We studied understory composition in thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco)/western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands on 28 sites in western Oregon. These stands had regenerated naturally after timber harvest, 40–70 years before thinning. Commercial thinning had occurred 10–24 years previously, with 8–60% of the volume removed from below with the intent to homogenize spacing among trees. Undisturbed old-growth Douglas-fir stands were present for comparison on 18 of these sites. Total herbaceous cover was greater in thinned (25% cover) stands than in unthinned (13% cover) or old-growth (15% cover) stands. Species richness was also greater in thinned (137) than in unthinned (114) and old-growth (91) stands (P=0.05). Part of the increased richness was caused by the presence of exotic species in thinned stands, but there were also more native grass and nitrogen-fixing species in thinned stands than in unthinned or old-growth stands. Groups of species differed among stand-types. For example, the frequency of tall cordate-leaved species was greater in old-growth stands (P=0.009), but their relative cover was different only between old-growth and unthinned stands (P=0.08). Both the cover and frequency of grasses and sedges in thinned stands were greater than in unthinned or old-growth stands (P≤0.002). Ordination of shrub cover showed differences among old-growth and unthinned stands compared to thinned stands, mainly because of the amount of Gaultheria shallon Pursh and Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) Presl in heavily thinned stands. Ordination of herbaceous community data showed that there were much stronger differences among sites than among stand-types. The lack of difference among stand-types demonstrates the resiliency of herbaceous communities to disturbance associated with past and current forest management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00408-3","usgsCitation":"Bailey, J.D., Mayrsohn, C., Doescher, P.S., St. Pierre, E., and Tappeiner, J., 1998, Understory vegetation in old and young Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 112, no. 3, p. 289-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00408-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc63e4b08c986b328bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, J. D.","contributorId":66882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayrsohn, C.","contributorId":102233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayrsohn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doescher, P. S.","contributorId":38322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doescher","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"St. Pierre, Elizabeth","contributorId":14975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St. Pierre","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C.","contributorId":39751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020546,"text":"70020546 - 1998 - Pyroclastic flows generated by gravitational instability of the 1996-97 lava dome of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020546","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyroclastic flows generated by gravitational instability of the 1996-97 lava dome of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat","docAbstract":"Numerous pyroclastic flows were produced during 1996-97 by collapse of the growing andesitic lava dome at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Measured deposit volumes from these flows range from 0.2 to 9 ?? 106 m3. Flows range from discrete, single pulse events to sustained large scale dome collapse events. Flows entered the sea on the eastern and southern coasts, depositing large fans of material at the coast. Small runout distance (<1 km) flows had average flow front velocities in the order of 3-10 m/s while flow fronts of the larger runout distance flows (up to 6.5 km) advanced in the order of 15-30 m/s. Many flows were locally highly erosive. Field relations show that development of the fine grained ash cloud surge component was enhanced during the larger sustained events. Periods of elevated pyroclastic flow productivity and sustained dome collapse events are linked to pulses of high magma extrusion rates.Numerous pyroclastic flows were produced during 1996-97 by collapse of the growing andesitic lava dome at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Measured deposit volumes from these flows range from 0.2 to 9??106 m3. Flows range from discrete, single pulse events to sustained large scale dome collapse events. Flows entered the sea on the eastern and southern coasts, depositing large fans of material at the coast. Small runout distance (<1 km) flows had average flow front velocities in the order of 3-10 m/s while flow fronts of the larger runout distance flows (up to 6.5 km) advanced in the order of 15-30 m/s. Many flows were locally highly erosive. Field relations show that development of the fine grained ash cloud surge component was enhanced during the larger sustained events. Periods of elevated dome pyroclastic flow productivity and sustained collapse events are linked to pulses of high magma extrusion rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1029/98GL01510","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Cole, P., Calder, E., Druitt, T.H., Hoblitt, R., Robertson, R., Sparks, R.S., and Young, S., 1998, Pyroclastic flows generated by gravitational instability of the 1996-97 lava dome of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, no. 18, p. 3425-3428, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01510.","startPage":"3425","endPage":"3428","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479852,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98gl01510","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206897,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98GL01510"},{"id":231145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a905ce4b0c8380cd7fcb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, P.D.","contributorId":9022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calder, E.S.","contributorId":90494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calder","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":103738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, R.","contributorId":45279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sparks, R. S. J.","contributorId":46686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, S.R.","contributorId":83643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70020528,"text":"70020528 - 1998 - Analysis of coastal change in Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, using Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:22:04","indexId":"70020528","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of coastal change in Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, using Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is using Landsat imagery from the early 1970s and mid- to late 1980s/early 1990s to analyze glaciological features, compile a glacier inventory, measure surface velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and ice shelves, determine coastline change and calculate the area and volume of iceberg calving in Antarctica. Ice-surface velocities in Marie Byrd and Ellsworth Lands, West Antarctica, range from the fast-moving Thwaites, Pine Island, Land and DeVicq Glaciers to the slower-moving ice shelves. The average ice-front velocity during the time interval of Landsat imagery, for the faster-moving outlet glaciers, was 2.9 km a-1 for Thwaites Glacier, 2.4 km a-1 for Pine Island Glacier, 2.0 km a-1 for Land Glacier and 1.4 km a-1 for DeVicq Glacier. Evaluation of coastal change from the early 1970s to the early 1990s shows advance of the floating ice front in some coastal areas and recession in others, with an overall small average advance in the entire coastal study area, but no major trend towards advance or retreat. Comparison of average ice-surface velocities with changes in the ice front has yielded estimates of iceberg calving. The total iceberg calving from the Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land coasts during the study period was greater than 8500 km2 (estimated volume of about 2400 km3) or an average of about 550 km2 a-1 (more than 150 km3 a-1). Almost 70% of this discharge is contributed by Thwaites and Pine Island Glaciers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/1998AoG27-1-33-40","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Williams, R., Rosanova, C.E., Lucchitta, B.K., and Swithinbank, C., 1998, Analysis of coastal change in Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, using Landsat imagery: Annals of Glaciology, v. 27, p. 33-40, https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG27-1-33-40.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-33-40","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb0de4b0c8380cd48ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S.","contributorId":117608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosanova, Christine E.","contributorId":77239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":386557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":60145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020334,"text":"70020334 - 1998 - Re-Os ages for Archean molybdenite and pyrite, Kuittila-Kivisuo, Finland and Proterozoic molybdenite, Kabeliai, Lithuania: Testing the chronometer in a metamorphic and metasomatic setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T14:22:10","indexId":"70020334","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-Os ages for Archean molybdenite and pyrite, Kuittila-Kivisuo, Finland and Proterozoic molybdenite, Kabeliai, Lithuania: Testing the chronometer in a metamorphic and metasomatic setting","docAbstract":"Seven 187Re-187Os ages were determined for molybdenite and pyrite samples from two well-dated Precambrian intrusions in Fennoscandia to examine the sustainability of the Re-Os chronometer in a metamorphic and metasomatic setting. Using a new 187Re decay constant (1.666 x 10-11y-1) with a much improved uncertainty (±0.31%), we determined replicate Re-Os ages for molybdenite and pyrite from the Kuittila and Kivisuo prospects in easternmost Finland and for molybdenite from the Kabeliai prospect in southernmost Lithuania. These two localities contain some of the oldest and youngest plutonic activity in Fennoscandia and are associated with newly discovered economic Au mineralization (Ilomantsi, Finland) and a Cu-Mo prospect (Kabeliai, Lithuania). Two Re-Os ages for veinhosted Kabeliai molybdenite average 1486 ± 5 Ma, in excellent agreement with a 1505 ± 11 Ma U-Pb zircon age for the hosting Kabeliai granite pluton. The slightly younger age suggests the introduction of Cu-Mo mineralization by a later phase of the Kabeliai magmatic system. Mean Re-Os ages of 2778 ± 8 Ma and 2781 ± 8 Ma for Kuittila and Kivisuo molybdenites, respectively, are in reasonable agreement with a 2753 ± 5 Ma weighted mean U-Pb zircon age for hosting Kuittila tonalite. These Re-Os ages agree well with less precise ages of 2789 ± 290 Ma for a Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron and 2771 ± 75 Ma for the average of six Sm-Nd T(DM) model ages for Kuittila tonalite. Three Re-Os analyses of a single pyrite mineral separate, from the same sample of Kuittila pluton that yielded a molybdenite separate, provide individual model ages of 2710 ± 27, 2777 ± 28, and 2830 ± 28 Ma (Re = 17.4, 12.1, and 8.4 ppb, respectively), with a mean value of 2770 ± 120 Ma in agreement with the Kuittila molybdenite age. The Re and 187Os abundances in these three pyrite splits are highly correlated (r = 0.9994), and provide a 187Re-187Os isochron age of 2607 ± 47 Ma with an intercept of 21 ppt 187Os (MSWD = 1.1). It appears that the Re-Os isotopic system in pyrite has been reset on the millimeter scale and that the 21 ppt 187Os intercept reflects the in situ decay of 187Re during the ~160 to 170 m.y. interval from ~2778 Ma (time of molybdenite ± pyrite deposition) to ~2607 Ma (time of pyrite resetting). When the Re-Os data for molybdenites from the nearby Kivisuo prospect are plotted together with the Kuittila molybdenite and pyrite data, a well-constrained five-point isochron with an age of 2780 ± 8 Ma and a 187Os intercept (-2.4 ± 3.8 ppt) of essentially zero results (MSWD = 1.5). We suggest that the pyrite isochron age records a regional metamorphic and/or hydrothermal event, possibly the time of Au mineralization. A proposed Re-Os age of ~2607 Ma for Au mineralization is in good agreement with radiometric ages by other methods that address the timing of Archean Au mineralization in deposits worldwide (so-called 'late Au model'). Molybdenite, in contrast, provides a robust Re-Os chronometer, retaining its original formation age of ~2780 Ma, despite subsequent metamorphic disturbances in Archean and Proterozoic time.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s001260050153","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Stein, H.J., Sundblad, K., Markey, R., Morgan, J.W., and Motuza, G., 1998, Re-Os ages for Archean molybdenite and pyrite, Kuittila-Kivisuo, Finland and Proterozoic molybdenite, Kabeliai, Lithuania: Testing the chronometer in a metamorphic and metasomatic setting: Mineralium Deposita, v. 33, no. 4, p. 329-345, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001260050153.","startPage":"329","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206835,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050153"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9568e4b0c8380cd819c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, H. J.","contributorId":98748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sundblad, K.","contributorId":45858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundblad","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markey, R.J.","contributorId":49954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markey","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Motuza, G.","contributorId":36707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motuza","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020853,"text":"70020853 - 1998 - Needle twins and right-angled twins in minerals: comparison between experiment and theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70020853","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Needle twins and right-angled twins in minerals: comparison between experiment and theory","docAbstract":"Transformation twinning in minerals forms isolated twin walls, intesecting walls with corner junctions, and wedge-shaped twins as elements of hierarchical patterns. When cut perpendicular to the twin walls, the twins have characteristic shapes, right-angled and needle-shaped wall traces, which can be observed by transmission electron microscopy or by optical microscopy. Theoretical geometries of wall shapes recently derived for strain-related systems should hold for most displacive and order-disorder type phase transitions: 1) right-angled twins show curved junctions; 2) needle-shaped twins contain flat wall segments near the needle tip if the elastic behaviour of the mineral is dominated by its anisotroyp; 3) additional bending forces and pinning effects lead to curved walls near the junction that make the needle tip appear more blunt. Bent right-angled twins were analyzed in Gd2(MoO4)3. Linear needle tips were found in WO3, [N(CH3)4]2.ZnBr4 CrAl, BiVO4, GdBa2Cu3O7, and PbZrO. Parabolic tips occur in K2Ba(NO2)4, and GeTe whereas exponential curvatures appear in BaTiO3, KSCN, Pb3(PO4)2, CaTiO3, alkali feldspars, YBa2Cu3O7, and MnAl. The size and shape of the twin microstructure relates to its formation during the phase transition and the subsequent annealing history. The mobility of the twin walls after formation depends not only on the thermal activation but also on the structure of the wall, which may be pinned to impurities on a favorable structural site. Depinnign energies are often large compared with thermal energies for diffusion. This leads to kinetic time scales for twin coarsening that are comparable to geological time scales. Therefore, transformation twins that exhibit needle domains not only indicate that the mineral underwent a structural phase transition but also contain information about its subsequent geological history.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Salje, E., Buckley, A., Van Tendeloo, G., Ishibashi, Y., and Nord, G.L., 1998, Needle twins and right-angled twins in minerals: comparison between experiment and theory: American Mineralogist, v. 83, no. 7-8, p. 811-822.","startPage":"811","endPage":"822","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6436e4b0c8380cd72936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salje, E.K.H.","contributorId":79658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salje","given":"E.K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, A.","contributorId":83300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Tendeloo, G.","contributorId":71719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Tendeloo","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ishibashi, Y.","contributorId":53115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishibashi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nord, Gordon L. Jr.","contributorId":12498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nord","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021338,"text":"70021338 - 1998 - Invasion, impacts and selective chemical control measures for sea lamprey in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021338","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Invasion, impacts and selective chemical control measures for sea lamprey in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Controlled Release Society","language":"English","issn":"10220178","usgsCitation":"Bills, T., 1998, Invasion, impacts and selective chemical control measures for sea lamprey in the Great Lakes, in Proceedings of the Controlled Release Society, no. 25, p. 285-286.","startPage":"285","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e1fe4b0c8380cd63b0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020770,"text":"70020770 - 1998 - The use of fields at night by wintering American woodcock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T11:34:16.988111","indexId":"70020770","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of fields at night by wintering American woodcock","docAbstract":"The Cripple Creek district (653 metric tons (t) of Au) consists of Au-Te veins and disseminated gold deposits that are spatially related to alkaline igneous rocks in an Oligocene intrusive complex. Vein paragenesis includes quartz-biotite-K feldspar-fluorite-pyrite followed by base metal sulfides and telluride minerals. Disseminated deposits consist of microcrystalline native gold with pyrite that are associated with zones of pervasive adularia.New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates indicate that there was a complex magmatic and hydrothermal history. Relatively felsic rocks (tephriphonolite, trachyandesite, and phonolite) were emplaced into the complex over about 1 m.y., from 32.5 + or - 0.1 (1Sigma ) to 31.5 + or - 0.1 Ma. A younger episode of phonolite emplacement outside of the complex is indicated by an age of 30.9 + or - 0.1 Ma. Field relationships suggest that at least one episode of mafic and ultramafic dike emplacement occurred after relatively more felsic rocks and prior to the main gold mineralizing event. Only a single whole-rock date for mafic phonolite (which indicated a maximum age of 28.7 Ma) was obtained. However, constraints on the timing of mineralization are provided by paragenetically early vein minerals and K feldspar from the disseminated gold pyrite deposits. Early vein minerals (31.3 + or - 0.1-29.6 + or - 0.1 Ma) and K feldspar (29.8 + or - 0.1 Ma) from the Cresson disseminated deposit, together with potassically altered phonolite adjacent to the Pharmacist vein (28.8 and 28.2 + 0.1 Ma), suggest there was a protracted history of hydrothermal activity that began during the waning stages of phonolite and early mafic-ultramafic activity and continued, perhaps intermittently, for at least 2 m.y.Estimated whole-rock delta 18 O values of the alkaline igneous rocks range from 6.4 to 8.2 per mil. K feldspar and albite separates from igneous rocks have lead isotope compositions of 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 17.90 to 18.10, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.51 to 15.53, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.35 to 38.56. These isotopic compositions, together with major and trace element data, indicate that the phonolitic magmas probably evolved by fractional crystallization of an alkali basalt that assimilated lower crustal material. Upper crustal contamination of the magmas was not significant The 206 Pb/ 204 Pb compositions of vein galenas almost entirely overlap those of phonolites suggesting a genetic relationship between alkaline magmatism and mineralization. However, a trend toward higher 207 Pb/ 204 Pb (15.57-15.60) and a 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios (38.94-39.48) of some galenas suggests a contribution to the ore fluid from surrounding Early Proterozoic rocks, probably through leaching by mineralizing fluids. Limited stable isotope compositions of quartz, K feldspar, and biotite from this and previous studies support a largely magmatic origin for the early vein fluids.It is suggested that three features were collectively responsible for generating alkaline magmas and associated mineral deposits: (1) the timing of magmatism and mineralization, which coincided with the transition between subduction-related compression and extension related to continental rifting; (2) the location of Cripple Creek at the junction of four major Precambrian units and at the intersection of major northeast-trending regional structures with northwest-trending faults, which served as conduits for magmas and subsequent hydrothermal fluids; and (3) the complex magmatic history which included emplacement of relatively felsic magmas followed by successively more mafic magmas with time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., Romberger, S., Beaty, D., Pontius, J., Snee, L., Stein, H.J., and Thompson, T., 1998, Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 93, no. 7, p. 981-1012, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"981","endPage":"1012","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15cde4b0c8380cd54f50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romberger, S.B.","contributorId":24114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romberger","given":"S.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beaty, D.W.","contributorId":106283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaty","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pontius, J.A.","contributorId":51054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontius","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stein, H. J.","contributorId":98748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thompson, T.B.","contributorId":21231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1015839,"text":"1015839 - 1998 - Fire, vegetation, and scale: Toward optimal models for the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T10:19:06","indexId":"1015839","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire, vegetation, and scale: Toward optimal models for the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson-Leonard—an 11,000-year archeological record of hunter-gatherers in Central Texas","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Fredlund, G., and Tieszen, L., 1998, Stable carbon isotope analysis of soil organic matter, chap. of Wilson-Leonard—an 11,000-year archeological record of hunter-gatherers in Central Texas, p. 1653-1656.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1653","endPage":"1656","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15444e4b01ccd54fc5edf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Collins, M.B.","contributorId":182429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671423,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fredlund, G.","contributorId":182428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fredlund","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182212,"text":"70182212 - 1998 - Natal and breeding philopatry in a black brant, Branta bernicla nigricans, metapopulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T12:07:12","indexId":"70182212","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natal and breeding philopatry in a black brant, Branta bernicla nigricans, metapopulation","docAbstract":"We estimated natal and breeding philopatry and dispersal probabilities for a metapopulation of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) based on observations of marked birds at six breeding colonies in Alaska, 1986–1994. Both adult females and males exhibited high (>0.90) probability of philopatry to breeding colonies. Probability of natal philopatry was significantly higher for females than males. Natal dispersal of males was recorded between every pair of colonies, whereas natal dispersal of females was observed between only half of the colony pairs. We suggest that female-biased philopatry was the result of timing of pair formation and characteristics of the mating system of brant, rather than factors related to inbreeding avoidance or optimal discrepancy. Probability of natal philopatry of females increased with age but declined with year of banding. Age-related increase in natal philopatry was positively related to higher breeding probability of older females. Declines in natal philopatry with year of banding corresponded negatively to a period of increasing population density; therefore, local population density may influence the probability of nonbreeding and gene flow among colonies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1893:NABPIA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lindberg, M., Sedinger, J.S., Derksen, D.V., and Rockwell, R.F., 1998, Natal and breeding philopatry in a black brant, Branta bernicla nigricans, metapopulation: Ecology, v. 79, no. 6, p. 1893-1904, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1893:NABPIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1893","endPage":"1904","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -189.755859375,\n 56.70450561416937\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 56.70450561416937\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 74.56673621013677\n ],\n [\n -189.755859375,\n 74.56673621013677\n ],\n [\n -189.755859375,\n 56.70450561416937\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc3e4b01ccd54f8b52f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rockwell, Robert F.","contributorId":172752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6989,"text":"American Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":670000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182195,"text":"70182195 - 1998 - Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:59:25","indexId":"70182195","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1347,"text":"Crop Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers","docAbstract":"A 5-yr study was conducted on national forests in Idaho and Oregon to evaluate how doubling the seedling stocking rate of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) would relate to 5-year survival and the uniformity of distribution of seedlings in the presence of northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) damage. Either 4 or 8 seedlings were planted in 40-m2 subplots (1000 or 2000 seedlings/ha) and monitored for gopher damage. We found that the number of seedlings attacked by gophers, and consequently, the number of seedlings surviving for 5 years, were directly proportional to the stocking rate, but the consistency of seedling distribution within each site (as measured by the proportion of 40-m2 subplots with ≥ 2 surviving seedlings) did not double with stocking rate. In some situations, increasing the stocking rate should be considered as a method for overcoming pocket gopher damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00072-6","usgsCitation":"Engeman, R., Anthony, R.M., Barnes, V.G., Krupa, H.W., and Evans, J., 1998, Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers: Crop Protection, v. 17, no. 9, p. 687-690, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00072-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"690","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes National Forest, Targhee National Forest","volume":"17","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engeman, Richard M.","contributorId":39301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engeman","given":"Richard M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Richard M.","contributorId":181903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Victor G. Jr.","contributorId":95113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Victor","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35655,"text":"Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Westcliffe, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krupa, Heather W.","contributorId":181901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krupa","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12749,"text":"USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, James","contributorId":83570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":7000058,"text":"7000058 - 1998 - Building stones of our nation's capital","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"7000058","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Building stones of our nation's capital","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000058","usgsCitation":"Withington, C.F., 1998, Building stones of our nation's capital: General Interest Publication, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000058.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256839,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000058/report.pdf","size":"13127","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000058/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Withington, C. F.","contributorId":98394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withington","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003985,"text":"1003985 - 1998 - A cryopreservation method for Pasteurella multocida from wetland samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:11:35","indexId":"1003985","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cryopreservation method for Pasteurella multocida from wetland samples","docAbstract":"A cryopreservation method and improved isolation techniques for detection of Pasteurella multocida from wetland samples were developed. Wetland water samples were collected in the field, diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, final concentration 10%), and frozen at -180 C in a liquid nitrogen vapor shipper. Frozen samples were transported to the laboratory where they were subsequently thawed and processed in Pasteurella multocida selective broth (PMSB) to isolate P. multocida. This method allowed for consistent isolation of 2 to 18 organisms/ml from water seeded with known concentrations of P. multocida. The method compared favorably with the standard mouse inoculation method and allowed for preservation of the samples until they could be processed in the laboratory.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.182","usgsCitation":"Moore, M.K., Shadduck, D., Goldberg, D., and Samuel, M., 1998, A cryopreservation method for Pasteurella multocida from wetland samples: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 34, no. 1, p. 182-185, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.182.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nebraska, 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M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000788,"text":"1000788 - 1998 - Predation by ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) on fish eggs in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T00:16:23.004003","indexId":"1000788","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation by ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) on fish eggs in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) were introduced to North America in the Duluth, Minnesota—Superior, Wisconsin harbor, which is the westernmost point on the Laurentian Great Lakes. The species proliferated in the harbor and became the subject of research which has gradually revealed certain characteristics of the biology and population growth of the ruffe. In this study ruffe in Southwestern Lake Superior were found to have eaten benthic organisms and eggs of lake herring (Coregonus artedii). Overwinter predation by ruffe on eggs of lake herring and of other fall spawning Great Lakes fishes might pose a substantial new source of overwinter mortality.
The larval stage of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) is the top vertebrate predator in high-elevation fishless lakes in the North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington (U.S.A.). Although most of these high-elevation lakes were naturally fishless, trout have been stocked in many of them. We sought to determine the effects of physicochemical factors and introduced trout on abundance and behavior of A. macrodactylum larvae. Larval salamander densities were estimated by snorkeling. Snorkelers carefully searched through substrate materials within 2 m of the shoreline and recorded the number of larvae observed and if larvae were hidden in benthic substrates. Physicochemical factors were measured in each lake on the same day that snorkel surveys were conducted. In fishless lakes, larval salamander densities were positively related to total Kjeldahl-N concentration and negatively related to lake elevation. Crustacean zooplankton, especially cladocerans, were important food resources for larval A. macrodactylum. Crustacean zooplankton and cladoceran densities were positively related to total Kjeldahl-N, suggesting that increased food resources contributed to increased densities of larval A. macrodactylum. Differences in larval salamander densities between fish and fishless lakes were related to total Kjeldahl-N concentrations and the reproductive status of trout. Mean larval salamander densities for fishless lakes with total Kjeldahl-N < 0.045 mg/L were not significantly different from mean larval densities in lakes with reproducing trout or in lakes with nonreproducing trout. In fishless lakes with total Kjeldahl-N ≥ 0.045 mg/L, however, mean larval densities were significantly higher than in lakes with reproducing trout where fish reached high densities. In fishless lakes with total Kjeldahl-N ≥ 0.095 mg/L, mean larval densities were significantly higher than in lakes with nonreproducing trout where trout fry were stocked at low densities. Reduced larval salamander densities in lakes with trout likely resulted from trout predation. There were no significant differences in the percentage of larvae hidden in benthic substrates between fishless lakes and lakes with fish. Our results imply that assessment of the effects of fish on amphibians requires an understanding of natural abiotic and biotic factors and processes influencing amphibian distribution and abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96274.x","usgsCitation":"Tyler, T., Liss, W., Ganio, L., Larson, G.L., Hoffman, R.L., Deimling, E., and Lomnicky, G., 1998, Interaction between introduced trout and larval salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in high-elevation lakes: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 94-105, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96274.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, Lake Chelan National Recreation Area, North Cascades National Park, North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Ross Lake National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.98223998609637,\n 47.781162363433936\n ],\n [\n -119.55986912910929,\n 48.357397032275884\n ],\n [\n -119.636130533843,\n 49.00036382830257\n ],\n [\n -122.22901829479221,\n 49.004212265583874\n ],\n [\n -122.52819765182498,\n 48.74957725619953\n ],\n [\n -122.52819765182498,\n 48.629528404125864\n ],\n [\n -122.393273628065,\n 48.5480423425023\n ],\n [\n -122.26421586620783,\n 48.551925610880886\n ],\n [\n -122.1703556757663,\n 48.25594753861782\n ],\n [\n -122.04129791390915,\n 48.09164147639842\n ],\n [\n -121.70105472355826,\n 47.859940939174805\n ],\n [\n -121.39600910462299,\n 47.706211975968756\n ],\n [\n -121.14375984281152,\n 47.71410657248495\n ],\n [\n -121.03230086666181,\n 47.781162363433936\n ],\n [\n -120.78005160484997,\n 47.75750547827133\n ],\n [\n -120.70379020011626,\n 47.57973577026439\n ],\n [\n -120.32834943835009,\n 47.44898640447991\n ],\n [\n -120.14062905746667,\n 47.72989217798613\n ],\n [\n -119.98223998609637,\n 47.781162363433936\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0da3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyler, T.","contributorId":62978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liss, W.J.","contributorId":75887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ganio, L.","contributorId":63773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganio","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deimling, E.","contributorId":48522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deimling","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lomnicky, G.A.","contributorId":37697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lomnicky","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1015845,"text":"1015845 - 1998 - Winter range expansion by the northern Yellowstone elk herd","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1015845","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2014,"text":"Intermountain Journal of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter range expansion by the northern Yellowstone elk herd","docAbstract":"Your next big-game bag may be a record breaker -- so check it against the 21 weight charts given by these expert technicians.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Intermountain Journal of Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lemke, T.O., and Mack, J., 1998, Winter range expansion by the northern Yellowstone elk herd: Intermountain Journal of Sciences, v. 4, no. 1/2, p. 1-8.","productDescription":"p. 1-8","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, Thomas O.","contributorId":11176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, J.A.","contributorId":77108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015826,"text":"1015826 - 1998 - Assessing relative abundance and reproductive success of shrubsteppe raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"1015826","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing relative abundance and reproductive success of shrubsteppe raptors","docAbstract":"From 1991-1994, we quantified relative abundance and reproductive success of\r\nthe Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Burrowing Owl\r\n(Speotytoc unicularia), and Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) on the shrubsteppe plateaus\r\n(benchlands) in and near the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in\r\nsouthwestern Idaho. To assess relative abundance, we searched randomly selected plots using\r\nfour sampling methods: point counts, line transects, and quadrats of two sizes. On a persampling-effort basis, transects were slightly more effective than point counts and quadrats\r\nfor locating raptor nests (3.4 pairs detected/100 h of effort vs. 2.2-3.1 pairs). Random sampling using quadrats failed to detect a Short-eared Owl population increase from 1993 to\r\n1994. To evaluate nesting success, we tried to determine reproductive outcome for all nesting\r\nattempts located during random, historical, and incidental nest searches. We compared nesting\r\nsuccess estimates based on all nesting attempts, on attempts found during incubation,\r\nand the Mayfield model. Most pairs used to evaluate success were pairs found incidentally.\r\nVisits to historical nesting areas yielded the highest number of pairs per sampling effort\r\n(14.6/100 h), but reoccupancy rates for most species decreased through time. Estimates\r\nbased on all attempts had the highest sample sizes but probably overestimated success for\r\nall species except the Ferruginous Hawk. Estimates of success based on nesting attempts\r\nfound during incubation had the lowest sample sizes. All three methods yielded biased nesting\r\nsnccess estimates for the Northern Harrier and Short-eared Owl. The estimate based on\r\npairs found during incubation probably provided the least biased estimate for the Burrowing\r\nOwl. Assessments of nesting success were hindered by difficulties in confirming egg laying\r\nand nesting success for all species except the Ferruginous hawk.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"This product was produced from the BLM/IDARNG Research Project (Snake River FS)","usgsCitation":"Lehman, R.N., Carpenter, L., Steenhof, K., and Kochert, M.N., 1998, Assessing relative abundance and reproductive success of shrubsteppe raptors: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 244-256.","productDescription":"p. 244-256","startPage":"244","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, Robert N.","contributorId":47746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, L.B.","contributorId":49317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015821,"text":"1015821 - 1998 - Variability of Secchi disk readings in an exceptionally clear and deep caldera lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:42","indexId":"1015821","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":883,"text":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of Secchi disk readings in an exceptionally clear and deep caldera lake","docAbstract":"SUMMARY: The Peromyscus leucopus on a 17-acre study area were live-trapped, marked, and released over a seven-day period. On the three following nights intensive snap-trapping was done on the central acre of the study plot. The animals caught by snap traps in the central acre represented the population of the central acre and several surrounding acres. By the currently accepted methods of interpreting snap-trap data, the population per acre would be considered to be 23 adults. The live-trap data show that the true population was between six and seven adults per acre. Modern methods of live-trapping are shown to be valid for population studies. Two methods are presented for the conversion of live-trap data into per acre figures. Errors involved in the current use of snap-trap data are discussed and snap-trap methods are shown to be invalid for determining actual population numbers. It should be practical to use a snap-trap quadrant technique to obtain a relative measure or index figure for small mammal populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., and Buktenica, M., 1998, Variability of Secchi disk readings in an exceptionally clear and deep caldera lake: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, v. 141, no. 4, p. 377-388.","productDescription":"p. 377-388","startPage":"377","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buktenica, M.W.","contributorId":68263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180188,"text":"70180188 - 1998 - Radiotelemetry study of a desert tortoise population: Sand Hill Training Area, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T13:47:35","indexId":"70180188","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Radiotelemetry study of a desert tortoise population: Sand Hill Training Area, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, California","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Duda, J., and Krzysik, A., 1998, Radiotelemetry study of a desert tortoise population: Sand Hill Training Area, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, California, 75 p. .","productDescription":"75 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79fe4b0ba3b075e0607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, J.J","contributorId":177685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krzysik, A.J.","contributorId":63188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krzysik","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180199,"text":"70180199 - 1998 - Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Project review 1987-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T14:48:30","indexId":"70180199","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Project review 1987-1997","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Schrock, R., Beeman, J., Haner, P., Hans, K., Hotchkiss, J., Sauter, S., VanderKooi, S.P., Gale, W., Petrusso, P., and Maule, A., 1998, Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Project review 1987-1997.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79fe4b0ba3b075e05fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrock, R. M.","contributorId":27218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrock","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hans, K.M.","contributorId":101835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hans","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hotchkiss, J.D.","contributorId":178677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sauter, S.T.","contributorId":13203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gale, W.L.","contributorId":152438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gale","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Petrusso, P.A.","contributorId":178678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrusso","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ]}