We studied reproductive characteristics of Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) at four colonies in south central Washington and one colony in north central Oregon in 1991. Nest success, adjusted using the Mayfield method, was significantly different between colonies and ranged from 12-84% to hatching and 12-73% to 14 days post-hatching. The mean number of young surviving to 14 days of age in each colony ranged from 0.47-1.94 per nesting female (includes recycling efforts that involve laying more than one clutch). They were marked intercolony differences in clutch size and incidence of recycling. Predation (primarily avian) was a major factor that adversely affected nest success in three colonies and was relatively unimportant in two colonies. Residues of DDE, total polychlorinated biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and other compounds in eggs were generally low and apparently had little influence on reproductive success at any of the colonies. Mean eggshell thinning ranged from 7-1 1 % in comparison to a pre-1947 norm for eggs measured in museum collections. Cytochrome P450 enzyme (EROD, PROD, and BROD) induction in livers of pipped embryos by colony ranged from low to average in comparison with other colonies throughout the U.S. Average EROD and BROD activities were highest at Sand Dune Island and were lowest at Potholes Reservoir which was designated the reference colony. In relation to our study of three of the five colonies in the early 1980s, residues of DDE and several related compounds appeared to decline, nest predation rates increased, and nest success decreased at all three colonies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbrd Society","doi":"10.2307/1521685","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Rattner, B., Melancon, M.J., and Henny, C.J., 1997, Reproduction of black-crowned night-herons related to predation and contaminants in Oregon and Washington, USA: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 2, p. 185-197, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521685.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"197","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -116.8505859375,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 49.05227025601607\n ],\n [\n -123.15673828124999,\n 48.56024979174329\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 48.268569112964336\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.4146186174932\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 48.06339653776211\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 47.11499982620772\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 45.93587062119052\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 41.95131994679697\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62ca1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223332,"text":"5223332 - 1997 - Diagnostic criteria for selenium toxicosis in aquatic birds: Histologic lesions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-03T11:07:13.296257","indexId":"5223332","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic criteria for selenium toxicosis in aquatic birds: Histologic lesions","docAbstract":"Chronic selenium toxicosis was induced in 1-yr-old male mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) by feeding selenium, as seleno-DL-methionine, in amounts of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 parts per million (ppm) to five groups of 21 ducks each for 16 wk during March to July 1988. All mallards in the 80 ppm group, three in the 40 ppm group, and one in the 20 ppm group died. Histologic lesions in mallards that died of selenosis were hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration progressing to centrolobular and panlobular necrosis, nephrosis, apoptosis of pancreatic exocrine cells, hypermaturity and avascularity of contour feathers of the head with atrophy of feather follicles, lymphocytic necrosis and atrophy of lymphoid organs (spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and lumbar lymph nodes), and severe atrophy and degeneration of fat. Histologic lesions in surviving mallards in the 40 ppm group, which had tissue residues of selenium comparable to mallards that died, were fewer and much milder than mallards that died; lesions consisted of atrophy of lymphoid tissue, hyalinogranular swelling of hepatoeytes, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and senescence of feathers. No significant histologic lesions were detected in euthanized mallards in the 0, 10 and 20 ppm groups. Based on tissue residues and histologic findings, primarily in the liver, there was a threshold of selenium accumulation above which pathophysiologic changes were rapid and fatal. Pathognomonic histologic lesions of fatal and nonfatal selenosis were not detected. Criteria for diagnosis of fatal selenosis in aquatic birds include consistent histologic lesions in the liver, kidneys, and organs of the immune system. Although histologic changes were present in cases of chronic non-fatal selenosis, these were inconsistent. Consistent features of fatal and non-fatal chronic selenosis were marked weight loss and elevated concentrations of selenium in organs.
Because of the need to manage hunted populations of waterfowl (Anatidae), biologists have studied many demographic traits of waterfowl by analyzing band recoveries. These analyses have produced the most extensive and best estimates of survival available for any group of birds. Using these data, we examined several factors that might explain variation among annual survival rates to explore large-scale patterns that might be useful in understanding waterfowl population dynamics. We found that geography, body mass, and tribe (i.e. phylogeny) were important in explaining variation in average waterfowl survival rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089068","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D., Barker, R.J., and Nichols, J., 1997, Sources of variation in waterfowl survival rates: The Auk, v. 114, no. 1, p. 93-102, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089068.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"102","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089068","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e757c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223197,"text":"5223197 - 1997 - Toxicity of stormwater treatment pond sediments to Hyallela azteca (Amphipoda)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T11:36:56.787818","indexId":"5223197","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of stormwater treatment pond sediments to Hyallela azteca (Amphipoda)","docAbstract":"Stormwater wetlands are created to contain runoff from human developments and are designed to retain contaminants such as heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, silt, pesticides, and nutrients before the runoff enter natural waterways. Because of this design, stormwater wetlands have a potential of becoming toxic sinks to organisms utilizing the wetlands for habitat. We conducted a 10-day sediment bioassay on Hyallela azteca as part of a larger study on the possible hazards of stormwater wetlands to aquatic invertebrates. Water and sediments from 10 wetlands separated into reference, residential, commercial, and highway land uses were used. No differences in survival were observed among land use categories, possibly because the ratio of acid volatile sulfides/simultaneously extractable metals (AVS/SEM) was > 1.0 for all of the ponds tested; values > 1 in this ratio are indications that toxic metals may not be bioavailable. Survival and growth rates correlated positively with AVS.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s001289900370","usgsCitation":"Karouna-Renier, N., and Sparling, D.W., 1997, Toxicity of stormwater treatment pond sediments to Hyallela azteca (Amphipoda): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 58, no. 4, p. 550-557, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900370.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"557","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karouna-Renier, N.K.","contributorId":55927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223330,"text":"5223330 - 1997 - Forty-first supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:35:57","indexId":"5223330","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forty-first supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds","docAbstract":"This seventh supplement after the publication of the 6th edition (1983) of the AOU Check-list of North American Birds includes taxonomic and nomenclatural changes adopted by the Committee on Classification and Nomenclature between 15 March 1995 and 15 March 1997. Because this will be the last supplement before the publication of the 7th edition of the Check-list, it also summarizes other decisions made by the Committee since 1983 that were not intended to affect the 6th edition but rather were to lay the foundation for its successor. Most of those decisions relate to sequence or rank of certain taxonomic categories. The Committee believes that compendia such as the Check-list are not appropriate places for the first appearance of novel taxonomic treatments or rearrangements. Therefore, we take the opportunity of this supplement to inform you of the ways in which the 7th edition will differ from the 6th. The style of this supplement differs from that of the previous six because they were designed to provide detailed changes to the text in the 6th edition; this one also is to provide information on how the 7th edition will differ from the 6th. Many details on reasons for the change will be discussed in the Preface or text of the new volume.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089270","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., Fitzpatrick, J., Howell, T., Johnson, N., Monroe, B., Ouellet, H., Remsen, J., and Storer, R., 1997, Forty-first supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds: The Auk, v. 114, no. 3, p. 542-552, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089270.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"542","endPage":"552","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089270","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd0d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.W.","contributorId":33012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, T.R.","contributorId":36656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, N.K.","contributorId":22068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monroe, B.L. Jr.","contributorId":85294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"B.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ouellet, H.","contributorId":29091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouellet","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Remsen, J.V. Jr.","contributorId":82258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Storer, R.W.","contributorId":79588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storer","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5223317,"text":"5223317 - 1997 - The loss rates of web tags applied to day-old Anas and Aythya ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223317","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The loss rates of web tags applied to day-old Anas and Aythya ducklings","docAbstract":"Researchers studied the loss rate of web tags on Anas and Aythya ducklings by double marking day-old ducklings of five species with web tags and plasticine-filled rings. Tag loss was examined over three-month, one-year, and three-year periods. Web tag loss was greatest for Anas and occurred mostly in the first three months following tagging.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Mednis, A., Bauga, I., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1997, The loss rates of web tags applied to day-old Anas and Aythya ducklings: Wildfowl, v. 47, p. 182-185.","productDescription":"182-185","startPage":"182","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499ee4b07f02db5bca29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mednis, Aivars","contributorId":73695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mednis","given":"Aivars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauga, I.","contributorId":50618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauga","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223314,"text":"5223314 - 1997 - The role of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks to lead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T20:30:03","indexId":"5223314","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks to lead","docAbstract":"Waterfowl on lateral lakes of the Coeur d'Alene River and on Lake Coeur d'Alene have been poisoned for many years by lead (Pb) from mining and smelting. In 1992 we undertook a study in the area to determine the importance of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks (Aix sponsa) to Pb. Digesta were removed from the intestines of wood ducks collected from contaminated and reference areas. The average Pb concentration in digesta of wood ducks from the contaminated area was 32 ppm dry weight. The sediment content was estimated to average less than 2% of the dry weight of the wood duck diet. Lead concentrations in digesta were closely correlated with concentrations of acid-insoluble ash, Al, Ti and Fe in digesta, and these four variables are associated with sediment. Samples containing low concentrations of these variables also had low concentrations of Pb. These results suggest that most of the Pb in the digesta came from ingested sediment, rather than from plant material in the diet. The importance of ingested sediment as a source of lead was unexpected, because wood ducks are surface feeders on aquatic plants and they rarely dabble beneath the surface or feed on the bottom. However, it appears that sediment ingestion is sometimes the principal route of exposure to environmental contaminants that are not readily taken up by plants and invertebrates, and this route should be considered in risk assessments of waterfowl.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1018670626114","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., and Audet, D., 1997, The role of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks to lead: Ecotoxicology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 181-186, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018670626114.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"186","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Audet, D.","contributorId":25660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Audet","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223322,"text":"5223322 - 1997 - Mercury concentrations in feathers of wading birds from Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5223322","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":698,"text":"Ambio","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury concentrations in feathers of wading birds from Florida","docAbstract":"Primary or tail feathers were collected from 92 wading birds in Florida from Lake Okeechobee and wetlands farther south, from 1987 to 1990. Mean concentrations detected in feathers of nestlings were 2.0 ppm Hg in roseate spoonbills (Ajaia ajaja), 3.5 ppm Hg in great blue herons (Ardea herodias), 4.7 ppm Hg in great white herons (Ardea herodias occidentalis), and 7.1 ppm Hg in great egrets (Casmerodius albus). Concentrations in feathers of great white herons increased with the age of the bird, from 4.7 ppm Hg in nestlings, to 6.7 ppm Hg in juveniles, and 8.2 ppm Hg in adults. Mercury concentrations were greatest in species consuming large fish. Feathers collected from wood storks (Mycteria americana) contained an average of 3.3 ppm Hg. Mercury concentrations in feathers of wading birds from southern Florida were greater than those reported in feathers of wading birds from Asia. Both liver and feather Hg concentrations were known for 25 wading birds. The regression of liver (wet weight) Hg concentrations (Y) on feather Hg concentrations (X) was: log(Y) = 1.52 log(X) - 0.722. The correlation coefficient was 0.84. If reproductive disorders are expected when concentrations in feathers of adult birds average 9 ppm Hg, as might be inferred from a published laboratory study on mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), then Hg in southern Florida may be high enough to reduce productivity of wading bird populations. However, additional controlled studies are needed before a minimum toxic concentration in feathers can be designated with confidence. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ambio","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5060_Beyer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., Spalding, M., and Morrison, D., 1997, Mercury concentrations in feathers of wading birds from Florida: Ambio, v. 26, no. 2, p. 97-100.","productDescription":"97-100","startPage":"97","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16035,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4314559","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spalding, M.","contributorId":47730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spalding","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, D.","contributorId":98015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223379,"text":"5223379 - 1997 - Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5223379","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent","docAbstract":"Ecology has long been troubled by the controversy over how populations are regulated. Some ecologists focus on the role of environmental effects, whereas others argue that density-dependent feedback mechanisms are central. The relative importance of both processes is still hotly debated, but clear examples of both processes acting in the same population are rare. Keyfactor analysis (regression of population changes on possible causal factors) and time-series analysis are often used to investigate the presence of density dependence, but such approaches may be biased and provide no information on actual demographic rates. Here we report on both density-dependent and density-independent effects in a murid rodent pest species, the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834), using statistical capture-recapture models. Both effects occur simultaneously, but we also demonstrate that they do not affect all demographic rates in the same way. We have incorporated the obtained estimates of demographic rates in a population dynamics model and show that the observed dynamics are affected by stabilizing nonlinear density-dependent components coupled with strong deterministic and stochastic seasonal components.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/38271","collaboration":"5104_Leirs.pdf","usgsCitation":"Leirs, H., Stenseth, N.C., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Verhagen, R., and Verheyen, W., 1997, Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent: Nature, v. 389, no. 6647, p. 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1038/38271.","productDescription":"176-180","startPage":"176","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16054,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/38271","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"389","issue":"6647","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leirs, H.","contributorId":86078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leirs","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stenseth, N. C.","contributorId":7798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stenseth","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verhagen, R.","contributorId":14548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verhagen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verheyen, W.","contributorId":101778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verheyen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223319,"text":"5223319 - 1997 - Transferability of habitat suitability criteria for fishes in warmwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T18:13:28.769161","indexId":"5223319","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transferability of habitat suitability criteria for fishes in warmwater streams","docAbstract":"We developed habitat suitability criteria and tested their transferability for nine fishes inhabiting unregulated Piedmont and Coastal Plain streams in Alabama. Criteria for optimal habitat were defined as those ranges of depth, velocity, substrate type, and cover type for which a species' suitability index (proportional abundance divided by proportional habitat availability, scaled from 0 to I) equalled or exceeded 0.4. We evaluated the transferability of criteria between study sites by testing the null hypothesis that species occurrence in a sample was independent of whether or not the sample was taken in optimal habitat. We also tested criteria transference to a large, flow‐regulated river sampled during low‐flow periods. Depth, velocity, and most substrate criteria developed for the bronze darter Percina palmaris successfully transferred between unregulated streams and to the flow‐regulated river samples. All criteria developed for a pair of closely related, allopatric darter species. the newly described lipstick darter Etheostoma chuckwachatte and the greenbreast darter E. jordani, transferred successfully when applied between species (in the unregulated sites) and to the regulated river samples. In contrast, criteria for the Alabama shiner Cyprinella callistia failed nearly all tests of transferability. Criteria for the speckled darter E. stigmaeum, the blackbanded darter P. nigrofasciata, an undescribed Percina species, and a pair of related, allopatric Cyprinella species transferred inconsistently. The species with good criteria transference had high suitability indices for the shallow depths. fast current velocities. and coarse substrates characteristic of riffle species. We suggest that microhabitat criteria for riffle fishes are more likely to provide a transferable measure of habitat quality than criteria for fishes that, although restricted to fluvial habitats, commonly occupy a variety of pool and riffle habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0020:TOHSCF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., Bowen, Z.H., and Crance, J.H., 1997, Transferability of habitat suitability criteria for fishes in warmwater streams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, p. 20-31, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0020:TOHSCF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f082e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crance, Johnie H.","contributorId":9326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crance","given":"Johnie","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223381,"text":"5223381 - 1997 - Ecology and management of subdivided animal populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T23:55:10.254495","indexId":"5223381","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1121,"text":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology and management of subdivided animal populations","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/20168188","usgsCitation":"Lebreton, J., and Nichols, J., 1997, Ecology and management of subdivided animal populations: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v. 78, no. 4, p. 285-288, https://doi.org/10.2307/20168188.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223382,"text":"5223382 - 1997 - Remarkable saker falcon (Falco cherrug) breeding records for Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:32:28","indexId":"5223382","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remarkable saker falcon (Falco cherrug) breeding records for Mongolia","docAbstract":"During 1994-95 surveys, we located over 80 Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) breeding sites in Mongolia. Over half of the sites had features that were in some way remarkable or previously undescribed in the scientific literature. Ten were on utility poles, two on bridges, three on abandoned buildings and one was on a truck tire on a pole. Seven sites were very near buzzard nests and two more were in buzzard nests that were used the same season. Five sites were on cliff tops accessible by walking. Four were on very short cliffs, two were on broken/sloping cliffs and one was at the base of a cliff. Five were on the tops of stone pillars. Six were in very short elm trees. Nest composition was also sometimes remarkable: one was a suspended uric acid (excrement) platform without underlying support, three were trash nests and two were composed largely of bones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Ellis, M.H., and Tsengeg, P., 1997, Remarkable saker falcon (Falco cherrug) breeding records for Mongolia: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 234-240.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.raptorresearchfoundation.org/publications/journal-of-raptor-research/online-access/","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"Mongolia","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ceb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, David H.","contributorId":70901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Merlin H.","contributorId":17326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellis","given":"Merlin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsengeg, Pu","contributorId":14909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsengeg","given":"Pu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222697,"text":"5222697 - 1997 - Female reproductive dynamics in a Maryland population of ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-26T21:45:07.958685","indexId":"5222697","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Female reproductive dynamics in a Maryland population of ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus)","docAbstract":"Adult female ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus) collected from a Maryland population during five successive summers laid a total of 50 clutches in which all eggs hatched successfully under laboratory conditions. Mean hatchling mass was not significantly related to female mass or clutch size when each was evaluated in separate analyses, but was significantly related to these factors when they were evaluated in a joint analysis. Mean hatchling masses of 0.6-1 g appear most adaptive; when females are large enough to produce 1-g eggs, the tendency is to produce a larger number of relatively smaller eggs. The relationship of clutch mass to female mass was unaffected by clutch size. Reproductive effort, measured as relative clutch mass (RCM, clutch mass/female mass), increased with age, as indicated by snout-vent length (SVL); also, the relationship of clutch mass to female mass indicated that clutches equaled a larger percentage as female mass increased. Clutch size averaged 3.55 eggs and ranged from 2 to 6. Clutches were laid from 17 June through 21 July (35 d), median 2 July. Clutches hatched during the 20-d interval 8-27 August (median August 18). Larger clutches were laid earlier in the season on average than smaller clutches. Incubation periods for clutches averaged 47 (range 42-51) d. Clutches laid later in the season averaged shorter incubation periods than clutches laid earlier.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1565598","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Bunck, C., and Hall, R., 1997, Female reproductive dynamics in a Maryland population of ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus): Journal of Herpetology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 476-483, https://doi.org/10.2307/1565598.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"483","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5c92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, R.J.","contributorId":32885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223295,"text":"5223295 - 1997 - Carolina chickadee 'incubates' eggless nest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223295","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carolina chickadee 'incubates' eggless nest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1997, Carolina chickadee 'incubates' eggless nest: Raven, v. 68, no. 1, p. 35-36.","productDescription":"35-36","startPage":"35","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efe19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223318,"text":"5223318 - 1997 - Toxicity of alkalinity to Hyalella azteca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T11:18:21.837053","indexId":"5223318","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of alkalinity to Hyalella azteca","docAbstract":"Toxicity testing and chemical analyses of sediment pore water have been suggested for use in sediment quality assessments and sediment toxicity identification evaluations. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting pore-water chemistry and toxicity due to inherent chemical characteristics and confounding relationships. High concentrations of alkalinity, which are typical of sediment pore waters from many regions, have been shown to be toxic to test animals. A series of tests were conducted to assess the significance of elevated alkalinity concentrations to Hyalella azteca, an amphipod commonly used for sediment and pore-water toxicity testing. Toxicity tests with 14-d old and 7-d old animals were conducted in serial dilutions of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solutions producing alkalinities ranging between 250 to 2000 mg/L as CaCO3. A sodium chloride (NaCl) toxicity test was also conducted to verify that toxicity was due to bicarbonate and not sodium. Alkalinity was toxic at concentrations frequently encountered in sediment pore water. There was also a significant difference in the toxicity of alkalinity between 14-d old and 7-d old animals. The average 96-h LC50 for alkalinity was 1212 mg/L (as CaCO3) for 14-d old animals and 662 mg/L for the younger animals. Sodium was not toxic at levels present in the NaHCO3 toxicity tests. Alkalinity should be routinely measured in pore-water toxicity tests, and interpretation of toxicity should consider alkalinity concentration and test-organism tolerance.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s001289900553","usgsCitation":"Lasier, P., Winger, P.V., and Reinert, R., 1997, Toxicity of alkalinity to Hyalella azteca: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 59, no. 5, p. 807-814, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900553.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db5305a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasier, P. J.","contributorId":79201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinert, R.E.","contributorId":67836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223311,"text":"5223311 - 1997 - Early vegetational changes on a forested wetland constructed for mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223311","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3749,"text":"Wetland Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early vegetational changes on a forested wetland constructed for mitigation","docAbstract":"Changes in vegetation were studied on 15 acres of a 35 acre forested wetland created as a mitigation site in Anne Arundel County, Maryland during 1994-96. Meter-square sampling on four different hydrologic elevations determined that grasses initially dominated the area, but decreased from 59 percent in 1994 to 51 percent in 1995 and 30 percent in 1996. Herbaceous non-grass plants (forbs) increased from 19 percent to 56 percent in the three-year period. Area with no plant cover decreased from 21 percent in 1994 to 11 percent in 1995, and 10 percent in 1996. Woody plants comprised 2 percent of the cover in 1994, increased to 4 percent in 1995, and remained at 4 percent in 1996. The increase of woody plants was mainly from natural regeneration (pioneer) plants. Monitoring of the transplanted trees and shrubs indicated 35 percent mortality and little growth of surviving plants. The pioneer woody plant forming most of the cover was black willow (Salix nigra). Differences in the vegetation were observed among the four elevations, although no differences were observed for the major vegetation classes between plots that were planted and those that were not planted with woody plants. Dominant grass species was redtop (Agrostis stolonifera), which comprised 51 percent of the cover in 1994 and 42 percent cover in 1995 and 23 percent in 1996. Other species that were common were bush clover (Lespedeza cuneata), Japanese clover (Lespedeza striata) and flat pea (Lathyrus sylvestris). All four of these dominant species were part of the original seed mixtures that were seeded on the site. A total of 134 species of plants was recorded on the site indicating a fairly diverse community for a newly established habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetland Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Osenton, P., and Sibrel, C., 1997, Early vegetational changes on a forested wetland constructed for mitigation: Wetland Journal, v. 9, no. 2, p. 17-20.","productDescription":"17-20","startPage":"17","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a4e4b07f02db5c076e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osenton, P.C.","contributorId":20441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osenton","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibrel, C.B.","contributorId":47490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrel","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223293,"text":"5223293 - 1997 - Dramatic fluctuations in liver mass and metal content of eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) during autumnal migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T15:13:25","indexId":"5223293","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dramatic fluctuations in liver mass and metal content of eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) during autumnal migration","docAbstract":"Adult eared grebes exhibit threefold fluctuation in body mass and up to a fivefold variation in liver weight during the course of their annual breeding and migratory cycle. Concentrations of 20 metals or metalloids were quantified in the liver from eared grebes obtained at three phases of their annual cycle: newly arrived migrants (July-August-September), staging (October-November), and immediate post-migration (December-January). Values for twelve elements (Al, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn) that were detected in more than one-half of the samples were low. Hepatic concentrations of elements known to be toxic to free-ranging birds (e.g., Cd, Hg, Pb, Se) were well below known effect thresholds. No differences in metal concentrations were observed between newly arrived migrants and staging birds despite the large increases in body and liver mass. However, in the immediate post-migration period after body and liver mass have rapidly declined, Al values decreased, whereas Se and Zn concentrations actually increased. Total liver burdens of elements tended to be greatest in staging grebes compared to other collection periods, and paralleled changes in body and liver mass.
The need for temporally- and physiologically-matched reference birds, and at least knowledge of circannual organ mass fluctuations, appears to be a requirement for ecotoxicological exposure assessments in species such as the eared grebe. Generation of additional avian toxicity data from controlled dosing studies during potentially vulnerable phases of their annual cycle (e.g., molt, post-migration) seems warranted. Although it is commonly accepted that hepatic metal concentrations are principally affected by contaminant exposure, we have shown differential alterations related to the stage of the annual cycle. Our findings may be of broad significance, as well as of immediate importance in resolving the cause of the die-off of approximately 150,000 eared grebes (perhaps 7% of the North American population) at the Salton Sea in 1991-1992.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s001289900483","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., and Jehl, J., 1997, Dramatic fluctuations in liver mass and metal content of eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) during autumnal migration: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 59, no. 3, p. 337-343, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900483.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"343","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635bcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jehl, J.R. Jr.","contributorId":6820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jehl","given":"J.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223220,"text":"5223220 - 1997 - Cytochrome P450 and organochlorine contaminants in black-crowned night-herons from the Chesapeake Bay region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T13:25:27","indexId":"5223220","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytochrome P450 and organochlorine contaminants in black-crowned night-herons from the Chesapeake Bay region, USA","docAbstract":"Black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) offspring were collected from a relatively uncontaminated coastal reference site (next to Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, VA, USA) and two sites in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (Baltimore Harbor, MD and Rock Creek Park, Washington, DC, USA). Hepatic microsomal activities of benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase and ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase were significantly elevated (up to sixfold and ninefold induction, respectively) in pipping embryos from the Baltimore Harbor colony compared to the reference site, whereas values in embryos from the Rock Creek Park colony were intermediate. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and metabolites in pipping embryos from both sites in the Chesapeake watershed were greater than at the reference site but below the known threshold for reproductive impairment. However, concentrations of 10 arylhydrocarbon receptor-active polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and estimated toxic equivalents were up to 37-fold greater in embryos collected from these two sites in the Chesapeake Bay region, with values for toxic congeners 77 and 126 exceeding those observed in pipping heron embryos from the Great Lakes. Monooxygenase activity of pipping embryos was associated with concentrations of several organochlorine pesticides, total PCBs, arylhydrocarbon receptor-active PCB congeners, and toxic equivalents (r = 0.30–0.59), providing further evidence of the value of cytochrome P450 as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure. Organochlorine contaminant levels were greater in 10-d-old nestlings from Baltimore Harbor than the reference site but had no apparent effect on monooxygenase activity or growth. These findings demonstrate induction of cytochrome P450 in pipping black-crowned night-heron embryos in the Chesapeake Bay region, probably by exposure to PCB congeners of local origin, and the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and metabolites in nestling herons from Baltimore Harbor. Bio-monitoring with additional waterbird species (e.g., bald eagle, common tern, great blue heron) that appear to be more sensitive to PCBs than black-crowned night-herons is recommended to document health of waterbirds and remediation of the Chesapeake Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620161117","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., Melancon, M.J., Rice, C.P., Riley, W., Eisemann, J.D., and Hines, R.K., 1997, Cytochrome P450 and organochlorine contaminants in black-crowned night-herons from the Chesapeake Bay region, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 11, p. 2315-2322, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620161117.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2315","endPage":"2322","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay region","volume":"16","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, Mark J.","contributorId":21918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":56594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, Walter Jr.","contributorId":62307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Walter","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eisemann, John D.","contributorId":37462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisemann","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hines, Randy K. 0000-0002-5135-3135 rkhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3135","contributorId":3340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Randy","email":"rkhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223836,"text":"5223836 - 1997 - Is incest common in gray wolf packs?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:00:14","indexId":"5223836","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is incest common in gray wolf packs?","docAbstract":"Wolf packs generally consist of a breeding pair and their maturing offspring that help provision and protect pack young. Because the reproductive tenure in wolves is often short, reproductively mature offspring might replace their parents, resulting in sibling or parent-offspring matings. To determine the extent of incestuous pairings, we measured relatedness based on variability in 20 microsatellite loci of mated pairs, parent-offspring pairs, and siblings in two populations of gray wolves. Our 16 sampled mated pairs had values of relatedness not overlapping those of known parent-offspring or sibling dyads, which is consistent with their being unrelated or distantly related. These results suggest that full siblings or a parent and its offspring rarely mate and that incest avoidance is an important constraint on gray wolf behavioral ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/8.4.384","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.E., Meier, T.J., Geffen, E., Mech, L.D., Burch, J.W., Adams, L., and Wayne, R.K., 1997, Is incest common in gray wolf packs?: Behavioral Ecology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 384-391, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.4.384.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"391","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.4.384","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605d8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Deborah E. 0000-0002-8317-7762 deborahsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-7762","contributorId":5670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Deborah","email":"deborahsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, Thomas J.","contributorId":37192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geffen, Eli","contributorId":82969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geffen","given":"Eli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wayne, Robert K.","contributorId":80948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayne","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5223325,"text":"5223325 - 1997 - Secondary poisoning of kestrels by white phosphorus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T13:47:09.768391","indexId":"5223325","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary poisoning of kestrels by white phosphorus","docAbstract":"Since 1982, extensive waterfowl mortality due to white phosphorous (P4) has been observed at Eagle River Flats, a tidal marsh near Anchorage, Alaska. Ducks and swans that ingest P4 pellets become lethargic and may display severe convulsions. Intoxicated waterfowl attract raptors and gulls that feed on dead or dying birds. To determine if avian predators can be affected by secondary poisoning, we fed American kestrels (Falco sparverius) 10-day-old domestic chickens that had been dosed with white phosphorus. Eight of 15 kestrels fed intact chicks with a pellet of P4 implanted in their crops died within seven days. Three of 15 kestrels fed chicks that had their upper digestive tracts removed to eliminate any pellets of white phosphorus also died. Haematocrit and haemoglobin in kestrels decreased whereas lactate dehydrogenase-L, glucose, and alanine aminotransferase levels in plasma increased with exposure to contaminated chicks. Histological examination of liver and kidneys showed that the incidence and severity of lesions increased when kestrels were fed contaminated chicks. White phosphorus residues were measurable in 87% of the kestrels dying in the study and 20% of the survivors. This study shows that raptors can become intoxicated either by ingesting portions of digestive tracts containing white phosphorus pellets or by consuming tissues of P4-contaminated prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1018630912001","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., and Federoff, N.E., 1997, Secondary poisoning of kestrels by white phosphorus: Ecotoxicology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 239-247, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018630912001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc27c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Federoff, Nicholas E.","contributorId":174756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Federoff","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223499,"text":"5223499 - 1997 - Population trends of black terns from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 1966-1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:18:41.38372","indexId":"5223499","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends of black terns from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 1966-1996","docAbstract":"Data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey indicate a survey-wide decline in Black Terns (Chlidonias niger) at an average rate of 3.1% annually during 1966-1996. Black Terns in Canada decreased at an average annual rate of 3.5% during this interval, while the United States population showed no significant trends. The long-term declines largely reflect trends prior to 1980, when the continental, Canadian, and United States populations decreased at average annual rates of 7.5%, 5.6%, and 11.9%, respectively. Most population trends were reversed during the 1990s, causing trend estimates over the 1980-1996 interval to become more positive. Associations between patterns of change in Black Terns, Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and numbers of ponds in the northern Great Plains suggest some relationships exist between habitat availability and the population trajectories.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521612","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., and Sauer, J., 1997, Population trends of black terns from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 1966-1996: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 566-573, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521612.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"566","endPage":"573","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223335,"text":"5223335 - 1997 - The disappearance of Guam's wildlife: New insights for herpetology, evolutionary ecology, and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-05T14:02:48.3464","indexId":"5223335","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The disappearance of Guam's wildlife: New insights for herpetology, evolutionary ecology, and conservation","docAbstract":"The wealth of data generated from intensive study of the brown tree snake as a result of the need to control introduced populations of this pest species allow several important conclusions. First, that the snakes on Guam are extraordinary in terms of their absolute abundance and in terms of their ability to exploit a broad prey base. Our data suggest an exceptionally high reproductive success on Guam for a snake with an otherwise unnoteworthy reproductive capability and life history (i.e. small clutch size, typical ontogenetic shift from small heterothermic prey to larger homeotherms). Especially important was the snakes versatility in taking advantage of extremely common prey on islands; population expansion was slow but survival was maximal, ultimately leading to high population levels. The brown tree snake shares many attributes with other snakes that could cause similar biodiversity crises in a wide variety of contexts in which they lack coevolutionary histories (especially formerly snake-free island environments). As opposed to their relatively poor history as over-water dispersers, snakes may be especially problematic as travelers in increasing ship and air traffic between widely separated geographic regions of the world.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1313163","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., Fritts, T.H., and Chiszar, D., 1997, The disappearance of Guam's wildlife: New insights for herpetology, evolutionary ecology, and conservation: BioScience, v. 47, no. 9, p. 565-574, https://doi.org/10.2307/1313163.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1313163","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.34656914224212,\n 13.8096029275479\n ],\n [\n 144.34656914224212,\n 13.109767986636413\n ],\n [\n 145.19800957192962,\n 13.109767986636413\n ],\n [\n 145.19800957192962,\n 13.8096029275479\n ],\n [\n 144.34656914224212,\n 13.8096029275479\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiszar, D.","contributorId":24059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiszar","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223323,"text":"5223323 - 1997 - Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:03:03.982501","indexId":"5223323","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients","docAbstract":"The presence of transient animals, common enough in natural populations, invalidates the estimation of survival by traditional capture- recapture (CR) models designed for the study of residents only. Also, the study of transit is interesting in itself. We thus develop here a class of CR models to describe the presence of transients. In order to assess the merits of this approach we examme the bias of the traditional survival estimators in the presence of transients in relation to the power of different tests for detecting transients. We also compare the relative efficiency of an ad hoc approach to dealing with transients that leaves out the first observation of each animal. We then study a real example using lazuli bunting (Passerina amoena) and, in conclusion, discuss the design of an experiment aiming at the estimation of transience. In practice, the presence of transients is easily detected whenever the risk of bias is high. The ad hoc approach, which yields unbiased estimates for residents only, is satisfactory in a time-dependent context but poorly efficient when parameters are constant. The example shows that intermediate situations between strict 'residence' and strict 'transience' may exist in certain studies. Yet, most of the time, if the study design takes into account the expected length of stay of a transient, it should be possible to efficiently separate the two categories of animals.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2533097","usgsCitation":"Pradel, R., Hines, J., Lebreton, J., and Nichols, J., 1997, Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients: Biometrics, v. 53, no. 1, p. 60-72, https://doi.org/10.2307/2533097.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dde6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pradel, R.","contributorId":85692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pradel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223345,"text":"5223345 - 1997 - Watershield use by ring-necked ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"5223345","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershield use by ring-necked ducks","docAbstract":"During 1993-94 and 1994-95, the amount of watershield (Brasenia schreberi) in selected Maryland wetlands was determined to see if a relationship existed between the amount of watershield on a wetland and the number of ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris) observed on that wetland. Data were collected for two years from eight different wetlands on the Patuxent Research Refuge in Laurel, Maryland. Results indicate there was no significant correlation between the amount of watershield in a wetland and the number of ring-necked ducks observed on that wetland. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Olsen, J., and Perry, M., 1997, Watershield use by ring-necked ducks: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 4, no. 3, p. 197-204.","productDescription":"197-204","startPage":"197","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ce4b07f02db50b85a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, J.A.","contributorId":107823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}