{"pageNumber":"3524","pageRowStart":"88075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":1016509,"text":"1016509 - 1998 - Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:42","indexId":"1016509","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements","docAbstract":"Reconstruction of the spatial pattern of trees is important for the accurate visual display of unmapped stands. The proposed process for generating the spatial pattern is a nonsimple sequential inhibition process, with the inhibition zone proportionate to the scaled maximum crown width of an open-grown tree of the same species and same diameter at breast height as the subject tree. The results of this coordinate generation procedure are compared with mapped stem data from nine natural stands of Douglas-fir at two ages by the use of a transformed Ripley's K(d) function. The results of this comparison indicate that the proposed method, based on complete tree lists, successfully replicated the spatial patterns of the trees in all nine stands at both ages and over the range of distances examined. On the basis of these findings and the procedure's ability to model effects through time, the nonsimple sequential inhibition process has been chosen to generate tree coordinates in the VIZ4ST computer program for displaying forest stand structure in naturally regenerated young Douglas-fir stands. For. Sci.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hanus, M., Hann, D., and Marshall, D., 1998, Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements: Forest Science, v. 44, no. 1, p. 125-133.","productDescription":"p. 125-133","startPage":"125","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanus, M.L.","contributorId":13193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanus","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hann, D.W.","contributorId":106451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hann","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, D.D.","contributorId":43719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016520,"text":"1016520 - 1998 - Variability in seed dormancy of three Pacific Northwestern grasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T16:12:31","indexId":"1016520","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3371,"text":"Seed Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in seed dormancy of three Pacific Northwestern grasses","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Seed Testing Association","usgsCitation":"Trask, M.M., and Pyke, D.A., 1998, Variability in seed dormancy of three Pacific Northwestern grasses: Seed Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 179-191.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602c07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trask, Melinda M.","contributorId":104007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trask","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016022,"text":"1016022 - 1998 - Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T15:40:04","indexId":"1016022","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin","docAbstract":"Broad-scale avian surveys have been attempted within North America with mixed results. Arid regions, such as the Great Basin, are often poorly sampled because of the vastness of the region, inaccessibility of sites, and few ornithologists. In addition, extreme variability in wetland habitat conditions present special problems for conducting censuses of species inhabiting these areas. We examined these issues in assessing multi-scale shorebird (order: Charadriiformes) censuses conducted in the western Great Basin from 1992-1997. On ground surveys, we recorded 31 species of shorebirds, but were unable to accurately estimate population size. Conversely, on aerial surveys we were able to estimate regional abundance of some shorebirds, but were unable to determine species diversity. Aerial surveys of three large alkali lakes in Oregon (Goose, Summer, and Abert Lakes) revealed > 300,000 shorebirds in one year of this study, of which 67% were American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and 30% phalaropes (Phalaropus spp.). These lakes clearly meet Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network guidelines for designation as important shorebird sites. Based upon simulations of our monitoring effort and the magnitude and variation of numbers of American Avocets, detection of S-10% negative declines in populations of these birds would take a minimum of 7-23 years of comparable effort. We conclude that a combination of ground and aerial surveys must be conducted at multiple sites and years and over a large region to obtain an accurate picture of the diversity, abundance, and trends of shorebirds in the western Great Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369741","usgsCitation":"Warnock, N., Haig, S.M., and Oring, L.W., 1998, Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin: The Condor, v. 100, no. 4, p. 589-600, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369741.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"600","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oring, Lewis W.","contributorId":16757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016571,"text":"1016571 - 1998 - [Book review] The tallgrass restoration handbook: For prairies, savannas, and woodlands, by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:12:36","indexId":"1016571","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] The tallgrass restoration handbook: For prairies, savannas, and woodlands, by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel","docAbstract":"The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook: For Prairies, Savannas, and Woodlands edited by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Center for Great Plains Studies","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NE","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1998, [Book review] The tallgrass restoration handbook: For prairies, savannas, and woodlands, by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel: Great Plains Research, v. 8, no. 2, p. 339-341.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"341","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268118,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/404/"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1016021,"text":"1016021 - 1998 - Winter foraging ecology of bald eagles on a regulated river in southwest Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"1016021","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter foraging ecology of bald eagles on a regulated river in southwest Idaho","docAbstract":"We studied Bald Eagle foraging ecology on the South Fork Boise River,Idaho, during the\r\nwinters of 1990-92. We compared habitat variables at 29 foraging sites, 94 perch sites, and 131 random sites.Habitat variables included river habitat (pool, riffle, run), distance to the nearest change in river habitat, distance to nearest available perch, number and species of surrounding perches, and average river depth and flow. Eagles foraged more at pools than expected, and closer( (15 m) to changes in river habitat than expected. Where eagles foraged at riffles, those riffles were slower than riffles where they perched or riffles that were available at random. Where eagles foraged at runs, those runs were shallower than runs at either perch or random sites. Eagles perched less at riffles and more at sites where trees were available than expected. Changes in river habitat represent habitat edges where river\r\ndepth and flow change, making fish more vulnerable to eagle predation. Fish are more susceptible to predation at shallower river depths and slower flows. Slower river flows may be related to decreased surface turbulence, which also increases vulnerability of fish to aerial predation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kaltenecker, G.S., Steenhof, K., Bechard, M.J., and Munger, J.C., 1998, Winter foraging ecology of bald eagles on a regulated river in southwest Idaho: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 215-220.","productDescription":"p. 215-220","startPage":"215","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaltenecker, Gregory S.","contributorId":58242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaltenecker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bechard, Marc J.","contributorId":12426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bechard","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munger, James C.","contributorId":29377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021328,"text":"70021328 - 1998 - Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: II. Rate and mechanism of biotite weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T23:02:10.873251","indexId":"70021328","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: II. Rate and mechanism of biotite weathering","docAbstract":"<p>Samples of soil, saprolite, bedrock, and porewater from a lower montane wet forest, the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) in Puerto Rico, were studied to investigate the rates and mechanisms of biotite weathering. The soil profile, at the top of a ridge in the Rio Icacos watershed, consists of a 50–100-cm thick layer of unstructured soil above a 600–800 cm thick saprolite developed on quartz diorite. The only minerals present in significant concentration within the soil and saprolite are biotite, quartz, kaolinite, and iron oxides. Biotite is the only primary silicate releasing significant K and Mg to porewaters. Although biotite in samples of the quartz diorite bedrock is extensively chloritized, chlorite is almost entirely absent in the saprolite phyllosilicates. Phyllosilicate grains are present as 200–1000 μm wide books below about 50 cm depth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microprobe analyses indicate that the phyllosilicate grains contain a core of biotite surrounded by variable amounts of kaolinite. Lattice fringe images under transmission electron microscope (TEM) show single layers of biotite altering to two layers of kaolinite, suggesting dissolution of biotite and precipitation of kaolinite at discrete boundaries. Some single 14-Å layers are also observed in the biotite under TEM. The degree of kaolinitization of individual phyllosilicate grains as observed by TEM decreases with depth in the saprolite. This TEM work is the first such microstructural evidence of epitaxial growth of kaolinite onto biotite during alteration in low-temperature environments.</p><p>The rate of release of Mg in the profile, calculated as a flux through the soil normalized per watershed land area, is approximately 500 mol hectare<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(1.6 × 10<sup>−9</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mol<sub>Mg</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sub>soil</sub><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>). This rate is similar to the flux estimated from Mg discharge out the Rio Icacos (1000 mol hectare<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>yr<sup>−1</sup>, or 3.5 × 10<sup>−9</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mol<sub>Mg</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sub>soil</sub><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>), indicating that scaling up from the soil to the watershed is possible for Mg release. The rate of Mg release from biotite, normalized to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, is calculated using a mass balance equation which includes the density and volume of phyllosilicate grains, porewater chemistry and flux, and soil porosity. The mean rates of biotite weathering calculated from K and Mg release rates are approximately 6 and 11 × 10<sup>−16</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mol<sub>biotite</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sub>biotite</sub><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>respectively, significantly slower than laboratory rates (10<sup>−12</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>−11</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mol<sub>biotite</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sub>biotite</sub><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>). The discrepancy in scaling down from the soil to the laboratory is probably explained by (1) differences in weathering mechanism between the two environments, (2) higher solute concentrations in soil porewaters, (3) loss of reactive surface area of biotite in the saprolite due to kaolinite and iron oxide coatings, and/or (4) unaccounted-for heterogeneities in flow path through the soil.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00336-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S., Brantley, S., Blum, A., White, A.F., and Dong, H., 1998, Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: II. Rate and mechanism of biotite weathering: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, no. 2, p. 227-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00336-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"243","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"El Yunque, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Luquillo Mountains, Rio Icacos","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.81758032517828,\n              18.31905591453385\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.81758032517828,\n              18.256753902894303\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.74251326173366,\n              18.256753902894303\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.74251326173366,\n              18.31905591453385\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.81758032517828,\n              18.31905591453385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f599e4b0c8380cd4c2ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, S.F.","contributorId":40751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dong, H.","contributorId":94086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021290,"text":"70021290 - 1998 - Fluid-deposited graphitic inclusions in quartz: Comparison between KTB (German Continental Deep-Drilling) core samples and artificially reequilibrated natural inclusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T23:10:36.062946","indexId":"70021290","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid-deposited graphitic inclusions in quartz: Comparison between KTB (German Continental Deep-Drilling) core samples and artificially reequilibrated natural inclusions","docAbstract":"<p>We used Raman microsampling spectroscopy (RMS) to determine the degree of crystallinity of minute (2–15 μm) graphite inclusions in quartz in two sets of samples: experimentally reequilibrated fluid inclusions in a natural quartz grain and biotite-bearing paragneisses from the KTB deep drillhole in SE Germany. Our sequential reequilibration experiments at 725°C on initially pure CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>inclusions in a quartz wafer and the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"anchor-text\">J. Krautheim 1993 </span>experiments at 900–1100°C on organic compounds heated in gold or platinum capsules suggest that, at a given temperature, (1) fluid-deposited graphite will have a lower crystallinity than metamorphosed organic matter and (2) that the crystallinity of fluid-deposited graphite is affected by the composition of the fluid from which it was deposited. We determined that the precipitation of more-crystalline graphite is favored by lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><span>&nbsp;</span>H<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(higher<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><span>&nbsp;</span>O<sub>2</sub>), and that the crystallinity of graphite is established by the conditions (including gas fugacities) that pertain as the fluid first reaches graphite saturation.</p><p>Graphite inclusions within quartz grains in the KTB rocks show a wide range in crystallinity index, reflecting three episodes of carbon entrapment under different metamorphic conditions. Isolated graphite inclusions have the spectral properties of totally ordered, completely crystalline graphite. Such crystallinity suggests that the graphite was incorporated from the surrounding metasedimentary rocks, which underwent metamorphism at upper amphibolite-facies conditions. Much of the fluid-deposited graphite in fluid inclusions, however, shows some spectral disorder. The properties of that graphite resemble those of experimental precipitates at temperatures in excess of 700°C and at elevated pressures, suggesting that the inclusions represent precipitates from C-O-H fluids trapped under conditions near those of peak metamorphism at the KTB site. In contrast, graphite that is intimately associated with chlorite and other (presumably low-temperature) silicates in inclusions is highly disordered and spectrally resembles kerogens. This graphite probably was deposited during later greenschist-facies retrograde metamorphism at about 400–500°C.</p><p>The degree of crystallinity of fluid-deposited graphite is shown to be a much more complex function of temperature than is the crystallinity of metamorphic graphite. To some extent, experiments can provide temperature-calibration of the crystallinity index. However, the difference in time scales between experimental runs and geologic processes makes it difficult to infer specific temperatures for naturally precipitated graphite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00322-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Pasteris, J.D., and Chou, I., 1998, Fluid-deposited graphitic inclusions in quartz: Comparison between KTB (German Continental Deep-Drilling) core samples and artificially reequilibrated natural inclusions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, no. 1, p. 109-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00322-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"122","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Germany","otherGeospatial":"Bohemian Massif","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              11.89384007177577,\n              49.93564978308308\n            ],\n            [\n              11.89384007177577,\n              49.69733618278613\n            ],\n            [\n              12.40408890070293,\n              49.69733618278613\n            ],\n            [\n              12.40408890070293,\n              49.93564978308308\n            ],\n            [\n              11.89384007177577,\n              49.93564978308308\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1279e4b0c8380cd54307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pasteris, J. D.","contributorId":97640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pasteris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25550,"text":"wri984059 - 1998 - Ground-water discharge and base-flow nitrate loads of nontidal streams, and their relation to a hydrogeomorphic classification of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, middle Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T19:57:14.800628","indexId":"wri984059","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4059","title":"Ground-water discharge and base-flow nitrate loads of nontidal streams, and their relation to a hydrogeomorphic classification of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, middle Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"<p>Existing data on base-flow and groundwater nitrate loads were compiled and analyzed to assess the significance of groundwater discharge as a source of the nitrate load to nontidal streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. These estimates were then related to hydrogeomorphic settings based on lithology and physiographic province to provide insight on the areal distribution of ground-water discharge. Base-flow nitrate load accounted for 26 to about 100 percent of total-flow nitrate load, with a median value of 56 percent, and it accounted for 17 to 80 percent of total-flow total-nitrogen load, with a median value of 48 percent.</p><p>Hydrograph separations were conducted on continuous streamflow records from 276 gaging stations within the watershed. The values for base flow thus calculated were considered an estimate of ground-water discharge. The ratio of base flow to total flow provided an estimate of the relative importance of ground-water discharge within a basin.</p><p>Base-flow nitrate loads, total-flow nitrate loads, and total-flow total-nitrogen loads were previously computed from water-quality and discharge measurements by use of a regression model. Base-flow nitrate loads were available from 78 stations, total-flow nitrate loads were available from 86 stations, and total-flow total-nitrogen loads were available for 48 stations. The percentage of base-flow nitrate load to total-flow nitrate load could be computed for 57 stations, whereas the percentage of base-flow nitrate load to totalflow total-nitrogen load could be computed for 36 stations. These loads were divided by the basin area to obtain yields, which were used to compare the nitrate discharge from basins of different sizes.</p><p>The results indicate that ground-water discharge is a significant source of water and nitrate to the total streamflow and nitrate load. Base flow accounted for 16 to 92 percent of total streamflow at the 276 sampling sites, with a median value of 54 percent. It is estimated that of the 50 billion gallons of water that reaches the Chesapeake Bay each day, nearly 27 billion gallons is base flow.</p><p>Generalized lithology (siliciclastic, carbonate, crystalline, and unconsolidated) was combined with physiographic province (the Appalachian Plateau, the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, the Piedmont, including the Mesozoic Lowland section, and the Coastal Plain) to delineate 11 hydrogeomorphic regions. Areal variation of base flow and base-flow nitrate yield were assessed by means of nonparametric, one-way analysis of variance on basins grouped by the dominant hydrogeomorphic region and by correlation analysis of base flow or base-flow nitrate yield with the percentage of land area of a given hydrogeomorphic region within a basin.</p><p>Base flow appeared to have a significant relation to the hydrogeomorphic regions. The highest percentages of base flow were found in areas underlain by carbonate rock, crystalline rock with relatively low relief, and unconsolidated sediments. Lower percentages were found in areas underlain by siliclastic rocks and crystalline rocks with relatively high relief.</p><p>The relation between base-flow nitrate yield and hydrogeomorphic region is less clear. Although there is a relation between low nitrate yields and areas underlain by highrelief siliciclastic rocks, and a relation between high yields and carbonate rocks, much of this relation can be explained by the strong association between the hydrogeomorphic units and land use. In addition, most basins are mixtures of several hydrogeomorphic regions, so the nitrate yield from a basin depends on a large number of complex interacting factors. These unclear results indicate that the sample of available data used here may not be adequate to fully assess the relation between base-flow nitrate yield and the hydrogeomorphic setting of the basin. The results appear to show, however, that ground-water discharge is an important component of the total nontidal streamflow, and that ground-water discharge varies according to the hydrogeomorphic regions. Environmental management of the nontidal streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed will thus have to consider the prevention of nutrient infiltration into aquifers as well as prevention of overland runoff of high-nitrogen waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984059","usgsCitation":"Bachman, L.J., Lindsey, B., Brakebill, J.W., and Powars, D.S., 1998, Ground-water discharge and base-flow nitrate loads of nontidal streams, and their relation to a hydrogeomorphic classification of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, middle Atlantic Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4059, iv, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984059.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience 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Joseph","contributorId":33304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brakebill, John W. 0000-0001-9235-6810 jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016147,"text":"1016147 - 1998 - Bryophyte species associations with coarse woody debris and stand ages in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T14:48:49.418682","indexId":"1016147","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1087,"text":"Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bryophyte species associations with coarse woody debris and stand ages in Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>We quantified the relationships of 93 forest floor bryophyte species, including epiphytes from incorporated litterfall, to substrate and stand age in Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla stands at two sites in western Oregon. We used the method of Dufrêne and Legendre that combines a species' relative abundance and relative frequency, to calculate that species' importance in relation to environmental variables. The resulting \"indicator value\" describes a species' reliability for indicating the given environmental parameter. Thirty-nine species were indicative of either humus, a decay class of coarse woody debris, or stand age. Bryophyte community composition changed along the continuum of coarse woody debris decomposition from recently fallen trees with intact bark to forest floor humus. Richness of forest floor bryophytes will be enhanced when a full range of coarse woody debris decay classes is present. A suite of bryophytes indicated old-growth forest. These were mainly either epiphytes associated with older conifers or liverworts associated with coarse woody debris. Hardwood-associated epiphytes mainly indicated young stands. Mature conifers, hardwoods, and coarse woody debris are biological legacies that can be protected when thinning managed stands to foster habitat complexity and biodiversity, consistent with an ecosystem approach to forest management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Bryological and Lichenological Society","doi":"10.2307/3244175","usgsCitation":"Rambo, T., and Muir, P.S., 1998, Bryophyte species associations with coarse woody debris and stand ages in Oregon: Bryologist, v. 101, no. 3, p. 366-376, https://doi.org/10.2307/3244175.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"376","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.60693359374999,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              45.69083283645816\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.60693359374999,\n              45.69083283645816\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.60693359374999,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rambo, T.","contributorId":101620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rambo","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muir, Patricia S.","contributorId":12438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021161,"text":"70021161 - 1998 - Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:14:22.848032","indexId":"70021161","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Although the presence of extensive gas hydrate on the Cascadia margin, offshore from the western U.S. and Canada, has been inferred from marine seismic records and pore water chemistry, solid gas hydrate has only been found at one location. At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 892, offshore from central Oregon, gas hydrate was recovered close to the sediment-water interface at 2–19 m below the seafloor (mbsf) at 670 m water depth. The gas hydrate occurs as elongated platy crystals or crystal aggregates, mostly disseminated irregularly, with higher concentrations occurring in discrete zones, thin layers, and/or veinlets parallel or oblique to the bedding. A 2- to 3-cm thick massive gas hydrate layer, parallel to bedding, was recovered at ∼ 17 mbsf. Gas from a sample of this layer was composed of both CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>S. This sample is the first mixed-gas hydrate of CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S documented in ODP; it also contains ethane and minor amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>. Measured temperatures of the recovered core ranged from 2 to −1.8°C and are 6 to 8 degrees lower than in-situ temperatures. These temperature anomalies were caused by the partial dissociation of the CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate during recovery without a pressure core sampler.During this dissociation, toxic levels of H<sub>2</sub>S (δ<sup>34</sup>S, +27.4‰) were released. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values of the CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the gas hydrate, −64.5 to −67.5‰<sub>(PDB)</sub>, together with δD values of −197 to −199‰<sub>(SMOW)</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>indicate a primarily microbial source for the CH<sub>4</sub>. The δ<sup>18</sup>O value of the hydrate H<sub>2</sub>O is +2.9‰<sub>(SMOW)</sub>, comparable with the experimental fractionation factor for sea-ice. The unusual composition (CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S) and depth distribution (2–19 mbsf) of this gas hydrate indicate mixing between a methane-rich fluid with a pore fluid enriched in sulfide; at this site the former is advecting along an inclined fault into the active sulfate reduction zone. The facts that the CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate is primarily confined to the present day active sulfate reduction zone (2–19 mbsf), and that from here down to the BSR depth (19–68 mbsf) the gas hydrate inferred to exist is a ≥99% CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>hydrate, suggest that the mixing of CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>S is a geologically young process. Because the existence of a mixed CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate is indicative of moderate to intense advection of a methane-rich fluid into a near surface active sulfate reduction zone, tectonically active (faulted) margins with organic-rich sediments and moderate to high sedimentation rates are the most likely regions of occurrence. The extension of such a mixed hydrate below the sulfate reduction zone should reflect the time-span of methane advection into the sulfate reduction zone.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00013-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kastner, M., Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 1998, Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 156, no. 3-4, p. 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00013-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              42.07916277343969\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72265368371768,\n              42.07916277343969\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72265368371768,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"156","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b0e4b0c8380cd4c378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kastner, M.","contributorId":21276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021334,"text":"70021334 - 1998 - Hydrology of prairie pothole wetlands during drought and deluge: A 17-year study of the Cottonwood Lake wetland complex in North Dakota in the perspective of longer term measured and proxy hydrological records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021334","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology of prairie pothole wetlands during drought and deluge: A 17-year study of the Cottonwood Lake wetland complex in North Dakota in the perspective of longer term measured and proxy hydrological records","docAbstract":"From 1988 to 1992 the north-central plains of North America had a drought that was followed by a wet period that continues to the present (1997). Data on the hydrology of the Cottonwood Lake area (CWLA) collected for nearly 10 years before, and during, the recent dry and wet periods indicate that some prairie pothole wetlands served only a recharge function under all climate conditions. Transpiration from groundwater around the perimeter of groundwater discharge wetlands drew water from the wetlands by the end of summer, even during very wet years. Long-term records of a climate index (Palmer Drought Severity Index), stream discharge (Pembina River), and lake level (Devils Lake) were used to put the 17-year CWLA record into a longer term perspective. In addition, proxy records of climate determined from fossils in the sediments of Devils Lake were also used. These data indicate that the drought of 1988-92 may have been the second worst of the 20th century, but that droughts of that magnitude, and worse, were common during the past 500 years. In contrast, the present wet period may be the wettest it has been during the past 130 years, or possibly the past 500 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1005448416571","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., and Rosenberry, D., 1998, Hydrology of prairie pothole wetlands during drought and deluge: A 17-year study of the Cottonwood Lake wetland complex in North Dakota in the perspective of longer term measured and proxy hydrological records: Climatic Change, v. 40, no. 2, p. 189-209, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005448416571.","startPage":"189","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005448416571"},{"id":230106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3733e4b0c8380cd60ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":389508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021579,"text":"70021579 - 1998 - Occurrence and distribution of semivolatile organic compounds in stream bed sediments, United States, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T12:48:27","indexId":"70021579","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"1333","title":"Occurrence and distribution of semivolatile organic compounds in stream bed sediments, United States, 1992-95","docAbstract":"Bed-sediment samples from streams were collected from 443 sites in 19 major river basins during 1992-95 and analyzed for semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) to assess the occurrence and distribution of selected Hydrophobic contaminants. Forty SVOCs were detected in more than 5 percent of samples. Of these 40 SVOCs, 27 were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5 were azaarenes, 5 were phthalates, 2 were phenols, and 1 was a quinone. Statistically higher concentrations of the sum of PAHs, azaarenes, and phthalates were measured in samples from urban drainage basins in comparison to other land uses. The frequency of detection and concentrations of PAHs, azaarenes, and phthalates were highest in the northeastern part and lowest in the western part of the United States. Concentrations of the sum of PAHs and sum of phthalates had statistically significant, but weak, correlations with toxic releases to air, population density, and urban land use. Urban activities could be significant sources and the atmosphere could be a significant transport mechanism affecting the distribution of certain SVOCs.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Seventh Volume","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials","publisherLocation":"West Conshohocken, PA","doi":"10.1520/STP12158S","issn":"10403094","isbn":"978-0-8031-1485-2","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., Furlong, E.T., and Pritt, J.W., 1998, Occurrence and distribution of semivolatile organic compounds in stream bed sediments, United States, 1992-95, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Seventh Volume, v. 7, p. 105-119, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP12158S.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b50e4b0c8380cd74618","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenberg, Bruce M.","contributorId":103577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508709,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J.","contributorId":53360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":390359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritt, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":12505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021332,"text":"70021332 - 1998 - Evaluation of radio-tracking and strip transect methods for determining foraging ranges of Black-Legged Kittiwakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:49:59","indexId":"70021332","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of radio-tracking and strip transect methods for determining foraging ranges of Black-Legged Kittiwakes","docAbstract":"<p>We compared strip transect and radio-tracking methods of determining foraging range of Black-legged Kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>). The mean distance birds were observed from their colony determined by radio-tracking was significantly greater than the mean value calculated from strip transects. We determined that this difference was due to two sources of bias: (1) as distance from the colony increased, the area of available habitat also increased resulting in decreasing bird densities (bird spreading). Consequently, the probability of detecting birds during transect surveys also would decrease as distance from the colony increased, and (2) the maximum distance birds were observed from the colony during radio-tracking exceeded the extent of the strip transect survey. We compared the observed number of birds seen on the strip transect survey to the predictions of a model of the decreasing probability of detection due to bird spreading. Strip transect data were significantly different from modeled data; however, the field data were consistently equal to or below the model predictions, indicating a general conformity to the concept of declining detection at increasing distance. We conclude that radio-tracking data gave a more representative indication of foraging distances than did strip transect sampling. Previous studies of seabirds that have used strip transect sampling without accounting for bird spreading or the effects of study-area limitations probably underestimated foraging range.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369753","usgsCitation":"Ostrand, W.D., Drew, G., Suryan, R., and McDonald, L., 1998, Evaluation of radio-tracking and strip transect methods for determining foraging ranges of Black-Legged Kittiwakes: The Condor, v. 100, no. 4, p. 709-718, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369753.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369753","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cb4e4b0c8380cd52c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostrand, William D.","contributorId":90898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostrand","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, G.S.","contributorId":95415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, L.L.","contributorId":19906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021295,"text":"70021295 - 1998 - A mini drivepoint sampler for measuring pore water solute concentrations in the hyporheic zone of sand-bottom streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-06T06:20:36","indexId":"70021295","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mini drivepoint sampler for measuring pore water solute concentrations in the hyporheic zone of sand-bottom streams","docAbstract":"A new method for collecting pore-water samples in sand and gravel streambeds is presented. We developed a mini drivepoint solution sampling (MINIPOINT) technique to collect pore-water samples at 2.5-cm vertical resolution. The sampler consisted of six small-diameter stainless steel drivepoints arranged in a 10-cm-diameter circular array. In a simple procedure, the sampler was installed in the streambed to preset drivepoint depths of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 cm. Sampler performance was evaluated in the Shingobee River, Minnesota, and Pinal Creek, Arizona, by measuring the vertical gradient of chloride concentration in pore water beneath the streambed that was established by the uninterrupted injection to the stream for 3 d. Pore-water samples were withdrawn from all drivepoints simultaneously. In the first evaluation, the vertical chloride gradient was unchanged at withdrawal rates between 0.3 and 4.0 ml min-1 but was disturbed at higher rates. In the second evaluation, up to 70 ml of pore water was withdrawn from each drivepoint at a withdrawal rate of 2.5 ml min-1 without disturbing the vertical chloride gradient. Background concentrations of other solutes were also determined with MINIPOINT sampling. Steep vertical gradients were present for biologically reactive solutes such as DO, NH4/+, NO3/-, and dissolved organic C in the top 20 cm of the streambed. These detailed solute profiles in the hyporheic zone could not have been determined without a method for close interval vertical sampling that does not disturb natural hydrologic mixing between stream water and groundwater.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Duff, J.H., Murphy, F., Fuller, C.C., Triska, F., Harvey, J.W., and Jackman, A.P., 1998, A mini drivepoint sampler for measuring pore water solute concentrations in the hyporheic zone of sand-bottom streams: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1378-1383.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1378","endPage":"1383","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e467e4b0c8380cd4662f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Fred 0000-0001-6147-7564 fmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-7564","contributorId":209970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Fred","email":"fmurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Triska, F.","contributorId":70173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":2002227,"text":"2002227 - 1998 - Herpetology of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"2002227","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":62,"text":"Proceedings","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMRS-P-3","title":"Herpetology of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The future of arid grasslands: identifying issues, seeking solutions. Proceedings of symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Rosen, P., Sartorius, S., Schwalbe, C., Holm, P.A., and Lowe, C., 1998, Herpetology of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona: Proceedings RMRS-P-3, p. 65-80.","productDescription":"p. 65-80","startPage":"65","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, P.C.","contributorId":107640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sartorius, S.S.","contributorId":50248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartorius","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holm, P. A.","contributorId":51234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, C.H.","contributorId":60567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021327,"text":"70021327 - 1998 - Indices of benthic community tolerance in contaminated Great Lakes sediments: Relations with sediment contaminant concentrations, sediment toxicity, and the sediment quality triad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:33:20","indexId":"70021327","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indices of benthic community tolerance in contaminated Great Lakes sediments: Relations with sediment contaminant concentrations, sediment toxicity, and the sediment quality triad","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated the toxic-units model developed by Wildhaber and Schmitt (1996) as a predictor of indices of mean tolerance to pollution (i.e., Lenat, 1993; Hilsenhoff, 1987) and other benthic community indices from Great Lakes sediments containing complex mixtures of environmental contaminants (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls – PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – PAHs, pesticides, chlorinated dioxins, and metals). Sediment toxic units were defined as the ratio of the estimated pore-water concentration of a contaminant to its chronic toxicity as estimated by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC) or other applicable standard. The total hazard of a sediment to aquatic life was assessed by summing toxic units for all contaminants quantified. Among the benthic community metrics evaluated, total toxic units were most closely correlated with Lenat's (1993) and Hilsenhoff's (1987) indices of community tolerance (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T</i><sub><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">L</i></sub><span> and </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T</i><sub><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">H</i></sub><span>, respectively); toxic units accounted for 42% </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T</i><sub><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">L</i></sub><span> and 53% </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T</i><sub><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">H</i></sub><span> of variability in community tolerance as measured by Ponar grabs. In contrast, taxonomic richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity were not correlated (P &gt; 0.05) with toxic units. Substitution of order- or family-level identifications for lowest possible (mostly genus- or species-) level identifications in the calculation of </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T</i><sub><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">L</i></sub><span> and </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T</i><sub><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">H</i></sub><span> indices weakened the relationships with toxic units. Tolerance values based on order- and family-level identifications of benthos for artificial substrate samples were more strongly correlated with toxic units than tolerance values for benthos from Ponar grabs. The ability of the toxic-units model to predict the other two components (i.e., laboratory-measured sediment toxicity and benthic community composition) of the Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) may obviate the need for the SQT in some situations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1005716111754","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M., and Schmitt, C., 1998, Indices of benthic community tolerance in contaminated Great Lakes sediments: Relations with sediment contaminant concentrations, sediment toxicity, and the sediment quality triad: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 49, no. 1, p. 23-49, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005716111754.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005716111754"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a94e4b0c8380cd61db3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021329,"text":"70021329 - 1998 - An observation on caching of prey by a long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021329","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An observation on caching of prey by a long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata)","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., 1998, An observation on caching of prey by a long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata): Southwestern Naturalist, v. 43, no. 1.","startPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea96e4b0c8380cd48970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021368,"text":"70021368 - 1998 - Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T16:55:02.221072","indexId":"70021368","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate robustness of four tests to detect density dependence, from series of population abundances, to the addition of sampling variance. Population abundances were generated from random walk, stochastic exponential growth, and density-dependent population models. Population abundance estimates were generated with sampling variances distributed as lognormal and constant coefficients of variation (</span><span class=\"smallCaps\">cv</span><span>) from 0.00 to 1.00. In general, when data were generated under a random walk, Type I error rates increased rapidly for Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R,</i><span>&nbsp;Pollard et al.'s, and Dennis and Taper's tests with increasing magnitude of sampling variance for&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 5 yr and all values of process variation. Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>* test maintained a constant 5% Type I error rate for&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 5 yr and all magnitudes of sampling variance in the population abundance estimates. When abundances were generated from two stochastic exponential growth models (</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.05 and&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.10), Type I errors again increased with increasing sampling variance; magnitude of Type I error rates were higher for the slower growing population. Therefore, sampling error inflated Type I error rates, invalidating the tests, for all except Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>* test. Comparable simulations for abundance estimates generated from a density-dependent growth rate model were conducted to estimate power of the tests. Type II error rates were influenced by the relationship of initial population size to carrying capacity (</span><i>K</i><span>), length of time series, as well as sampling error. Given the inflated Type I error rates for all but Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>*, power was overestimated for the remaining tests, resulting in density dependence being detected more often than it existed. Population abundances of natural populations are almost exclusively estimated rather than censused, assuring sampling error. Therefore, because these tests have been shown to be either invalid when only sampling variance occurs in the population abundances (Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R,</i><span>&nbsp;Pollard et al.'s, and Dennis and Taper's tests) or lack power (Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>* test), little justification exists for use of such tests to support or refute the hypothesis of density dependence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0445:SVEODD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shenk, T.M., White, G.C., and Burnham, K.P., 1998, Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations: Ecological Monographs, v. 68, no. 3, p. 445-463, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0445:SVEODD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab097e4b0c8380cd87bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shenk, Tanya M","contributorId":221010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shenk","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":40309,"text":"NPS, Lincoln, NE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021323,"text":"70021323 - 1998 - Sediment transport capacity as an objective of reservoir operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021323","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sediment transport capacity as an objective of reservoir operations","docAbstract":"A sediment transport capacity index was developed as a part of a program to develop methods of flushing flow analysis. The index can be used to develop reservoir operation strategies that consider the movement of sediment as one of the reservoir management goals. The sedimentation transport capacity index determines the instream flow for the maintenance of the substrate below a reservoir in a condition needed by a desirable ecosystem. It can also be used in investigating the impacts of reservoir on the river channel downstream of the reservoir. The method allows a reservoir operator the flexibility of meeting the streamflow needs with a mix of streamflows.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management","conferenceDate":"7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1998, Sediment transport capacity as an objective of reservoir operations, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998, p. 716-721.","startPage":"716","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89d5e4b08c986b316ed0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loucks E","contributorId":128438,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Loucks E","id":536470,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021384,"text":"70021384 - 1998 - Effect of implanted satellite transmitters on the nesting behavior of Murres","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T16:57:04.409403","indexId":"70021384","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of implanted satellite transmitters on the nesting behavior of Murres","docAbstract":"<p><span>We implanted 6 Common Murres (</span><i>Uria aalge</i><span>) and 10 Thick-billed Murres (</span><i>Uria lomvia</i><span>) with satellite transmitters and compared subsequent presence at the colony, nesting status, and provisioning to a control group that underwent a simple surgical procedure. In the 10 days following implantation, we resighted 10 of 11 control birds at the colony and 6 of 16 implanted birds. Of the birds that returned, 7 of 10 control birds retained breeding status, whereas zero of six implanted birds retained breeding status. We conclude that abdominal implantations alter murre nesting behavior.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369912","usgsCitation":"Meyers, P., Hatch, S.A., and Mulcahy, D., 1998, Effect of implanted satellite transmitters on the nesting behavior of Murres: Condor, v. 100, no. 1, p. 172-174, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369912.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369912","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cape Lisburne","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.25267028808594,\n              68.79557115566595\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.7280731201172,\n              68.79557115566595\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.7280731201172,\n              68.91866259980085\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.25267028808594,\n              68.91866259980085\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.25267028808594,\n              68.79557115566595\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05ece4b0c8380cd5101d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, P.M.","contributorId":80031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.M.","contributorId":43302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019825,"text":"70019825 - 1998 - The aquatic macrophyte seed bank in Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:21","indexId":"70019825","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2180,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aquatic macrophyte seed bank in Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Submersed aquatic vegetation, dominated by Vallisneria americana Michx., declined dramatically in Lake Onalaska (Navigation Pool 7, on the Upper Mississippi River) following drought conditions in the late 1980s. Coinciding with the decline were marked increases in the abundance of Myriophyllum spicatum L., particularly in areas vacated by V. americana. Recent evidence indicates that much of the lake has remained unvegetated, but that since 1994, beds of V. americana have made a partial recovery. While the production of vegetative propagules may largely account for increases in populations of both species, the extent to which seed production may contribute to their expansion in the lake is unknown. To assess the germination potential and distribution of the aquatic macrophyte seed bank in Lake Onalaska, sediment cores (5 cm deep) were collected from 74 sampling sites injury 1996. Seedling emergence from sediments was observed in an environmental growth chamber operated at 25 C and a 14-hr photoperiod over a period of eight weeks. Fifteen species of aquatic macrophytes germinated in sediments from 55 sites. V. americana seedlings emerged from sediments from 36 sites throughout the lake, but were most prevalent in sediments collected within or downstream (within 250 m) of established V. americana beds. Seedlings of M. spicatum emerged from only two collected sediments that had supported this species in protected areas. These findings suggest that seed production may play a greater role in the dispersal of V. americana than M. spicatum, and further emphasize basic differences in their survival strategies, particularly in flowing water systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01466623","usgsCitation":"McFarland, D., and Rogers, S., 1998, The aquatic macrophyte seed bank in Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 36, no. JAN., p. 33-39.","startPage":"33","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"JAN.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9cbe4b08c986b3224fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFarland, D.G.","contributorId":100967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, S.J.","contributorId":82017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021289,"text":"70021289 - 1998 - Anthropogenic effects on winter behavior of ferruginous hawks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T11:30:28.408997","indexId":"70021289","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic effects on winter behavior of ferruginous hawks","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-container abstract-info\" data-v-6f3e0b52=\"\" data-v-f5d858dc=\"\" data-ajax=\"false\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-v-6f3e0b52=\"\"><div data-v-6f3e0b52=\"\">Little information is known about the ecology of ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) in winter versus the breeding season and less about how the species adapts to fragmented grassland habitats. Accordingly, we studied the behavior of 38 radiotagged ferruginous hawks during 3 winters from 1992 to 1995. We used 2 adjacent sites in Colorado that were characterized by low and high levels of anthropogenic influence and habitat fragmentation: the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge (RMANWR; low-level influence), and several adjacent Denver suburbs (high-level influence). Relative abundance of ferruginous hawks differed by treatment area and year (P &lt; 0.001); hawks were most numerous where black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were most plentiful. Daily Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) home range areas did not differ (P = 0.28) for RMANWR (x̄ = 4.71 km2, SE = 1.33, n = 25) and suburban hawks (x̄ = 2.30 km2, SE = 0.50, n = 13). The number of perches occupied per day between the sites was not different (P = 0.14), but hawks at RMANWR used pole and ground perches more frequently and for a greater portion of the daily time budget (P &lt; 0.05). Hawks at RMANWR spent less time roosting after sunrise (x̄ = 61 min) than did suburban hawks (x̄ = 138 min; P = 0.004) and spent less time roosting during the day (RMANWR = 100 min; suburb = 189 min; P = 0.009). Prey acquisition and associated intra- and interspecific interactions were not different (P &gt; 0.05) at RMANWR and suburban sites. Ferruginous hawks appear to modify their behavior in fragmented, largely human-altered habitats, provided some foraging habitats with adequate populations of suitable prey species are present.</div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802297","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Plumpton, D., and Andersen, D., 1998, Anthropogenic effects on winter behavior of ferruginous hawks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 1, p. 340-346, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802297.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ae4b0c8380cd491f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumpton, D.L.","contributorId":41617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumpton","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019846,"text":"70019846 - 1998 - Analysis of lake-bottom sediment to estimate historical nonpoint-source phosphorus loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T00:14:54.084612","indexId":"70019846","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of lake-bottom sediment to estimate historical nonpoint-source phosphorus loads","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>ABSTRACT Bottom sediment in Hillsdale Lake, Kansas, was analyzed to estimate the annual load of total phosphorus deposited in the lake from nonpoint sources. Topographic, bathymetric, and sediment-core data were used to estimate the total mass of phosphorus in the lake-bottom sediment. Available streamflow and water-quality data were used to compute the mean annual mass of phosphorus (dissolved plus suspended) exiting the lake. The mean annual load of phosphorus added to the lake from point sources was estimated from previous studies. A simple mass balance then was used to compute the mean annual load of phosphorus from non-point sources. The total mass of phosphorus in the lake-bottom sediment was estimated to be 924,000 kg, with a mean annual load of 62,000 kg. The mean annual mass of phosphorus exiting in the lake outflow was estimated to be about 8,000 kg. The mean annual loads of phosphorus added to the lake from point and nonpoint sources were estimated to be 5,000 and 65,000 kg, respectively. Thus, the contribution to the total mean annual phosphorus load in Hillsdale Lake is about 7 percent from point sources and about 93 percent from nonpoint sources.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05444.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 1998, Analysis of lake-bottom sediment to estimate historical nonpoint-source phosphorus loads: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1449-1463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05444.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1449","endPage":"1463","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb1de4b0c8380cd48c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021296,"text":"70021296 - 1998 - The petrogenesis of felsic calc-alkaline magmas from the southernmost Cascades, California: Origin by partial melting of basaltic lower crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:59:36.249392","indexId":"70021296","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The petrogenesis of felsic calc-alkaline magmas from the southernmost Cascades, California: Origin by partial melting of basaltic lower crust","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">The majority of felsic rocks from composite centers in the southernmost Cascades have geochemical and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios that suggest derivation by partial melting of lower crust that is compositionally similar to calc-alkaline basalts observed in the region. Only a few felsic rocks have δ<sup>18</sup>O and Pb isotopic compositions that indicate interaction with the upper crust. Mineralogical and geochemical differences among the felsic magmas result primarily from melting under variable<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>(H<sub>2</sub>O) and temperature conditions. Partial melting under low<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>(H<sub>2</sub>O) and high temperature conditions leaves an amphibole-poor residuum, and produces magmas that have orthopyroxene as the most abundant ferromagnesian phenocryst, relatively low silica contents, and straight rare earth element patterns. Partial melting under higher<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>(H<sub>2</sub>O) and lower temperature conditions leaves an amphibole-rich residuum, and produces magmas that have amphibole ± biotite phenocrysts, relatively high silica contents, and pronounced middle rare earth element depletions. These conclusions are consistent with published thermal models that suggest that reasonable volumes of basaltic magma emplaced beneath large composite centers in the southernmost Cascades can serve as the heat source for melting of the lower crust. Melting of the lower crust under variable<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>(H<sub>2</sub>O) conditions is likely to result from differences in the H<sub>2</sub>O contents of these basaltic magmas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petroj/39.6.1197","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Borg, L.E., and Clynne, M., 1998, The petrogenesis of felsic calc-alkaline magmas from the southernmost Cascades, California: Origin by partial melting of basaltic lower crust: Journal of Petrology, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1197-1222, https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.6.1197.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1197","endPage":"1222","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488031,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.6.1197","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae8be4b08c986b324190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borg, L. E.","contributorId":33863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021383,"text":"70021383 - 1998 - Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-02T11:26:17.838032","indexId":"70021383","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population","docAbstract":"<div id=\"9841909\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The ways in which comprehensive condition profiles, incorporating morphometric, histologic, physiologic, and diet quality indices, responded to changes in density of a white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) population were examined. Changes in these condition indices were monitored in a northeastern Oklahoma deer herd as density declined from peaks of 80 and 72 deer/km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1989 and 1990 (high-density) to lows of 39 and 41 deer/km<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1991 and 1992 (reduced-density), respectively. Compared to a reference population (6 deer/km<sub>2</sub>), deer sampled during high-density exhibited classic signs of nutritional stress such as low body and visceral organ masses (except elevated adrenal gland mass), low fecal nitrogen levels, reduced concentrations of serum albumin, elevated serum creatinine concentrations, and a high prevalence of parasitic infections. Although density declined by one half over the 4-yr study, gross indices of condition (in particular body mass and size) remained largely unchanged. However, selected organ masses, serum albumin and non-protein nitrogen constituents, and fecal nitrogen indices reflected improvements in nutritional status with reductions in density. Many commonly used indices of deer condition (fat reserves, hematocrit, total serum protein, and blood urea nitrogen) were not responsive to fluctuations in density.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Sams, M., Lochmiller, R., Qualls, C., and Leslie, D., 1998, Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 34, no. 1, p. 110-125, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d2ce4b08c986b3182b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, M.G.","contributorId":61200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sams","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lochmiller, R.L.","contributorId":68061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lochmiller","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qualls, C.W. Jr.","contributorId":10949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qualls","given":"C.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}