Strains of Aeromonas salmonicida (n = 585) were collected from covertly infected and diseased salmonid hosts from 12 hatcheries in the eastern United States. Strains and sites were selected because of their potential for harboring antimicrobial resistance, in particular, to Romet™. Resistance to Romet was displayed by 315 strains (53.8%), which were isolated from all six host species sampled at 10 of 12 sites. Thirty of the resistant strains (9.5%) from five sites had no zone of inhibition, whereas the other strains had either confluent growth or resistant colonies within a zone of inhibition. Fifty-one resistant strains, representing each of the three resistance phenotypes, were selected for biochemical and antimicrobial comparisons with Romet-sensitive strains. All were confirmed to be A. salmonicida, and no characteristic biochemical phenotypes were found to be associated with resistance to Romet. Differential resistances between resistant and sensitive strains were detected to the antimicrobials oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, trimethoprim, and SXT, a potentiated sulfonamide composed of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Plasmid DNA isolation and agarose gel electrophoresis were done for 25 Romet-resistant strains, and R-plasmids, not present in sensitive strains, were detected in 23 of these. Two different sizes of R-plasmids were detected, one about 55 kilobase pairs long and another about 50 kilobase pairs. Two strains isolated from New York brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis had reduced confluent growth within a zone of inhibition but contained no large plasmids. This may indicate chromosomally mediated resistance. Conjugational mating studies evaluated transfer of the R-plasmid DNA using eight Escherichia coli recipients. Successful R-plasmid transfer was accomplished with two donor strains (MI1 and MI2 from New Hampshire brook trout). Our results, in addition to those of other workers, illustrate the widespread resistance in A. salmonicida to approved antimicrobials and the capacity of this bacterium to become resistant in the fish culture environment.
Correlative approaches to understanding the climatic controls of vegetation distribution have exhibited at least two important weaknesses: they have been conceptually divorced across spatial scales, and their climatic parameters have not necessarily represented aspects of climate of broad physiological importance to plants. Using examples from the literature and from the Sierra Nevada of California, I argue that two water balance parameters—actual evapotranspiration (AET) and deficit (D)—are biologically meaningful, are well correlated with the distribution of vegetation types, and exhibit these qualities over several orders of magnitude of spatial scale (continental to local). I reach four additional conclusions. (1) Some pairs of climatic parameters presently in use are functionally similar to AET and D; however, AET and D may be easier to interpret biologically. (2) Several well-known climatic parameters are biologically less meaningful or less important than AET and D, and consequently are poorer correlates of the distribution of vegetation types. Of particular interest, AET is a much better correlate of the distributions of coniferous and deciduous forests than minimum temperature. (3) The effects of evaporative demand and water availability on a site's water balance are intrinsically different. For example, the ‘dry’ experienced by plants on sunward slopes (high evaporative demand) is not comparable to the ‘dry’ experienced by plants on soils with low water-holding capacities (low water availability), and these differences are reflected in vegetation patterns. (4) Many traditional topographic moisture scalars—those that additively combine measures related to evaporative demand and water availability—are not necessarily meaningful for describing site conditions as sensed by plants; the same holds for measured soil moisture. However, using AET and D in place of moisture scalars and measured soil moisture can solve these problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.00233.x","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N., 1998, Actual evapotranspiration and deficit: Biologically meaningful correlates of vegetation distribution across spatial scales: Journal of Biogeography, v. 25, p. 855-870, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.00233.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"870","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020394,"text":"70020394 - 1998 - A model that helps explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020394","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model that helps explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems","docAbstract":"Feldspar phenocrysts of silicic volcanic rocks are commonly in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium with groundmass. In some cases the feldspar is more radiogenic, and in others it is less radiogenic. Several explanations have been published previously, but none of these is able to accommodate both senses of disequilibrium. We present a model by which either more- or less-radiogenic feldspar (or even both within a single eruptive unit) can originate. The model requires a magma body open to interaction with biotite- and feldspar-bearing wall rock. Magma is incrementally contaminated as wall rock melts incongruently. Biotite preferentially melts first, followed by feldspar. Such melting behavior, which is supported by both field and experimental studies, first contaminates magma with a relatively radiogenic addition, followed by a less-radiogenic addition. Feldspar phenocrysts lag behind melt (groundmass of volcanic rock) in incorporating the influx of contaminant, thus resulting in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium between the crystals and melt. The sense of disequilibrium recorded in a volcanic rock depends on when eruption quenches the contamination process. This model is testable by isotopic fingerprinting of individual feldspar crystals. For a given set of geologic boundary conditions, specific core-to-rim Sr-isotopic profiles are expectable. Moreover, phenocrysts that nucleate at different times during the contamination process should record different and predictable parts of the history. Initial results of Sr-isotopic fingerprinting of sanidine phenocrysts from the Taylor Creek Rhyolite are consistent with the model. More tests of the model are desirable.Feldspar phenocrysts of silicic volcanic rocks are commonly in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium with groundmass. In some cases the feldspar is more radiogenic, and in others it is less radiogenic. Several explanations have been published previously, but none of these is able to accommodate both senses of disequilibrium. We present a model by which either more- or less-radiogenic feldspar (or even both within a single eruptive unit) can originate. The model requires a magma body open to interaction with biotite- and feldspar-bearing wall rock. Magma is incrementally contaminated as wall rock melts incongruently. Biotite preferentially melts first, followed by feldspar. Such melting behavior, which is supported by both field and experimental studies, first contaminates magma with a relatively radiogenic addition, followed by a less-radiogenic addition. Feldspar phenocrysts lag behind melt (groundmass of volcanic rock) in incorporating the influx of contaminant, thus resulting in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium between the crystals and melt. The sense of disequilibrium recorded in a volcanic rock depends on when eruption quenches the contamination process. This model is testable by isotopic fingerprinting of individual feldspar crystals. For a given set of geologic boundary conditions, specific core-to-rim Sr-isotopic profiles are expectable. Moreover, phenocrysts that nucleate at different times during the contamination process should record different and predictable parts of the history. Initial results of Sr-isotopic fingerprinting of sanidine phenocrysts from the Taylor Creek Rhyolite are consistent with the model. More tests of the model are desirable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00071-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., and Ruiz, J., 1998, A model that helps explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 87, no. 1-4, p. 7-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00071-7.","startPage":"7","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00071-7"},{"id":231254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e481e4b0c8380cd46691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz, J.","contributorId":88886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014837,"text":"1014837 - 1998 - Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T21:10:51.56374","indexId":"1014837","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus","title":"Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus","docAbstract":"The ability of ovine growth hormone (oGH), recombinant bovine insulin-like growth factor I (rbIGF-I), recombinant human insulin-like growth factor II (rhIGF-II), and bovine insulin to increase hypoosmoregulatory capacity in the euryhaline teleostFundulus heteroclituswas examined. Fish acclimated to brackish water (BW, 10 ppt salinity, 320 mOsm/kg H2O) were injected with a single dose of hormone and transferred to seawater (SW, 35 ppt salinity, 1120 mOsm/kg H2O) 2 days later. Fish were sampled 24 h after transfer and plasma osmolality, plasma glucose, and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity were examined. Transfer from BW to SW increased plasma osmolality and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Transfer from BW to BW had no effect on these parameters. rbIGF-I (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μg/g) improved the ability to maintain plasma osmolality and to increase gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. oGH (0.5, 1, and 2 μg/g) also increased hypoosmoregulatory ability but only the higher doses (2 μg/g) significantly increased gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity. oGH (1 μg/g) and rbIGF-I (0.1 μg/g) had a significantly greater effect on plasma osmolality and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity than either hormone alone. rhIGF-II (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μg/g) and bovine insulin (0.01 and 0.05 μg/g) were without effect. The results suggest a role of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in seawater acclimation ofF. heteroclitus.Based on these findings and previous studies, it is concluded that the capacity of the GH/IGF-I axis to increase hypoosmoregulatory ability may be a common feature of euryhalinity in teleosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1998.7086","usgsCitation":"Mancera, J.M., and McCormick, S., 1998, Evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 111, no. 2, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1998.7086.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.6774914647944,\n 41.771978786437614\n ],\n [\n -72.83456262248117,\n 41.706344623884235\n ],\n [\n -72.87435398242873,\n 41.579575059736044\n ],\n [\n -72.96440811283561,\n 41.22612956273292\n ],\n [\n -72.61885156592479,\n 41.23085481140106\n ],\n [\n -72.1057524508144,\n 41.29382549185587\n ],\n [\n -72.14973237496689,\n 41.50119777512694\n ],\n [\n -72.30680353265366,\n 41.695399075450126\n ],\n [\n -72.6774914647944,\n 41.771978786437614\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mancera, J. M.","contributorId":7236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mancera","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014838,"text":"1014838 - 1998 - Osmoregulatory actions of the GH/IGF axis in non-salmonid teleosts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T16:20:41.604759","indexId":"1014838","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1293,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmoregulatory actions of the GH/IGF axis in non-salmonid teleosts","docAbstract":"Salmonid fishes provided the first findings on the influence of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis on osmoregulation in teleost fishes. Recent studies on non-salmonid species, however, indicate that this physiological action of the GH/IGF-I axis is not restricted to salmonids or anadromous fishes. GH-producing cells in the pituitary of fish acclimated to different salinities show different degrees of activation depending on the species studied. Plasma GH levels either increase or do not change after transfer of fish from freshwater to seawater. Treatment with GH or IGF-I increases salinity tolerance and/or increases gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus and Oreochromisniloticus) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis). As in salmonids, a positive interaction between GH and cortisol for improving hypoosmoregulatory capacity has been described in tilapia (O. mossambicus). Research on the osmoregulatory role of the GH/IGF-I axis is derived from a small number of teleost species. The study of more species with different osmoregulary patterns will be necessary to fully clarify the osmoregulatory role of GH/IGF-I axis in fish. The available data does suggest, however, that the influence of the GH/IGF-I axis on osmoregulation may be a common feature of euryhalinity in teleosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10112-8","usgsCitation":"Mancera, J.M., and McCormick, S., 1998, Osmoregulatory actions of the GH/IGF axis in non-salmonid teleosts: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v. 121, no. 1, p. 43-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10112-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mancera, J. M.","contributorId":7236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mancera","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020382,"text":"70020382 - 1998 - Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites: Serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T13:54:01.439438","indexId":"70020382","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites: Serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction","docAbstract":"The mineralogy, contents, and isotopic compositions of sulfur in oceanic serpentinites reflect variations in temperatures and fluid fluxes. Serpentinization of <1 Ma peridotites at Hess Deep occurred at high temperatures (200°–400°C) and low water/rock ratios. Oxidation of ferrous iron to magnetite maintained low ƒO2 and produced a reduced, low-sulfur assemblage including NiFe alloy. Small amounts of sulfate reduction by thermophilic microbes occurred as the system cooled, producing low-δ34S sulfide (1.5‰ to −23.7‰). In contrast, serpentinization of Iberian Margin peridotites occurred at low temperatures(∼20°–200°C) and high water/rock ratios. Complete serpentinization and consumption of ferrous iron allowed evolution to higher ƒO2. Microbial reduction of seawater sulfate resulted in addition of low-δ34S sulfide (∼15 to ∼43‰) and formation of higher-sulfur assemblages that include valleriite and pyrite. The high SO4/total S ratio of Hess Deep serpentinites (0.89) results in an increase of total sulfur and high δ34S of total sulfur (mean ∼8‰). In contrast, Iberian Margin serpentinites gained large amounts of 34S-poor sulfide (mean total S = 3800 ppm), and the high sulfide/total S ratio (0.61) results in a net decrease in δ34S of total sulfur (mean ≈ −5‰). Thus serpentinization is a net sink for seawater sulfur, but the amount fixed and its isotopic composition vary significantly. Serpentinization may result in uptake of 0.4–14 × 1012 g S yr−1 from the oceans, comparable to isotopic exchange in mafic rocks of seafloor hydrothermal systems and approaching global fluxes of riverine sulfate input and sedimentary sulfide output.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB00576","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Alt, J., and Shanks, W.C., 1998, Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites: Serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 5, p. 9917-9929, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00576.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9917","endPage":"9929","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd9e4b08c986b31db0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alt, J.C.","contributorId":72951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013411,"text":"1013411 - 1998 - Serum biochemistry of captive and free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T12:17:29","indexId":"1013411","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serum biochemistry of captive and free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus)","docAbstract":"Normal serum biochemistry values are frequently obtained from studies of captive sedentary (zoo) or free-ranging (wild) animals. It is frequently assumed that values from these two populations are directly referable to each other. We tested this assumption using 20 captive gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Minnesota, USA, and 11 free-ranging gray wolves in Alaska, USA. Free-ranging wolves had significantly (P<0.05) lower sodium, chloride, and creatine concentrations and significantly higher potassium and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations; BUN to creatine ratios; and alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase activities relative to captive wolves. Corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker of stress in domestic dogs) was detected in 3 of 11 free-ranging wolves and in 0 of 20 captive wolves (P = 0.037). This study provides clear evidence that serum biochemical differences can exist between captive and free-ranging populations of one species. Accordingly, evaluation of the health status of an animal should incorporate an understanding of the potential confounding effect that nutrition, activity level, and environmental stress could have on the factor(s) being measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","usgsCitation":"Constable, P., Hinchcliff, K., Demma, N., Callahan, M., Dale, B., Fox, K., Adams, L., Wack, R., and Kramer, L., 1998, Serum biochemistry of captive and free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 29, no. 4, p. 435-440.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5ac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constable, Peter","contributorId":40954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinchcliff, Ken","contributorId":67479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinchcliff","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demma, Nick","contributorId":105682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demma","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callahan, Margaret","contributorId":16317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, B.W.","contributorId":48902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, Kevin","contributorId":12828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13670,"text":"National Park Service, Denali National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wack, Ray","contributorId":70355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wack","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kramer, Lynn","contributorId":181741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1014877,"text":"1014877 - 1998 - Control of furunculosis and enteric redmouth disease in sea-run Atlantic salmon broodstock in the Connecticut and Merrimack Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T14:56:35.494016","indexId":"1014877","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of furunculosis and enteric redmouth disease in sea-run Atlantic salmon broodstock in the Connecticut and Merrimack Rivers","docAbstract":"Adult sea‐run Atlantic salmon Salmo salar captured and transported to Richard Cronin National Salmon Station (Sunderland, Massachusetts), Nashua National Fish Hatchery (Nashua, New Hampshire), and Whittemore State Fish Hatchery (Waterford, Connecticut) during 1986–1992 were treated with oxolinic acid and a bacterin. The bacterin was developed against furunculosis and enteric redmouth disease. Among the 2,552 fish that were treated since 1986, 362 died and 65 (18%) of those fish had furunculosis. Among 206 untreated fish that were maintained as controls, 109 died and 63 (57.8%) had furunculosis. The reduction in mortality could not be attributed to either vaccine or antibiotic alone without further study. A 3‐year study was designed to investigate if adult Atlantic salmon, undergoing the stress of migration, handling, and spawning, could mount a protective humoral immune response. Although the salmon were able to produce an agglutinin response, evidence was not found for production of a protective humoral response by these vaccinated Atlantic salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060%3C0088:COFAER%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ford, L., Barbash, P., and Cipriano, R.C., 1998, Control of furunculosis and enteric redmouth disease in sea-run Atlantic salmon broodstock in the Connecticut and Merrimack Rivers: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 60, no. 2, p. 88-94, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060%3C0088:COFAER%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b1d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbash, P.A.","contributorId":99095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020380,"text":"70020380 - 1998 - Major improvements in progress for Southern California Earthquake Monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T12:12:43.042426","indexId":"70020380","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major improvements in progress for Southern California Earthquake Monitoring","docAbstract":"Major improvements in seismic and strong-motion monitoring networks are being implemented in southern California to better meet the needs of emergency response personnel, structural engineers, and the research community in promoting earthquake hazard reduction. Known as the TriNet project, the improvements are being coordinated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) of the state's Department of Conservation. Already the ambitious instrument and system development project has started to record and disseminate ground motions from a spatially dense and robust network of high quality seismographs.
In 1991, the poor physical condition of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides from Lake Harris, Florida, was associated with the decline of the lake's fishery. The swim bladders of emaciated bass had mild inflammation and ecchymotic hemorrhages. A mycoplasma-like organism isolated from swim bladders was initially believed to be the causative agent. The organism was later identified as Acholeplasma laidlawii by using a fluorescent antibody procedure and was demonstrated to be nonpathogenic. Parenteral injection of the organism into healthy largemouth bass fingerlings produced no signs of disease or difference in growth rate compared with control fish during a 16-month period. Field studies resulted in isolation of A. laidlawii from black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus, bluegills Lepomis macrochirus, and redear sunfish L. microlophus, but not from noncentrarchids in Lake Harris or from any fish species in a control fishery (Lake Holly, Florida). The absence of organisms in all emaciated bass, our inability to reproduce the disease, and isolation of the organism from seemingly healthy fish suggest this organism was not pathogenic.
The discovery of large gas hydrate accumulations on the North Slope of Alaska and off the U.S. southeast coast has heightened interest in gas hydrates as a possible energy resource of the future. However, significant geological uncertainties and possibly insurmountable technical issues need to be resolved before gas hydrates can be counted as a viable option for future, affordable supplies of natural gas.
","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Kuuskraa, V.A., 1998, Hydrates contain vast store of world gas resources: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 96, no. 19, p. 90-95.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"95","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-96/issue-19/in-this-issue/exploration/hydrates-contain-vast-store-of-world-gas-resources.html"}],"volume":"96","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32c8e4b0c8380cd5ea96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuuskraa, Vello A.","contributorId":15674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuuskraa","given":"Vello","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020051,"text":"70020051 - 1998 - The effects of mesquite invasion on a southeastern Arizona grassland bird community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020051","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of mesquite invasion on a southeastern Arizona grassland bird community","docAbstract":"We determined which vegetal features influenced the distribution and abundance of grassland birds at the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona. The density and distribution of mesquite (Prosopis velutina) exerted the strongest influence on the grassland bird community. Abundances of Pyrrhuloxia (Cardinalis sinuatus; r2 = 0.363, P = 0.025) and Lucy's Warbler (Vermivora luciae; r2 = 0.348, P = 0.04), and total abundance of birds (r2 = 0.358, P = 0.04) were positively correlated with increasing density of mesquite (Prosopis velutina), whereas abundance of Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus; r2 = 0.452, P = 0.02) was negatively correlated with increasing mesquite density. Abundance of Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus; r2 = 0.693, P < 0.001) was positively correlated with an increasing patchiness of mesquite. Shrub-dependent bird species dominated the community, accounting for 12 of the 18 species and 557 of the 815 individuals detected. Species relying on extensive areas of open grassland were largely absent from the study area, perhaps a result of the recent invasion of mesquite into this semi-desert grassland.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, J., Mannan, R., DeStefano, S., and Kirkpatrick, C., 1998, The effects of mesquite invasion on a southeastern Arizona grassland bird community: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 110, no. 3, p. 403-408.","startPage":"403","endPage":"408","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab8de4b08c986b322efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, J.","contributorId":69313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mannan, R.W.","contributorId":52915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mannan","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirkpatrick, C.","contributorId":73356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020136,"text":"70020136 - 1998 - Seismotectonics of the Loma Prieta, California, region determined from three-dimensional Vp, Vp/Vs, and seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:34:31.368166","indexId":"70020136","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismotectonics of the Loma Prieta, California, region determined from three-dimensional Vp, Vp/Vs, and seismicity","docAbstract":"Three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs velocity models for the Loma Prieta region were developed from the inversion of local travel time data (21,925 P arrivals and 1,116 S arrivals) from earthquakes, refraction shots, and blasts recorded on 1700 stations from the Northern California Seismic Network and numerous portable seismograph deployments. The velocity and density models and microearthquake hypocenters reveal a complex structure that includes a San Andreas fault extending to the base of the seismogenic layer. A body with high Vp extends the length of the rupture and fills the 5 km wide volume between the Loma Prieta mainshock rupture and the San Andreas and Sargent faults. We suggest that this body controls both the pattern of background seismicity on the San Andreas and Sargent faults and the extent of rupture during the mainshock, thus explaining how the background seismicity outlined the along-strike and depth extent of the mainshock rupture on a different fault plane 5 km away. New aftershock focal mechanisms, based on three-dimensional ray tracing through the velocity model, support a heterogeneous postseismic stress field and can not resolve a uniform fault normal compression. The subvertical (or steeply dipping) San Andreas fault and the fault surfaces that ruptured in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are both parts of the San Andreas fault zone and this section of the fault zone does not have a single type of characteristic event.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB01984","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Eberhart-Phillips, D., and Michael, A., 1998, Seismotectonics of the Loma Prieta, California, region determined from three-dimensional Vp, Vp/Vs, and seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 9, p. 21099-21120, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01984.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"21099","endPage":"21120","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bd8e4b08c986b317b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, D.","contributorId":80428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020147,"text":"70020147 - 1998 - Seismic-reflection evidence that the hayward fault extends into the lower crust of the San Francisco Bay Area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:22:42.695706","indexId":"70020147","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic-reflection evidence that the hayward fault extends into the lower crust of the San Francisco Bay Area, California","docAbstract":"This article presents deep seismic-reflection data from an experiment across San Francisco Peninsula in 1995 using large (125 to 500 kg) explosive sources. Shot gathers show a mostly nonreflective upper crust in both the Franciscan and Salinian terranes (juxtaposed across the San Andreas fault), an onset of weak lower-crustal reflectivity beginning at about 6-sec two-way travel time (TWTT) and bright southwest-dipping reflections between 11 and 13 sec TWTT. Previous studies have shown that the Moho in this area is no deeper than 25 km (∼8 to 9 sec TWTT). Three-dimensional reflection travel-time modeling of the 11 to 13 sec events from the shot gathers indicates that the bright events may be explained by reflectors 15 to 20 km into the upper mantle, northeast of the San Andreas fault. However, upper mantle reflections from these depths were not observed on marine-reflection profiles collected in San Francisco Bay, nor were they reported from a refraction prifile on San Francisco Peninsula. The most consistent interpretation of these events from 2D raytracing and 3D travel-time modeling is that they are out-of-plane reflections from a high-angle (dipping ∼70° to the southwest) impedance contrast in the lower crust that corresponds with the surface trace of the Hayward fault. These results suggest that the Hayward fault truncates the horizontal detachment fault suggested to be active beneath San Francisco Bay.
Mobile sediment is a fundamental yet poorly characterized aspect of mass transport through karst aquifers. Here the development and field testing of an extremely sensitive particle tracer that may be used to characterize sediment transport in karst aquifers is described. The tracer consists of micron-size montmorillonite particles homoionized to the lanthanide form; after injection and retrieval from a ground water system, the lanthanide ions are chemically stripped from the clay and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The tracer meets the following desired criteria: low detection limit; a number of differentiable signatures; inexpensive production and quantification using standard methods; no environmental risks; and hydrodynamic properties similar to the in situ sediment it is designed to trace. The tracer was tested in laboratory batch experiments and field tested in both surface water and ground water systems. In surface water, arrival times of the tracer were similar to those of a conservative water tracer, although a significant amount of material was lost due to settling. Two tracer tests were undertaken in a karst aquifer under different flow conditions. Under normal flow conditions, the time of arrival and peak concentration of the tracer were similar to or preceded that of a conservative water tracer. Under low flow conditions, the particle tracer was not detected, suggesting that in low flow the sediment settles out of suspension and goes into storage.
The goal of this project is to refine the information collected previously on maternal denning, into digital maps that show where polar bears are likely to create future dens in northern Alaska. Such maps will allow a priori recommendations regarding timing and geographic locations of proposed human developments; and hence provide managers with an important mitigation and management tool.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar bears: Proceedings of the twelfth Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Group (SSC) no. 19)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","conferenceDate":"February 3-7, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Oslo, Norway","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","publisherLocation":"Gland, Switzerland","isbn":"2-8317-0459-6","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., and Garner, G.W., 1998, Identification of polar bear den habitat in northern Alaska, in Polar bears: Proceedings of the twelfth Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Group (SSC) no. 19), Oslo, Norway, February 3-7, 1997, p. 141-145.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"145","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/7509"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634097e4b0d1f9f059d80c","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703963,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703964,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703965,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiig, Oystein","contributorId":192053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiig","given":"Oystein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703966,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4}],"editors":[{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703959,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703960,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703961,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiig, Oystein","contributorId":192053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiig","given":"Oystein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703962,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019788,"text":"70019788 - 1998 - Oyster resource zones of the Barataria and Terrebonne estuaries of Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70019788","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oyster resource zones of the Barataria and Terrebonne estuaries of Louisiana","docAbstract":"A 1:100,000 scale map delineating the subtidal oyster resource zones within the Barataria and Terrebonne estuaries was developed. Strategies to accomplish the task included interviews with Louisiana oystermen and state biologists to develop a draft map, field sampling to document oyster (Crassostrea virginica), Dermo (Perkinsus marinus), and oyster drill (Stramonita haemastoma) abundances, use of historical salinity data to aid in map verification, and public meetings to allow comment on a draft before final map preparation. Four oyster resource zones were delineated on the final map: a dry zone where subtidal oysters may be found when salinities increase, a wet zone where subtidal oysters may be found when salinities are suppressed, a wet-dry zone where subtidal oysters may be consistently found due to favorable salinities, and a high-salinity zone where natural oyster populations are predominantly found in intertidal and shallow waters. The dry zone is largely coincident with the brackish-marsh habitat, with some intermediate-type marsh. The wet-dry zone is found at the interface of the brackish and saline marshes, but extends further seaward than up-estuary. The wet zone and the high salinity zones are areas of mostly open water fringed by salt marshes. The dry zone encompasses 91,775 hectares, of which 48,788 hectares are water (53%). The wet zone encompasses 83,525 hectares, of which 66,958 hectares are water (80%). The wet-dry zone encompasses 171,893 hectares, of which 104,733 hectares are water (61%). The high salinity zone encompasses 125,705 hectares, of which 113,369 hectares are water (90%). There is a clear trend of increasing water habitat in the four zones over the past 30 years, and oysters are now cultivated on bottoms that were once marsh. The map should be useful in managing the effects upon oysters of freshwater diversions into the estuaries. It provides a pre-diversion record of the location of oyster resource zones and should prove helpful in the seaward relocation of oysters leases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07308000","usgsCitation":"Melancon, E., Soniat, T., Cheramie, V., Dugas, R., Barras, J., and Lagarde, M., 1998, Oyster resource zones of the Barataria and Terrebonne estuaries of Louisiana: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1143-1148.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1148","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72d0e4b0c8380cd76cf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melancon, E. Jr.","contributorId":42732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soniat, T.","contributorId":72148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soniat","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheramie, V.","contributorId":33865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheramie","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dugas, R.","contributorId":54360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugas","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barras, J.","contributorId":35488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lagarde, M.","contributorId":42733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lagarde","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019796,"text":"70019796 - 1998 - Analysis of simulated advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer data of the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area for mapping lithologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-02T15:33:38.22959","indexId":"70019796","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of simulated advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer data of the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area for mapping lithologies","docAbstract":"The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer was designed to record reflected energy in nine channels with 15 or 30 m resolution, including stereoscopic images, and emitted energy in five channels with 90 m resolution from the NASA Earth Observing System AMI platform. A simulated ASTER data set was produced for the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area by resampling calibrated, registered airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, and thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) data to the appropriate spatial and spectral parameters. A digital elevation model was obtained to simulate ASTER-derived topographic data. The main lithologic units in the area are granitic rocks and felsite into which a carbonatite stock and associated alkalic igneous rocks were intruded; these rocks are locally covered by Jurassic sandstone, Tertiary rhyolitic tuff, and colluvial deposits. Several methods were evaluated for mapping the main lithologic units, including the unsupervised classification and spectral curve-matching techniques. In the five thermalinfrared (TIR) channels, comparison of the results of linear spectral unmixing and unsupervised classification with published geologic maps showed that the main lithologic units were mapped, but large areas with moderate to dense tree cover were not mapped in the TIR data. Compared to TIMS data, simulated ASTER data permitted slightly less discrimination in the mafic alkalic rock series, and carbonatite was not mapped in the TIMS nor in the simulated ASTER TIR data. In the nine visible and near-infrared channels, unsupervised classification did not yield useful results, but both the spectral linear unmixing and the matched filter techniques produced useful results, including mapping calcitic and dolomitic carbonatite exposures, travertine in hot spring deposits, kaolinite in argillized sandstone and tuff, and muscovite in sericitized granite and felsite, as well as commonly occurring illite/muscovite. However, the distinction made in AVIRIS data between calcite and dolomite was not consistently feasible in the simulated ASTER data. Comparison of the lithologie information produced by spectral analysis of the simulated ASTER data to a photogeologic interpretation of a simulated ASTER color image illustrates the high potential of spectral analysis of ASTER data to geologic interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JD02118","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., 1998, Analysis of simulated advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer data of the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area for mapping lithologies: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 103, no. D24, p. 32291-32306, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD02118.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"32291","endPage":"32306","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd02118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"D24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb30e4b0c8380cd48c8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019805,"text":"70019805 - 1998 - Causes of sinks near Tucson, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T01:42:33.499297","indexId":"70019805","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of sinks near Tucson, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Land subsidence in the form of sinks has occurred on and near farmlands near Tucson, Pima County, Arizona, USA. The sinks occur in alluvial deposits along the flood plain of the Santa Cruz River, and have made farmlands dangerous and unsuitable for farming. More than 1700 sinks are confined to the flood plain of the Santa Cruz River and are grouped along two north-northwestward-trending bands that are approximately parallel to the river and other flood-plain drainages. An estimated 17,000 m3 of sediment have been removed in the formation of the sinks. Thirteen trenches were dug to depths of 4–6 m to characterize near-surface sediments in sink and nonsink areas. Sediments below about 2 m included a large percentage of dispersive clays in sink areas. Sediments in nonsink areas contain a large component of medium- to coarse-grained, moderately to well sorted sand that probably fills a paleochannel. Electromagnetic surveys support the association of silts and clays in sink areas that are highly electrically conductive relative to sand in nonsink areas. Sinks probably are caused by the near-surface process of subsurface erosion of dispersive sediments along pre-existing cracks in predominantly silt and clay sediments. The pre-existing cracks probably result from desiccation or tension that developed during periods of water-table decline and channel incision during the past 100 years or in earlier periods.
Combined use of the tritium/helium 3 (3H/3He) dating technique and particle-tracking analysis can improve flow-model calibration. As shown at two sites in the Great Miami buried-valley aquifer in southwestern Ohio, the combined use of 3H/3He age dating and particle tracking led to a lower mean absolute error between measured heads and simulated heads than in the original calibrated models and/or between simulated travel times and 3H/3He ages. Apparent groundwater ages were obtained for water samples collected from 44 wells at two locations where previously constructed finite difference models of groundwater flow were available (Mound Plant and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB)). The two-layer Mound Plant model covers 11 km2 within the buried-valley aquifer. The WPAFB model has three layers and covers 262 km2 within the buried-valley aquifer and adjacent bedrock uplands. Sampled wells were chosen along flow paths determined from potentiometric maps or particle-tracking analyses. Water samples were collected at various depths within the aquifer. In the Mound Plant area, samples used for comparison of 3H/3He ages with simulated travel times were from wells completed in the uppermost model layer. Simulated travel times agreed well with 3H/3He ages. The mean absolute error (MAE) was 3.5 years. Agreement in ages at WPAFB decreased with increasing depth in the system. The MAEs were 1.63, 17.2, and 255 years for model layers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Discrepancies between the simulated travel times and 3H/3He ages were assumed to be due to improper conceptualization or incorrect parameterization of the flow models. Selected conceptual and parameter modifications to the models resulted in improved agreement between 3H/3He ages and simulated travel times and between measured and simulated heads and flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00007","usgsCitation":"Sheets, R., Bair, E.S., and Rowe, G.L., 1998, Use of 3H/3He Ages to evaluate and improve groundwater flow models in a complex buried-valley aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1077-1089, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1089","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Great Miami buried-valley aquifer","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe59e4b08c986b329546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, Rodney A. rasheets@usgs.gov","contributorId":1848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"Rodney A.","email":"rasheets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bair, E. Scott","contributorId":194772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bair","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":386182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020422,"text":"70020422 - 1998 - Elemental contaminants in the livers and ingesta of four subpopulations of the American coot (Fulica americana): An herbivorous winter migrant in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-01T17:00:25.256255","indexId":"70020422","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Elemental contaminants in the livers and ingesta of four subpopulations of the American coot (Fulica americana): An herbivorous winter migrant in San Francisco Bay","title":"Elemental contaminants in the livers and ingesta of four subpopulations of the American coot (Fulica americana): An herbivorous winter migrant in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Water birds with diets high in animal foods in the San Francisco Bay area are exposed to trace elements that are potentially health impairing. Water birds with herbivorous diets have been less thoroughly examined. The concentrations of trace elements in the livers and the esophageal contents of an herbivorous water bird, the American coot (Fulica americana) were measured to compare levels of contaminant exposure among different locations in the Bay system and with other water birds. A total of 39 coots were collected from four sites: Napa River and Mare Island Strait in the north, Berkeley in the middle, and Coyote Creek in the south. Livers of Berkeley samples differed significantly from those of Napa River and Mare Island Strait by their greater concentrations of As and B and lower concentrations of Cu, but they seemed to be within normal ranges for birds. Otherwise the concentrations of trace elements in the livers did not differ among sites. Ingesta samples from Berkeley differed from the other sites because they tended to be higher in Al, V, and Zn. In contrast to waterfowl, livers from the herbivorous coots in San Francisco Bay showed little exposure to Cd, Hg, Pb, or Se. Coot ingesta showed few samples with measurable levels of Cd, Hg, or Se and had low levels of Pb. The herbivorous diet of coots may shield them from exposure to such elements. However, high levels of V were present in coot livers and ingesta from all four sites, suggesting adaptation to this toxic element.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00060-8","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1998, Elemental contaminants in the livers and ingesta of four subpopulations of the American coot (Fulica americana): An herbivorous winter migrant in San Francisco Bay: Environmental Pollution, v. 101, no. 3, p. 321-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00060-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.72792323440832,\n 38.2394239522493\n ],\n [\n -122.72792323440832,\n 37.378471542359534\n ],\n [\n -121.78543329260194,\n 37.378471542359534\n ],\n [\n -121.78543329260194,\n 38.2394239522493\n ],\n [\n -122.72792323440832,\n 38.2394239522493\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08bde4b0c8380cd51c57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, C. A.","contributorId":79824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008634,"text":"1008634 - 1998 - Estimating species richness: The Michaelis-Menten model revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T15:52:44.852844","indexId":"1008634","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating species richness: The Michaelis-Menten model revisited","docAbstract":"The Michaelis-Menten model has been widely used to estimate the richness (S) of species pools, but is largely untested. We tested whether (1) species accumulation curves follow the form predicted by the model, (2) the model gives unbiased estimates (Ŝ and B̂, respectively) of S and of the sample size, B, needed to detect S/2 species, and (3) performance is robust to community structure. Performance varied with community structure. For model communities with species-abundance distributions based on MacArthur's broken-stick model with 100 or 1000 species, deviations from predicted accumulation curves were slight, and Ŝ and B̂ were unbiased (P ≥ 0.18). For broken-stick communities with 10 species, Ŝ and B̂ overestimated S and B by an average of 17% and 63%, respectively (P < 0.001). For model communities with species-abundance distributions based on Tokeshi's (1990) random-fraction model with 10, 100, or 1000 species, deviations from predicted accumulation curves were large; on average, Ŝ underestimated S by 7-37% (P < 0.001), and (for S = 100 or 1000) B̂ underestimated B by 67-80% (P < 0.001). Vascular plant inventories (S = 42 to 99 species) also showed large deviations from predicted curves; on average, Ŝ underestimated S by 35% (P < 0.001) and B̂ underestimated B by 72% (P < 0.001). Because most natural communities are better described by the random-fraction than the broken-stick model, we suggest the Michaelis-Menten model will typically yield poor estimates of S. Moreover, we argue that accepted criteria for evaluating estimators of S are inadequate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3547060","usgsCitation":"Keating, K., and Quinn, J., 1998, Estimating species richness: The Michaelis-Menten model revisited: Oikos, v. 81, p. 411-416, https://doi.org/10.2307/3547060.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"416","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, K.A.","contributorId":44500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, J.F.","contributorId":76251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015982,"text":"1015982 - 1998 - Declining ring-necked pheasants in the Klamath Basin, California: I. Insecticide exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T13:39:16.142212","indexId":"1015982","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declining ring-necked pheasants in the Klamath Basin, California: I. Insecticide exposure","docAbstract":"A study of organophosphorus (OP) insecticide exposure was conducted on a declining population of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) associated with agricultural lands at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (TLNWR) during the summers of 1990–92. Findings at TLNWR were compared with a nearby pheasant population at Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (LKNWR) not subjected to intensive farming or OP insecticide applications. Direct toxicity of anticholinesterase (antiChE) compounds (in this case methamidophos) killed 2 young pheasants (91 and 92% brain acetylcholinesterase [AChE] inhibition), but no deaths of adult radio-equipped hens were ascribed to direct insecticide intoxication. However, within 20 days postspray of OP insecticides, 68% (28 of 41) of the adult pheasants collected at TLNWR were exposed to antiChE insecticides, and exhibited brain AChE inhibition of 19–62%, with 15% (6 of 41) showing >55% brain AChE inhibition. The lack of radio-equipped hens dying was unexpected because >50% brain AChE inhibition has been frequently used as a ‘diagnostic tool’ for evaluating cause of death from antiChE insecticides. No young were radio-equipped, so the extent of the effects of insecticide exposure on the survivorship of young was unknown. It is concluded that insecticide exposure was not the major factor impacting the pheasant population (see Grove et al., in press), although some young were acutely intoxicated. However, the loss of insects killed by insecticide use may have contributed to food shortages of young pheasants, indirectly influencing survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1008836817910","usgsCitation":"Grove, R.A., Buhler, D.R., Henny, C.J., and Drew, A.D., 1998, Declining ring-necked pheasants in the Klamath Basin, California: I. Insecticide exposure: Ecotoxicology, v. 7, no. 5, p. 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008836817910.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.8617161329993,\n 42.00099312502107\n ],\n [\n -121.8617161329993,\n 41.80803984558128\n ],\n [\n -121.3635146864145,\n 41.80803984558128\n ],\n [\n -121.3635146864145,\n 42.00099312502107\n ],\n [\n -121.8617161329993,\n 42.00099312502107\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhler, D. R.","contributorId":33290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhler","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drew, A. D.","contributorId":25126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drew","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}