ABSTRACT: Spatial and temporal variability in rainfall concentrations of nutrients, major ions, and herbicides was monitored at 7 locations in or near the Conodoguinet Creek watershed in south-central Pennsylvania from 1991.1993. Results were used to (1) compare precipitation quality in forested, agricultural and urban areas, and (2) assess the practicality of using volunteer citizen monitoring in such a study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05957.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Shertzer, R., Hall, D.W., Steffy, S., and Kime, R., 1998, Relationships between land uses and rainwater quality in a southcentral Pennsylvania watershed: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 1, p. 13-26, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05957.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a7a6e4b0e8fec6cdc528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shertzer, R.H.","contributorId":41178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shertzer","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steffy, S.A.","contributorId":62368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steffy","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kime, R.A.","contributorId":98908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kime","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020621,"text":"70020621 - 1998 - Geological evidence for solid-state convection in Europa's ice shell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020621","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological evidence for solid-state convection in Europa's ice shell","docAbstract":"The ice-rich surface of the jovian satellite Europa is sparsely cratered, suggesting that this moon might be geologically active today. Moreover, models of the satellite's interior indicate that tidal interactions with Jupiter might produce enough heat to maintain a subsurface liquid water layer. But the mechanisms of interior heat loss and resurfacing are currently unclear, as is the question of whether Europa has (or had at one time) a liquid water ocean. Here we report on the morphology and geological interpretation of distinct surface features-pits, domes and spots-discovered in high-resolution images of Europa obtained by the Galileo spacecraft. The features are interpreted as the surface manifestation of diapirs, relatively warm localized ice masses that have risen buoyantly through the subsurface. We find that the formation of the features can be explained by thermally induced solid-state convection within an ice shell, possibly overlying a liquid water layer. Our results are consistent with the possibility that Europa has a liquid water ocean beneath a surface layer of ice, but further tests and observations are needed to demonstrate this conclusively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/34862","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Pappalardo, R., Head, J., Greeley, R., Sullivan, R., Pilcher, C., Schubert, G., Moore, W., Carr, M.H., Moore, J.N., Belton, M.J., and Goldsby, D., 1998, Geological evidence for solid-state convection in Europa's ice shell: Nature, v. 391, no. 6665, p. 365-368, https://doi.org/10.1038/34862.","startPage":"365","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34862"},{"id":231191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"391","issue":"6665","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a225ee4b0c8380cd56fa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pappalardo, R.T.","contributorId":40745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappalardo","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pilcher, C.","contributorId":26452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schubert, G.","contributorId":51679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, W.B.","contributorId":39545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Goldsby, D.L.","contributorId":84107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsby","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70021136,"text":"70021136 - 1998 - Movement patterns and the conservation of amphibians breeding in small, temporary wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T11:52:55.383814","indexId":"70021136","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement patterns and the conservation of amphibians breeding in small, temporary wetlands","docAbstract":"Many amphibians breed in water but live most of their lives in terrestrial habitats. Little is known, however, about the spatial distribution of these habitats or of the distances and directions amphibians move to reach breeding sites. The amphibian community at a small, temporary pond in northcentral Florida was monitored for 5 years. Based on captures and recaptures of more than 2500 striped newts (Notophthalmus perstriatus) and 5700 eastern narrow-mouthed toads (Gastrophryne carolinensis), we tabulated the angles of orientation that these amphibians entered and exited the pond basin. Our results showed that movements of these species between the pond and terrestrial habitats were nonrandom in orientation, but that narrow corridors did not appear to be used. Differences between the species likely reflect differences in habitat preferences, whereas intraspecific differences among years and between the sexes likely reflect variation among individuals. For terrestrial buffer zones to be effective at conserving pond-breeding amphibian communities, they need both a distance and a directional component. The determination of a directional component may be obscured if studies are carried out over a short time span. Conservation efforts for wetland-breeding amphibians that concentrate solely on the wetland likely will fail without consideration of the adjacent terrestrial habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97183.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., and Cade, B., 1998, Movement patterns and the conservation of amphibians breeding in small, temporary wetlands: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 331-339, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97183.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"339","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Putnam County","otherGeospatial":"Breezeway Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.95662307562839,\n 29.696250615108752\n ],\n [\n -81.95662307562839,\n 29.693652539858803\n ],\n [\n -81.95341602191513,\n 29.693652539858803\n ],\n [\n -81.95341602191513,\n 29.696250615108752\n ],\n [\n -81.95662307562839,\n 29.696250615108752\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f2ae4b0c8380cd70de6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020650,"text":"70020650 - 1998 - The hyporheic zone as a source of dissolved organic carbon and carbon gases to a temperate forested stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:41:34","indexId":"70020650","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The hyporheic zone as a source of dissolved organic carbon and carbon gases to a temperate forested stream","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to examine chemical changes in porewaters that occur over small scales (cm) as groundwater flows through the hyporheic zone and discharges to a stream in a temperate forest of northern Wisconsin. Hyporheic-zone porewaters were sampled at discrete depths of 2, 10, 15, 61, and 183 cm at three study sites in the study basin. Chemical profiles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CO2, CH4, and pH show dramatic changes between 61 cm sediment depth and the water-sediment interface. Unless discrete samples at small depth intervals are taken, these chemical profiles are not accounted for. Similar trends were observed at the three study locations, despite each site having very different hydraulic-flow regimes. Increases in DOC concentration by an order of magnitude from 61 to 15 cm depth with a corresponding decrease in pH and rapid decreases in the molecular weight of the DOC suggest that aliphatic compounds (likely organic acids) are being generated in the hyporheic zone. Estimated efflux rates of DOC, CO2, and CH4 to the stream are 6.2, 0.79, 0.13 moles m2 d-1, respectively, with the vast majority of these materials produced in the hyporheic zone. Very little of these materials are accounted for by sampling stream water, suggesting rapid uptake and/or volatilization.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006005311257","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Schindler, J., and Krabbenhoft, D., 1998, The hyporheic zone as a source of dissolved organic carbon and carbon gases to a temperate forested stream: Biogeochemistry, v. 43, no. 2, p. 157-174, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006005311257.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006005311257"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacd3e4b08c986b323781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schindler, J.E.","contributorId":14598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. 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P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021137,"text":"70021137 - 1998 - Field and laboratory evidence for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in a Fe(III)-reducing aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021137","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field and laboratory evidence for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in a Fe(III)-reducing aquifer","docAbstract":"Intrinsic bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes in anaerobic aquifers previously has not been considered feasible, due, in large part, to 1) the production of vinyl chloride during microbial reductive dechlorination of higher chlorinated contaminants and 2) the apparent poor biodegradability of vinyl chloride under anaerobic conditions. In this study, a combination of field geochemical analyses and laboratory radiotracer ([1,2-14C] vinyl chloride) experiments was utilized to assess the potential for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in an Fe(III)-reducing, anaerobic aquifer. Microcosm experiments conducted under Fe(III)-reducing conditions with material from the Fe(III)-reducing, chlorinated-ethene contaminated aquifer demonstrated significant oxidation of [1,2-14C] vinyl chloride to 14CO2 with no detectable production of ethene or other reductive dehalogenation products. Rates of degradation derived from the microcosm experiments (0.9-1.3% d-1) were consistent with field-estimated rates (0.03-0.2% d-1) of apparent vinyl chloride degradation. Field estimates of apparent vinyl chloride biodegradation were calculated using two distinct approaches; 1) a solute dispersion model and 2) a mass balance assessment. These findings demonstrate that degradation under Fe(III) reducing conditions can be an environmentally significant mechanism for intrinsic bioremediation of vinyl chloride in anaerobic ground-water systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(97)00058-2","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Wilson, J., 1998, Field and laboratory evidence for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in a Fe(III)-reducing aquifer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 31, no. 1-2, p. 111-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(97)00058-2.","startPage":"111","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(97)00058-2"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa3e4b0c8380cd53975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020620,"text":"70020620 - 1998 - Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020620","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa","docAbstract":"Ground-based spectroscopy of Jupiter's moon Europa, combined with gravity data, suggests that the satellite has an icy crust roughly 150 km thick and a rocky interior. In addition, images obtained by the Voyager spacecraft revealed that Europa's surface is crossed by numerous intersecting ridges and dark bands (called lineae) and is sparsely cratered, indicating that the terrain is probably significantly younger than that of Ganymede and Callisto. It has been suggested that Europa's thin outer ice shell might be separated from the moon's silicate interior by a liquid water layer, delayed or prevented from freezing by tidal heating; in this model, the lineae could be explained by repetitive tidal deformation of the outer ice shell. However, observational confirmation of a subsurface ocean was largely frustrated by the low resolution (>2 km per pixel) of the Voyager images. Here we present high-resolution (54 m per pixel) Galileo spacecraft images of Europa, in which we find evidence for mobile 'icebergs'. The detailed morphology of the terrain strongly supports the presence of liquid water at shallow depths below the surface, either today or at some time in the past. Moreover, lower- resolution observations of much larger regions suggest that the phenomena reported here are widespread.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/34857","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., Belton, M.J., Chapman, C.R., Davies, M.E., Geissler, P., Greenberg, R., McEwen, A.S., Tufts, B., Greeley, R., Sullivan, R., Head, J., Pappalardo, R., Klaasen, K., Johnson, T.V., Kaufman, J., Senske, D., Moore, J., Neukum, G., Schubert, G., Burns, J., Thomas, P., and Veverka, J., 1998, Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa: Nature, v. 391, no. 6665, p. 363-365, https://doi.org/10.1038/34857.","startPage":"363","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34857"},{"id":231190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"391","issue":"6665","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d32e4b0c8380cd52e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, C. R.","contributorId":12984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davies, M. 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Forty-seven diel tracks, locating individuals once per hour for 24 consecutive hours, were collected for four consecutive seasons. High variability in movement both within and among individual brown trout resulted in similar seasonal means in total distance moved, diel range, and displacement. The majority of fish moved a total distance of less than 80 m within a diel range of less than 80 m and had a displacement of less than 10 m. Brown trout were more likely to occur in pool habitat independent of season or period of the day. Hourly movement patterns differed among seasons. During the winter and fall, trout moved only around sunrise; during the spring, they moved around sunrise, sunset, and intermittently throughout the night. Large brown trout (>375 mm, TL) were found to move greater total distances and establish wider diel ranges than small brown trout. Overall, most brown trout exhibited restricted diel movement within a single riffle–pool or run–pool sequence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0630:DMOBTI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Isely, J.J., Burrell, K., and Van Lear, D.H., 1998, Diel movement of brown trout in a southern Appalachian River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 4, p. 630-636, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0630:DMOBTI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"636","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Chattooga River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.93168862842471,\n 35.27778625961855\n ],\n [\n -83.36276394119442,\n 34.473157863190565\n ],\n [\n -82.96398193513524,\n 34.40207994498216\n ],\n [\n -82.61910261415728,\n 35.25133934081943\n ],\n [\n -82.93168862842471,\n 35.27778625961855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00c2e4b0c8380cd4f8e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B. Jr.","contributorId":28766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burrell, K.H.","contributorId":94064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrell","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Lear, D. H.","contributorId":105873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Lear","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014846,"text":"1014846 - 1998 - Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T21:14:17.436145","indexId":"1014846","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish","docAbstract":"Variation in advection or other physical forces may accelerate or delay arrival of young marine fishes into productive nearshore habitats, thereby affecting the length of the available growing season. The bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix is an oceanic spawner whose juvenile stages, upon entry into estuarine waters, become piscivorous and thereby experience greatly increased growth. Size attained during the growing season may therefore be determined by time of arrival into estuarine habitats. We exposed bluefish recently recruited to an estuary to three diet shift treatments in which test fish were fed adult brine shrimp Artemia sp. for 0, 10, or 20 d before they were switched to piscine prey. Bluefish that had a delayed onset of piscivory were smaller after 40 d of growth, indicating that they did not fully compensate for prior periods of slow growth. These bluefish did exhibit immediate moderate growth compensation (about 6% over 10 d) resulting from increased consumption rates, but relatively low growth efficiencies prevented full recovery of their growth losses. Low growth efficiencies may have resulted from an induced developmental handicap or an energetic penalty for prolonged feeding on an Artemia diet. The timing of age-0 bluefish recruitment into estuarine environments can have a lasting influence on size attained during the first growing season.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0576:EOADOO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Buckel, J., Letcher, B., and Conover, D., 1998, Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 4, p. 576-587, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0576:EOADOO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"576","endPage":"587","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624fe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckel, J.A.","contributorId":24732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckel","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conover, D.O.","contributorId":52925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conover","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020236,"text":"70020236 - 1998 - Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T16:03:25.899942","indexId":"70020236","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife","docAbstract":"An expert meeting was organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Stockholm on 15-18 June 1997. The objective of this meeting was to derive consensus toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for both human, fish, and wildlife risk assessment. Based on existing literature data, TEFs were (re)evaluated and either revised (mammals) or established (fish and birds). A few mammalian WHO-TEFs were revised, including 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DF, and PCB 77. These mammalian TEFs are also considered applicable for humans and wild mammalian species. Furthermore, it was concluded that there was insufficient in vivo evidence to continue the use of TEFs for some di-ortho PCBs, as suggested earlier by Ahlborg et al. [Chemosphere 28:1049-1067 (1994)]. In addition, TEFs for fish and birds were determined. The WHO working group attempted to harmonize TEFs across different taxa to the extent possible. However, total synchronization of TEFs was not feasible, as there were orders of a magnitude difference in TEFs between taxa for some compounds. In this respect, the absent or very low response of fish to mono-ortho PCBs is most noticeable compared to mammals and birds. Uncertainties that could compromise the TEF concept were also reviewed, including nonadditive interactions, differences in shape of the dose-response curve, and species responsiveness. In spite of these uncertainties, it was concluded that the TEF concept is still the most plausible and feasible approach for risk assessment of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with dioxinlike properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.98106775","usgsCitation":"Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L., Bosveld, A.T., Brunstrom, B., Cook, P., Feeley, M., Giesy, J., Hanberg, A., Hasegawa, R., Kennedy, S.W., Kubiak, T., Larsen, J.C., Van Leeuwen, F.X., Liem, A.K., Nolt, C., Peterson, R.E., Poellinger, L., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tillitt, D.E., Tysklind, M., Younes, M., Waern, F., and Zacharewski, T., 1998, Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 106, no. 12, p. 775-792, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106775.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"792","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106775","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5cbe4b08c986b3268e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van den Berg, M.","contributorId":101415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van den Berg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birnbaum, L.","contributorId":55177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birnbaum","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bosveld, A. 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Within the first 30 min after release, significantly more smolts passed the modified weir than the standard weir, but no differences in passage rate between weir types were noted for juvenile American shad. More Atlantic salmon smolts and juvenile American shad were passed by the modified weir in groups of two or more than were passed by the standard weir. Mean lengths of passed and nonpassed smolts were not significantly different between weir types, but American shad passed by the sharp‐crested weir were significantly smaller than nonpassed fish. Most individuals of both species that passed the modified weir maintained positive rheotaxis and strong swimming throughout the length of the weir. In addition to acceleration, visual cues may be an important factor in avoidance behaviors near bypass entrances. The observed reduction of delay time before passage and maintenance of school integrity may facilitate appropriate timing of emigration and enhance passage survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0118:EOWAOD>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haro, A., Odeh, M., Noreika, J., and Castro-Santos, T., 1998, Effect of water acceleration on downstream migratory behavior and passage of Atlantic salmon smolts and juvenile American shad at surface bypasses: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 1, p. 118-127, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0118:EOWAOD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noreika, J.","contributorId":51249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Castro-Santos, T. 0000-0003-2575-9120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":12416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020794,"text":"70020794 - 1998 - Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:48:01.300754","indexId":"70020794","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene","docAbstract":"Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride and [1,2-14C]dichloroethene to 14CO2under humic acid-reducing conditions was demonstrated. The results indicate that waterborne contaminants can be oxidized by using humic acid compounds as electron acceptors and suggest that natural aquatic systems have a much larger capacity for contaminant oxidation than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.8.3102-3105.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Lovley, D.R., 1998, Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 3102-3105, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.8.3102-3105.1998.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3102","endPage":"3105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.3102-3105.1998","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3289e4b0c8380cd5e8aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020689,"text":"70020689 - 1998 - Pleistocene to Holocene contrasts in organic matter production and preservation on the California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T23:47:14.837108","indexId":"70020689","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene to Holocene contrasts in organic matter production and preservation on the California continental margin","docAbstract":"Organic matter in sediments from cores collected from the upper continental slope (200–2700 m) off California and southern Oregon shows marked differences in concentration and marine character between the last glacial interval (ca. 24–10 ka) and either Holocene time or last interstadial (oxygen isotope stage 3, ca. 60–24 ka). In general, sediments deposited during Holocene time and stage 3 contain higher amounts of marine organic matter than those deposited during the last glacial interval, and this contrast is greatest in cores collected off southern California. The most profound differences in stage 3 sediments are between predominantly bioturbated sediments and occasional interbeds of laminated sediments. The sediments are from cores collected within the present oxygen minimum zone on the upper continental slope from as far north as the Oregon-California border to as far south as Point Conception. These upper Pleistocene laminated sediments contain more abundant hydrogen-rich (type II) marine algal organic matter than even surface sediments that have large amounts of nonrefractory organic matter. The stable carbon-isotopic composition of the organic matter does not change with time between bioturbated and laminated sediments, indicating that the greater abundance of type II organic matter in the laminated sediments is not due to a change in source but rather represents a greater degree of production and preservation of marine organic matter. The presence of abundant, well-preserved organic matter supports the theory that the oxygen minimum zone in the northeastern Pacific Ocean was more intense, and possibly anoxic, during late Pleistocene time as a result of increased coastal upwelling that enhanced algal productivity.
Ground-motion records from aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake and mainshock records from the 1971 San Fernando, 1987 Whittier Narrows, 1991 Sierra Madre, and 1994 Northridge earthquakes are used to estimate site response relative to a rock site for the urban Los Angeles area. Site response is estimated at 232 mainshock and 201 aftershock sites relative to a low-amplitude site in the Santa Monica Mountains. Average amplification values are calculated for the frequency bands: 1 to 3, 3 to 5, and 5 to 7 Hz. These bands are chosen based on limitations in aftershock recording equipment at lower frequencies and reduced significance to the building inventory at higher frequencies. Site amplification factors determined at the instrumented locations are grouped by the surficial geology and contoured to produce a continuous spatial estimation of amplification. The maps in this article represent the first attempt to produce estimates of site amplification based on observations of ground motion for such a large areal extent of the Los Angeles region. These maps are expected to evolve as more data become available and more analysis is done.
In natural ground water systems, both chlorine and bromine occur primarily as monovalent anions, chloride and bromide. Although dissolution or precipitation of halite, biological activity in the root zone, anion sorption, and exchange can affect chloride/bromide ratios in some settings, movement of the ions in potable ground water is most often conservative. Atmospheric precipitation will generally have mass ratios between 50 and 150; shallow ground water, between 100 and 200; domestic sewage, between 300 and 600; water affected by dissolution of halite, between 1000 and 10,000; and summer runoff from urban streets, between 10 and 100. These, and other distinctive elemental ratios, are useful in the reconstruction of the origin and movement of ground water, as illustrated by case studies investigating sources of salinity in ground water from Alberta, Kansas, and Arizona, and infiltration rates and pathways at Yucca Mountain, Nevada.
We have carried out two-dimensional (2-D) numerical experiments on the bulk flow of a layer of fluid that is driven in a strike-slip sense by constant velocities applied at its boundaries. The fluid has the (linearized) conventional rheology assumed to apply to lower crust/upper mantle rocks. The temperature dependence of the effective viscosity of the fluid and the shear heating that accompanies deformation have been incorporated into the calculations, as has thermal conduction in an overlying crustal layer. Two end-member boundary conditions have been considered, corresponding to a strong upper crust driving a weaker ductile substrate and a strong ductile layer driving a passive, weak crust. In many cases of practical interest, shear heating is concentrated close to the axial plane of the shear zone for either boundary condition. For these cases, the resulting steady state temperature field is well approximated by a cylindrical heat source embedded in a conductive half-space at a depth corresponding to the top of the fluid layer. This approximation, along with the application of a theoretical result for one-dimensional shear zones, permits us to obtain simple analytical approximations to the thermal effects of 2-D ductile shear zones for a range of assumed rheologies and crustal geotherms, making complex numerical calculations unnecessary. Results are compared with observable effects on heat flux near the San Andreas fault using constraints on the slip distribution across the entire fault system. Ductile shearing in the lower crust or upper mantle can explain the observed increase in surface heat flux southeast of the Mendocino triple junction and match the amplitude of the regional heat flux anomaly in the California Coast Ranges. Because ductile dissipation depends only weakly on slip rate, faults moving only a few millimeters per year can be important heat sources, and the superposition of effects of localized ductile shearing on both currently active and now inactive strands of the San Andreas system can explain the breadth of the heat flux anomaly across central California.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB02274","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., and England, P., 1998, Ductile shear zones beneath strike-slip faults: Implications for the thermomechanics of the San Andreas fault zone: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 1, p. 891-905, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02274.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"905","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479836,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb02274","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0414e4b0c8380cd50787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"England, P.C.","contributorId":96447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"England","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194184,"text":"70194184 - 1998 - Review of 'The golden eagle' by Jeff Watson ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T16:11:58","indexId":"70194184","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Review of 'The golden eagle' by Jeff Watson ","title":"Review of 'The golden eagle' by Jeff Watson ","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Proterozoic diabase of the Dripping Spring range occurs as sills in the Proterozoic Apache Group and the Troy Quartzite and as intrustive sheets in basement rocks. The aggregate thickness of the diabase sills and intrusive sheets averages about 450 m in the part of the range showing little mid-Tertiary extension. Laramide alteration is of two types, dominated by chlorite and actinolite, respectively, and formed mostly from clinopyroxene. Actinolite-dominated assemblages are higher in Na and Ca. Hydrothermal biotite is common in the central areas of both alteration types. Laramide alteration forms two distribution patterns: a subsequent pattern centered on Laramide intrusions and small porphyry deposits, characterized by actinolitic alteration, and a more extensive branching linear pattern that follows Laramide structures, centered on the larger Ray porphyry deposit, extending toward other Laramide districts and showing both alteration types. Alteration has apparently mobilized copper and other metals from diabase. The freshest diabase samples average about 120 ppm copper with little variation. In chloritic alteration, about 100 ppm of this copper is expelled in the most completely altered rocks. In actinolitic alteration, diabase may either gain or lose copper during alteration. Chloritic alteration constitutes roughly 70 percent of the diabase alteration in the study area, where alteration averages 41 percent complete. This implies liberation of about 9X10 6 tons (t) copper from diabase alteration, significantly less than the 16X10 6 t copper in Laramide mineral deposits of the superdistrict Ray, Superior. Chilito. Christmas. However, diabase alteration may have been a significant component of the supply of copper to the Laramide mineral districts of the area. Synmineral magmatic sources of copper are not documented in this area. The distribution of Proterozoic diabase coincides with the central part of the southeastern Arizona copper province, which may thus owe much copper availability to an unusual abundance of diabase. However, many unanswered questions remain about metal supply from altering diabase.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.93.2.171","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., 1998, Laramide alteration of proterozoic diabase: A likely contributor of copper to porphyry systems in the dripping spring mountains area, Southeastern Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 93, no. 2, p. 171-183, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.93.2.171.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4471e4b0c8380cd66af5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020668,"text":"70020668 - 1998 - Paleoseismic investigations in the Santa Cruz mountains, California: Implications for recurrence of large-magnitude earthquakes on the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:48:55.410176","indexId":"70020668","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismic investigations in the Santa Cruz mountains, California: Implications for recurrence of large-magnitude earthquakes on the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"Trenching, microgeomorphic mapping, and tree ring analysis provide information on timing of paleoearthquakes and behavior of the San Andreas fault in the Santa Cruz mountains. At the Grizzly Flat site alluvial units dated at 1640–1659 A.D., 1679–1894 A.D., 1668–1893 A.D., and the present ground surface are displaced by a single event. This was the 1906 surface rupture. Combined trench dates and tree ring analysis suggest that the penultimate event occurred in the mid-1600 s, possibly in an interval as narrow as 1632–1659 A.D. There is no direct evidence in the trenches for the 1838 or 1865 earthquakes, which have been proposed as occurring on this part of the fault zone. In a minimum time of about 340 years only one large surface faulting event (1906) occurred at Grizzly Flat, in contrast to previous recurrence estimates of 95–110 years for the Santa Cruz mountains segment. Comparison with dates of the penultimate San Andreas earthquake at sites north of San Francisco suggests that the San Andreas fault between Point Arena and the Santa Cruz mountains may have failed either as a sequence of closely timed earthquakes on adjacent segments or as a single long rupture similar in length to the 1906 rupture around the mid-1600 s. The 1906 coseismic geodetic slip and the late Holocene geologic slip rate on the San Francisco peninsula and southward are about 50–70% and 70% of their values north of San Francisco, respectively. The slip gradient along the 1906 rupture section of the San Andreas reflects partitioning of plate boundary slip onto the San Gregorio, Sargent, and other faults south of the Golden Gate. If a mid-1600 s event ruptured the same section of the fault that failed in 1906, it supports the concept that long strike-slip faults can contain master rupture segments that repeat in both length and slip distribution. Recognition of a persistent slip rate gradient along the northern San Andreas fault and the concept of a master segment remove the requirement that lower slip sections of large events such as 1906 must fill in on a periodic basis with smaller and more frequent earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB00701","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, D.P., Pantosti, D., Okumura, K., Powers, T.J., and Hamilton, J.C., 1998, Paleoseismic investigations in the Santa Cruz mountains, California: Implications for recurrence of large-magnitude earthquakes on the San Andreas fault: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 8, p. 17985-18001, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00701.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"17985","endPage":"18001","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489093,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb00701","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7444e4b0c8380cd77554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pantosti, D.","contributorId":66013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantosti","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okumura, K.","contributorId":90060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okumura","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, T. J.","contributorId":18391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, J. C.","contributorId":61837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020597,"text":"70020597 - 1998 - Urinary 3-methylhistidine and progressive winter undernutrition in white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T13:20:49.9255","indexId":"70020597","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urinary 3-methylhistidine and progressive winter undernutrition in white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Mapping Project is a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, with support from the University of New Brunswick and the Canadian Hydrographic Survey. The survey was conducted on four cruises over a two-year period from the fall of 1994 to the fall of 1996. The project is mapping an area of 1100 square nautical miles. The maps show a series of 18 quadrangles (see location map) in which sea floor topography is presented at a scale of 1:25,000.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98138","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Baker, J.L., Unger, T.S., and Polloni, C.F., 1998, Sea floor topographic map and perspective-view imagery of quadrangles 1-18, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-138, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98138.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108393,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13254.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Jessica L.","contributorId":65111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unger, Tanya S.","contributorId":29013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Polloni, Christopher F.","contributorId":93087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polloni","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021092,"text":"70021092 - 1998 - Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T11:13:42","indexId":"70021092","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments","docAbstract":"Natural variations in concentrations of 18O, D, and H4SiO4 in two tributary catchments of Woods Lake in the west-central Adirondack Mountains of New York were measured during 1989–1991 to examine runoff processes and their implications for the neutralization of acidic precipitation by calcium carbonate treatment. The two catchments are similar except that one contained a 1.3 ha beaver pond. Evaporation from the beaver pond caused a seasonal decrease in the slope of the meteoric water line in stream water from the catchment with a beaver pond (WO2). No corresponding change in slope of the meteoric water line was evident in stream water from the other catchment (WO4), nor in ground water nor soil water from either catchment, indicating that evaporative fractionation was not significant. Application of a best-fit sine curve to δ18O data indicated that base flow in both catchments had a residence time of about 100 days. Ground water from a well finished in thick till had the longest residence time (160 days); soil water from the O-horizon and B-horizon had residence times of 63 and 80 days, respectively. Water previously stored within each catchment (pre-event water) was the predominant component of streamflow during spring snowmelt and during spring and autumn rainfall events, but the proportion of streamflow that consisted of pre-event water differed significantly in the two catchments. The proportion of event water (rain and snowmelt) in WO2 was smaller than at WO4 early in the spring snowmelt of March 13–17, 1990, but the proportions of source water components for the two catchments were almost indistinguishable by the peak flow on the third day of the melt. The event water was further separated into surface-water and subsurface-water components by utilizing measured changes in H4SiO4 concentrations in stream water during the snowmelt. Results indicated that subsurface flow was the dominant pathway by which event water reached the stream except during the peak flow of a rain-on-snow event on the last day of the melt. Streamflow from a spring rain storm with dry antecendent conditions two months later (May 16–18, 1990), was less than 5% event water at peak flow in WO2 and 26% in WO4. This change from the runoff pattern in March is attributed to retention of event water in the beaver pond favored by relatively low pre-event storage and isothermal (nonstratified) conditions in the pond that allowed mixing. Streamflow during several autumn storms was about 15–25% event water at peak flow in WO4; the highest values for event water were associated with wet antecedent moisture conditions. These results indicate that a beaver pond can significantly affect the downstream delivery of event water through evaporation and mixing, but provides minimal retention during large runoff events such as snowmelt. Beaver ponds are expected to provide greater opportunity for neutralization of acidic waters during most of the year in catchments treated with calcium carbonate, but little neutralization effect during snowmelt.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00081-X","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., and McDonnell, J.J., 1998, Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 205, no. 3-4, p. 248-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00081-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"205","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a066be4b0c8380cd5122c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000644,"text":"1000644 - 1998 - Human versus lightning ignition of presettlement surface fires in costal pine forests of the upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:42:51","indexId":"1000644","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human versus lightning ignition of presettlement surface fires in costal pine forests of the upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"To recover direct evidence of surface fires before European settlement, we sectioned fire-scarred logging-era stumps and trees in 39 small, physically isolated sand patches along the Great Lakes coast of northern Michigan and northern Wisconsin. While much information was lost to postharvest fire and stump deterioration, 147 fire-free intervals revealed in cross-sections from 29 coastal sand patches document numerous close interval surface fires before 1910; only one post-1910 fire was documented. Cross-sections from the 10 sections with records spanning >150 yr suggest local fire occurrence rates before 1910 ca. 10 times the present rate of lightning-caused fire. Since fire spread between or into coastal sand patches is rare, and seasonal use of the patches by Native people before 1910 is well documented, both historically and ethnographically, ignition by humans probably accounts for more than half of the pre-1910 fires recorded in cross-sections.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0206:HVLIOP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Loope, W.L., and Anderton, J.B., 1998, Human versus lightning ignition of presettlement surface fires in costal pine forests of the upper Great Lakes: American Midland Naturalist, v. 140, no. 2, p. 206-218, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0206:HVLIOP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"218","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a5a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderton, John B.","contributorId":23880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderton","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020112,"text":"70020112 - 1998 - Collision-induced tectonism along the northwestern margin of the Indian subcontinent as recorded in the Upper Paleocene to Middle Eocene strata of central Pakistan (Kirthar and Sulaiman Ranges)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:49:42","indexId":"70020112","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Collision-induced tectonism along the northwestern margin of the Indian subcontinent as recorded in the Upper Paleocene to Middle Eocene strata of central Pakistan (Kirthar and Sulaiman Ranges)","docAbstract":"Outcrop data from the Upper Paleocene to Middle Eocene Ghazij Formation of central Pakistan provide information about the depositional environments, source areas, and paleogeographic and tectonic settings along the northwestern margin of the Indian subcontinent during the closing of the Tethys Ocean. In this region, in the lower part of the exposed stratigraphic sequence, are various marine carbonate-shelf deposits (Jurassic to Upper Paleocene). Overlying these strata is the Ghazij, which consists of marine mudstone (lower part), paralic sandstone and mudstone (middle part), and terrestrial mudstone and conglomerate (upper part). Petrographic examination of sandstone samples from the middle and upper parts reveals that rock fragments of the underlying carbonate-shelf deposits are dominant; also present are volcanic rock fragments and chromite grains. Paleocurrent measurements from the middle and upper parts suggest that source areas were located northwest of the study area. We postulate that the source areas were uplifted by the collision of the subcontinent with a landmass during the final stages of the closing of the Tethys Ocean. Middle Eocene carbonate-shelf deposits that overlie the Ghazij record a return to marine conditions prior to the Miocene to Pleistocene sediment influx denoting the main collision with Eurasia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00066-2","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Johnson, E., and Khan, I.H., 1998, Collision-induced tectonism along the northwestern margin of the Indian subcontinent as recorded in the Upper Paleocene to Middle Eocene strata of central Pakistan (Kirthar and Sulaiman Ranges): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 142, no. 3-4, p. 201-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00066-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"216","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7b5e4b0c8380cd4cc77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Edward A.","contributorId":25552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Edward A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khan, Intizar H.","contributorId":69536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khan","given":"Intizar","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16954,"text":"Geological Survey of Pakistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}