{"pageNumber":"3554","pageRowStart":"88825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":23158,"text":"ofr97470E - 1997 - Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geologic provinces of the former Soviet Union","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-25T16:42:07.461324","indexId":"ofr97470E","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-11T11:15:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-470","chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Maps Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields and Geologic Provinces of the Former Soviet Union","title":"Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geologic provinces of the former Soviet Union","docAbstract":"<p>This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of the Former Soviet Union. The map is part of a worldwide series on CD-ROM by the World Energy Project released of the U.S. Geological Survey. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world and report these results by the year 2000. For data management purposes the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. The Former Soviet Union (Region 1) includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Each region was then further divided into geologic provinces on the basis of natural geologic entities and may include a dominant structural element or a number of contiguous elements. Some provinces contain multiple genetically related basins. Geologic province boundaries for the Former Soviet Union were delineated using data from a number of geologic maps and other tectonic and geographic data (see References). Offshore province boundaries were defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour from the map edited by Gabrielyants, 1990 (see References). Each province was assigned a unique number; the first digit is the region number; province numbers follow. An attempt was made to number the provinces in geographical groups; onshore, offshore, and combined on and offshore. The numbering starts in the west.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470E","usgsCitation":"Persits, F.M., Ulmishek, G.F., and Steinshouer, D.W., 1999, Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geologic provinces of the former Soviet Union: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-E, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470E.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424680,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93X2YLR","text":"Geologic Provinces of the Former Soviet Union","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470E/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":368261,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470E/ofr97470E.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-E"},{"id":424681,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GUL0PQ","text":"Generalized Geology of the Former Soviet Union","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"former Soviet Union","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              33.75,\n              70.72897946208789\n            ],\n            [\n              27.773437499999996,\n              69.28725695167886\n            ],\n            [\n              34.1015625,\n              61.938950426660604\n            ],\n            [\n              22.5,\n              60.413852350464914\n            ],\n            [\n              25.3125,\n              49.83798245308484\n            ],\n            [\n              35.5078125,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              48.8671875,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              49.5703125,\n              47.517200697839414\n            ],\n            [\n              69.60937499999999,\n              41.244772343082076\n            ],\n            [\n              130.78125,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              153.28125,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ],\n            [\n              184.5703125,\n              61.60639637138628\n            ],\n            [\n              189.140625,\n              67.87554134672945\n            ],\n            [\n              129.0234375,\n              76.9206135182968\n            ],\n            [\n              67.8515625,\n              77.38950400539731\n            ],\n            [\n              33.75,\n              70.72897946208789\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Data processing steps</li><li>References</li><li>Geologic provinces in the Former Soviet Union, sorted by province name</li><li>Geologic provinces in the Former Soviet Union, sorted by province code</li><li>Map showing geologic provinces of the Former Soviet Union</li><li>Map showing geology, oil and gas fields and geologic provinces of the Former Soviet Union</li></ul>","publishedDate":"1999-05-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Persits, F.M.","contributorId":51324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persits","given":"F.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulmishek, G. F.","contributorId":89144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmishek","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinshouer, D.W.","contributorId":18803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinshouer","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21928,"text":"ofr97470A - 1997 - Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T15:18:01.576851","indexId":"ofr97470A","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-09T09:55:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-470","chapter":"A","title":"Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of Africa","docAbstract":"<p>The CD-ROM was compiled according to the methodology developed by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project . The goal of the project was to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world and report these results by the year 2000. A worldwide series of geologic maps, published on CD-ROMs, was released by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project during 1997-2000.</p><p>Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the metadata files on this CD-ROM.</p><p>These maps were compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map are shown (with permission) from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3M digital coverage: they have no political significance and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain proprietary property of ESRI. (Copyright 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. All rights reserved.)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470A","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Persits, F.M., Ahlbrandt, T.S., Tuttle, M.L.,  Charpentier, R.R., Brownfield, M.E., and Takahashi, K.I., 1997, Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of Africa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-A, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470A.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 44.57 x 37.40 inches or smaller; 2 Data Releases; 1 CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368045,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470A/ofr97470A_sheet2_plotter.pdf","text":"Sheet 2 - Map Showing Geology, Oil 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2000","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470A/coverthb1.jpg","linkHelpText":"\\\\AFS\\.usgs.gov\\www\\pubs\\htdocs\\pubs\\of\\1997\\ofr-97-470\\OF97-470A"},{"id":368042,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470A/ofr97470A_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 - Map Showing Oil and Gas Fields and Geologic Provinces of Africa - Page Size","size":"747 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-A"},{"id":368043,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470A/ofr97470A_sheet1_plotter.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 - Map Showing Oil and Gas Fields and Geologic Provinces of Africa - Full Plotter Size","size":"1.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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80225</p>","publishedDate":"1998-01-09","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Persits, F.M.","contributorId":51324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persits","given":"F.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":7250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takahashi, Kenneth I.","contributorId":33353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70199882,"text":"70199882 - 1997 - Long-term implications of new gas estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T12:35:03","indexId":"70199882","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-02T12:23:06","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Long-term implications of new gas estimates","title":"Long-term implications of new gas estimates","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02816925","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Schmoker, J., 1997, Long-term implications of new gas estimates: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 6, no. 1, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02816925.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1104a3e4b034bf6a80be91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197186,"text":"70197186 - 1997 - Foreword","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T11:04:36","indexId":"70197186","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Foreword","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restless Earth","language":"English","publisher":"National Geographic Society","usgsCitation":"deBlij, H., and Williams, R., 1997, Foreword, chap. <i>of</i> Restless Earth, p. 8-11.","productDescription":"4 p..","startPage":"8","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b1596e3e4b092d9651e221b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"deBlij, H.J.","contributorId":205049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"deBlij","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.S.","contributorId":19189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199472,"text":"70199472 - 1997 - Geodetic measurements of horizontal strain near the White Wolf fault, Kern County, California, 1926-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T10:16:18","indexId":"70199472","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T10:15:15","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic measurements of horizontal strain near the White Wolf fault, Kern County, California, 1926-1993","docAbstract":"<p><span>The White Wolf fault, located north of the Big Bend segment of the San Andreas fault, is the NE‐SW trending, left lateral‐oblique reverse fault responsible for the&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>s</sub></i><span>=7.8 1952 Kern County earthquake. We combined Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements with historical triangulation and trilateration data to determine changes in the strain rate over 7 decades (1926–1993). We reanalyzed the historical geodetic data and calculated an elevated preseismic (1926–1952) maximum shear strain rate&nbsp;</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/1536f839-805a-4158-a8ec-6f2d4e7ce40c/jgrb10873-math-0001.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb10873:jgrb10873-math-0001\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/1536f839-805a-4158-a8ec-6f2d4e7ce40c/jgrb10873-math-0001.gif\"><span>&nbsp;of 0.62±0.16 μstrain/yr across the White Wolf fault. The maximum shear strain rate decreased with distance toward the Garlock fault to 0.09±0.08 μstrain/yr. In the decade following the earthquake (1952–1963), the near fault&nbsp;</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/51f454a4-d3c3-4e6d-90af-656a85c9cf19/jgrb10873-math-0002.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb10873:jgrb10873-math-0002\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/51f454a4-d3c3-4e6d-90af-656a85c9cf19/jgrb10873-math-0002.gif\"><span>&nbsp;was high (0.85±0.23μstrain/yr), and decreased to 0.23±0.13 μstrain/yr across the Garlock fault. In 1993, we resurveyed many of the same monuments with GPS receivers to estimate fault‐crossing and off‐fault strain rates for the preceding 30 years. Across the White Wolf fault, the maximum shear strain rate&nbsp;</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/1536f839-805a-4158-a8ec-6f2d4e7ce40c/jgrb10873-math-0001.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb10873:jgrb10873-math-0001\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/1536f839-805a-4158-a8ec-6f2d4e7ce40c/jgrb10873-math-0001.gif\"><span>&nbsp;dropped to 0.19±0.07 μstrain/yr. The azimuths of the maximum principal strain rates (ϕ) for the 1963–1993 epoch rotate from a fault normal orientation (−57°±15°) across the White Wolf fault to 11°±3°E across the Garlock fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03554","usgsCitation":"Bawden, G.W., Donnellan, A., Kellogg, L., and Rundle, J.B., 1997, Geodetic measurements of horizontal strain near the White Wolf fault, Kern County, California, 1926-1993: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 102, no. B3, p. 4957-4967, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03554.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4957","endPage":"4967","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","otherGeospatial":"White Wolf fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.1667,\n              34.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3333,\n              34.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3333,\n              35.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1667,\n              35.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1667,\n              34.8333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1104a3e4b034bf6a80be98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnellan, Andrea","contributorId":176745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnellan","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kellogg, Louise","contributorId":191823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rundle, John B.","contributorId":113221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179364,"text":"70179364 - 1997 - Toxicological and chemical screening of Antarctica sediments: Use of whole sediment toxicity tests, microtox, mutatox and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T17:51:08","indexId":"70179364","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicological and chemical screening of Antarctica sediments: Use of whole sediment toxicity tests, microtox, mutatox and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs)","docAbstract":"<p>Eight whole sediment samples from Antarctica (four from Winter Quarters Bay and four from McMurdo Sound) were toxicologically and chemically evaluated. Also, the influence of ultraviolet radiation on the toxicity and bioavailability of contaminants associated with the sediment samples was assessed. The evaluations were accomplished by use of a 10-day whole sediment test with <i>Leptocheirus plumulosus</i>, Microtox®, Mutatox® and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Winter Quarters Bay sediments contained about 250 ng g<sup>−1</sup> (dry weight) total PCBs and 20 μg g<sup>−1</sup> total PAHs. These sediments elicited toxicity in the Microtox test and avoidance and inhibited burrowing in the <i>L. plumulosus </i>test. The McMurdo Sound sediment samples contained only trace amounts of PCBs and no PAHs, and were less toxic in both the <i>L. plumulosus</i> and Microtox tests compared to the Winter Quarters Bay sediments. The sediments from McMurdo Sound apparently contained some unidentified substance which was photolytically modified to a more toxic form. The photolytic modification of sediment-associated contaminants, coupled with the polar ozone hole and increased incidence of ultraviolet radiation could significantly increase hazards to Antarctic marine life.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00088-4","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, L., Little, E.E., Petty, J.D., Johnson, B., Lebo, J.A., Orazio, C.E., and Dionne, J., 1997, Toxicological and chemical screening of Antarctica sediments: Use of whole sediment toxicity tests, microtox, mutatox and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs): Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 194-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00088-4.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1de4b0cd2dabe7c4e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, Laverne","contributorId":175347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Laverne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lebo, Jon A.","contributorId":176696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebo","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dionne, Jane","contributorId":177758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dionne","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27872,"text":"National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, Washington, DC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70179356,"text":"70179356 - 1997 - Transboundary pollution: Persistent organochlorine pesticides in migrant birds of the Southwestern United States and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-30T10:27:12","indexId":"70179356","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transboundary pollution: Persistent organochlorine pesticides in migrant birds of the Southwestern United States and Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The hypothesis that migratory birds accumulate persistent organochlorine pesticides (POPs) during the winter in Latin America has been prevalent for many years, particularly since 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2–bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) was banned in the United States in 1972. It has been suggested that peregrine falcons (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>), black-crowned night herons (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>), white-faced ibises (<i>Plegadis chihi</i>), various migratory waterfowl and shorebirds, and other avian species accumulate higher concentrations of POPs while on migration or on their wintering grounds in Latin America. Nonetheless, the data obtained thus far are limited, and there is no clear pattern to suggest that such accumulation occurs on a widespread basis. In this review wildlife contaminant studies conducted along the U.S.-Mexico border and throughout Mexico are discussed. The results for the most part seem to indicate that no major accumulation of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene) (DDE), the most persistent organochlorine compound, has occurred or been reported for most parts of Mexico. The majority of the DDE values in birds from Mexico were similar to those reported in birds from the southwestern United States during the same years. More work needs to be done, particularly in those cotton-producing areas of Mexico where DDT was applied heavily in the past (e.g., Chiapas and Michoacan). Because DDT is still used for malaria control and may still be used in agriculture in Chiapas, this state is probably the one where most migrant species would still be at a significant risk of increased accumulation of DDE and DDT.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620160102","usgsCitation":"Mora, M.A., 1997, Transboundary pollution: Persistent organochlorine pesticides in migrant birds of the Southwestern United States and Mexico: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 1, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160102.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160102","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1ee4b0cd2dabe7c4e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mora, Miguel A. 0000-0002-8393-0216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0216","contributorId":46643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179985,"text":"70179985 - 1997 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:33:58","indexId":"70179985","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"38","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1997","docAbstract":"<p>This is the thirty-fourth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep aware of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of ground water. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of ground-water development in the State for calendar year 1996. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Divisions of Water Rights and Water Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Gerner, S., Steiger, J., Sory, J., Burden, C.B., Loving, B., Brockner, S., Danner, M., Downhour, P., Slaugh, B., Swenson, R., Howells, J., Christiansen, H., and Herbert, L.R., 1997, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1997: Cooperative Investigations Report 38, vii, 121 p.","productDescription":"vii, 121 p.","numberOfPages":"132","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-168"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883303ae4b0d00231637810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerner, S.J.","contributorId":16083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steiger, J.I.","contributorId":105716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sory, J.D.","contributorId":178510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sory","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loving, B.L.","contributorId":83705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loving","given":"B.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brockner, S.J.","contributorId":56307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Danner, M.R.","contributorId":178514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danner","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":659479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Slaugh, B.A.","contributorId":178515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slaugh","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Swenson, R.L.","contributorId":178508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howells, J.H.","contributorId":178516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howells","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Christiansen, H.K.","contributorId":178517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiansen","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70179669,"text":"70179669 - 1997 - Acid Rain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:37:48","indexId":"70179669","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Acid Rain","docAbstract":"<p>Acid deposition, or acid rain as it is more commonly referred to, has become a widely publicized environmental issue in the U.S. over the past decade. The term usually conjures up images of fish kills, dying forests, \"dead\" lakes, and damage to monuments and other historic artifacts. The primary cause of acid deposition is emission of S0<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> to the atmosphere during the combustion of fossil fuels. Oxidation of these compounds in the atmosphere forms strong acids - H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> -&nbsp;which are returned to the Earth in rain, snow, fog, cloud water, and as dry deposition.</p><p>Although acid deposition has only recently been recognized as an environmental problem in the U.S., it is not a new phenomenon (Cogbill &amp; Likens 1974). As early as the middle of the 17th century in England, the deleterious effects of industrial emissions on plants, animals, and humans, and the atmospheric transport of pollutants between England and France had become issues of concern (Evelyn 1661, Graunt 1662). It is interesting that well over three hundred years ago in England, recommendations were made to move industry outside of towns and build higher chimneys to spread the pollution into \"distant parts.\" Increasing the height of smokestacks has helped alleviate local problems, but has exacerbated others. In the U.S. the height of the tallest smokestack has more than doubled, and the average height of smokestacks has tripled since the 1950s (Patrick et al 1981). This trend occurred in most industrialized nations during the 20th century and has had the effect of transforming acid rain from a local urban problem into a problem of global scale.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrologic processes from catchment to continental scales","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, CA","usgsCitation":"Bricker, O.P., and Rice, K.C., 1997, Acid Rain, chap. <i>of</i> Hydrologic processes from catchment to continental scales, p. 203-226.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.ea.21.050193.001055","text":"Original publication of article"}],"publicComments":"This book is a collection of reprinted articles previously published in Annual Review's journals.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a4b7e4b04df303d9586d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658167,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sposito, Garrison","contributorId":178194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sposito","given":"Garrison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658168,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bricker, Owen P.","contributorId":25142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174601,"text":"70174601 - 1997 - Optimum sampling strategy for sediment-associated pesticides in Suisun Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-13T14:33:53","indexId":"70174601","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T02:45:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimum sampling strategy for sediment-associated pesticides in Suisun Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to develop a twice-a-day sampling strategy for suspended solids concentration at Mallard Island that best reproduces the residual (tidally averaged) near-surface suspended solids concentration computed using the entire time series (96 sampling times per day) for high delta discharge conditions and to use this stratgy for sampling sediment-associated pesticides vvaried in a similar manner to suspended solids concentration would also be the optimum sampling strategy for sediment-associated pseticides.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program","publisherLocation":"California","usgsCitation":"Jennings, B.W., Schoellhamer, D., and Kuivila, K., 1997, Optimum sampling strategy for sediment-associated pesticides in Suisun Bay: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 10, no. 4, p. 16-20.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":325207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/1997/fall/page16.pdf","text":"Optimum sampling strategy for sediment-associated pesticides in Suisun Bay","description":"Optimum sampling strategy for sediment-associated pesticides in Suisun Bay"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Found at the entrance to the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.17620849609374,\n              38.003737861469666\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17620849609374,\n              38.16479533621134\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85623168945312,\n              38.16479533621134\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85623168945312,\n              38.003737861469666\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17620849609374,\n              38.003737861469666\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876630e4b0d27deb36e198","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Bryan W.","contributorId":139019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12615,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162537,"text":"70162537 - 1997 - Heterosigma bloom and associated fish kill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-12T12:08:40","indexId":"70162537","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5580,"text":"Harmful Algae News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterosigma bloom and associated fish kill","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"UNESCO","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Rensel, J., Postel, J.R., and Taub, F., 1997, Heterosigma bloom and associated fish kill: Harmful Algae News, v. 16, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hab.ioc-unesco.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=2828"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Case Inlet, Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.87384033203124,\n              47.19204554206408\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76672363281249,\n              47.19204554206408\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76672363281249,\n              47.413684985326796\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87384033203124,\n              47.413684985326796\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87384033203124,\n              47.19204554206408\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a898b0e4b0b28f1184dbcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rensel, J.E.","contributorId":152575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rensel","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Postel, J. R.","contributorId":152576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Postel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taub, F.B.","contributorId":152577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taub","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020272,"text":"70020272 - 1997 - A preliminary investigation of siliceous microfossil succession in late quaternary sediments from Lake Baikal, Siberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T08:37:35","indexId":"70020272","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary investigation of siliceous microfossil succession in late quaternary sediments from Lake Baikal, Siberia","docAbstract":"<p>Siliceous microfossil assemblage succession was analyzed in a 100 m sediment core from Lake Baikal, Siberia. The core was recovered from the lake's central basin at a water depth of 365 m. Microfossil abundance varied greatly within the intervals sampled, ranging from samples devoid of siliceous microfossils to samples with up to 3.49 x 10<sup>11</sup> microfossils g<sup>-1</sup> sediment. Fluctuations in abundance appear to reflect trends in the marine &delta;<sup>18</sup>O record, with peak microfossil levels generally representing climate optima. Microfossil taxa present in sampled intervals changed considerably with core depth. Within each sample a small number of endemic diatom species dominated the assemblage. Changes in dominant endemic taxa between sampled intervals ranged from extirpation of some taxa, to shifts in quantitative abundance. Differences in microfossil composition and the association of variations in abundance with climate fluctuations suggest rapid speciation in response to major climatic excursions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007924310688","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Julius, M.L., Stoermer, E., Colman, S., and Moore, T.C., 1997, A preliminary investigation of siliceous microfossil succession in late quaternary sediments from Lake Baikal, Siberia: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 187-204, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007924310688.","startPage":"187","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4f9e4b0c8380cd46a51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julius, M. L.","contributorId":115919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julius","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoermer, E. F.","contributorId":120141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoermer","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colman, S.M.","contributorId":32851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, T. C.","contributorId":115752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170506,"text":"70170506 - 1997 - Glacier recession and ecological implications at Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T13:20:20","indexId":"70170506","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-12T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Glacier recession and ecological implications at Glacier National Park, Montana","conferenceTitle":"Workshop on Long-Term Monitoring of Glaciers of North America and Northwestern Europe.","conferenceLocation":"Woods Hole, MA","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Key, C., Johnson, S., Fagre, D., and Menicke, R.K., 1997, Glacier recession and ecological implications at Glacier National Park, Montana, Workshop on Long-Term Monitoring of Glaciers of North America and Northwestern Europe., Woods Hole, MA, p. 88-90.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b30e4b071321fe31c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.","contributorId":70323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Menicke, R. K.","contributorId":168850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menicke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170500,"text":"70170500 - 1997 - Ecosystem dynamics of the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T12:29:51","indexId":"70170500","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-05T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ecosystem dynamics of the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA","conferenceTitle":"Global Change in the Mountains: Proceedings of the European Conference on Environmental and Societal Change in Mountain Regions","conferenceDate":"December 18-20, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Oxford, UK","language":"English","isbn":"9781850700623","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D., Key, C., White, J., Running, S., Hauer, F.R., Keane, R., and Ryan, K.C., 1997, Ecosystem dynamics of the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA, Global Change in the Mountains: Proceedings of the European Conference on Environmental and Societal Change in Mountain Regions, Oxford, UK, December 18-20, 1997, p. 20-22.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b2de4b071321fe31c5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, J.D.","contributorId":42923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Running, S. W.","contributorId":52505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Running","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauer, F. R.","contributorId":168846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keane, R.E.","contributorId":13170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ryan, K. C.","contributorId":65021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70175254,"text":"70175254 - 1997 - An on-line diagnostic wind model applied to the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T12:34:36","indexId":"70175254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-16T02:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An on-line diagnostic wind model applied to the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology","conferenceDate":"February 1997","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Feinstein, J., Ludwig, F., and Sinton, D.M., 1997, An on-line diagnostic wind model applied to the San Francisco Bay region, Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, February 1997, p. J25-J27.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"J25","endPage":"J27","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bae4b006cb45558a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feinstein, J.","contributorId":173415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feinstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludwig, F.","contributorId":61239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sinton, D. M.","contributorId":173416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162529,"text":"70162529 - 1997 - Characterization and application of a quantitative DNA marker that discriminates sex in Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T16:15:01","indexId":"70162529","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and application of a quantitative DNA marker that discriminates sex in Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>A qualitative male-specific DNA marker (OT-24) was amplified by spPCR (single-primer polymerase chain reaction) from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) DNA along with several non-sex-linked products. The termini of the male-specific product were sequenced, and a pair of PeR primers were constructed for marker-specific PCR amplification. Dual primer PCR (dpPCR), with the marker-specific primers, amplified a product from both nudes and females. The amount of dpPCR product amplified from males was at least 100-fold greater than that from females. The quantitative difference between males and females was consistent among geographically distinct populations from western U.S. rivers. In addition, DNA sequence analysis indicated that OT-24 was highly conserved among geographically distinct salmon populations. The qualitative spPCR product segregated through several genetic crosses indicating equal sex ratios among progeny. Identification of the male and female juveniles by dpPCR was consistent with the spPCR analysis. There was no tissue specificity observed by spPCR or dpPCR analysis of this marker. A rapid DNA extraction method and dpPCR analysis were used to nonlethally determine sex ratios in wild spring chinook salmon adults, withheld for genetic and behavioral studies, prior to their development of gross sexual differences in their external morphology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing ","doi":"10.1139/f97-177","usgsCitation":"Clifton, D., and Rodriguez, R.J., 1997, Characterization and application of a quantitative DNA marker that discriminates sex in Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 11, p. 2647-2652, https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-177.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2647","endPage":"2652","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6bfe4b0b28f1184dbe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, D.R.","contributorId":104654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162543,"text":"70162543 - 1997 - Distribution and variation of NV genes in fish rhabdoviruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T12:04:34","indexId":"70162543","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and variation of NV genes in fish rhabdoviruses","docAbstract":"<p><span>The fish rhabdovirus infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) contains a non-virion (NV) gene between the glycoprotein (G) and polymerase (L) genes on its RNA genome. The present study investigated three other fish rhabdovirus genomes and found that the NV gene of hirame rhabdovirus is closely related to the NV of IHNV, whereas the viral haemorrhagic septicemia NV gene showed evidence of significant divergence. Most importantly, spring viraemia of carp virus, the only vesiculovirus-like fish rhabdovirus examined, did not have an NV gene at its genomic RNA G-L junction. These results suggest that the presence of an NV gene is characteristic of the unassigned fish rhabdovirus subgroup previously classified as lyssaviruses, and that the NV gene is not essential for replication in fish cells per se, since it is absent in a vesiculovirus-like fish rhabdovirus.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"London Society for General Microbiology","doi":"10.1099/0022-1317-78-1-113","usgsCitation":"Kurath, G., Higman, K., and Bjorklund, H., 1997, Distribution and variation of NV genes in fish rhabdoviruses: Journal of General Virology, v. 78, no. 1, p. 113-117, https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-1-113.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-1-113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6c1e4b0b28f1184dbeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higman, K.H.","contributorId":152580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higman","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bjorklund, H.V.","contributorId":152581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjorklund","given":"H.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162612,"text":"70162612 - 1997 - Sequence variation of the glycoprotein gene identifies three distinct lineages within field isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T08:57:37","indexId":"70162612","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence variation of the glycoprotein gene identifies three distinct lineages within field isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus","docAbstract":"<p><span>To evaluate the genetic diversity of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), the sequence of the glycoprotein genes (G) of 11 North American and European isolates were determined. Comparison with the G protein of representative members of the family Rhabdoviridae suggested that VHSV was a different virus species from infectious haemorrhagic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV). At a higher taxonomic level, VHSV, IHNV and HIRRV formed a group which was genetically closest to the genus Lyssavirus. Compared with each other, the G genes of VHSV displayed a dissimilar overall genetic diversity which correlated with differences in geographical origin. The multiple sequence alignment of the complete G protein, showed that the divergent positions were not uniformly distributed along the sequence. A central region (amino acid position 245-300) accumulated substitutions and appeared to be highly variable. The genetic heterogeneity within a single isolate was high, with an apparent internal mutation frequency of 1.2 x 10(-3) per nucleotide site, attesting the quasispecies nature of the viral population. The phylogeny separated VHSV strains according to the major geographical area of isolation: genotype I for continental Europe, genotype II for the British Isles, and genotype III for North America. Isolates from continental Europe exhibited the highest genetic variability, with sub-groups correlated partially with the serological classification. Neither neutralizing polyclonal sera, nor monoclonal antibodies, were able to discriminate between the genotypes. The overall structure of the phylogenetic tree suggests that VHSV genetic diversity and evolution fit within the model of random change and positive selection operating on quasispecies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":" London Society for General Microbiology","doi":"10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2837","usgsCitation":"Benmansour, A., Bascuro, B., Monnier, A., Vende, P., Winton, J., and de Kinkelin, P., 1997, Sequence variation of the glycoprotein gene identifies three distinct lineages within field isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus: Journal of General Virology, v. 78, no. 11, p. 2837-2846, https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2837.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2837","endPage":"2846","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2837","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a9f84de4b012c193aa3ee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benmansour, A.","contributorId":107928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benmansour","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bascuro, B.","contributorId":152602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bascuro","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monnier, A.F.","contributorId":152603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monnier","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vende, P.","contributorId":152604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vende","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de Kinkelin, P.","contributorId":152605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Kinkelin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162533,"text":"70162533 - 1997 - Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides representing neutralizing epitopes on the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T10:32:24","indexId":"70162533","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides representing neutralizing epitopes on the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"<p>Three peptides, P76, P226, and P268 representing 3 putative antigen~c determinants on the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), were synthesized and injected into rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> to assess their immunogen~city. Antisera extracted from the immunized trout were analyzed uslng an enzyme linked imrnunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies that could bind to the peptides or to intact virions of IHNV. The antisera were also tested for neutralizing activity against IHNV by a complement-mediated neutralization assay. In general, recognition of the peptides and IHNV was low and only a few antibody binding patterns were demonstrated. Antisera from fish injected with P76 constructs recognized the homologous peptide more than the heterologous peptides, whereas antisera from fish inoculated with either P226 or P268 constructs recognized P76 equally, or better, than the homologous peptide; however, there was a high degree of individual variation within each treatment group. Neutralization actlvlty was demonstrated by serum from a single flsh lnlected with one of the pept~des (P268) and from 7 of 10 positive control f~sh Infected with an attenuated strain of IHNV Possible explanations for the dichotomous immune responses are discussed. These results indicate we need to improve our overall understanding of the</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao028175","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E., Landolt, M., LaPatra, S., and Winton, J., 1997, Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides representing neutralizing epitopes on the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 28, no. 3, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao028175.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479891,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao028175","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v28/n3/"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6c5e4b0b28f1184dbfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, E.","contributorId":34324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landolt, M.","contributorId":90239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landolt","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaPatra, S.","contributorId":29641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162636,"text":"70162636 - 1997 - Sequence analysis and expression of the M1 and M2 matrix protein genes of hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T10:09:52","indexId":"70162636","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence analysis and expression of the M1 and M2 matrix protein genes of hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV)","docAbstract":"<p>We have cloned and sequenced a 2318 nucleotide region of the genomic RNA of hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV), an important viral pathogen of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. This region comprises approximately two-thirds of the 3' end of the nucleocapsid protein (N) gene and the complete matrix protein (M1 and M2) genes with the associated intergenic regions. The partial N gene sequence was 812 nucleotides in length with an open reading frame (ORF) that encoded the carboxyl-terminal 250 amino acids of the N protein. The M1 and M2 genes were 771 and 700 nucleotides in length, respectively, with ORFs encoding proteins of 227 and 193 amino acids. The M1 gene sequence contained an additional small ORF that could encode a highly basic, arginine-rich protein of 25 amino acids. Comparisons of the N, M1, and M2 gene sequences of HIRRV with the corresponding sequences of the fish rhabdoviruses, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) indicated that HIRRV was more closely related to IHNV than to VHSV, but was clearly distinct from either. The putative consensus gene termination sequence for IHNV and VHSV, AGAYAG(A)(7), was present in the N-M1, M1-M2, and M2-G intergenic regions of HIRRV as were the putative transcription initiation sequences YGGCAC and AACA. An Escherichia coli expression system was used to produce recombinant proteins from the M1 and M2 genes of HIRRV. These were the same size as the authentic M1 and M2 proteins and reacted with anti-HIRRV rabbit serum in western blots. These reagents can be used for further study of the fish immune response and to test novel control methods. <br><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao031009","usgsCitation":"Nishizawa, T., Kurath, G., and Winton, J., 1997, Sequence analysis and expression of the M1 and M2 matrix protein genes of hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV): Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 31, no. 1, p. 9-17, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao031009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479892,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao031009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314942,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao/31/d031p009.pdf","text":"pdf"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49d2e4b07ca61bfea5d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishizawa, T.","contributorId":53536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishizawa","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162542,"text":"70162542 - 1997 -  The North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus is highly pathogenic for laboratory-reared Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasi</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T11:57:23","indexId":"70162542","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" The North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus is highly pathogenic for laboratory-reared Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasi</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Specific-pathogen-free Pacific herring </span><i>Clupea pallasi</i><span> were reared in the laboratory from eggs and then challenged at 5, 9, and 13 months of age by waterborne exposure to low (10</span><sup>1.5–2.5</sup><span> plaque-forming units [PFU] per milliliter), medium (10</span><sup>3.5–4.5</sup><span> PFU/mL), or high (10</span><sup>5.5–6.5</sup><span> PFU/mL) levels of a North American isolate of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The fish were extremely susceptible to the virus, showing clinical disease, mortality approaching 100%, and only a limited increase in resistance with age. Mortality began 4–6 d after exposure and peaked at approximately day 7 in fish exposed to high levels of virus. Whereas the mean time to death showed a significant dose response (</span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.001), the percent mortality and virus titers in dead fish were generally high in all groups regardless of initial challenge dose. External signs of disease were usually limited to 1–2-mm hemorrhagic areas on the lower jaw and isthmus and around the eye, but 2 of 130 infected fish exhibited extensive cutaneous hemorrhaging. Histopathologic examination of tissues from moribund fish sampled at 2–8 d after exposure revealed multifocal coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes, diffuse necrosis of interstitial hematopoietic tissues in the kidney, diffuse necrosis of the spleen, epidermis, and subcutis, and occasional necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells. Virus titers in tissues of experimentally infected herring were first detected 48 h after exposure and peaked 6-8 d after exposure at 10</span><sup>7.7</sup><span> PFU/g. Fish began shedding virus at 48 h after exposure with titers in the flow-through aquaria reaching 10</span><sup>2.5</sup><span> PFU/mL at 4–5 d after exposure, just before peak mortality. When the water flow was turned off for 3 h, titers in the water rose to 10</span><sup>3.5</sup><span> PFU/mL, and the amount of virus shed by infected fish (on average, greater than 10</span><sup>6.5</sup><span> PFU/h per fish) appeared sufficient to sustain a natural epizootic among schooling herring. Taken together, these data suggest that VHSV could be a significant limiting factor for populations of Pacific herring.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Societ","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0279:NASOVH>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R., Bradley, M., Elder, N., Meyers, T., Batts, W., and Winton, J., 1997,  The North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus is highly pathogenic for laboratory-reared Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasi</i>): Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 9, no. 4, p. 279-290, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0279:NASOVH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6bce4b0b28f1184dbdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, R.","contributorId":95665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, M.","contributorId":68057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elder, N.","contributorId":93230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyers, T.","contributorId":81298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batts, W.","contributorId":76533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162541,"text":"70162541 - 1997 - Piscivory by Lake Superior lake herring (Coregonis artedi) on Rainbow smelt (Osmerus moradax) in winter, 1993-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-12T12:14:43","indexId":"70162541","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Piscivory by Lake Superior lake herring (<i>Coregonis artedi</i>) on Rainbow smelt (<i>Osmerus moradax</i>) in winter, 1993-1995","title":"Piscivory by Lake Superior lake herring (Coregonis artedi) on Rainbow smelt (Osmerus moradax) in winter, 1993-1995","docAbstract":"<p><span>The stomach contents of 31 lake herring (</span><i>Coregonus artedi</i><span>), captured by anglers from western Lake Superior in the winters of 1993–1995, were examined to determine if predation on rainbow smelt (</span><i>Osmerus mordax</i><span>) was occurring as indicated by anglers. Twenty-six (84%) of the stomachs contained rainbow smelt, with an average of 7.0 rainbow smelt/stomach. This was the first documentation of piscivory by lake herring on rainbow smelt in the Great Lakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(97)70898-0","usgsCitation":"Hoff, M., Link, J., and Haskell, C., 1997, Piscivory by Lake Superior lake herring (Coregonis artedi) on Rainbow smelt (Osmerus moradax) in winter, 1993-1995: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 23, no. 2, p. 210-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(97)70898-0.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n  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,{"id":70162613,"text":"70162613 - 1997 - Developmental instability analysis of BKD-infected spring Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) prior to seawater exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T15:56:21.710075","indexId":"70162613","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Developmental instability analysis of BKD-infected spring Chinook salmon (<i>Onchorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) prior to seawater exposure","title":"Developmental instability analysis of BKD-infected spring Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) prior to seawater exposure","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stress in organisms results in energy dissipation, making developmental pathways less stable. Effects of chronic stress, manifested as small random departures from phenotypic symmetry, reflect developmental instability, are considered to be epigenetic and an effect produced by compromised fitness. Instability is detectable and effectively interpreted among sites or populations if samples are collected randomly, the stressor is present throughout character development, characters are identified accurately and excessive mortality does not erase the existence of developmental instability. Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a chronic systemic disease in salmonids that, after vertical transmission from parent to egg, persists and spreads throughout ontogeny, potentially affecting developmental processes. Because levels of progeny infection reflect parental infection levels, groups of offspring from parents with high and low levels of BKD infection can be compared to assess the effects of disease-mediated developmental stress. Analyses of fluctuating asymmetry in five bilateral characters were inconclusive, but significant reductions in the proportion of unusable scales, in the number of circulus errors, and in the directional asymmetry of branchiostegal rays were observed in fish from the high-BKD group. This group also contained individuals of significantly larger size. These results are opposite to those expected from traditional developmental instability theory in suggesting that surviving high-BKD fish have greater developmental stability. This reversal appears to be produced by selective mortality having a greater effect than sublethal stress in altering developmental instability patterns. These results are discussed with respect to size selectivity, heterosis and the assumptions supporting developmental instability as a tool for detecting chronic sublethal stress.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3545943","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., and Emlen, J., 1997, Developmental instability analysis of BKD-infected spring Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) prior to seawater exposure: Oikos, v. 77, no. 3, p. 540-548, https://doi.org/10.2307/3545943.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a9f840e4b012c193aa3ec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.B.","contributorId":152606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162530,"text":"70162530 - 1997 -  Influence of stream characteristics and age class interactions on populations of coastal cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T11:55:29","indexId":"70162530","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":" Influence of stream characteristics and age class interactions on populations of coastal cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea-run cutthroat trout: Biology, management, and future conservation : proceedings of a symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceDate":"October 12-14, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Reedsport, OR","language":"English","publisher":"Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries Society","isbn":"978-0913235997","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 1997,  Influence of stream characteristics and age class interactions on populations of coastal cutthroat trout, chap. <i>of</i> Sea-run cutthroat trout: Biology, management, and future conservation : proceedings of a symposium, p. 173-174.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6bce4b0b28f1184dbd9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hall, J.D.","contributorId":67112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589778,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bisson, P.A.","contributorId":17944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589779,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589780,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162532,"text":"70162532 - 1997 - Renibacterium salmoninarum in spring-summer Chinook salmon smolts at dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:27:58","indexId":"70162532","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> in spring-summer Chinook salmon smolts at dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers","title":"Renibacterium salmoninarum in spring-summer Chinook salmon smolts at dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated </span><i>Renibaeterium salmoninarum</i><span> infection in smolts of hatchery and wild spring-summer Chinook salmon </span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span> sampled during most of the outmigration at Little Goose (1988) and Lower Granite dams (1988–1991) on the Snake River and at Priest Rapids and McNary dams on the Columbia River (1988–1990). We sampled 860–2,178 fish per dam each year. Homogenates of kidney–spleen tissue from all fish were tested for the presence of </span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span> antigens by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and homogenates from 10% of the fish were examined by the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Although only 1–11% of fish sampled at a given dam during any l year exhibited lesions characteristic of bacterial kidney disease, 86–100% of the fish tested positive for </span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span> antigen by ELISA, whereas 4–17% of the fish tested positive by the FAT. During most years, a majority (68–87%) of fish testing positive by the ELISA had low </span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span> antigen levels, but in 1989, 53% of positive fish from Lower Granite Dam and 52% from McNary Dam showed medium-to-high antigen levels. For most years, the highest mean antigen levels were measured in fish sampled after 75% of the total out-migrants had passed a given dam. When the largest numbers of fish were being collected for bypass or downriver transportation, mean antigen levels were relatively low.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0114:RSISSC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., Pascho, R., Jackson, L., Mathews, G., and Harmon, J., 1997, Renibacterium salmoninarum in spring-summer Chinook salmon smolts at dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 9, no. 2, p. 114-126, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0114:RSISSC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Little Goose Dam, Lower Granite Dam, McNary Dam. Priest Rapids Dam. 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