Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., Rondorf, D., Tuell, M., and Banuch, M., 1998, Migrational characteristics of juvenile spring Chinook salmon and steelhead in Lower Granite Reservoir and tributaries, Snake River.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c7a0e4b0ba3b075e060d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tuell, M.A.","contributorId":178715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuell","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banuch, M.J.","contributorId":178716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banuch","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020171,"text":"70020171 - 1998 - Structural control of coalbed methane production in Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020171","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural control of coalbed methane production in Alabama","docAbstract":"Thin-skinned structures are distributed throughout the Alabama coalbed methane fields, and these structures affect the production of gas and water from coal-bearing strata. Extensional structures in Deerlick Creek and Cedar Cove fields include normal faults and hanging-wall rollovers, and area balancing indicates that these structures are detached in the Pottsville Formation. Compressional folds in Gurnee and Oak Grove fields, by comparison, are interpreted to be detachment folds formed above decollements at different stratigraphic levels. Patterns of gas and water production reflect the structural style of each field and further indicate that folding and faulting have affected the distribution of permeability and the overall success of coalbed methane operations. Area balancing can be an effective way to characterize coalbed methane reservoirs in structurally complex regions because it constrains structural geometry and can be used to determine the distribution of layer-parallel strain. Comparison of calculated requisite strain and borehole expansion data from calliper logs suggests that strain in coalbed methane reservoirs is predictable and can be expressed as fracturing and small-scale faulting. However, refined methodology is needed to analyze heterogeneous strain distributions in discrete bed segments. Understanding temporal variation of production patterns in areas where gas and water production are influenced by map-scale structure will further facilitate effective management of coalbed methane fields.Thin-skinned structures are distributed throughout the Alabama coalbed methane fields, and these structures affect the production of gas and water from coal-bearing strata. Extensional structures in Deerlick Creek and Cedar Cove fields include normal faults and hanging-wall rollovers, and area balancing indicates that these structures are detached in the Pottsville Formation. Compressional folds in Gurnee and Oak Grove fields, by comparison, are interpreted to be detachment folds formed above decollements at different stratigraphic levels. Patterns of gas and water production reflect the structural style of each field and further indicate that folding and faulting have affected the distribution of permeability and the overall success of coalbed methane operations. Area balancing can be an effective way to characterize coalbed methane reservoirs in structurally complex regions because it constrains structural geometry and can be used to determine the distribution of layer-parallel strain. Comparison of calculated requisite strain and borehole expansion data from calliper logs suggests that strain in coalbed methane reservoirs is predictable and can be expressed as fracturing and small-scale faulting. However, refined methodology is needed to analyze heterogeneous strain distributions in discrete bed segments. Understanding temporal variation of production patterns in areas where gas and water production are influenced by map-scale structure will further facilitate effective management of coalbed methane fields.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00034-2","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Pashin, J., and Groshong, R., 1998, Structural control of coalbed methane production in Alabama: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 89-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00034-2.","startPage":"89","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00034-2"},{"id":227870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bd6e4b08c986b31d100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groshong, R.H. Jr.","contributorId":56398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groshong","given":"R.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020170,"text":"70020170 - 1998 - The reduction of aqueous metal species on the surfaces of Fe(II)-containing oxides: The role of surface passivation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-03T17:43:19.796271","indexId":"70020170","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":612,"text":"ACS Symposium Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The reduction of aqueous metal species on the surfaces of Fe(II)-containing oxides: The role of surface passivation","docAbstract":"The reduction of aqueous transition metal species at the surfaces of Fe(II)- containing oxides has important ramifications in predicting the transport behavior in ground water aquifers. Experimental studies using mineral suspensions and electrodes demonstrate that structural Fe(II) heterogeneously reduces aqueous ferric, cupric, vanadate and chromate ions on magnetite and ilmenite surfaces. The rates of metal reduction on natural oxides is strongly dependent on the extent of surface passivation and redox conditions in the weathering environment. Synchrotron studies show that surface oxidation of Fe(II)-containing oxide minerals decreases their capacity for Cr(VI) reduction at hazardous waste disposal sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/bk-1998-0715.ch016","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Peterson, M.L., 1998, The reduction of aqueous metal species on the surfaces of Fe(II)-containing oxides: The role of surface passivation: ACS Symposium Series, v. 715, p. 323-341, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0715.ch016.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"715","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8afe4b08c986b321da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, M. L.","contributorId":49930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020169,"text":"70020169 - 1998 - Metal exposures to native populations of the caddisfly Hydropsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) determined from cytosolic and whole body metal concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T10:45:32.386053","indexId":"70020169","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal exposures to native populations of the caddisfly Hydropsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) determined from cytosolic and whole body metal concentrations","docAbstract":"Metal concentrations of the soluble fraction of the cytoplasm (cytosol) and the whole body were determined in the caddisfly Hydropsyche spp. (Trichoptera). Metal accumulation in the cytosol and the whole body were compared in samples collected along 380 kms of a contamination gradient in the Clark Fork river in four consecutive years (1992–1995), and from a contaminated tributary (Flint Creek). Samples from the contaminated sites were compared to an uncontaminated tributary (Blackfoot River). Relations between cytosolic metal concentration and cytosolic protein (used as a general biomarker of protein metabolism) also were examined in 1994 and 1995. Relative to whole body concentrations, cytosolic metal concentrations varied among metals and years. Spatial patterns in whole body and cytosolic Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations were qualitatively similar each year, and these concentrations generally corresponded to contamination levels measured in bed sediments. The proportions of metals recovered in the cytosol of ranged from 12 to 64% for Cd and Cu and from 2 to 38% for Pb. Zinc in the whole body also was consistent with contamination levels, but cytosolic Zn concentrations increased only at the highest whole body Zn concentrations. As a result, the proportion of Zn recovered in the cytosol ranged from 16 to 63% and tended to be inversely related to whole body Zn concentrations. The proportions of cytosolic metals varied significantly among years and, as a result, interannual differences in metal concentrations were greater in the cytosol than in the whole body. The results demonstrated that Hydropsyche in the river were chronically exposed to biologically available metals. Some features of this exposure were not evident from whole body concentrations. In general, protein levels did not correspond to cytosolic metal concentrations. A variety of environmental factors could interact with metal exposures to produce complex responses in protein metabolism. Systematic study will be necessary to differentiate the effects of multiple environmental stressors on organisms living in contaminated ecosystems.
Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was used as a biomarker for assessing exposure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides from irrigated agricultural waters. Carp were collected from a lake (Royal Lake) that receives most of its water from irrigation return flows and from a reference lake (Billy Clapp Lake) outside of the irrigation system. Results indicated that the mean whole-brain ChE activity of carp from Royal Lake (3.47 μmol/min/g tissue) was 34.2% less than that of carp from Billy Clapp Lake (5.27 μmol/min/g tissue) (p = 0.003). The depressed ChE activity in brain tissue of Royal Lake carp was in response to ChE-inhibiting insecticides detected in water samples in the weeks prior to tissue sampling; the most frequently detected insecticides included chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, and ethoprop. Neither sex nor size appears to be a covariable in the analysis; ChE activity was not correlated with fish length or weight in either lake and there was no significant difference in ChE activity between the two sexes within each lake. Although organophosphate and carbamate insecticides can break down rapidly in the environment, this study suggests that in agricultural regions where insecticides are applied for extended periods of the year, nontarget aquatic biota may be exposed to high levels of ChE-inhibiting insecticides for a period of several months.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900393","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Gruber, S., and Munn, M., 1998, Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in agricultural waters and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 391-396, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900393.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"396","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205971,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900393"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7087e4b0c8380cd760a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gruber, S.J.","contributorId":39347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gruber","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020151,"text":"70020151 - 1998 - Oxalate adsorption at a plagioclase (An47) surface and models for ligand-promoted dissolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70020151","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxalate adsorption at a plagioclase (An47) surface and models for ligand-promoted dissolution","docAbstract":"Previous work on adsorption of oxalate at aluminosilicate surfaces suggests that maximum adsorption occurs through a bidentate attachment of the organic ligand, at near-neutral pH. Rates of ligand-promoted dissolution are expected to be greatest at this pH as well. We tested this model by measuring oxalate adsorption on the surface of andesine (An47), in solutions of pH 3- 5 and total oxalate concentrations of 0-8 mM. Contrary to expectation, the greatest adsorption density of 24 ??mol m-2 total oxalate was observed at pH 3 and 8 mM total oxalate. Adsorption is dependent upon the activities of both oxalate (C2O42-) and bioxalate (HC2O4-) in solution and can be modeled with either a two-term Langmuir or a two-term Freundlich isotherm. A Freundlich adsorption model provided the best fit to rate data because it was not constrained to a finite number of adsorption sites, as was the Langmuir model. The two-term ligand adsorption model was incorporated into a rate model: R(tot) = k(H-)[H(ads)/+](L) + k(HOx-)[HOx(ads)/-] + k(Ox2- )[Ox2(ads)/-] where R(tot) is the net dissolution rate of the feldspar, [i(ads)] is the concentration of species i adsorbed to the surface, and k(i) is the rate constant for release of the surface complex. The model was fit to data for oxalate-promoted dissolution of andesine, resulting in estimates for the rate constants of k(HOx-) = 1.16 x 10-12, k(Ox2-) = 1.05 x 10-12, and k(H-) = 9.61 x 10-13 mol of feldspar (??mol of i) (??mol of i)-1 s-1.Previous work on adsorption of oxalate at aluminosilicate surfaces suggests that maximum adsorption occurs through a bidentate attachment of the organic ligand, at near-neutral pH. Rates of ligand-promoted dissolution are expected to be greatest at this pH as well. We tested this model by measuring oxalate adsorption on the surface of andesine (An47), in solutions of pH 3-5 and total oxalate concentrations of 0-8 mM. Contrary to expectation, the greatest adsorption density of 24 ??mol m-2 total oxalate was observed at pH 3 and 8 mM total oxalate. Adsorption is dependent upon the activities of both oxalate (C2O42-) and bioxalate (HC2O4-) in solution and can be modeled with either a two-term Langmuir or a two-term Freundlich isotherm. A Freundlich adsorption model provided the best fit to rate data because it was not constrained to a finite number of adsorption sites, as was the Langmuir model. The two-term ligand adsorption model was incorporated into a rate model: Rtot = kH(+)[Hads+]L +kHOx(-) [HOxads-]+kOx(2-) [Oxads 2-] where Rtot is the net dissolution rate of the feldspar, [iads] is the concentration of species i adsorbed to the surface, and ki is the rate constant for release of the surface complex. The model was fit to data for oxalate-promoted dissolution of andesine, resulting in estimates for the rate constants of kHOx(-) = 1.16??10-12, kOx(2-) = 1.05??10-12, and kH(+) = 9.61??10-13 mol of feldspar (??mol of i)-1 s-1.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es980258d","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Stillings, L., Drever, J., and Poulson, S., 1998, Oxalate adsorption at a plagioclase (An47) surface and models for ligand-promoted dissolution: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 19, p. 2856-2864, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980258d.","startPage":"2856","endPage":"2864","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206075,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980258d"}],"volume":"32","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a725ee4b0c8380cd76a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drever, J.I.","contributorId":58407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drever","given":"J.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poulson, S.R.","contributorId":98859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020145,"text":"70020145 - 1998 - Bayesian statistics applied to the location of the source of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:26:26.099095","indexId":"70020145","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian statistics applied to the location of the source of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy","docAbstract":"We present a method for determining the location and spatial extent of the source of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, based on a Bayesian inversion of the slowness vector derived from frequency-slowness analyses of array data. The method searches for source locations that minimize the error between the expected and observed slowness vectors. For a given set of model parameters, the conditional probability density function of slowness vectors is approximated by a Gaussian distribution of expected errors. The method is tested with synthetics using a five-layer velocity model derived for the north flank of Stromboli and a smoothed velocity model derived from a power-law approximation of the layered structure. Application to data from Stromboli allows for a detailed examination of uncertainties in source location due to experimental errors and incomplete knowledge of the Earth model. Although the solutions are not constrained in the radial direction, excellent resolution is achieved in both transverse and depth directions. Under the assumption that the horizontal extent of the source does not exceed the crater dimension, the 90% confidence region in the estimate of the explosive source location corresponds to a small volume extending from a depth of about 100 m to a maximum depth of about 300 m beneath the active vents, with a maximum likelihood source region located in the 120- to 180-m-depth interval.
Slip on the San Andreas fault was determined for three M ∼ 4.7 earthquakes using a tomographic inverse system [Beroza and Spudich, 1988] to invert seismic source time functions (STFs) from S waves. STFs were obtained by deconvolving mainshock accelerograms by those from collocated smaller earthquakes. Accelerograms were from the U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Small Aperture Array (UPSAR) and from a distributed array of digital accelerometer stations at Parkfield. Eight or nine STFs are used in each of the three inversions. STFs are typically symmetrical pulses with a duration of about 0.3–0.5 s. In the inversion, mainshock rise time was set to 0.05 s, and we allowed the rupture time to vary slightly from a constant rupture velocity of approximately 0.85β. Rupture for all three events, which are located in or close to the Middle Mountain preparation zone or box (MMB), quickly reaches a local maximum in slip and then propagates outward to peaks, ridges, or plateaus in the slip distribution. Slip for the October 20, 1992, event (located just inside the southern edge of the MMB) propagates from an initial spike north and updip along a curving ridge for about 2 km. The initial spike continued to grow in the November 14, 1993, event (located north of the October 20, 1992, event just beneath the hypocenter of the 1966 Parkfield earthquake), which shows little directivity, although there is a smaller patch of slip updip and to the south. In contrast, rupture for the December 20, 1994, event (located just south of the October 20, 1992, event) propagated north and slightly updip, creating a rough plateau in slip a few kilometers wide on a side. Directivity for this event also is to the north. Directivity for all three events points in the approximate direction of the 1966 hypocenter. Small pulses, which comprise a coda, are found on the STFs for several seconds after the initial impulsive event. Several tests based on the assumption that the average of all STFs from UPSAR for each event is an estimate of the true slip at the source suggest that the codas in the STFs are S waves from a long-duration source rather than uncorrected site response. An initiation phase is found on the array average for the November 14, 1993, and December 20, 1994, events. These precursory phases are the result of a spike in slip at the hypocenter. A value of 2.4–4 mm is obtained for Dc, the slip-weakening distance, by interpreting the initial spike as a critical patch. The few aftershocks for the October 20, 1992, event are distributed to the north and updip of the mainshock, but the November 14, 1993, event had a strong burst of aftershock activity that propagated to the north of its hypocenter at roughly the same depth. Aftershocks of the December 20, 1994, event are mostly updip. The November 14, 1993, event had the simplest slip distribution, appeared to be the most impulsive, and had the most active aftershock sequence and the greatest depth. If the eventual Parkfield earthquake initiates near the 1966 hypocenter, then the directivity of the three events studied here will have pointed to it. However, it is certainly possible that both the initiation of characteristic Parkfield shocks and the directivity of smaller events are controlled by fault properties on a larger scale such as by fault bends or jogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/97JB01797","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.P., and Spudich, P.A., 1998, Rupture characteristics of the three M ∼ 4.7 (1992-1994) Parkfield earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B1, p. 835-854, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01797.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"854","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb01797","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaecbe4b0c8380cd87210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spudich, Paul A. 0000-0002-9484-4997 spudich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-4997","contributorId":2372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"Paul","email":"spudich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020114,"text":"70020114 - 1998 - Grooved Terrain on Ganymede: First Results from Galileo High-Resolution Imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:21:36","indexId":"70020114","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grooved Terrain on Ganymede: First Results from Galileo High-Resolution Imaging","docAbstract":"High-resolution Galileo imaging has provided important insight into the origin and evolution of grooved terrain on Ganymede. The Uruk Sulcus target site was the first imaged at high resolution, and considerations of resolution, viewing geometry, low image compression, and complementary stereo imaging make this region extremely informative. Contrast variations in these low-incidence angle images are extreme and give the visual impression of topographic shading. However, photometric analysis shows that the scene must owe its character to albedo variations. A close correlation of albedo variations to topography is demonstrated by limited stereo coverage, allowing extrapolation of the observed brightness and topographic relationships to the rest of the imaged area. Distinct geological units are apparent across the region, and ridges and grooves are ubiquitous within these units. The stratigraphically lowest and most heavily cratered units (\"lineated grooved terrain\") generally show morphologies indicative of horst-and-graben-style normal faulting. The stratigraphically highest groove lanes (\"parallel ridged terrain\") exhibit ridges of roughly triangular cross section, suggesting that tilt-block-style normal faulting has shaped them. These extensional-tectonic models are supported by crosscutting relationships at the margins of groove lanes. Thus, a change in tectonic style with time is suggested in the Uruk Sulcus region, varying from horst and graben faulting for the oldest grooved terrain units to tilt block normal faulting for the latest units. The morphologies and geometries of some stratigraphically high units indicate that a strike-slip component of deformation has played an important role in shaping this region of grooved terrain. The most recent tectonic episode is interpreted as right-lateral transtension, with its tectonic pattern of two contemporaneous structural orientations superimposed on older units of grooved terrain. There is little direct evidence for cryovolcanic resurfacing in the Uruk Sulcus region; instead tectonism appears to be the dominant geological process that has shaped the terrain. A broad wavelength of deformation is indicated, corresponding to the Voyager-observed topography, and may be the result of ductile necking of the lithosphere, while a finer scale of deformation probably reflects faulting of the brittle near surface. The results here form a basis against which other Galileo grooved terrain observations can be compared.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1998.5966","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Pappalardo, R.T., Head, J.W., Collins, G.C., Kirk, R.L., Neukum, G., Oberst, J., Giese, B., Greeley, R., Chapman, C.R., Helfenstein, P., Moore, J., McEwen, A.S., Tufts, B.R., Senske, D.A., Breneman, H.H., and Klaasen, K.P., 1998, Grooved Terrain on Ganymede: First Results from Galileo High-Resolution Imaging: Icarus, v. 135, no. 1, p. 276-302, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1998.5966.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"276","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1998.5966","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ganymede","volume":"135","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a75e4b0c8380cd5b1d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pappalardo, Robert T.","contributorId":102380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappalardo","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Head, James W.","contributorId":70772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Head","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7002,"text":"Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":40512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neukum, Gerhard","contributorId":211350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neukum","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oberst, Jurgen","contributorId":147983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberst","given":"Jurgen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giese, Bernd","contributorId":211337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giese","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chapman, Clark R.","contributorId":206278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37298,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Helfenstein, Paul","contributorId":152193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helfenstein","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moore, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":102585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tufts, B. 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Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic, confirming the link between millennial-scale climate variability and ocean thermohaline circulation. It is shown here that two of the most prominent North Atlantic events - the rapid warming that makes the end of the last glacial period and the Bolling/Allerod-Younger Dryas oscillation - are also recorded in an ice core from Taylor Dome, in the western Ross Sea sector of Antarctica. This result contrasts with evidence from ice cores in other regions of Antarctica, which show an asynchronous response between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.282.5386.92","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Steig, E., Brook, E., White, J., Sucher, C., Bender, M., Lehman, S., Morse, D.L., Waddington, E., and Clow, G., 1998, Synchronous climate changes in Antarctica and the North Atlantic: Science, v. 282, no. 5386, p. 92-95, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5386.92.","startPage":"92","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206080,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5386.92"},{"id":228231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"282","issue":"5386","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba33ce4b08c986b31fc1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steig, E.J.","contributorId":100556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steig","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brook, E.J.","contributorId":23292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brook","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, J.W.C.","contributorId":43124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sucher, C.M.","contributorId":46242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sucher","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bender, M.L.","contributorId":52346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lehman, S.J.","contributorId":63975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehman","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morse, D. L.","contributorId":28024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waddington, E.D.","contributorId":36161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddington","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70184937,"text":"70184937 - 1998 - Investigating flight response of Pacific brant to helicopters at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska by using logistic regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T09:33:23","indexId":"70184937","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Investigating flight response of Pacific brant to helicopters at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska by using logistic regression","docAbstract":"Izembek Lagoon, an estuary in Alaska, is a very important staging area for Pacific brant, a small migratory goose. Each fall, nearly the entire Pacific Flyway population of 130,000 brant flies to Izembek Lagoon and feeds on eelgrass to accumulate fat reserves for nonstop transoceanic migration to wintering areas as distant as Mexico. In the past 10 years, offshore drilling activities in this area have increased, and, as a result, the air traffic in and out of the nearby Cold Bay airport has also increased. There has been a concern that this increased air traffic could affect the brant by disturbing them from their feeding and resting activities, which in turn could result in reduced energy intake and buildup. This may increase the mortality rates during their migratory journey. Because of these concerns, a study was conducted to investigate the flight response of brant to overflights of large helicopters. Response was measured on flocks during experimental overflights of large helicopters flown at varying altitudes and lateral (perpendicular) distances from the flocks. Logistic regression models were developed for predicting probability of flight response as a function of these distance variables. Results of this study may be used in the development of new FAA guidelines for aircraft near Izembek Lagoon.
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Thus, males often invest in offspring to which they are not related. Models of optimal parental investment predict that, under certain assumptions, males should lower their investment in response to reduced certainty of paternity. We attempted to reduce certainty of paternity experimentally in two species, the eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis, and the tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, by temporarily removing fertile females on two mornings during egg laying. In both species, experimental males usually attempted to copulate with the female immediately after her reappearance, suggesting that they experienced the absence of their mate as a threat to their paternity. Experimental males copulated at a significantly higher rate than control males. However, contrary to the prediction of the model, experimental males did not invest less than control males in their offspring. There was no difference between experimental and control nests in the proportion of male feeds, male and female feeding rates, nestling growth and nestling condition and size at age 14 days. We argue that females might have restored the males’ confidence in paternity after the experiment by soliciting or accepting copulations. Alternatively, males may not reduce their effort, because the fitness costs to their own offspring may outweigh the benefits for the males, at least in populations where females cannot fully compensate for reduced male investment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1997.0667","usgsCitation":"Kempenaers, B., Lanctot, R.B., and Robertson, R.J., 1998, Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in eastern bluebirds and tree swallows: Animal Behaviour, v. 55, no. 4, p. 845-860, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0667.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"860","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b8e4b072a7ac129932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Raleigh J.","contributorId":179015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Raleigh","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185240,"text":"70185240 - 1998 - Identifying and mitigating errors in satellite telemetry of polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T15:32:36","indexId":"70185240","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying and mitigating errors in satellite telemetry of polar bears","docAbstract":"Satellite radiotelemetry is a useful method of tracking movements of animals that travel long distances or inhabit remote areas. However, the logistical constraints that encourage the use of satellite telemetry also inhibit efforts to assess accuracy of the resulting data. To investigate effectiveness of methods that might be used to improve the reliability of these data, we compared 3 sets of criteria designed to select the most plausible locations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) that were tracked using satellite radiotelemetry in the Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara seas during 1988-93. We also evaluated several indices of location accuracy. Our results suggested that, although indices could provide information useful in evaluating location accuracy, no index or set of criteria was sufficient to identify all the implausible locations. Thus, it was necessary to examine the data and make subjective decisions about which locations to accept or reject. However, by using a formal set of selection criteria, we simplified the task of evaluating locations and ensured that decisions were made consistently. This approach also enabled us to evaluate biases that may be introduced by the criteria used to identify location errors. For our study, the best set of selection criteria comprised: (1) rejecting locations for which the distance to the nearest other point from the same day was >50 km; (2) determining the highest accuracy code (NLOC) for a particular day and rejecting locations from that day with lesser values; and (3) from the remaining locations for each day, selecting the location closest to the location chosen for the previous transmission period. Although our selection criteria seemed unlikely to bias studies of habitat use or geographic distribution, basing selection decisions on distances between points might bias studies of movement rates or distances. It is unlikely that any set of criteria will be best for all situations; to make efficient use of data and minimize bias, these rules must be tailored to specific study objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Arthur, S.M., Garner, G.W., and Olson, T.L., 1998, Identifying and mitigating errors in satellite telemetry of polar bears: Ursus, v. 10, p. 413-419.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"419","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol9_20","text":"Volume 10 on Journal's Website"}],"volume":"10","publicComments":"This volume is titled \"A selection of papers from the Tenth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 1995, and Mora, Sweden, September 1995.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba425e4b0849ce97dc7c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, Stephen M.","contributorId":189438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Tamara L.","contributorId":29971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003913,"text":"1003913 - 1998 - Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T09:57:31","indexId":"1003913","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":734,"text":"American Journal of Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles","docAbstract":"Objective - To identify and characterize blood cells from free-ranging Hawaiian green turtles, Chelonia mydas.
Sample Population - 26 green turtles from Puako on the island of Hawaii and Kaneohe Bay on the island of Oahu.
Procedure - Blood was examined, using light and electron microscopy and cytochemical stains that included benzidine peroxidase, chloroacetate esterase, alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, Sudan black B, periodic acid-Schiff, and toluidine blue.
Results - 6 types of WBC were identified: lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils, basophils, and eosinophils (small and large). Morphologic characteristics of mononuclear cells and most granulocytes were similar to those of cells from other reptiles except that green turtles have both large and small eosinophils.
Conclusions - Our classification of green turtle blood cells clarifies imporoper nomenclature reported previously and provides a reference for future hematologic studies in this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Veterinary Research","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Raskin, R., Balazs, G.H., and Whittaker, S., 1998, Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles: American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 59, no. 10, p. 1252-1257.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1252","endPage":"1257","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.91127395629883,\n 19.88975449735643\n ],\n [\n -155.90337753295898,\n 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R.E.","contributorId":71150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raskin","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balazs, George H.","contributorId":127680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balazs","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7109,"text":"NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI 96818.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":314639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whittaker, S.D.","contributorId":14373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittaker","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016520,"text":"1016520 - 1998 - Variability in seed dormancy of three Pacific Northwestern grasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T16:12:31","indexId":"1016520","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3371,"text":"Seed Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in seed dormancy of three Pacific Northwestern grasses","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Trade-offs between foraging and predator avoidance may affect an animal's survival and reproduction. These trade-offs may be influenced by differences in vegetative cover, especially if foraging profitability and predation risk differ among habitats. We examined above-ground activity of Townsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii) in four habitats in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in southwestern Idaho to determine if behavior of ground squirrels varied among habitats, and we assessed factors that might affect perceived predation risk (i.e. predator detectability, predation pressure, population density). The proportion of time spent in vigilance by ground squirrels in winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata) and mosaic habitats of winterfat-sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) was more than twice that of ground squirrels in burned and unburned sagebrush habitats. We found no evidence for the “many-eyes” hypothesis as an explanation for differences in vigilance among habitats. Instead, environmental heterogeneity, especially vegetation structure, likely influenced activity budgets of ground squirrels. Differences in vigilance may have been caused by differences in predator detectability and refuge availability, because ground squirrels in the winterfat and mosaic habitats also spent more time in upright vigilant postures than ground squirrels in burned-sagebrush or sagebrush habitats. Such postures may enhance predator detection in low-growing winterfat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1383098","usgsCitation":"Sharpe, P., and Van Horne, B., 1998, Influence of habitat on behavior of Towndsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 79, no. 3, p. 906-918, https://doi.org/10.2307/1383098.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"918","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharpe, Peter B.","contributorId":93451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Peter B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Horne, Beatrice","contributorId":59001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Horne","given":"Beatrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015984,"text":"1015984 - 1998 - Status of the white-faced ibis: Breeding colony dynamics of the Great Basin population, 1985-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:15:46.765953","indexId":"1015984","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the white-faced ibis: Breeding colony dynamics of the Great Basin population, 1985-1997","docAbstract":"The status of the White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) in the Great Basin is of concern because of its small population size and the limited and dynamic nature of its breeding habitat. We analyzed existing annual survey data for the White-faced Ibis breeding in the Great Basin and surrounding area for 1985-1997. Methods varied among colonies and included flight-line counts and fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter surveys. The number of White-faced Ibis breeding pairs in the Great Basin area has nearly tripled since 1985, despite years of severe flooding and drought at major breeding areas. This growth is reflected in both peripheral (i.e., Oregon, California, Idaho) and core (i.e., Nevada and Utah) components of the population. Our data on colony dynamics in Oregon and Nevada illustrate the ability of the highly nomadic White-faced Ibis to compensate for poor conditions at traditional colony sites by moving among colonies and rapidly colonizing newly available wetlands. We suggest that the White-faced Ibis would benefit from a landscape mosaic of well-distributed peripheral wetlands and persistent colony sites. The nomadic nature of the White-faced Ibis and the dynamic nature of their breeding habitat necessitates that wetland management decisions and population monitoring be conducted in a regional context.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521642","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., Neel, L., Ivey, G., and Zimmerman, T., 1998, Status of the white-faced ibis: Breeding colony dynamics of the Great Basin population, 1985-1997: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 21, no. 3, p. 301-313, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521642.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b471e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neel, L.","contributorId":89859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neel","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivey, G.L.","contributorId":51706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, T.","contributorId":15162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016022,"text":"1016022 - 1998 - Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T15:40:04","indexId":"1016022","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin","docAbstract":"Broad-scale avian surveys have been attempted within North America with mixed results. Arid regions, such as the Great Basin, are often poorly sampled because of the vastness of the region, inaccessibility of sites, and few ornithologists. In addition, extreme variability in wetland habitat conditions present special problems for conducting censuses of species inhabiting these areas. We examined these issues in assessing multi-scale shorebird (order: Charadriiformes) censuses conducted in the western Great Basin from 1992-1997. On ground surveys, we recorded 31 species of shorebirds, but were unable to accurately estimate population size. Conversely, on aerial surveys we were able to estimate regional abundance of some shorebirds, but were unable to determine species diversity. Aerial surveys of three large alkali lakes in Oregon (Goose, Summer, and Abert Lakes) revealed > 300,000 shorebirds in one year of this study, of which 67% were American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and 30% phalaropes (Phalaropus spp.). These lakes clearly meet Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network guidelines for designation as important shorebird sites. Based upon simulations of our monitoring effort and the magnitude and variation of numbers of American Avocets, detection of S-10% negative declines in populations of these birds would take a minimum of 7-23 years of comparable effort. We conclude that a combination of ground and aerial surveys must be conducted at multiple sites and years and over a large region to obtain an accurate picture of the diversity, abundance, and trends of shorebirds in the western Great Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369741","usgsCitation":"Warnock, N., Haig, S.M., and Oring, L.W., 1998, Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin: The Condor, v. 100, no. 4, p. 589-600, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369741.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"600","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oring, Lewis W.","contributorId":16757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25104,"text":"fs00798 - 1998 - Pesticides in surface waters of the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T11:19:30","indexId":"fs00798","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"007-98","title":"Pesticides in surface waters of the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the available pesticide data for surface waters in the Santee River Basin and coastal drainages (SANT) study area, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Storage and Retrieval database and data collected by the USGS in the SANT NAWQA study area were assessed. A description of the study area is followed by an estimate of pesticide application data. Detected pesticides and their reported maximum concentrations are summarized. Pesticide concentrations are compared with applicable water-quality standards. Seasonality of pesticide concentrations in surface water in the SANT NAWQA study area also is assessed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00798","usgsCitation":"Maluk, T.L., and Kelley, R.E., 1998, Pesticides in surface waters of the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 007-98, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00798.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_007_98.jpg"},{"id":268265,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0007/","text":"Report HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Santee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 31.99875937194732\n ],\n [\n -80.3265380859375,\n 32.48196313217176\n ],\n [\n -79.95574951171875,\n 32.62549671451373\n ],\n [\n -79.8431396484375,\n 32.7503226078097\n ],\n [\n -79.57122802734375,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -79.54925537109375,\n 33.01096671579776\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -79.38446044921875,\n 33.075432481213326\n ],\n [\n -79.156494140625,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -80.123291015625,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 34.1890858311724\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 34.829586636768205\n ],\n [\n -80.0079345703125,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -79.9749755859375,\n 34.99625375979014\n ],\n [\n -80.10406494140625,\n 35.20298910562885\n ],\n [\n -80.0738525390625,\n 35.31960740586162\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 35.380092992092145\n ],\n [\n -80.562744140625,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -81.683349609375,\n 36.11125252076156\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 35.505400093441324\n ],\n [\n -82.276611328125,\n 35.48751102385376\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 35.003003395276714\n ],\n [\n -83.14727783203125,\n 34.97375095431686\n ],\n [\n -83.26812744140625,\n 34.863397850419524\n ],\n [\n -83.36975097656249,\n 34.773203753940734\n ],\n [\n -83.37799072265624,\n 34.712266941280404\n ],\n [\n -83.33404541015625,\n 34.66709959253004\n ],\n [\n -83.2049560546875,\n 34.59930237746263\n ],\n [\n -83.155517578125,\n 34.56312121279482\n ],\n [\n -83.05938720703125,\n 34.48165602990584\n ],\n [\n -82.97149658203125,\n 34.474863669009004\n ],\n [\n -82.88909912109375,\n 34.45448326886294\n ],\n [\n -82.81219482421875,\n 34.338900400404995\n ],\n [\n -82.77374267578125,\n 34.268566186749894\n ],\n [\n -82.7215576171875,\n 34.134541681937364\n ],\n [\n -82.6556396484375,\n 34.02990029603907\n ],\n [\n -82.474365234375,\n 33.85673152928873\n ],\n [\n -82.28759765625,\n 33.76544869849223\n ],\n [\n -82.2271728515625,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -82.1502685546875,\n 33.58259116393916\n ],\n [\n -82.056884765625,\n 33.53223722395908\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 33.41310221370827\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 33.367237465838315\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 33.22030778968541\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 33.14675022877648\n ],\n [\n -81.529541015625,\n 33.02248191961359\n ],\n [\n -81.5350341796875,\n 32.95797741405952\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 32.87036022808352\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 32.71797709835758\n ],\n [\n -81.4471435546875,\n 32.648625783736726\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 32.59310597426537\n ],\n [\n -81.3262939453125,\n 32.55607364492026\n ],\n [\n -81.2274169921875,\n 32.47732919639942\n ],\n [\n -81.1614990234375,\n 32.319633552035214\n ],\n [\n -81.1395263671875,\n 32.23603621746476\n ],\n [\n -81.0296630859375,\n 32.08257455954592\n ],\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 31.99875937194732\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210