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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computer mapping for resource analysis—Proceedings of an international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"publisher":"Instituto de Geografia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., Menzie, W., and DeYoung, J., 1978, Regional mineral resource assessment in Alaska, a case history, in Computer mapping for resource analysis—Proceedings of an international conference, p. 265-272.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15cb47e4b092d9651e23f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeYoung, John H. Jr. jdeyoung@usgs.gov","contributorId":190728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"John H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jdeyoung@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182450,"text":"70182450 - 1978 - Arsenic in streams, stream sediments, and ground water, Fairbanks area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T17:01:06","indexId":"70182450","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in streams, stream sediments, and ground water, Fairbanks area, Alaska","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations of less than 5 ppb to as large as 1,260 ppb in stream waters and from 5 ppm to 4,000 ppm in stream sediments were found in the Pedro Dome-Cleary Summit area, Alaska. Waters from three of 20 wells sampled had arsenic concentrations exceeding the U.S. Public Health Service recommended limit of 50 ppb. The high arsenic levels are a consequence of arsenic enrichment in the rocks of the area. Placer and lode-gold mining may increase the arsenic content of the waters by exposing arsenic-containing rocks to surface waters and by increasing the load of arsenic-rich sediments in the streams. Finding these disturbingly large concentrations of arsenic in the waters of the Fairbanks area was the major result of this work, inasmuch as a subsequent study (to be published) revealed arsenic concentrations as large as 10 ppm in domestic wells and prompted an extensive study by Federal and State agencies of the health hazard posed by these arsenic-rich waters.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977 (Circular 772-B)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70180239","usgsCitation":"Silberman, M.L., Csejtey, B., Smith, J., Lanphere, M.A., and Wilson, F.H., 1978, New potassium-argon data on the age of mineralization and metamorphism in the Willow Creek mining district, southern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 772-B, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180239.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"B-65","endPage":"B-69","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0772b/report.pdf#page=72","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Talkeetna Mountains, Willow Creek mining district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.09619140625,\n 60.78598138475315\n ],\n [\n -144.11865234375,\n 60.78598138475315\n ],\n [\n -144.11865234375,\n 61.70549883819642\n ],\n [\n -146.09619140625,\n 61.70549883819642\n ],\n [\n -146.09619140625,\n 60.78598138475315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c7c7e4b0ba3b075e0658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silberman, Miles L.","contributorId":23947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":98712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":46198,"text":"ofr78558H - 1978 - Map showing geochemical distribution and abundance of gold in stream sediments and heavy mineral concentrates, Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T13:49:13.568317","indexId":"ofr78558H","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-558","chapter":"H","title":"Map showing geochemical distribution and abundance of gold in stream sediments and heavy mineral concentrates, Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78558L","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.J., Curtin, G., and Csejtey, B., 1978, Map showing geochemical distribution and abundance of bismuth in stream sediments and heavy mineral concentrates, Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-558, 1 Plate: 37.88 x 34.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78558L.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.88 x 34.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74884.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":83112,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0558l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 63\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtin, G.C.","contributorId":89501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":46035,"text":"ofr78558B - 1978 - Map and table describing metalliferous and selected nonmetalliferous mineral deposits, Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T20:19:46.128507","indexId":"ofr78558B","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-558","chapter":"B","title":"Map and table describing metalliferous and selected nonmetalliferous mineral deposits, Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78464","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., 1978, Oblique map of the Kayak Trough: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-464, 1 Plate: 25.00 x 16.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78464.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 25.00 x 16.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415963,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14730.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":99484,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0464/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kayak Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.5,\n 60.7\n ],\n [\n -145.5,\n 59.5\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 59.5\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 60.7\n ],\n [\n -145.5,\n 60.7\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69657c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46056,"text":"ofr7873E - 1978 - Map showing zinc determined by atomic absorption in stream sediments, Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T21:06:55.358587","indexId":"ofr7873E","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-73","chapter":"E","title":"Map showing zinc determined by atomic absorption in stream sediments, Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7873E","usgsCitation":"Koch, R.D., Elliott, R.L., and Diggles, M.J., 1978, Map showing zinc determined by atomic absorption in stream sediments, Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-73, 1 Plate: 38.64 x 34.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7873E.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.64 x 34.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414928,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14856.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":82987,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0073e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 54.5\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 54.5\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 56\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e42d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Richard D. rkoch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Richard","email":"rkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":232539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Raymond L.","contributorId":82667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diggles, M. J.","contributorId":102853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046178,"text":"70046178 - 1977 - Lisburne Group (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian), potential major hydrocarbon objective of Arctic Slope, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7895,"text":"ofr76786 - 1976 - The Lisburne Group: A potential major hydrocarbon objective of the Arctic Slope, Alaska","indexId":"ofr76786","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"The Lisburne Group: A potential major hydrocarbon objective of the Arctic Slope, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046178,"text":"70046178 - 1977 - Lisburne Group (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian), potential major hydrocarbon objective of Arctic Slope, Alaska","indexId":"70046178","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Lisburne Group (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian), potential major hydrocarbon objective of Arctic Slope, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T16:20:48.469383","indexId":"70046178","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lisburne Group (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian), potential major hydrocarbon objective of Arctic Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Lisburne Group, a thick carbonate-rock unit of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age, is one of the most widespread potential reservoir-rock units in northern Alaska. A comprehensive review of the Lisburne in the subsurface of the eastern Arctic Slope indicates attractive reservoir characteristics in a favorable source and migration setting where numerous trapping mechanisms appear to be available. Evaluation of this group as a potential exploration objective is particularly timely because of impending offshore sales in the Beaufort Sea and current exploration programs under way in the Prudhoe Bay area and the Naval Petroleum Reserve.
Dolomite and sandstone have been identified as reservoir rocks. Oolitic grainstone is a common rock type, but observations indicate little reservoir potential owing to complete void filling by calcite cement. The most important reservoir rock as judged by thickness, areal extent, and predictability is microsucrosic (10 to 30μ) dolomite of intertidal to supratidal origin. It is present throughout the Lisburne and is most abundant near the middle of the sequence. Northward it decreases in thickness from 1,000 ft (300 m) to less than 100 ft (30 m). Porosity of the dolomite as determined in selected wells averages between 10 and 15% and attains a maximum of slightly more than 25%. Net thickness of reservoir rocks (i.e., rocks with greater than 5% porosity) ranges in these wells from 140 to 390 ft (40 to 120 m). Oil shows are common, and drill-stem tests have yielded as much as 1,600 bbl/day of oil and 22 MMcf/day of gas in the Lisburne pool of the Prudhoe Bay field and as much as 2,057 bbl/day of salt water outside the field area. The occurrence of dolomite over such a large area makes its presence in the offshore Beaufort Sea and adjacent Naval Petroleum Reserve 4 fairly certain. The presence of sandstone as thick as 140 ft (40 m) in the middle and upper part of the Lisburne in two coastal wells suggests that larger areas of sandstone may be found on the north in offshore areas. Shows of oil and gas and a saltwater flow of 1,470 bbl/day have been recorded from this sandstone facies.
Shales of Permian and Cretaceous ages unconformably overlie the Lisburne, providing adequate sealing beds above potential reservoirs. Impermeable limestone (completely cemented grainstone) and thin beds of shale may serve as seals within the Lisburne, but the possibility of fractures in these units may negate their sealing capability.
The most favorable source rock for Lisburne hydrocarbons appears to be Cretaceous shale that unconformably overlies the Lisburne east of Prudhoe Bay. This shale is reported to be a rich source rock and is the most likely source for the entire Prudhoe Bay field. A source within the Lisburne or within the underlying Kayak Shale is postulated for oil shows in the southernmost Lisburne wells. This postulated source may be in a more basinal facies of the Lisburne and may be similar to dark shale in the upper Lisburne in thrust slices to dark shale in the upper Lisburne in thrust slices in the Brooks Range. Coal in the underlying Endicott Group is a possible source for dry gas. At present, much of this coal probably is in a gas-generating regime downdip from the Prudhoe Bay field.
Stratigraphic traps involving the Lisburne Group may have resulted from widespread Permian and Cretaceous unconformities. Structural traps related to normal faulting may be present along the trend of the Barrow arch, and faulted anticlines are numerous in the foothills of the Brooks Range. Combination traps are possible along the trend of the Barrow arch.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/C1EA45BD-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., and Jordan, C.F., 1977, Lisburne Group (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian), potential major hydrocarbon objective of Arctic Slope, Alaska: AAPG Bulletin, v. 61, no. 9, p. 1493-1512, https://doi.org/10.1306/C1EA45BD-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1493","endPage":"1512","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141,\n 72.4734904387575\n ],\n [\n -167.27168160592308,\n 72.4734904387575\n ],\n [\n -167.27168160592308,\n 66.28413846905073\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 66.28413846905073\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 72.4734904387575\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a7236ae4b09db86f875d06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Clifton F.","contributorId":95203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043278,"text":"70043278 - 1977 - Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12910,"text":"ofr76294 - 1976 - Submarine faults and slides that disrupt surficial sedimentary units, northern Gulf of Alaska","indexId":"ofr76294","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Submarine faults and slides that disrupt surficial sedimentary units, northern Gulf of Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043278,"text":"70043278 - 1977 - Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska","indexId":"70043278","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-09T18:53:59","indexId":"70043278","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Submarine faults and slides or slumps of Quaternary age are potential environmental hazards on the outer continental shelf (OCS) of the northern Gulf of Alaska. Most faults that approach or reach the seafloor cut strata that may be equivalent in age to the upper Yakataga Formation (Pliocene‐Pleistocene). Along several faults, the seafloor is vertically offset from 5 to 20 m. A few faults appear to cut Holocene sediments, but none of these shows displacement at the seafloor. Submarine slides or slumps have been found in two places in the OCS region: (1) seaward of the Malaspina Glacier and Icy Bay, an area of 1200 km2 with a slope of less than 0.5°, and (2) across the entire span of the Copper river prodelta, an area of 1730 km2, having a slope of about 0.5°. Seismic profiles across these areas show disrupted reflectors and irregular topography commonly associated with submarine slides or slumps. Potential slide or slump areas have been delineated in areas of thick sediment accumulation and relatively steep slopes. These areas include (1) Kayak Trough, (2) parts of Hinchinbrook Entrance and Sea Valley, (3) parts of the outer shelf and upper slope between Kayak Island and Yakutat Bay, and (4) Bering Trough.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/10641197709379784","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., and Molnia, B.F., 1977, Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska: Marine Geotechnology, v. 2, no. 1-4, p. 275-290, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641197709379784.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"290","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267161,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641197709379784"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51177e06e4b0893acf3fffd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220872,"text":"5220872 - 1977 - Bird atlasing in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"5220872","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3099,"text":"Polish Ecological Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird atlasing in the United States","docAbstract":"Since the Breeding Bird Survey provides an annual quantitative sample of about 75% of the 1? blocks of latitude and longitude in every state except Alaska and Hawaii, and 47% of the 1/2? blocks (equivalent on the average to a 48 km square), no national Atlas based on merely presence or absence has been contemplated. Conventional atlases are in progress in the states of Maryland (2.5 km), Massaohusetts (5 km) and Vermont (5 km) and in parts of 3 other states. Quantitative studies including mapping have been published for North Dakota (10 km) and are in progress in Wyoming (1?). A Montana project (1?) is continuing. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polish Ecological Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1977, Bird atlasing in the United States: Polish Ecological Studies, v. 3, no. 4, p. 325-328.","productDescription":"325-328","startPage":"325","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db6164e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164406,"text":"70164406 - 1977 - Platinum, palladium, and rhodium in volcanic and plutonic rocks from the Gravina-Nutzotin belt, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T12:43:02","indexId":"70164406","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Platinum, palladium, and rhodium in volcanic and plutonic rocks from the Gravina-Nutzotin belt, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Gravina-Nutzotin belt of Middle (?) Jurassic to middle Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks in south and southeastern Alaska includes concentrically zoned ultramafic complexes known to contain platinum-group metals. Previous isotopic, petrologic, and geologic studies suggested a close relation in time and space between the volcanic rocks and the ultramafic complexes. Interpretation of 40 analyses for platinum, palladium, and rhodium in volcanic and plutonic rocks of the belt indicates a strong geochemical correlation between the two groups of rocks and is in support of their being cogenetic either from directly connected magma chambers and flows or indirectly by selective concentration processes from similar mantle material.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., Berg, H., and Haffty, J., 1977, Platinum, palladium, and rhodium in volcanic and plutonic rocks from the Gravina-Nutzotin belt, Alaska: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 5, p. 629-636.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"636","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136,\n 54.5\n ],\n [\n -136,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 54.5\n ],\n [\n -136,\n 54.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33320e4b0cc79997f341a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, Henry C.","contributorId":73176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Henry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haffty, Joseph","contributorId":79450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffty","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164404,"text":"70164404 - 1977 - Rare earths, thorium, and other minor elements in sphene from some plutonic rocks in west-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T12:33:28","indexId":"70164404","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earths, thorium, and other minor elements in sphene from some plutonic rocks in west-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Sphene is an abundant accessory mineral in some abnormally radioactive plutonic rocks in west-central Alaska. Seven samples of sphene from four different areas in west-central Alaska contained from 20350 to 39180 parts per million total rare earths and 390 to 2000 ppm thorium. The lanthanide content in six of the seven sphenes is chiefly the light rare earths and is similar to that of crustal abundance; a seventh sphene from the Darby Mountains, however, contains above average amounts of the heavy rare earths. A comparison of the lanthanide distribution in sphene from several areas indicates that the structure of sphene will accommodate whatever lanthanides are available when the mineral crystallizes. The amount of thorium and rare earths in sphene is also affected by the presence of other accessory minerals. Sphene in rocks containing either allanite or zircon has a lower thorium content than in rocks that do not contain allanite or zircon. Sphene, because of its abundance, may contain the greater part of the rare earths and thorium in some of the plutonic rocks of west-central Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Staatz, M.H., Conklin, N.M., and Brownfield, I.K., 1977, Rare earths, thorium, and other minor elements in sphene from some plutonic rocks in west-central Alaska: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 5, p. 623-628.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"628","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":316521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Darby Mountains, Granite Mountain, Selawik Hills, Zane Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167,\n 63.5\n ],\n [\n -167,\n 66.5\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 66.5\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 63.5\n ],\n [\n -167,\n 63.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33321e4b0cc79997f3439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staatz, Mortimer H.","contributorId":55494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staatz","given":"Mortimer","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conklin, Nancy M.","contributorId":106108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle K.","contributorId":97108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70009770,"text":"70009770 - 1977 - Radiocarbon dates and late-Quaternary stratigraphy from Mamontova Gora, unglaciated central Yakutia, Siberia, U.S.S.R.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T16:45:01.848521","indexId":"70009770","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon dates and late-Quaternary stratigraphy from Mamontova Gora, unglaciated central Yakutia, Siberia, U.S.S.R.","docAbstract":"A fine exposure of perennially frozen ice-rich silt and associated flora and vertebrate fauna of late-Quaternary age exists at Mamontova Gora along the Aldan River in central Yakutia, Siberia, U.S.S.R. The silt deposit caps a 50-m-high terrace and consists of three units. An upper layer 1–2 m thick overlies a 10–15-m-thick brownish to black silt layer. The lower silt layer is greenish to gray and about 15 m thick. All the silt is well sorted with 60% of the particles falling between 0.005 and 0.5 mm in diameter and is generally chemically and mineralogically homogeneous. The middle unit contains may extinct vertebrate mammal remains and ice wedges. The lower unit contains little vegetation and no ice wedges. The silt is widespread and exists as a loamy blanket on terraces at various elevations on both sides of the lower Aldan River. The origin of the silt blanket of late-Quaternary age in central Yakutia has long been controversial. Various hypotheses have been suggested, including lacustrine and alluvial, as well as frost-action origins. It is sometimes referred to as loess-like loam. Péwé believes the silt at Mamontova Gora is loess, some of which has been retransported very short distances by water. The silt probably was blown from wide, braided, unvegetated flood plains of rivers draining nearby glaciers. The silt deposits are late Quaternary in age and probably associated with the Maximum glaciation (Samarov) and Sartan and Syryan glaciations of Wisconsinan age. On the basis of biostratigraphy, 10 radiocarbon dates, and their relation to the nearby glacial record, it is felt that the upper unit at Mamontova Gora is Holocene and the middle unit is Wisconsinan. The youngest date available from the middle unit at this particular location is 26,000 years. Dates greater than 56,000 years were obtained in the lower part of the middle unit. The lower unit is definitely beyond the range of radiocarbon dating and probably is older than the last interglacial. The sediment, fauna, ice wedges, stratigraphy, and age of perennially frozen slit deposits in central Alaska are remarkably similar to those of the deposits exposed in central Yakutia. Both areas consist of unglaciated rolling lowlands and river terraces surrounded by high mountains that were extensively glaciated in Pleistocene time. The glaciers extended from the high mountains to the edges of the ranges. In both regions, extensively braided, silt-charged rivers drained the mountains and flowed through the lowlands on their way to the sea. It follows that there should be a similar late-Quaternary history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(77)90056-4","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Pewe, T.L., Journaux, A., and Stuckenrath, R., 1977, Radiocarbon dates and late-Quaternary stratigraphy from Mamontova Gora, unglaciated central Yakutia, Siberia, U.S.S.R.: Quaternary Research, v. 8, no. 1, p. 51-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(77)90056-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Siberia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 67.65387774806533,\n 81.31005430433049\n ],\n [\n 67.65387774806533,\n 49.88407908375689\n ],\n [\n 105.33401707666286,\n 49.88407908375689\n ],\n [\n 105.33401707666286,\n 81.31005430433049\n ],\n [\n 67.65387774806533,\n 81.31005430433049\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93d7e4b0c8380cd81067","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pewe, T. L.","contributorId":35786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pewe","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journaux, A.","contributorId":28360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journaux","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckenrath, R.","contributorId":51451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckenrath","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70009937,"text":"70009937 - 1977 - Geology of the dry creek site; a stratified early man site in Interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T16:48:26.433698","indexId":"70009937","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the dry creek site; a stratified early man site in Interior Alaska","docAbstract":"The Dry Creek archeologic site contains a stratified record of late Pleistocene human occupation in central Alaska. Four archeologic components occur within a sequence of multiple loess and sand layers which together form a 2-m cap above weathered glacial outwash. The two oldest components appear to be of late Pleistocene age and occur with the bones of extinct game animals. Geologic mapping, stratigraphic correlations, radiocarbon dating, and sediment analyses indicate that the basal loess units formed part of a widespread blanket that was associated with an arctic steppe environment and with stream aggradation during waning phases of the last major glaciation of the Alaska Range. These basal loess beds contain artifacts for which radiocarbon dates and typologic correlations suggest a time range of perhaps 12,000–9000 yr ago. A long subsequent episode of cultural sterility was associated with waning loess deposition and development of a cryoturbated tundra soil above shallow permafrost. Sand deposition from local source areas predominated during the middle and late Holocene, and buried Subarctic Brown Soils indicate that a forest fringe developed on bluff-edge sand sheets along Dry Creek. The youngest archeologic component, which is associated with the deepest forest soil, indicates intermittent human occupation of the site between about 4700 and 3400 14C yr BP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(77)90034-5","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Thorson, R., and Hamilton, T.D., 1977, Geology of the dry creek site; a stratified early man site in Interior Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 7, no. 2, p. 149-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(77)90034-5.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"176","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.06386213954727,\n 64.46264451349487\n ],\n [\n -152.06386213954727,\n 62.291075820910635\n ],\n [\n -148.12955072716622,\n 62.291075820910635\n ],\n [\n -148.12955072716622,\n 64.46264451349487\n ],\n [\n -152.06386213954727,\n 64.46264451349487\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26e4e4b0c8380cd59444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorson, R.M.","contributorId":74132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009981,"text":"70009981 - 1977 - Structure and sediment distribution in the western Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T13:55:21.623452","indexId":"70009981","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and sediment distribution in the western Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Eleven seismic reflection profiles across Shirshov Ridge and the adjacent deep-water sedimentary basins (Komandorsky and Aleutian Basins) are presented to illustrate the sediment distribution in the western Bering Sea. A prominent seismic reflecting horizon, Reflector P (Middle—Late Miocene in age), is observed throughout both the Aleutian and Komandorsky Basins at an approximate subbottom depth of 1 km. This reflector is also present, in places, on the flanks and along the crest of Shirshov Ridge. The thickness of sediments beneath Reflector P is significantly different within the two abyssal basins. In the Aleutian Basin, the total subbottom depth to acoustic basement (basalt?) is about 4 km, while in the Komandorsky Basin the depth is about 2 km.
Shirshov Ridge, a Cenozoic volcanic feature that separates the Aleutian and Komandorsky Basins, is an asymmetric bathymetric ridge characterized by thick sediments along its eastern flank and steep scarps on its western side. The southern portion of the ridge has more structural relief that includes several deep, sediment-filled basins along its summit.
Velocity data from sonobuoy measurements indicate that acoustic basement in the Komandorsky Basin has an average compressional wave velocity of 5.90 km/sec. This value is considerably larger than the velocities measured for acoustic basement in the northwestern Aleutian Basin (about 5.00 km/sec) and in the central Aleutian Basin (5.40–5.57 km/sec). In the northwestern Aleutian Basin, the low-velocity acoustic basement may be volcaniclastic sediments or other indurated sediments that are overlying true basaltic basement. A refracting horizon with similar velocities (4.6–5.0 km/sec) as acoustic basement dips steeply beneath the Siberian continental margin, reaching a maximum subbottom depth of about 8 km. The thick welt of sediment at the base of the Siberian margin may be the result of sediment loading or tectonic depression prior to Late Cenozoic time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(77)90074-3","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Rabinowitz, P.D., and Cooper, A., 1977, Structure and sediment distribution in the western Bering Sea: Marine Geology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 309-320, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(77)90074-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"320","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"western Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 56.285168320056385\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 51.00071364602036\n ],\n [\n -174.83958193767174,\n 51.00071364602036\n ],\n [\n -174.83958193767174,\n 56.285168320056385\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 56.285168320056385\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 56.28905975329704\n ],\n [\n 164.84405712674976,\n 56.28905975329704\n ],\n [\n 164.84405712674976,\n 50.95540695542479\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 50.95540695542479\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 56.28905975329704\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c2ce4b08c986b31d2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabinowitz, P. D.","contributorId":102624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabinowitz","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A.","contributorId":47517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68175,"text":"ha583 - 1977 - Reconnaissance hydrology of Portage Glacier basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T22:26:10.320534","indexId":"ha583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"583","title":"Reconnaissance hydrology of Portage Glacier basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"Early reports of conditions in Portage Pass, Alaska, provide evidence that Portage Glacier was formerly larger and thicker. Past conditions, recent history, current retreat, and possible future changes are summarized from an analysis of reports, photographs of the glacier (1939, 1950, and annually since about 1960), and data on snow and ice balance and bathymetry (1972). Between 1900 and 1972, the glacier terminus retreated 3.4 kilometers, and the lower part of the glacier thinned 200 meters. Climatic change controlled the retreat until about 1930; since then deep water at the terminus has influenced the calving retreat. The calving rate and present terminus position cannot be sustained by current climatic conditions and rate of snow accumulation. Thus the glacier will continue to recede until the terminus stabilizes in shallower water, probably about 1.5 kilometers upvalley from the present terminus and in about year 2020, assuming no change in present climatic conditions and calving rate. Possible small climatic changes could cause a shift in the point at which annual snow accumulation equals annual ablation (500 meters) and a corresponding change in terminus behavior. Potential natural hazards include avalanches, outburst floods from ice-dammed lakes, and unstable icebergs.
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