A conceptual model of the patterns and residence times of groundwater seepage to gaining streams indicates that groundwater seepage originates from sources that are both near and far from the stream. Consequently, the age of groundwater seepage across a stream-channel transect increases from its banks to its center and becomes progressively older with distance downstream. A groundwater flow model and particle-tracking analysis of the Cohansey River Basin in the New Jersey Coastal Plain supports this conceptual model and demonstrates that the orientation of the stream channels with respect to the regional groundwater flow direction, and the heterogeneities of the aquifer and stream-channel patterns, can shift source area locations and distributions of groundwater residence time from those expected. Groundwater samples collected from stream transects were analyzed for nitrogen, representative of widespread agricultural land use in the basin in recent decades, and for chlorofluorocarbons, used to estimate groundwater ages. The patterns of nitrogen concentration and the age of groundwater entering the stream channel corroborate model inferences. The conceptual model of groundwater seepage to streams presented herein is relevant to unconfined aquifer systems with gaining streams and demonstrates how nonpoint-source contaminants are transported to streams by groundwater. Results are useful for the design of programs needed to monitor stream-water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02472","usgsCitation":"Modica, E., Buxton, H., and Plummer, N., 1998, Evaluating the source and residence times of groundwater seepage to streams, New Jersey Coastal Plain: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 11, p. 2797-2810, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02472.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2797","endPage":"2810","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr02472","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","volume":"34","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bffe4b0c8380cd529b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Modica, E.","contributorId":69735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modica","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020579,"text":"70020579 - 1998 - Changes in production and respiration during a spring phytoplankton bloom in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Implications for net ecosystem metabolism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:52:35","indexId":"70020579","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in production and respiration during a spring phytoplankton bloom in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Implications for net ecosystem metabolism","docAbstract":"We present results of an intensive sampling program designed to measure weekly changes in ecosystem respiration (oxygen consumption in the water column and sediments) around the 1996 spring bloom in South San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Measurements were made at a shallow site (2 m, where mean photic depth was 60% of the water column height) and a deep site (15 m, mean photic depth was only 20% of the water column). We also estimated phytoplankton primary production weekly at both sites to develop estimates of net oxygen flux as the sum of pelagic production (PP), pelagic respiration (PR) and benthic respiration (BR). Over the 14 wk period from February 5 to May 14, PP ranged from 2 to 210, PR from 9 to 289, and BR from 0.1 to 48 mmol O2 m-2 d-1, illustrating large variability of estuarine oxygen fluxes at the weekly time scale. Pelagic production exceeded total respiration at the shallow site, but not at the deep site, demonstrating that the shallow domains are net autotrophic but the deep domains are net heterotrophic, even during the period of the spring bloom. If we take into account the potential primary production by benthic microalgae, the estuary as a whole is net autotrophic during spring, net heterotrophic during the nonbloom seasons, and has a balanced net metabolism over a full annual period. The seasonal shift from net autotrophy to heterotrophy during the transition from spring to summer was accompanied by a large shift from dominance by pelagic respiration to dominance by benthic respiration. This suggests that changes in net ecosystem metabolism can reflect changes in the pathways of energy flow in shallow coastal ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps172001","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Caffrey, J., Cloern, J., and Grenz, C., 1998, Changes in production and respiration during a spring phytoplankton bloom in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Implications for net ecosystem metabolism: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 172, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps172001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps172001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266006,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps172001"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f420e4b0c8380cd4bb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caffrey, J.M.","contributorId":98750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffrey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grenz, C.","contributorId":40753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grenz","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020578,"text":"70020578 - 1998 - Cadmium resistance in an oligochaete and its effect on cadmium trophic transfer to an omnivorous shrimp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-19T08:36:11","indexId":"70020578","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cadmium resistance in an oligochaete and its effect on cadmium trophic transfer to an omnivorous shrimp","docAbstract":"It has been demonstrated that the deposit-feeding oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri inhabiting Foundry Cove (FC), a severely cadmium (Cd)-contaminated cove located on the Hudson River, New York, USA, has evolved resistance to Cd. In this study we investigate how this resistance influences Cd trophic transfer from this oligochaete to the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. Cadmium-resistant worms collected from FC and nonresistant worms collected from an adjacent unpolluted site were investigated for differences in Cd tolerance, accumulation, subcellular distribution and bioavailability to shrimp. FC worms were more tolerant of Cd, surviving twice as long as worms from the unpolluted site during a toxicity bioassay. The 7 d concentration factor of Cd-resistant worms was 4 times greater than that of nonresistant worms (2020 vs 577). There were also differences between worm populations with respect to subcellular Cd distributions. Cd-resistant worms produced metallothionein-like proteins (MT) as well as metal-rich granules (MRG) for Cd storage and detoxification; nonresistant worms only produced MT. These differences in subcellular Cd distributions led to large differences in Cd bioavailability to shrimp; shrimp fed Cd-resistant worms absorbed 21% of the ingested Cd, while those fed nonresistant worms absorbed roughly 4 times that amount (~75%). These absorption efficiencies were in good agreement with the proportions of Cd bound to the worm's most biologically available subcellular fractions (i.e. the cytosol and organelles). Although Cd-resistant worms predominantly stored the toxic metal in biologically unavailable MRG, their increased accumulation of Cd would still result in substantial trophic transfer to shrimp because of the storage of Cd in the biologically available fractions. This work demonstrates that the evolution of Cd resistance can have profound implications for Cd bioavailability and cycling within aquatic ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps172225","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Wallace, W., Lopez, G., and Levinton, J., 1998, Cadmium resistance in an oligochaete and its effect on cadmium trophic transfer to an omnivorous shrimp: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 172, p. 225-237, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps172225.","startPage":"225","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps172225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266007,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps172225"}],"volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2eee4b0c8380cd4b4b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, W.G.","contributorId":55588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez, G.R.","contributorId":107445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levinton, J.S.","contributorId":97672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levinton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020932,"text":"70020932 - 1998 - Uptake of arsenic and metals by tadpoles at an historically contaminated Texas site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T17:56:47","indexId":"70020932","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake of arsenic and metals by tadpoles at an historically contaminated Texas site","docAbstract":"On 14 May 1994, tadpoles were collected from Lateral Pond and Municipal Lake in Bryan, Texas. These waters are immediately downstream from Finfeather Lake which was directly contaminated during 53 years of industrial production of arsenic (As)-based cotton defoliants. The tadpoles contained elevated levels of arsenic, chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn). As far as it is known, the mean concentrations of As (6.87 p.p.m. wet weight) and Cr (6.91 p.p.m. wet weight) in cricket frog (Acris crepitans) tadpoles were the highest ever reported in tadpoles. The Zn in the tadpoles exceeded the levels found in sediments by six to 11 times. The concentrations of As, Cr and Zn in Finfeather Lake in 1994 may have been toxic because tadpoles could not be found there. Ranid tadpoles and a newly transformed ranid frog found dead in Lateral Pond and Municipal Lake in 1994 may indicate that the elements reached toxic levels in some individual amphibians. The concentrations of As, Cr and Zn found in the tadpoles in this study might be toxic to predators. Mortality of turtles showing symptoms linked to chronic exposure to As was reported in Finfeather Lake in 1973. Turtles were not reported in Finfeather Lake again until 1996. Observations at Municipal Lake in 1994-1996 showed abundant tadpoles and turtles but no snakes, which also have not been seen at Finfeather Lake. This absence of snakes may indicate that their sensitivity or exposure to the existing contaminants is greater than that of frogs and turtles.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1023/A:1008819132474","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Cantu, R., Cowman, D., and Maxson, D., 1998, Uptake of arsenic and metals by tadpoles at an historically contaminated Texas site: Ecotoxicology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 61-67, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008819132474.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd74e4b08c986b329037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cantu, R.","contributorId":73768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowman, D.F.","contributorId":55598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowman","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxson, D.J.","contributorId":10577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020577,"text":"70020577 - 1998 - Interpretation of ages of arc magmatism, metamorphism, and collisional tectonics in the Taconian orogen of western New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T16:41:41.590831","indexId":"70020577","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of ages of arc magmatism, metamorphism, and collisional tectonics in the Taconian orogen of western New England","docAbstract":"Available geochronologic ages of volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Taconian arc complex of western New England suggest that the Shelburne Falls and Bronson Hill arcs are not temporally or spatially discrete. Arc activity ranges from earliest Ordovician to Silurian. Activity in the Early and Middle Ordovician coincided with outboard accretionary tectonics and metamorphism that was contemporaneous with the older igneous activity in the Shelburne Falls arc and Bronson Hill arcs. Activity at about 455 to 445 Ma coincides with the collisional stage of the Taconian orogeny that affected Caradocian and older rocks of the Laurentian margin. The 455 to 445 Ma range for the collisional stage of Taconian orogeny in western New England is bracketed by biostratigraphic ages of sedimentary rocks formed on the Laurentian margin and 40Ar/39Ar ages of prograde hornblende formed during Taconian metamorphism. The previous 40Ar/39Ar age estimate of 465 Ma for this collisional and metamorphic event is now known to be too old because this age violates the age of metasedimentary rocks involved in the collisional tectonics. Acceptance of the newer 40Ar/39Ar age estimates of 445 to 450 Ma for Taconian metamorphism during collision establishes the contemporaneity with arc activity in the Bronson Hill arc. Taken together these data support the concept of a long-lived volcanic arc terrane(s) that prograded oceanward. Collision with this time-composite arc terrane(s) in the Caradocian produced the Taconian orogeny rather than the collision of a separate and smaller arc called the \"Shelburne Falls arc\" by Karabinos and others (1998).","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.298.9.791","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., Hames, W., and Stanley, R.S., 1998, Interpretation of ages of arc magmatism, metamorphism, and collisional tectonics in the Taconian orogen of western New England: American Journal of Science, v. 298, no. 9, p. 791-797, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.9.791.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"797","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.9.791","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230991,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d63e4b0c8380cd63521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":386750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hames, W. E.","contributorId":47541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hames","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Rolfe S.","contributorId":62661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Rolfe","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020575,"text":"70020575 - 1998 - Meteoric sphaerosiderite lines and their use for paleohydrology and paleoclimatology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:51:43.001013","indexId":"70020575","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meteoric sphaerosiderite lines and their use for paleohydrology and paleoclimatology","docAbstract":"Sphaerosiderite, a morphologically distinct millimeter-scale spherulitic siderite (FeCO3), forms predominantly in wetland soils and sediments, and is common in the geologic record. Ancient sphaerosiderites are found in paleosol horizons within coal-bearing stratigraphic intervals and, like their modern counterparts, are interpreted as having formed in water-saturated environments. Here we report on sphaerosiderites from four different stratigraphic units, each of which has highly variable 13C and relatively stable 18C compositions. The unique isotopic trends are analogous to well-documented meteoric calcite lines, which we define here as meteoric sphaerosiderite lines. Meteoric sphaerosiderite lines provide a new means of constraining ground-water δ18O and thus allow evaluation of paleohydrology and paleoclimate in humid continental settings.
During the past 1000 years, eruptions of Vesuvius have often been accompanied by large earthquakes in the Apennines 50–60 km to the northeast. Statistical investigations had shown that earthquakes often preceded eruptions, typically by less than a decade, but did not provide a physical explanation for the correlation. Here, we explore elastic stress interaction between earthquakes and eruptions under the hypothesis that small stress changes can promote events when the Apennine normal faults and the Vesuvius magma body are close to failure. We show that earthquakes can promote eruptions by compressing the magma body at depth and opening suitably oriented near-surface conduits. Voiding the magma body in turns brings these same normal faults closer to Coulomb failure, promoting earthquakes. Such a coupling is strongest if the magma reservoir is a dike oriented normal to the regional extension axis, parallel to the Apennines, and the near-surface conduits and fissures are oriented normal to the Apennines. This preferred orientation suggests that the eruptions issuing from such fissures should be most closely linked in time to Apennine earthquakes. Large Apennine earthquakes since 1400 are calculated to have transferred more stress to Vesuvius than all but the largest eruptions have transferred to Apennine faults, which may explain why earthquakes more commonly lead than follow eruptions. A two-way coupling may thus link earthquakes and Vesuvius eruptions along a 100-km-long set of faults. We test the statistical significance of the earthquake-eruption correlation in the two-way coupling zone, and find a correlation significant at the 95% confidence level.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB00902","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nostro, C., Stein, R., Cocco, M., Belardinelli, M., and Marzocchi, W., 1998, Two-way coupling between Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes, Italy, by elastic stress transfer: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 10, p. 24487-24504, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00902.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"24487","endPage":"24504","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9a4e4b08c986b327cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nostro, C.","contributorId":80451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nostro","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cocco, M.","contributorId":70128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cocco","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belardinelli, M.E.","contributorId":107464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belardinelli","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marzocchi, W.","contributorId":29156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzocchi","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020551,"text":"70020551 - 1998 - Numerical analysis of seawater circulation in carbonate platforms: I. Geothermal convection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T16:46:09.056528","indexId":"70020551","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical analysis of seawater circulation in carbonate platforms: I. Geothermal convection","docAbstract":"Differences in fluid density between cold ocean water and warm ground water can drive the circulation of seawater through carbonate platforms. The circulating water can be the major source of dissolved constituents for diagenetic reactions such as dolomitization. This study was undertaken to investigate the conditions under which such circulation can occur and to determine which factors control both the flux and the patterns of fluid circulation and temperature distribution, given the expected ranges of those factors in nature. Results indicate that the magnitude and distribution of permeability within a carbonate platform are the most important parameters. Depending on the values of horizontal and vertical permeability, heat transport within a platform can occur by one of three mechanisms: conduction, forced convection, or free convection. Depth-dependent relations for porosity and permeability in carbonate platforms suggest circulation may decrease rapidly with depth. The fluid properties of density and viscosity are controlled primarily by their dependency on temperature. The bulk thermal conductivity of the rocks within the platform affects the conductive regime to some extent, especially if evaporite minerals are present within the section. Platform geometry has only a second-order effect on circulation. The relative position of sealevel can create surface conditions that range from exposed (with a fresh-water lens present) to shallow water (with hypersaline conditions created by evaporation in constricted flow conditions) to submerged or drowned (with free surface water circulation), but these boundary conditions and associated ocean temperature profiles have only a second-order effect on fluid circulation. Deep, convective circulation can be caused by horizon tal temperature gradients and can occur even at depths below the ocean bottom. Temperature data from deep holes in the Florida and Bahama platforms suggest that geothermal circulation is actively occurring today to depths as great as several kilometers.","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.298.10.801","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., Whitaker, F.F., Smart, P.L., and Jones, G., 1998, Numerical analysis of seawater circulation in carbonate platforms: I. Geothermal convection: American Journal of Science, v. 298, no. 10, p. 801-828, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.10.801.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"801","endPage":"828","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479767,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.10.801","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68e6e4b0c8380cd73a69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitaker, F. F.","contributorId":56411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitaker","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smart, P. L.","contributorId":59983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smart","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, G.","contributorId":39722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021044,"text":"70021044 - 1998 - Volcanism offshore of Vesuvius Volcano in Naples Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T13:18:31.461924","indexId":"70021044","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanism offshore of Vesuvius Volcano in Naples Bay","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection data are used to identify structural features in Naples Bay near Vesuvius Volcano. Several buried seismic units with reflection-free interiors are probably volcanic deposits erupted during and since the formation of the breached crater of Monte Somma Volcano, which preceded the growth of Vesuvius. The presumed undersea volcanic deposits are limited in extent; thus, stratigraphie relationships cannot be established among them. Other features revealed by our data include (a) the warping of lowstand marine deposits by undersea cryptodomes located approximately 10 km from the summit of Vesuvius, (b) a succession of normal step faults that record seaward collapse of the volcano, and (c) a small undersea slump in the uppermost marine deposits of Naples Bay, which may be the result of nue??e ardentes that entered the sea during a major eruption of Vesuvius in 1631. Detection of these undersea features illustrates some capabilities of making detailed seismic reflection profiles across undersea volcanoes.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004450050200","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Milia, A., Mirabile, L., Torrente, M., and Dvorak, J., 1998, Volcanism offshore of Vesuvius Volcano in Naples Bay: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 59, no. 6, p. 404-413, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050200.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"404","endPage":"413","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Vesuvius Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.265821488686527,\n 40.92940900824516\n ],\n [\n 14.265821488686527,\n 40.71116542675179\n ],\n [\n 14.620130570718146,\n 40.71116542675179\n ],\n [\n 14.620130570718146,\n 40.92940900824516\n ],\n [\n 14.265821488686527,\n 40.92940900824516\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc321e4b08c986b32af8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milia, A.","contributorId":62778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milia","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mirabile, L.","contributorId":60398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirabile","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torrente, M.M.","contributorId":23707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torrente","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dvorak, J.J.","contributorId":52597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dvorak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":93796,"text":"93796 - 1998 - Maintaining the quality of park resources and visitor experiences: A handbook for managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T10:21:03","indexId":"93796","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Maintaining the quality of park resources and visitor experiences: A handbook for managers","language":"English","publisher":"Univeristy of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources, Cooperative Park Studies Unit","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.H., Lime, D.W., and Wang, T.L., 1998, Maintaining the quality of park resources and visitor experiences: A handbook for managers, v, 134 p.","productDescription":"v, 134 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6496bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Dorothy H.","contributorId":101595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lime, David W.","contributorId":69920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lime","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Theresa L.","contributorId":38499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":93799,"text":"93799 - 1998 - Presence and viability of a cladoceran egg bank as an indicator of wetland condition in the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:26:25","indexId":"93799","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Presence and viability of a cladoceran egg bank as an indicator of wetland condition in the prairie pothole region","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N., Jarvis, R.L., and Mushet, D., 1998, Presence and viability of a cladoceran egg bank as an indicator of wetland condition in the prairie pothole region.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6690d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvis, R. L.","contributorId":31697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mushet, D.M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":59377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194411,"text":"70194411 - 1998 - Ecological scale: Theory and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T16:57:52","indexId":"70194411","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Ecological scale: Theory and applications","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Perspectives on the land use history of North America: A context for understanding our changing environment (Biological Sciences Report 1998-0003)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lafayette, LA","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., Betancourt, J.L., and Swetnam, T., 1998, Landscape changes in the southwestern United States: Techniques, long-term datasets, and trends: Chapter 9: Biological Science Report 1998-0003, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4c1e4b0fa1e59bc1e0b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sisk, Thomas D.","contributorId":68157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisk","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725561,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":90455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020611,"text":"70020611 - 1998 - Stress transferred by the 1995 Mw = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:13:03.842943","indexId":"70020611","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress transferred by the 1995 Mw = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities","docAbstract":"The Kobe earthquake struck at the edge of the densely populated Osaka-Kyoto corridor in southwest Japan. We investigate how the earthquake transferred stress to nearby faults, altering their proximity to failure and thus changing earthquake probabilities. We find that relative to the pre-Kobe seismicity, Kobe aftershocks were concentrated in regions of calculated Coulomb stress increase and less common in regions of stress decrease. We quantify this relationship by forming the spatial correlation between the seismicity rate change and the Coulomb stress change. The correlation is significant for stress changes greater than 0.2–1.0 bars (0.02–0.1 MPa), and the nonlinear dependence of seismicity rate change on stress change is compatible with a state- and rate-dependent formulation for earthquake occurrence. We extend this analysis to future mainshocks by resolving the stress changes on major faults within 100 km of Kobe and calculating the change in probability caused by these stress changes. Transient effects of the stress changes are incorporated by the state-dependent constitutive relation, which amplifies the permanent stress changes during the aftershock period. Earthquake probability framed in this manner is highly time-dependent, much more so than is assumed in current practice. Because the probabilities depend on several poorly known parameters of the major faults, we estimate uncertainties of the probabilities by Monte Carlo simulation. This enables us to include uncertainties on the elapsed time since the last earthquake, the repeat time and its variability, and the period of aftershock decay. We estimate that a calculated 3-bar (0.3-MPa) stress increase on the eastern section of the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) near Kyoto causes fivefold increase in the 30-year probability of a subsequent large earthquake near Kyoto; a 2-bar (0.2-MPa) stress decrease on the western section of the ATTL results in a reduction in probability by a factor of 140 to 2000. The probability of a Mw = 6.9 earthquake within 50 km of Osaka during 1997–2007 is estimated to have risen from 5–6% before the Kobe earthquake to 7–11% afterward; during 1997–2027, it is estimated to have risen from 14–16% before Kobe to 16–22%.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB00765","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Stein, R., Reasenberg, P., Dieterich, J.H., and Yoshida, A., 1998, Stress transferred by the 1995 Mw = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 10, p. 24543-24565, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00765.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"24543","endPage":"24565","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489840,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb00765","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b69e4b08c986b31ce7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoshida, A.","contributorId":60807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshida","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162461,"text":"70162461 - 1998 - Recovery of the snail kite in Florida: Beyond a reductionist paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T13:12:08","indexId":"70162461","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recovery of the snail kite in Florida: Beyond a reductionist paradigm","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: burning issues and smoke screens: heat and light in Southern forests","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: burning issues and smoke screens: heat and light in Southern forests","conferenceDate":"March 20-24, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Bennetts, R.E., Kitchens, W.M., and DeAngelis, D., 1998, Recovery of the snail kite in Florida: Beyond a reductionist paradigm, in Transactions of the 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: burning issues and smoke screens: heat and light in Southern forests, Orlando, FL, March 20-24, 1998, p. 486-501.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"501","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75568e4b0b28f1184d874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennetts, Robert E.","contributorId":62508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":589641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159918,"text":"70159918 - 1998 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Henslow's sparrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T08:54:11","indexId":"70159918","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Henslow's sparrow","docAbstract":"Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species’ nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species’ response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species’ breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management is posted at the Web site mentioned below.
\nThis report has been downloaded from the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center WorldWide Web site, www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/grasbird.htm. Please direct comments and suggestions to Douglas H. Johnson, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401; telephone: 701- 253-5539; fax: 701-253-5553; e-mail: Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/70159918","usgsCitation":"Herkert, J.R., 1998, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Henslow's sparrow (Originally posted 1998; Revised 2002), 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70159918.","productDescription":"19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159918.PNG"},{"id":312415,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159918/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Originally posted 1998; Revised 2002","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175c8e4b06a3ea36c5693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkert, James R.","contributorId":113967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020266,"text":"70020266 - 1998 - Seismic structure of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and accretionary prism north of the Mendocino triple junction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:13:27.796463","indexId":"70020266","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic structure of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and accretionary prism north of the Mendocino triple junction","docAbstract":"Four multichannel-seismic reflection profiles, collected as part of the Mendocino triple junction seismic experiment, image the toe of the southern Cascadia accretionary prism. Today, 250–600 m of sediment is subducting with the Gorda plate, and 1500–3200 m is accreting to the northern California margin. Faults imaged west and east of the deformation front show mixed structural vergence. A north-south trending, 20 km long portion of the central margin is landward vergent for the outer 6–8 km of the toe of the prism. This region of landward vergence exhibits no frontal thrust, is unusually steep and narrow, and is likely caused by a seaward-dipping backstop close to the deformation front. The lack of margin-wide preferred seaward vergence and wedge-taper analysis suggests the prism has low basal shear stress. The three southern lines image wedge-shaped fragments of oceanic crust 1.1–7.3 km in width and 250–700 m thick near the deformation front. These wedges suggest shortening and thickening of the upper oceanic crust. Discontinuities in the seafloor west of the prism provide evidence for mass wasting in the form of slump blocks and debris fans. The southernmost profile extends 75 km west of the prism imaging numerous faults that offset both the Gorda basin oceanic crust and overlying sediments. These high-angle faults, bounding basement highs, are interpreted as strike-slip faults reactivating structures originally formed at the spreading ridge. Northeast or northwest trending strike-slip faults within the basin are consistent with published focal mechanism solutions and are likely caused by north-south Gorda-Pacific plate convergence.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02526","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gulick, S., Meltzer, A., and Clarke, S.H., 1998, Seismic structure of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and accretionary prism north of the Mendocino triple junction: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B11, p. 27207-27222, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02526.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"27207","endPage":"27222","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02526","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b68e4b08c986b3177e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulick, S.P.S.","contributorId":75791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulick","given":"S.P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meltzer, A.M.","contributorId":50420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meltzer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, S. H. Jr.","contributorId":44913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}