{"pageNumber":"3526","pageRowStart":"88125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70020537,"text":"70020537 - 1998 - The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on freshwater invertebrates: Experiments with a solar simulator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:21:27","indexId":"70020537","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on freshwater invertebrates: Experiments with a solar simulator","docAbstract":"There is concern that decreases in stratospheric ozone will lead to hazardous levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation at the Earth's surface. In clear water, UV-B may penetrate to significant depths. The purpose of the current study was to compare the sensitivity of freshwater invertebrates to UV-B. We used a solar simulator, calibrated to match local ambient solar radiation, to expose five species of freshwater invertebrates to enhanced levels of UV-B radiation. UV-B measurements in a eutrophic pond revealed that 10% of the irradiance penetrated to 30-cm depth and 1% to 57-cm depth. The irradiance at the upper 5-20 cm was comparable to levels used in the simulator. Median lethal dose (LD50) values were determined for the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Scapholeberis kingii (two induced color morphs), and Daphnia magna; the ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens; and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Among the species, 96-h LD50 estimates were quite variable, ranging from 4.2 to 84.0 ??W cm-2. These estimates indicated S. kingii to be highly sensitive and H. azteca, C. reticulata, and D. magna to be moderately sensitive, whereas the ostracod C. incongruens was very tolerant to UV-B radiation. Overall, this study suggests that, in shallow ponds without physical refuges, UV-B radiation would have the strongest effects upon cladocerans and amphipods occurring in the water column, whereas ostracods would be better protected.","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.1998.43.6.1082","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Hurtubise, R., Havel, J., and Little, E.E., 1998, The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on freshwater invertebrates: Experiments with a solar simulator: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1082-1088, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.6.1082.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1082","endPage":"1088","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baba3e4b08c986b322f8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurtubise, R.D.","contributorId":61592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurtubise","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Havel, J.E.","contributorId":72548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havel","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020538,"text":"70020538 - 1998 - Early maritime economy and El Nino events at Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70020538","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early maritime economy and El Nino events at Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru","docAbstract":"The archaeological site of Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru, dates to 12,700 to 12,500 calibrated years before the present (10,770 to 10,530 carbon-14 years before the present). It contains some of the oldest evidence of maritime- based economic activity in the New World. Recovered materials include a hearth, lithic cutting tools and flakes, and abundant processed marine fauna, primarily seabirds and fish. Sediments below and above the occupation layer were probably generated by El Nino events, indicating that El Nino was active during the Pleistocene as well as during the early and middle Holocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.281.5384.1833","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., deFrance, S.D., Moseley, M., Richardson, J., Satterlee, D., and Day-Lewis, A., 1998, Early maritime economy and El Nino events at Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru: Science, v. 281, no. 5384, p. 1833-1835, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5384.1833.","startPage":"1833","endPage":"1835","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5384.1833"},{"id":230988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"5384","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a048ce4b0c8380cd50a4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"deFrance, Susan D.","contributorId":90902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deFrance","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moseley, M.E.","contributorId":107875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moseley","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, J. B. III","contributorId":10190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"J. B.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Satterlee, D.R.","contributorId":55603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satterlee","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Day-Lewis, A.","contributorId":70560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021322,"text":"70021322 - 1998 - Hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021322","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite","docAbstract":"Synthetic gel and glass of illitic composition, natural kaolinite, and mixed-layer illite-smectite were used as starting materials for hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite. Ammonium illite was prepared from synthetic gel by hydrothermal treatment at 300??C. The onset of crystallization began within 3 h, and well-crystallized ammonium illite appeared at 24 h. Increasing reaction time (up to four weeks) led to many illite layers per crystal. In the presence of equivalent proportions of potassium and ammonium, the gel was transformed to illite with equimolar contents of K and NH4. In contrast, synthesis using glass under the same conditions resulted in a mixture of mixed-layer ammonium illite-smectite with large expandability and discrete illite. Hydrothermal treatments of the fine fractions of natural kaolinite and illite-smectite produced ammonium illite from kaolinite but the illite-smectite remained unchanged.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Sucha, V., Elsass, F., Eberl, D.D., Kuchta, L., Madejova, J., Gates, W., and Komadel, P., 1998, Hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite: American Mineralogist, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 58-67.","startPage":"58","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37a8e4b0c8380cd6105e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sucha, Vladimir","contributorId":48340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sucha","given":"Vladimir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elsass, F.","contributorId":41979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsass","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuchta, L’.","contributorId":94455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuchta","given":"L’.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Madejova, J.","contributorId":98489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madejova","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gates, W.P.","contributorId":52739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Komadel, P.","contributorId":82085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komadel","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020737,"text":"70020737 - 1998 - Geochemical and biogeochemical investigations in national parks [Badania geochemiczne i biogeochemiczne w parkach narodowych]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020737","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3200,"text":"Przeglad Geologiczny","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and biogeochemical investigations in national parks [Badania geochemiczne i biogeochemiczne w parkach narodowych]","docAbstract":"National parks hold a key position among nature protection areas including a diversity of resources - natural, cultural, recreational and scenic. These \"inviolable sanctuaries\" are simultaneosuly ecologic knots and pristine nature refuges due to the presence of a number of unique plant and animal species. These species make up a natural gene bank. Classically, the level of biologic degradation in national parks is determined on the basis of qualitative and quantitative studies of plant bioindicators. Their scope encompasses phytosociologic survey the purpose of which is to identify floral assemblages with a detailed list of species to record future changes in their number. The best biomonitors of air quality are epiphytic lichens, ground mosses and conifers. Geochemical and biogeochemical investigations are widely performed in the U.S.A. to evaluate the degree of pollution in the nature protection areas including national parks (Gough et al., 1988a, b; Crock et al., 1992a, 1993; Jackson et al., 1995). Variability of element concentrations in soils and plants is assessed by using unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA). It enables obtaining important statistical information with a minimum number of samples. In some cases a combined grid and barbell sampling design is applied (Jackson et al., 1995). In specific mountainous parks a method of 2-3 transects parallel to the extent of range (crest) is recommended. To determine the impact of a single pollution source on a given park, traverse sampling beginning near the emitter is used (Crock et al., 1992, 1993). The obtained results are a \"snapshot\" of chemical composition of soils and plant bioindicators that can be a reference for any future changes in the concentration level of chemical elements and organics. In addition, baseline element and organics composition of the media mentioned above can be compared with that obtained for geochemical atlases of polluted urban and industrial areas. Geochemical and biogeochemical investigations are also used for determining natural or anthropogenic sources of pollution. The best way to trace them is sulfur isotopes (Jackson et al., 1996).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Przeglad Geologiczny","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Polish","issn":"00332151","usgsCitation":"Migaszewski, Z., Lamothe, P.J., and Crock, J., 1998, Geochemical and biogeochemical investigations in national parks [Badania geochemiczne i biogeochemiczne w parkach narodowych]: Przeglad Geologiczny, v. 46, no. 3, p. 240-244.","startPage":"240","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15bae4b0c8380cd54f16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Migaszewski, Z.M.","contributorId":88907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Migaszewski","given":"Z.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020217,"text":"70020217 - 1998 - Measurement of stream channel habitat using sonar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:27:30","indexId":"70020217","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of stream channel habitat using sonar","docAbstract":"<p><span>An efficient and low cost technique using a sonar system was evaluated for describing channel geometry and quantifying inundated area in a large river. The boat-mounted portable sonar equipment was used to record water depths and river width measurements for direct storage on a laptop computer. The field data collected from repeated traverses at a cross-section were evaluated to determine the precision of the system and field technique. Results from validation at two different sites showed average sample standard deviations (S.D.s) of 0.12 m for these complete cross-sections, with coefficient of variations of 10%. Validation using only the mid-channel river cross-section data yields an average sample S.D. of 0.05 m, with a coefficient of variation below 5%, at a stable and gauged river site using only measurements of water depths greater than 0.6 m. Accuracy of the sonar system was evaluated by comparison to traditionally surveyed transect data from a regularly gauged site. We observed an average mean squared deviation of 46.0 cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>, considering only that portion of the cross-section inundated by more than 0.6 m of water. Our procedure proved to be a reliable, accurate, safe, quick, and economic method to record river depths, discharges, bed conditions, and substratum composition necessary for stream habitat studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(1998110)14:6<511::AID-RRR517>3.0.CO;2-7","usgsCitation":"Flug, M., Seitz, H., and Scott, J., 1998, Measurement of stream channel habitat using sonar: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 14, no. 6, p. 511-517, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(1998110)14:6<511::AID-RRR517>3.0.CO;2-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"517","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5317e4b0c8380cd6c885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flug, Marshall","contributorId":102014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flug","given":"Marshall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seitz, Heather","contributorId":54189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, John","contributorId":54157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020710,"text":"70020710 - 1998 - A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 3. The Alleghany orogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-06T17:58:37.3152","indexId":"70020710","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 3. The Alleghany orogeny","docAbstract":"<p><span>The north-central Appalachians occupy a critical position within the 3000+ km-long Appalachian orogen, lying southwest of the boundary between the central and northern Appalachians (CNAB). The one-billion-year-long history of tectonic activity in eastern Laurentia includes the creation and evolution of the Appalachian orogen during the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic transformation of the orogen into a passive margin during Pangea's disassembly. A most important ingredient in the evolution of the orogen was the Alleghany orogeny, which was driven by the convergence and collision between Laurentia (Laurussia) and West Gondwana (Africa). The Alleghany orogeny in the central and southern Appalachians was a decollement tectonism that involved a larger part of eastern Laurentia than had the previous three orogenies. The fundamental element was a very low-angle thrust (decollement) that originated in mid-crustal levels east of the presently-exposed Appalachians and rose westwardly to progressively higher levels in the upper crust and the supra-crustal Paleozoic section. Alleghany deformation was widely developed in the hanging-wall block (allochthon), primarily in the form of thrust faults and fold-and-thrust structures, both of which splayed upward from the basal decollement. The youngest manifestations of the Alleghany orogeny were northeast-trending strike-slip faults and dextral shear zones in the Piedmont. In the north-central Appalachians, the exposed allochthon consists of two parts: the sedimentary externides (Appalachian Plateau and Valley and Ridge provinces) and the crystalline externides (Reading Prong, Blue Ridge belt, and Piedmont province). Long, thrust-cored anticlines predominate in the sedimentary externides. A widespread layer-parallel shortening preceded the folding; it is largely coaxial with the folding but extends considerably farther to the northwest toward the craton. It is hypothesized that the folding developed in reverse order, sequentially from the northwest to the southeast. The crystalline externides are dominated by low-angle thrust faults and upright folds trending east-northeast. The first-order Valley and Ridge folds on the northwest side acted as a buttress and diverted the crystalline externides rocks north-northwestwardly, onto the topographic low area over the Anthracite region. This thrusting of the crystalline externides caused anthracitization of the coals within the Pennsylvanian rocks there. Metamorphism and magmatism were significant events during the earlier phase of the Alleghany orogeny in the southern Appalachians. Whatever magmatism and medium-to high-grade metamorphism developed in the north-central Appalachians are in the covered internides to the southeast. The Alleghany orogeny of the north-central Appalachians occurred during the Early Permian. Erosion of anticlinal crests probably began as the folds grew, with accumulation of this locally-derived sediment in the intervening synclines. A regional alluvial plain coalesced above the partially-eroded externides structures as erosion of the pre-Alleghany highland and the Alleghany hinterland mountains continued to the southeast, spreading sediment to the northwest. This erosion and northwest transport probably persisted, with diminishing intensity, throughout the remainder of the Permian and into the Mesozoic, and changed only with the beginning of crustal extension during the Late Triassic.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.298.2.131","usgsCitation":"Faill, R.T., 1998, A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 3. The Alleghany orogeny: American Journal of Science, v. 298, no. 2, p. 131-179, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.2.131.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3fee4b0c8380cd46339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faill, R. T.","contributorId":79639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faill","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020385,"text":"70020385 - 1998 - Landscape modeling for Everglades ecosystem restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:34:42","indexId":"70020385","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape modeling for Everglades ecosystem restoration","docAbstract":"<p>A major environmental restoration effort is under way that will affect the Everglades and its neighboring ecosystems in southern Florida. Ecosystem and population-level modeling is being used to help in the planning and evaluation of this restoration. The specific objective of one of these modeling approaches, the Across Trophic Level System Simulation (ATLSS), is to predict the responses of a suite of higher trophic level species to several proposed alterations in Everglades hydrology. These include several species of wading birds, the snail kite, Cape Sable seaside sparrow, Florida panther, white-tailed deer, American alligator, and American crocodile. ATLSS is an ecosystem landscape-modeling approach and uses Geographic Information System (GIS) vegetation data and existing hydrology models for South Florida to provide the basic landscape for these species. A method of pseudotopography provides estimates of water depths through time at 28 ?? 28-m resolution across the landscape of southern Florida. Hydrologic model output drives models of habitat and prey availability for the higher trophic level species. Spatially explicit, individual-based computer models simulate these species. ATLSS simulations can compare the landscape dynamic spatial pattern of the species resulting from different proposed water management strategies. Here we compare the predicted effects of one possible change in water management in South Florida with the base case of no change. Preliminary model results predict substantial differences between these alternatives in some biotic spatial patterns. ?? 1998 Springer-Verlag.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100219900006","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Gross, L., Huston, M., Wolff, W., Fleming, D.M., Comiskey, E., and Sylvester, S., 1998, Landscape modeling for Everglades ecosystem restoration: Ecosystems, v. 1, no. 1, p. 64-75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              25.095548539604252\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.95849609375,\n              25.095548539604252\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.95849609375,\n              26.007424156802212\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              26.007424156802212\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              25.095548539604252\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4416e4b0c8380cd66842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huston, M.A.","contributorId":28564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolff, W.F.","contributorId":36493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleming, D. M.","contributorId":72970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Comiskey, E.J.","contributorId":19903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comiskey","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sylvester, S.M.","contributorId":80852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylvester","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020501,"text":"70020501 - 1998 - Bacillus arsenicoselenatis, sp. nov., and Bacillus selenitireducens, sp. nov.: Two haloalkaliphiles from Mono Lake, California that respire oxyanions of selenium and arsenic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T09:09:03","indexId":"70020501","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":889,"text":"Archives of Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacillus arsenicoselenatis, sp. nov., and Bacillus selenitireducens, sp. nov.: Two haloalkaliphiles from Mono Lake, California that respire oxyanions of selenium and arsenic","docAbstract":"Two gram-positive anaerobic bacteria (strains E1H and MLS10) were isolated from the anoxic muds of Mono Lake, California, an alkaline, hypersaline, arsenic-rich water body. Both grew by dissimilatory reduction of As(V) to As(III) with the concomitant oxidation of lactate to acetate plus CO2. Bacillus arsenicoselenatis (strain E1H) is a spore-forming rod that also grew by dissimilatory reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV). Bacillus selenitireducens (strain MLS 10) is a short, non-spore-forming rod that grew by dissimilatory reduction of Se(IV) to Se(0). When the two isolates were cocultured, a complete reduction of Se(VI) to Se(0) was achieved. Both isolates are alkaliphiles and had optimal specific growth rates in the pH range of 8.5-10. Strain E1H had a salinity optimum at 60 g 1-1 NaCl, while strain MLS10 had optimal growth at lower salinities (24-60 g 1-1 NaCl). Both strains have limited abilities to grow with electron donors and acceptors other than those given above. Strain MLS10 demonstrated weak growth as a microaerophile and was also capable of fermentative growth on glucose, while strain E1H is a strict anaerobe. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the two isolates with other Bacillus spp. in the low G+C gram-positive group of bacteria.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002030050673","issn":"03028933","usgsCitation":"Switzer, B.J., Burns, B.A., Buzzelli, J., Stolz, J., and Oremland, R., 1998, Bacillus arsenicoselenatis, sp. nov., and Bacillus selenitireducens, sp. nov.: Two haloalkaliphiles from Mono Lake, California that respire oxyanions of selenium and arsenic: Archives of Microbiology, v. 171, no. 1, p. 19-30, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002030050673.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206856,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050673"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef8be4b0c8380cd4a2f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Switzer, Blum J.","contributorId":33076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"Blum","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Bindi A.","contributorId":24522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Bindi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buzzelli, J.","contributorId":33882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzzelli","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020770,"text":"70020770 - 1998 - The use of fields at night by wintering American woodcock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T11:34:16.988111","indexId":"70020770","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of fields at night by wintering American woodcock","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-container abstract-info\" data-v-6f3e0b52=\"\" data-v-f5d858dc=\"\" data-ajax=\"false\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-v-6f3e0b52=\"\"><div data-v-6f3e0b52=\"\">Because limited information is available regarding preferences for nocturnal habitat during winter, we studied use of nocturnal habitats by American woodcock (Scolopax minor) wintering in the Georgia Piedmont (1994-95). During the evening crepuscular period, woodcock on the wintering grounds move from forested to field habitats, presumably to feed, conduct courtship displays, roost, and avoid predators. We conducted crepuscular flight surveys and tracked radiomarked woodcock to compare the use of fields of different sizes (&lt;5.5 ha, 5.5-40.0 ha, &gt;40.0 ha) and types (seed tree-clearcuts, fallow-old fields, hayfields, pastures). Fields ≥5.5 ha were used more frequently than fields &lt;5.5 ha (P &lt; 0.001). Seed tree-clearcuts and fallow-old fields were more frequently used than pastures (P = 0.003). Woodcock also most frequently used fields with greater foliage volume at 0.8-2.0 m in height and a high percentage of bare soil (P &lt; 0.001). Nocturnal use of fields or forests by radiomarked woodcock did not differ among age of sex classes. However, females moved an average of 230 ± 32.1 m (x̄ ± SE) between diurnal and nocturnal locations, while males moved 525 ± 53.1 m (P = 0.085). Movements differed among moon phases (P &lt; 0.003), ranging from 579 ± 79.6 m during the new moon to 213 ± 50.5 m during the full moon. To manage habitat on the wintering grounds, seed tree-clearcuts and fallow-old fields should be created or maintained near preferred diurnal habitats.</div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802546","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Berdeen, J., and Krementz, D., 1998, The use of fields at night by wintering American woodcock: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 3, p. 939-947, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802546.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"939","endPage":"947","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb168e4b08c986b325311","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berdeen, James","contributorId":54319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berdeen","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020174,"text":"70020174 - 1998 - Method determines vuggy carbonate permeability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:21:24","indexId":"70020174","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method determines vuggy carbonate permeability","docAbstract":"<p>An improved method determines vuggy carbonate permeability on the basis of specific surface area per unit pore volume and a flow zone indicator (FZI). Comparisons of fit standard error estimates show that this approach is superior to the multivariable empirical correlations of Chilingarian, et al., and to the ANN-estimated permeabilities. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Udegbunam, E.O., 1998, Method determines vuggy carbonate permeability: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 96, no. 15, p. 41-44.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-96/issue-15/in-this-issue/production/method-determines-vuggy-carbonate-permeability.html"}],"volume":"96","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5546e4b0c8380cd6d194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udegbunam, Emmanuel O.","contributorId":48331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udegbunam","given":"Emmanuel","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021377,"text":"70021377 - 1998 - Effects of male removal on female reproductive biology in Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021377","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of male removal on female reproductive biology in Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese","docAbstract":"We studied effects of mate removal on nesting and hatching success, incubation behavior, body mass, and post-hatch dispersal distance of female Ross' (Chen rossii) and Lesser Snow Geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens) at Karrak Lake. N.W.T., Canada. Male ge and widowed and paired control females were monitored through post-hatch dispersal. Nesting and hatching success did not differ between species or treatments (widowed vs paired) and averaged 77.5 ?? 3.8% and 64.0 ?? 3.6% (??SE), respectively. Paired females spent more time with their bills tucked (23.7 ?? 3.3% vs 9.1 ?? 4.0%) and less time alert (8.6 ?? 2.9% vs 22.9 ?? 3.5%) while on nests than did widowed females. Snow widowed females (31.1 ?? 4.7%) and Ross' widowed females (20.6 ?? 6.0%) generally spent more time each day in head-up alert than did Snow paired females (7.1 ?? 3.8%). Snow paired maleS (11.8 ?? 3.8%), Ross' paired females (9.4 ?? 3.6%), and Ross' paired males (7.9 ?? 3.6%). Body mass of paired and widowed female Ross' Geese did not differ at hatch or at time of post-hatch recapture; however, mean distance recaptured from the breeding colony was greater for paired (50.9 ?? 6.1 km) than for widowed females (27.3 ?? 6.6 km). Total mass gain (276 ?? 19 g) and rate of mass gain (8.4 ?? 0.5 g/day), from hatch until post-hatch recapture (33.1 ?? 1.2 days), were similar for widowed and paired female Ross' Geese. Male removal experiments in monogamous, precocial species generally have produced few effects on female nesting success or incubation behavior. We suggest that male parental care in arctic-nesting geese is more critical during laying and the post-hatch period than during incubation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Leschack, C., Afton, A., and Alisauskas, R., 1998, Effects of male removal on female reproductive biology in Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 110, no. 1, p. 56-64.","startPage":"56","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a074de4b0c8380cd51635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leschack, C.R.","contributorId":77319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leschack","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020415,"text":"70020415 - 1998 - Genetic features of petroleum systems in rift basins of eastern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70020415","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic features of petroleum systems in rift basins of eastern China","docAbstract":"Most oil-bearing basins in eastern China are Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental rifts which have played a habitat for oil and gas in China. Investigation of the petroleum systems may give a better understanding of the oil and gas habitats in these basins. Of the essential elements of the petroleum system, the source rock is the most important in rift basins. However, rift tectonic evolution controls all the essential elements and processes nevessary for a petroleum system. A four stage evolution model is suggested for the controls in the rift basin. A rift basin may consist of sub-basins, depressions, sub-depressions, and major, moderate, and minor uplifts. A depression or sub-depression has its own depocentre (mainly occupied by source rock) and all kinds of lacustrine sediments, and thus has all the essential elements of a petroleum system. However, only those depressions or sub-depressions which are rich in organic matter and deeply buried to generate oil and gas form petroleum systems. Immature oil, another characteristic, complicates the petroleum system in the rift basins. Three types of oil and gas habitats are described as a result of this analysis of the petroleum systems of the 26 largest oil and gas fields discovered in eastern China rift basins: uplifts between oil source centres are the most prospective areas for oil and gas accumulations, slopes connecting oil source centres and uplifts are the second, and the third type is subtle traps in the soil source centre.Most oil-bearing basins in eastern China are Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental rifts which have played a habitat for oil and gas in China. Investigation of the petroleum systems may give a better understanding of the oil and gas habitats in these basins. Of the essential elements of the petroleum system, the source rock is the most important in rift basins. However, rift tectonic evolution controls all the essential elements and processes necessary for a petroleum system. A four stage evolution model is suggested for the controls in the rift basin. A rift basin may consist of sub-basins, depressions, sub-depressions, and major, moderate, and minor uplifts. A depression or sub-depression has its own depocentre (mainly occupied by source rock) and all kinds of lacustrine sediments, and thus has all the essential elements of a petroleum system. However, only those depressions or sub-depressions which are rich in organic matter and deeply buried to generate oil and gas form petroleum systems. Immature oil, another characteristic, complicates the petroleum system in the rift basins. Three types of oil and gas habitats are described as a result of this analysis of the petroleum systems of the 26 largest oil and gas fields discovered in eastern China rift basins: uplifts between oil source centres are the most prospective areas for oil and gas accumulations, slopes connecting oil source centres and uplifts are the second, and the third type is subtle traps in the oil source centre.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0264-8172(98)00017-8","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Qiang, J., and McCabe, P., 1998, Genetic features of petroleum systems in rift basins of eastern China: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 15, no. 4, p. 343-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(98)00017-8.","startPage":"343","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(98)00017-8"},{"id":230980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1578e4b0c8380cd54e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qiang, J.","contributorId":11372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, P.J.","contributorId":57608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020674,"text":"70020674 - 1998 - Nonpoint sources of volatile organic compounds in urban areas - Relative importance of land surfaces and air","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70020674","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonpoint sources of volatile organic compounds in urban areas - Relative importance of land surfaces and air","docAbstract":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly detected in urban waters across the United States include gasoline-related compounds (e.g. toluene, xylene) and chlorinated compounds (e.g. chloroform, tetrachloroethane [PCE], trichloroethene [TCE]). Statistical analysis of observational data and results of modeling the partitioning of VOCs between air and water suggest that urban land surfaces are the primary nonpoint source of most VOCs. Urban air is a secondary nonpoint source, but could be an important source of the gasoline oxygenate methyl-tert butyl ether (MTBE). Surface waters in urban areas would most effectively be protected by controlling land-surface sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00048-7","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., and Bender, D., 1998, Nonpoint sources of volatile organic compounds in urban areas - Relative importance of land surfaces and air: Environmental Pollution, v. 101, no. 2, p. 221-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00048-7.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206841,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00048-7"},{"id":230915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67a7e4b0c8380cd73427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, T. J.","contributorId":9631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, D.A.","contributorId":49537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020824,"text":"70020824 - 1998 - Forage site selection by lesser snow geese during autumn staging on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:23:59","indexId":"70020824","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forage site selection by lesser snow geese during autumn staging on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lesser snow geese (</span><i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>) of the Western Canadian Arctic Population feed intensively for 2-4 weeks on the coastal plain of the Beaufort Sea in Canada and Alaska at the beginning of their autumn migration. Petroleum leasing proposed for the Alaskan portion of the staging area on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) could affect staging habitats and their use by geese. Therefore we studied availability, distribution, and use by snow geese of tall and russett cotton-grass (</span><i>Eriophorum angustifolium</i><span> and </span><i>E. russeolum</i><span>, respectively) feeding habitats on the ANWR. We studied selection of feeding habitats at 3 spatial scales (feeding sites [0.06 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>], feeding patches [ca. 100 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>], and feeding areas [&gt;1 ha]) during 1990-93. We used logistic regression analysis to discriminate differences in soil moisture and vegetation between 1,548 feeding sites where snow geese exploited individual cotton-grass plants and 1,143 unexploited sites at 61 feeding patches in 1990. Feeding likelihood increased with greater soil moisture and decreased where nonforage species were present. We tested the logistic regression model in 1991 by releasing human-imprinted snow geese into 4 10 × 20-m enclosed plots where plant communities had been mapped, habitats sampled, and feeding probabilities calculated. Geese selected more feeding sites per square meter in areas of predicted high quality feeding habitat (feeding probability ≥ 0.6) than in medium (feeding probability = 0.3-0.59) or poor (feeding probability &lt; 0.3) quality habitat (P &lt; 0.0001). Geese increasingly used medium quality areas and spent more time feeding as trials progressed and forage was presumably reduced in high quality habitats. We examined relationships between underground biomass of plants, feeding probability, and surface microrelief at 474 0.06- m</span><sup>2</sup><span> sites in 20 thermokarst pits in 1992. Feeding probability was correlated with the percentage of underground biomass composed of cotton-grass (r = 0.56). Feeding probability and relative availability of cotton-grass forage were highest in flooded soils along the ecotone of flooded and upland habitats. In 1992, we also used the logistic regression model to estimate availability of high quality feeding sites on 192 80 × 90-m plots that were randomly located on 24 study areas. A mean of 1.6% of the area sampled in each plot was classified as high quality feeding habitat at 23 of the study areas. Relative availability of high quality sites was highest in troughs, thermokarst pits, and water tracks because saturated soils in those microreliefs were dominated by cotton-grass. Relative availability of high quality sites was lower in saturated soils of basins (low-centered polygons, wet meadows, and strangmoor) because that microrelief was dominated by </span><i>Carex</i><span> spp. Most (63%) of the saturated area on the ANWR coastal plain was in basins. We examined distribution of feeding patches relative to microrelief in 49 snow goose feeding areas in 1993. Only 2.5% of the tundra in each feeding area was exploited by snow geese. Snow geese preferentially fed in thermokarst pits, water tracks, and troughs, and avoided basins and uplands. Feeding areas had more thermokarst pit but less basin microrelief than adjacent randomly-selected areas. Thermokarst pits and water tracks occurred most frequently in regions of the coastal plain where geese were observed most often during aerial surveys (1982-93). Microrelief influenced selection of feeding patches and feeding areas and may have affected snow goose distribution on the ANWR. Potential feeding patches were widely distributed but composed a small percentage (≤2.5%) of the tundra landscape and were highly interspersed with less suitable habitat. The Western Canadian Arctic Population probably used a large staging area on the Beaufort Sea coastal plain because snow geese exploited a spatially and temporally heterogeneous resource.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"00840173","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., and Robertson, D.G., 1998, Forage site selection by lesser snow geese during autumn staging on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: Wildlife Monographs, v. 138, p. 1-40.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"138","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12f2e4b0c8380cd5446a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021338,"text":"70021338 - 1998 - Invasion, impacts and selective chemical control measures for sea lamprey in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021338","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Invasion, impacts and selective chemical control measures for sea lamprey in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Controlled Release Society","language":"English","issn":"10220178","usgsCitation":"Bills, T., 1998, Invasion, impacts and selective chemical control measures for sea lamprey in the Great Lakes, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Controlled Release Society, no. 25, p. 285-286.","startPage":"285","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e1fe4b0c8380cd63b0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020268,"text":"70020268 - 1998 - Communicating with congress: Part II. Contacting the beast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020268","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Communicating with congress: Part II. Contacting the beast","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Briskey, J., 1998, Communicating with congress: Part II. Contacting the beast: Geotimes, v. 43, no. 1, p. 21-24.","startPage":"21","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f805e4b0c8380cd4ce25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briskey, J.A.","contributorId":27132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskey","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020808,"text":"70020808 - 1998 - Breeding-season food habits of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in southwestern Dominican Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70020808","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding-season food habits of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in southwestern Dominican Republic","docAbstract":"Diet data from 20 Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) nests were collected in southwestern Dominican Republic in 1976, 1982, and 1996. Invertebrates (53.3%) comprised the most numerous prey items (N = 396) delivered to nests by adult owls, but vertebrates (46.7%) were much better represented than in other studies of Burrowing Owl diet. Among vertebrates, birds (28.3% of all items) and reptiles (14.9%) were most important, whereas mammals (1.0%) and amphibians (2.5%) were less commonly delivered to nests. Vertebrates, however, comprised more than twice (69.2%) of the total biomass as invertebrates (30.8%), with birds (50.4%) and reptiles (12.8%) the most important of the vertebrate prey classes. A positive relationship was observed between bird species abundance and number of individuals taken as prey by Burrowing Owls.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.W., 1998, Breeding-season food habits of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in southwestern Dominican Republic: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 241-245.","startPage":"241","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f278e4b0c8380cd4b1c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J. W.","contributorId":51399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020483,"text":"70020483 - 1998 - 2,3,6-/3,4,5-Trimethyl substituted diaryl carotenoid derivatives (Chlorobiaceae) in petroleums of the Belarussian Pripyat River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020483","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"2,3,6-/3,4,5-Trimethyl substituted diaryl carotenoid derivatives (Chlorobiaceae) in petroleums of the Belarussian Pripyat River Basin","docAbstract":"Degradation products of the 2,3,6-/3,4,5-trimethyl substituted analog of isorenieratene were characterized in Belarussian petroleums. Devonian oils of low maturity were found to contain high concentrations (e.g., 35 mg/g) of C40 diaryl isoprenoids (2,3,6-/3,4,5-trimethyl substitution) along with an abundance of maturation-related compounds. A maturation scheme for diaryl carotenoid (2,3,6-/3,4,5-trimethyl substitution) precursors was proposed. Diaryl isoprenoids and aryl isoprenoid (2,3,6- and 3,4,5-trimethyl substitutions) contents were found to decrease as a function of maturity. Maturity parameters based on (i) the ratio of two specific C15 aryl isoprenoids and (ii) the ratio of C15 (2,3,6) aryl isoprenoids to C40 diaryl isoprenoids (2,3,6-/3,4,5) were proposed.Degradation products of the 2,3,6-/3,4,5-trimethyl substituted analog of isorenieratene were characterized in Belarussian petroleums. Devonian oils of low maturity were found to contain high concentrations (e.g., 35 mg/g) of C40 diaryl isoprenoids (2,3,6-/3,4,5-trimethyl substitution) along with an abundance of maturation-related compounds. A maturation scheme for diaryl carotenoid (2,3,6-/3,4,5-trimethyl substitution) precursors was proposed. Diaryl isoprenoids and aryl isoprenoid (2,3,6- and 3,4,5-trimethyl substitutions) contents were found to decrease as a function of maturity. Maturity parameters based on (i) the ratio of two specific C15 aryl isoprenoids and (ii) the ratio of C15 (2,3,6) aryl isoprenoids to C40 diaryl isoprenoids (2,3,6-/3,4,5) were proposed.","largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 18th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"22 September 1997 through 26 September 1997","conferenceLocation":"Maastricht, Neth","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00086-2","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Clifford, D., Clayton, J., and Sinninghe, D.J., 1998, 2,3,6-/3,4,5-Trimethyl substituted diaryl carotenoid derivatives (Chlorobiaceae) in petroleums of the Belarussian Pripyat River Basin, <i>in</i> Organic Geochemistry, v. 29, no. 5-7 -7 pt 2, Maastricht, Neth, 22 September 1997 through 26 September 1997, p. 1253-1267, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00086-2.","startPage":"1253","endPage":"1267","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206940,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00086-2"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5-7 -7 pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e243e4b0c8380cd45a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifford, D.J.","contributorId":72972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, J.L.","contributorId":76767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sinninghe, Damste J.S.","contributorId":35484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinninghe","given":"Damste","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020469,"text":"70020469 - 1998 - A king-sized theropod coprolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020469","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A king-sized theropod coprolite","docAbstract":"Fossil faeces (coprolites) provide unique trophic perspectives on ancient ecosystems. Yet, although thousands of coprolites have been discovered, specimens that can be unequivocally attributed to carnivorous dinosaurs are almost unknown. A few fossil faeces have been ascribed to herbivorous dinosaurs, but it is more difficult to identify coprolites produced by theropods because other carnivorous taxa coexisted with dinosaurs and most faeces are taxonomically ambiguous. Thus sizeable (up to 20 cm long and 10 cm wide) phosphatic coprolites from Belgium and India that have been attributed to dinosaurs might have been produced by contemporaneous crocodylians or fish. But there is no ambiguity about the theropod origin of the Cretaceous coprolite we report here. This specimen is more than twice as large as any previously reported carnivore coprolite, and its great size and temporal and geographic context indicate that it was produced by a tyrannosaur, most likely Tyrannosaurus rex. The specimen contains a high proportion (30-50%) of bone fragments, an it rare tangible evidence of theropod diet and digestive processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/31461","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Chin, K., Tokaryk, T., Erickson, G., and Calk, L.C., 1998, A king-sized theropod coprolite: Nature, v. 393, no. 6686, p. 680-682, https://doi.org/10.1038/31461.","startPage":"680","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/31461"},{"id":231141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"393","issue":"6686","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42de4b0c8380cd46480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, K.","contributorId":58418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tokaryk, T.T.","contributorId":63986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokaryk","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, G.M.","contributorId":11376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calk, L. C.","contributorId":54261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calk","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020818,"text":"70020818 - 1998 - Oxygen and hydrogen isotope systematics of Lake Baikal, Siberia: Implications for paleoclimate studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70020818","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen and hydrogen isotope systematics of Lake Baikal, Siberia: Implications for paleoclimate studies","docAbstract":"We interpret oxygen and hydrogen isotope data for water samples from Lake Baikal, Siberia, its tributaries and other local rivers, and local precipitation in terms of the known water budget for the modem lake in order to gain insight into past limnological and climatic processes that influenced the lake. Lake Baikal is remarkably uniform in its isotopic composition (??18O = -15.8 ?? 0.2???; ??D = -123 ?? 2???) and lies slightly to the right of the global meteoric water line, which suggests significant evaporation. Water is supplied to the lake by over 300 rivers and streams. The oxygen isotope values (??18O) of the rivers in the Baikal catchment range from -13.4 to -21.2???. The hydrogen isotope values (??D) for the same area range from -103 to -156???. Both these ranges generally conform to the global meteoric water line. The weighted average isotopic composition of input to the lake (rivers plus precipitation) is -15.2??? for ??18O and -116??? for ??D, values higher than those of the modem lake. Therefore, the isotopic composition of the modem lake cannot be related to the modem input through simple evaporation. Instead, modeling of the isotopic mass balance of the lake suggests that inputs (precipitation and influx from rivers) and outputs (evaporation and outflow) are not at a steady-state equilibrium under current climate conditions. We found previous input to the lake had lower ??18O and ??D values than modem input, which reflects cooler climates in the past compared with modern conditions. Under constant climate conditions, steady-state conditions are not expected to be reached by the lake for at least 700 yr because of its large size and the long residence time of water in the lake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., and Shanks, W.C., 1998, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope systematics of Lake Baikal, Siberia: Implications for paleoclimate studies: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1251-1261.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1261","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7281e4b0c8380cd76b33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014934,"text":"1014934 - 1998 - A comparison of triploid induction validation techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T15:32:20.143996","indexId":"1014934","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of triploid induction validation techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>Triploidy induction is a technique that allows genetic manipulation of chromosome number to control reproduction and potentially create faster‐growing animals; however, most methods for inducing polyploidy are not 100% effective. Using sunshine bass (white bass&nbsp;</span><i>Morone chrysops</i><span>&nbsp;♀ × striped bass&nbsp;</span><i>M. saxatilis</i><span>&nbsp;♂) as a model, we cross‐validated the most common verification techniques: DNA staining and fluorescence quantification with a flow cytometer, erythrocyte nuclear volume with a Coulter counter particle size analyzer, silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and cytological karyotyping. Results indicated that the electronic techniques of particle size analysis and flow cytometry were the simplest and quickest methods of validation. The major drawback of both electronic ploidy determination methods is the cost of the equipment required for analysis. Cytological karyotyping was the most accurate method for determining polyploidy because actual chromosome numbers were determined. It was also the most time‐consuming, tedious, and frustrating of the techniques, which reduces its applicability in mass screening of fish. Silver staining was the least expensive technique used for verifying a nominal number of fish, but it was also the most suspect because the NORs were sometimes difficult to detect, and there were conflicting results in older fish. All techniques demand a certain technical competence that can either be self‐taught or requires extramural training.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060%3C0221:ACOTIV%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harrell, R., Van Heukelem, W., and Kerby, J., 1998, A comparison of triploid induction validation techniques: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 60, no. 3, p. 221-226, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060%3C0221:ACOTIV%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrell, R.M.","contributorId":32471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrell","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Heukelem, W.","contributorId":46902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Heukelem","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerby, J.H.","contributorId":71500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerby","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020352,"text":"70020352 - 1998 - Development and testing of a compartmentalized reaction network model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:03:26","indexId":"70020352","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and testing of a compartmentalized reaction network model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>The work reported here is the first part of a larger effort focused on efficient numerical simulation of redox zone development in contaminated aquifers. The sequential use of various electron acceptors, which is governed by the energy yield of each reaction, gives rise to redox zones. The large difference in energy yields between the various redox reactions leads to systems of equations that are extremely ill-conditioned. These equations are very difficult to solve, especially in the context of coupled fluid flow, solute transport, and geochemical simulations. We have developed a general, rational method to solve such systems where we focus on the dominant reactions, compartmentalizing them in a manner that is analogous to the redox zones that are often observed in the field. The compartmentalized approach allows us to easily solve a complex geochemical system as a function of time and energy yield, laying the foundation for our ongoing work in which we couple the reaction network, for the development of redox zones, to a model of subsurface fluid flow and solute transport. Our method (1) solves the numerical system without evoking a redox parameter, (2) improves the numerical stability of redox systems by choosing which compartment and thus which reaction network to use based upon the concentration ratios of key constituents, (3) simulates the development of redox zones as a function of time without the use of inhibition factors or switching functions, and (4) can reduce the number of transport equations that need to be solved in space and time. We show through the use of various model performance evaluation statistics that the appropriate compartment choice under different geochemical conditions leads to numerical solutions without significant error. The compartmentalized approach described here facilitates the next phase of this effort where we couple the redox zone reaction network to models of fluid flow and solute transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00485","usgsCitation":"Abrams , R., Loague, K., and Kent, D.B., 1998, Development and testing of a compartmentalized reaction network model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1531-1541, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00485.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1531","endPage":"1541","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr00485","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0027e4b0c8380cd4f5f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abrams , Robert H.","contributorId":189399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrams ","given":"Robert H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loague, Keith","contributorId":178119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loague","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020880,"text":"70020880 - 1998 - Effect of cable capacitance on in-situ borehole geophone calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T12:37:17.368359","indexId":"70020880","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of cable capacitance on in-situ borehole geophone calibration","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-sm-8 col-md-8 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Using 2-Hz electromagnetic moving‐coil geophones as sensing elements, we have constructed and deployed three‐component seismometers in boreholes at various sites for wave‐propagation studies associated with earthquake hazards (Liu et al., 1991). For example, one such seismometer has been deployed in a 88-m deep borehole reaching bedrock in the Marina District of San Francisco since 1990 (Liu et al., 1992) for the purpose of comparing ground motions in the bedrock and those at the surface. Periodic calibrations for such geophones are necessary to check if the geophone parameters have changed because of decreased magnetization of the geophone ferro‐magnet. For example, the coil transductance of the vertical‐component geophone of the borehole seismometer mentioned above was calibrated to be 121 V-s/m using phase‐ellipse test and step test before deployment. Sixty six months after the deployment, the coil transductance, when calibrated in situ and with a 100-m intervening cable between the geophone and the calibration instrument, was found to be 114 V-s/m.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1444312","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Liu, H.P., and Warrick, R., 1998, Effect of cable capacitance on in-situ borehole geophone calibration: Geophysics, v. 63, no. 1, p. 18-24, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444312.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c5e4b0c8380cd50f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Huaibao P.","contributorId":14581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Huaibao","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, R.E.","contributorId":43774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020583,"text":"70020583 - 1998 - Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020583","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt","docAbstract":"Recent work in seasonally snow covered ecosystems has identified thawed soil and high levels of heterotrophic activity throughout the winter under consistent snow cover. We performed measurements during the winter of 1994 to determine how the depth and timing of seasonal snow cover affect soil microbial populations, surface water NO3/- loss during snowmelt, and plant N availability early in the growing season. Soil under early accumulating, consistent snow cover remained thawed during most of the winter and both microbial biomass and soil inorganic N pools gradually increased under the snowpack. At the initiation of snowmelt, microbial biomass N pools increased from 3.0 to 5.9 g N m-2, concurrent with a decrease in soil inorganic N pools. During the latter stages of snowmelt, microbial biomass N pools decreased sharply without a concurrent increase in inorganic N pools or significant leaching losses. In contrast, soil under inconsistent snow cover remained frozen during most of the winter. During snowmelt, microbial biomass initially increased from 1.7 to 3.1 g N m-2 and then decreased as sites became snow-free. In contrast to smaller pool sizes, NO3/-export during snowmelt from the inconsistent snow cover sites of 1.14 (??0.511) g N m-2 was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the 0.27 (??0.16) g N m-2 exported from sites with consistent snow cover. These data suggest that microbial biomass in consistently snow-covered soil provides a significant buffer limiting the export of inorganic N to surface water during snowmelt. However, this buffer is very sensitive to changes in snowpack regime. Therefore, interannual variability in the timing and depth of snowpack accumulation may explain the year to year variability in inorganic N concentrations in surface water these ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1005947511910","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Brooks, P.D., Williams, M., and Schmidt, S., 1998, Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt: Biogeochemistry, v. 43, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005947511910.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005947511910"},{"id":231106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c0de4b0c8380cd62a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, M.W.","contributorId":15565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, S.K.","contributorId":58412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020351,"text":"70020351 - 1998 - Vulnerability of desert biological soil crusts to wind erosion: The influences of crust development, soil texture, and disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T16:15:15","indexId":"70020351","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of desert biological soil crusts to wind erosion: The influences of crust development, soil texture, and disturbance","docAbstract":"<p>Biological soil crusts, consisting of cyanobacteria, green algae, lichens, and mosses, are important in stabilizing soils in semi-arid and arid lands. Integrity of these crusts is compromised by compressional disturbances such as foot, vehicle, or livestock traffic. Using a portable wind tunnel, we found threshold friction velocities (TFVs) of undisturbed crusts well above wind forces experienced at these sites; consequently, these soils are not vulnerable to wind erosion. However, recently disturbed soils or soils with less well-developed crusts frequently experience wind speeds that exceed the stability thresholds of the crusts. Crustal biomass is concentrated in the top 3&nbsp;mm of soils. Sandblasting by wind can quickly remove this material, thereby reducing N and C inputs from these organisms. This loss can result in reduced site productivity, as well as exposure of unprotected subsurface sediments to wind and water erosion. Actions to reduce impacts to these crusts can include adjustments in type, intensity, and timing of use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jare.1998.0388","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., and Gillette, D.A., 1998, Vulnerability of desert biological soil crusts to wind erosion: The influences of crust development, soil texture, and disturbance: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 39, no. 2, p. 133-142, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1998.0388.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"142","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc37ae4b08c986b32b1da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillette, Dale A.","contributorId":14126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}