, which are not exposed within the area. Copyright ?? 1998 by MAEe Cyrillic signK Hay??a/Interperiodica Publishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08695911","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., Larin, A., Nemchin, A., Ovchinnikova, G., and Rytsk, E.Y., 1998, Anorogenic nature of magmatism in the Northern Baikal volcanic belt: Evidence from geochemical, geochronological (U-Pb), and isotopic (Pb, Nd) data: Petrology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 124-148.","startPage":"124","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4de4b0c8380cd491ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larin, A.M.","contributorId":59965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larin","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nemchin, A.A.","contributorId":10175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemchin","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ovchinnikova, G.V.","contributorId":74898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ovchinnikova","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rytsk, E. Yu","contributorId":10574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytsk","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Yu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021082,"text":"70021082 - 1998 - A decision support model to assess vulnerability to salt water intrusion in the great bend prairie aquifer of Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T11:54:38.695071","indexId":"70021082","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decision support model to assess vulnerability to salt water intrusion in the great bend prairie aquifer of Kansas","docAbstract":"A relatively simple ground water decision support system (DSS) was developed to assist in identifying salt-water vulnerable areas and in developing management policies to prevent salt-water intrusion in central Kansas. The DSS is based on a combination of numerical modeling sensitivity analyses, multiple regression analyses, and classification procedures derived from our knowledge of the area. Six ground water salinity models are proposed to evaluate irrigation well permit applications. The choice of model depends on the availability of site-specific data. The DSS takes advantage of GIS database management procedures, and is applied to an actual salt-water intrusion problem site in south-central Kansas. This approach can help local ground water management districts make better decisions on protecting ground water use in salt water vulnerable areas.
Experiments with the Rocky 7 rover were performed in the Mojave Desert to better understand how to conduct rover-based, long-distance (kilometers) geological traverses on Mars. The rover was equipped with stereo imaging systems for remote sensing science and hazard avoidance and 57Fe Mössbauer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers for in situ determination of mineralogy of unprepared rock and soil surfaces. Laboratory data were also obtained using the spectrometers and an X ray diffraction (XRD)/XRF instrument for unprepared samples collected from the rover sites. Simulated orbital and descent image data assembled for the test sites were found to be critical for assessing the geologic setting, formulating hypotheses to be tested with rover observations, planning traverses, locating the rover, and providing a regional context for interpretation of rover-based observations. Analyses of remote sensing and in situ observations acquired by the rover confirmed inferences made from orbital and simulated descent images that the Sunshine Volcanic Field is composed of basalt flows. Rover data confirmed the idea that Lavic Lake is a recharge playa and that an alluvial fan composed of sediments with felsic compositions has prograded onto the playa. Rover-based discoveries include the inference that the basalt flows are mantled with aeolian sediment and covered with a dense pavement of varnished basalt cobbles. Results demonstrate that the combination of rover remote sensing and in situ analytical observations will significantly increase our understanding of Mars and provide key connecting links between orbital and descent data and analyses of returned samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JE01768","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Arvidson, R., Acton, C., Blaney, D., Bowman, J., Kim, S., Klingelhofer, G., Marshall, J., Niebur, C., Plescia, J., Saunders, R., and Ulmer, C., 1998, Rocky 7 prototype Mars rover field geology experiments: 1. Lavic Lake and Sunshine volcanic field, California: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 103, no. E10, p. 22671-22688, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01768.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"22671","endPage":"22688","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479797,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je01768","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"E10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae1ce4b0c8380cd8701c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acton, C.","contributorId":24521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acton","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blaney, D.","contributorId":72513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaney","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowman, J.","contributorId":58046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kim, S.","contributorId":53120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klingelhofer, G.","contributorId":57195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhofer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marshall, J.","contributorId":45243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Niebur, C.","contributorId":51050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niebur","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Plescia, J.","contributorId":20500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Saunders, R.S.","contributorId":14437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ulmer, C.T.","contributorId":7035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmer","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70020536,"text":"70020536 - 1998 - How organisms do the right thing: The attractor hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T08:55:10","indexId":"70020536","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1206,"text":"Chaos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How organisms do the right thing: The attractor hypothesis","docAbstract":"Neo-Darwinian theory is highly successful at explaining the emergence of adaptive traits over successive generations. However, there are reasons to doubt its efficacy in explaining the observed, impressively detailed adaptive responses of organisms to day-to-day changes in their surroundings. Also, the theory lacks a clear mechanism to account for both plasticity and canalization. In effect, there is a growing sentiment that the neo-Darwinian paradigm is incomplete, that something more than genetic structure, mutation, genetic drift, and the action of natural selection is required to explain organismal behavior. In this paper we extend the view of organisms as complex self-organizing entities by arguing that basic physical laws, coupled with the acquisitive nature of organisms, makes adaptation all but tautological. That is, much adaptation is an unavoidable emergent property of organisms' complexity and, to some a significant degree, occurs quite independently of genomic changes wrought by natural selection. For reasons that will become obvious, we refer to this assertion as the attractor hypothesis. The arguments also clarify the concept of \"adaptation.\" Adaptation across generations, by natural selection, equates to the (game theoretic) maximization of fitness (the success with which one individual produces more individuals), while self-organizing based adaptation, within generations, equates to energetic efficiency and the matching of intake and biosynthesis to need. Finally, we discuss implications of the attractor hypothesis for a wide variety of genetical and physiological phenomena, including genetic architecture, directed mutation, genetic imprinting, paramutation, hormesis, plasticity, optimality theory, genotype-phenotype linkage and puncuated equilibrium, and present suggestions for tests of the hypothesis. ?? 1998 American Institute of Physics.","language":"English","publisher":"AIP Publishing","doi":"10.1063/1.166355","issn":"10541500","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J., Freeman, D., Mills, A., and Graham, J., 1998, How organisms do the right thing: The attractor hypothesis: Chaos, v. 8, no. 3, p. 717-726, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.166355.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"726","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265845,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166355"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3253e4b0c8380cd5e700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, A.","contributorId":33085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, J.H.","contributorId":77322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020539,"text":"70020539 - 1998 - Biomarker generation from Type II-S kerogens in claystone and limestone during hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70020539","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biomarker generation from Type II-S kerogens in claystone and limestone during hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis","docAbstract":"A claystone and a limestone containing immature Type II-S kerogen were thermally matured in the presence and absence of water, to study the influence of water and clay minerals on the generation of biomarkers. In contrast to hydrous pyrolysis, anhydrous pyrolysis of the claystone did not generate biomarkers, which resulted in the loss of important information. Desulfurization of the polar fraction of the claystone showed that anhydrous pyrolysis is not capable of converting S-bound biomarkers to free biomarkers. For the limestone, the differences between hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis are less dramatic. Adsorption of the polar fraction of the claystone to smectite interlayers probably leads to cross-linking reactions, preventing the generation of free biomarkers. During hydrous pyrolysis, the smectite interlayers are occupied by water so that generation of biomarkers can take place. In addition, cross-linking reactions during anhydrous pyrolysis of the claystone may be enhanced because of the presence of S-S bonds in the organic matter of the claystone. These results show that water is important in closed system laboratory experiments designed to simulate natural maturation of sedimentary organic matter.A claystone and a limestone containing immature Type II-S kerogen were thermally matured in the presence and absence of water, to study the influence of water and clay minerals on the generation of biomarkers. In contrast to hydrous pyrolysis, anhydrous pyrolysis of the claystone did not generate biomarkers, which resulted in the loss of important information. Desulfurization of the polar fraction of the claystone showed that anhydrous pyrolysis is not capable of converting S-bound biomarkers to free biomarkers. For the limestone, the differences between hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis are less dramatic. Adsorption of the polar fraction of the claystone to smectite interlayers probably leads to cross-linking reactions, preventing the generation of free biomarkers. During hydrous pyrolysis, the smectite interlayers are occupied by water so that generation of biomarkers can take place. In addition, crosslinking reactions during anhydrous pyrolysis of the claystone may be enhanced because of the presence of S-S bonds in the organic matter of the claystone. These results show that water is important in closed system laboratory experiments designed to simulate natural maturation of sedimentary organic matter.","largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 18th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"22 September 1997 through 26 September 1997","conferenceLocation":"Maastricht, Neth","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00187-9","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Koopmans, M., Carson, F., Sinninghe, D.J., and Lewan, M.D., 1998, Biomarker generation from Type II-S kerogens in claystone and limestone during hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis, in Organic Geochemistry, v. 29, no. 5-7 -7 pt 2, Maastricht, Neth, 22 September 1997 through 26 September 1997, p. 1395-1402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00187-9.","startPage":"1395","endPage":"1402","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206869,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00187-9"},{"id":231028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5-7 -7 pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f188e4b0c8380cd4aca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koopmans, M.P.","contributorId":38298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carson, F.C.","contributorId":96446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carson","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sinninghe, Damste J.S.","contributorId":35484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinninghe","given":"Damste","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020542,"text":"70020542 - 1998 - Carbon isotopic comparisons of oil products used in the developmental history of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020542","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotopic comparisons of oil products used in the developmental history of Alaska","docAbstract":"Studies of the fate of oil released into Prince William Sound, AK, as a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, have led to an unexpected discovery. In addition to oil-like residues attributed to the spill, the ubiquitous presence of flattened tar balls, the carbon isotopic compositions of which fall within a surprisingly narrow range [??13C(PDB) = -23.7 ?? 0.3??? (n = 65)], were observed on the shorelines of the northern and western parts of the sound. These compositions are similar to those of some oil products [-23.7 ?? 0.7??? (n = 35)] that were shipped from California and used in Alaska for fuel, lubrication, construction, and paving before ~ 1970. These products include fuel oil, asphalt, and lubricants [-23.8 ?? 0.5??? (n = 11)], caulking, sealants, and roofing tar [-23.7 ?? 0.7??? (n = 16)], and road pavements and airport runways [-23.5 ?? 0.9??? (n = 8)]. Fuel oil and asphalt [-23.5 ?? 0.1??? (n = 3)], stored at the old Valdez town site and spilled during the 1964 Alaskan earthquake, appear to be the source of most of the beached tar balls. Oil products with lighter carbon isotopic compositions, between -25 and -30??? (n = 18), appear to have been used more recently in Alaska, that is, after ~ 1970. The source of some of the products used for modern pavement and runways [-29.3 ?? 0.2??? (n = 6)] is likely Alaskan North Slope crude oil, an example of which was spilled in the 1989 oil spill [-29.2??? (n = 1)].","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00097-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., Carlson, P., Warden, A., and Threlkeld, C.N., 1998, Carbon isotopic comparisons of oil products used in the developmental history of Alaska: Chemical Geology, v. 152, no. 1-2, p. 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00097-7.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00097-7"},{"id":231066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f367e4b0c8380cd4b7b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warden, A.","contributorId":41946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Threlkeld, C. N.","contributorId":80271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Threlkeld","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020543,"text":"70020543 - 1998 - Estimation of Mars radar backscatter from measured surface rock populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T15:37:48.501802","indexId":"70020543","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of Mars radar backscatter from measured surface rock populations","docAbstract":"Reanalysis of rock population data at the Mars Viking Lander sites has yielded updated values of rock fractional surface coverage (about 0.16 at both sites, including outcrops) and new estimates of rock burial depths and axial ratios. These data are combined with a finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical scattering model to estimate diffuse backscatter due to rocks at both the Lander 1 (VL1) and Lander 2 (VL2) sites. We consider single scattering from both surface and subsurface objects of various shapes, ranging from an ideal sphere to an accurate digitized model of a terrestrial rock. The FDTD cross-section calculations explicitly account for the size, shape, composition, orientation, and burial state of the scattering object, the incident wave angle and polarization, and the composition of the surface. We calculate depolarized specific cross sections at 12.6 cm wavelength due to lossless rock-like scatterers of about 0.014 at VL1 and 0.023 at VL2, which are comparable to the measured ranges of 0.019–0.032 and 0.012–0.018, respectively. We also discuss the variation of the diffuse cross section as the local angle of incidence, θi, changes. Numerical calculations for a limited set of rock shapes indicate a marked difference between the angular backscattering behavior of wavelength-scale surface and subsurface rocks: while subsurface rocks scatter approximately as a cosine power law, surface rocks display a complex variation, often with peak backscattering at high incidence angles (θi = 70°–75°).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JE02221","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Simpson, R., Tyler, G., Moore, H., and Harmon, J., 1998, Estimation of Mars radar backscatter from measured surface rock populations: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 103, no. E10, p. 22695-22712, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE02221.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"22695","endPage":"22712","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"E10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b77e4b0c8380cd5272a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, J.E.","contributorId":89689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.A.","contributorId":35091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyler, G.L.","contributorId":26297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harmon, J.K.","contributorId":20502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020547,"text":"70020547 - 1998 - The Soufriere Hills eruption, Montserrat, British West Indies: Introduction to special section, part 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T12:27:57.135836","indexId":"70020547","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Soufriere Hills eruption, Montserrat, British West Indies: Introduction to special section, part 1","docAbstract":"The special section on the eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano is a collection of 24 papers that summarises the early scientific work of the Montserrat Volcano Observatory. Part 1 of the special section, published in a previous issue of GRL, provided a sampling of the multidisciplinary investigations undertaken at Montserrat. The papers published in Part 1 included an overview of the eruption, investigations on seismicity, ground deformation studies, and petrology.
The papers of this issue comprise Part 2 of the special section. These papers also cover a broad spectrum of topics, including various topics in seismology, petrology, pyroclastic flow models, gas chemistry, hydrothermal systems, and tsunami models. In general, papers in Part 1 may be said to be more observational- or data-orientated, and those of Part 2 more model-orientated, but indeed there is much overlap of descriptive material, data, and modelling within the individual contributions. Considered in total the collection presents a representative summary of the scientific effort carried out in Montserrat through much of 1997.