No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-0002-7.383","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., Paces, J.B., Peterman, Z.E., Marshall, B.M., and Whelan, J., 2000, Hydrologic and geologic characteristics of the Yucca Mountain site relevant to the performance of a potential repository; Day 2, Beatty to Yucca Mountain; Stop 7B, Secondary minerals and paleohydrologic implications: GSA Field Guides, v. 2, p. 401-402, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-0002-7.383.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"402","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. 0000-0003-4190-0278 lneymark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":140338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid A.","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":167699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, B. M.","contributorId":229367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":39425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198494,"text":"70198494 - 2000 - The study of humic substances--In search of a paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:31:40","indexId":"70198494","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T09:09:15","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The study of humic substances--In search of a paradigm","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Humic substances: Versatile components of plants, soils and water","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-1-85573-807-2.50005-9","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., 2000, The study of humic substances--In search of a paradigm, chap. of Humic substances: Versatile components of plants, soils and water, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-85573-807-2.50005-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98d7d6e4b0702d0e847c89","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, G.","contributorId":17343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742239,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghabbour, E.A.","contributorId":206940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghabbour","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742240,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":741673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198770,"text":"70198770 - 2000 - Selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-17T08:53:18","indexId":"70198770","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T08:51:25","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Selenium","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of microbiology","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., 2000, Selenium, chap. of Encyclopedia of microbiology, p. 238-247.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98d7d6e4b0702d0e847c8b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ledenberg, J.","contributorId":207152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ledenberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70093562,"text":"70093562 - 2000 - Modeling surface-subsurface hydrological interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-07T08:50:23","indexId":"70093562","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T08:44:30","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling surface-subsurface hydrological interactions","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Streams and ground waters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","usgsCitation":"Packman, A., and Bencala, K.E., 2000, Modeling surface-subsurface hydrological interactions, chap. of Streams and ground waters, p. 45-80.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67ece4b0b29085101b20","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jones, Jeremy B.","contributorId":113650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509792,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulholland, Patrick J.","contributorId":112634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":32968,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":509791,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Packman, Aaron I.","contributorId":15092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packman","given":"Aaron I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199234,"text":"70199234 - 2000 - Nitrate isotopes in groundwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T08:13:08","indexId":"70199234","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T08:11:13","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Nitrate isotopes in groundwater systems","docAbstract":"Nitrate contamination, often associated with agricultural activities, is a major problem in some shallow aquifers and is increasingly becoming a threat to groundwater supplies (Gillham and Cherry, 1978; Ronen et al., 1983; Spalding and Exner, 1991). The intake of high levels of nitrate can cause methemoglobinemia in infants, and there is substantial evidence collected from animal experiments that N-nitroso compounds are carcinogens. Similar conclusive evidence is not yet available for humans but many observations suggest that these compounds can function as initiators of human carcinogenesis. These findings are the basis for the maximum permissible limit of 10 ppm nitrate-N (50 ppm as NO3) in drinking water set by the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The impact of high loading of nutrients such as nitrate and phosphorous from agricultural practices via groundwater into surface water is also a major environmental concern, causing eutrophication of streams, rivers and lakes (Hill, 1978; Böhlke and Denver, 1995).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_9","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Aravena, R., 2000, Nitrate isotopes in groundwater systems, chap. of Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology, p. 261-297, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_9.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10fbf5e4b034bf6a8091c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aravena, Ramon ","contributorId":189546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aravena","given":"Ramon ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199182,"text":"70199182 - 2000 - Enhanced levels of zinc in drinking water adversely affect spatial learning in rats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T07:38:45","indexId":"70199182","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T07:34:58","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Enhanced levels of zinc in drinking water adversely affect spatial learning in rats","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Metal ions in biology and medicine ","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Flinn, J., Morgan, J., Magaha, J., Krause, L., Navarrete, K., and Jones, B., 2000, Enhanced levels of zinc in drinking water adversely affect spatial learning in rats, chap. of Metal ions in biology and medicine , p. 450-452.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98d7d6e4b0702d0e847c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinn, J.M.","contributorId":45892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J.","contributorId":6216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magaha, J.","contributorId":207752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magaha","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krause, L.","contributorId":207753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krause","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Navarrete, K.","contributorId":207754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Navarrete","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":2001561,"text":"2001561 - 2000 - Phosphate sorption by base metal hydroxides generated in the neutralization of acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2001561","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T02:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Phosphate sorption by base metal hydroxides generated in the neutralization of acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkTitle":"Animal Feeding Operations: Effects on Hydrologic Resources and the Environment (USGS OFR 00-204)","conferenceTitle":"Animal Feeding Operations: Effects on Hydrologic Resources and the Environment","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"00-030/RT","usgsCitation":"Sibrell, P., and Adler, P., 2000, Phosphate sorption by base metal hydroxides generated in the neutralization of acid mine drainage, in Animal Feeding Operations: Effects on Hydrologic Resources and the Environment (USGS OFR 00-204), Fort Collins, CO, p. 0-90.","productDescription":"90 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"90","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/owq/AFO/proceedings/afo/pdf/sibrell.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":199121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adler, P.R.","contributorId":55548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adler","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015345,"text":"1015345 - 2000 - Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T16:58:37","indexId":"1015345","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","docAbstract":"High‐altitude watersheds in the Front Range of Colorado show symptoms of advanced stages of nitrogen excess, despite having less nitrogen in atmospheric deposition than other regions where watersheds retain nitrogen. In two alpine/subalpine subbasins of the Loch Vale watershed, atmospheric deposition of NO3− plus NH4+ was 3.2–5.5 kg N ha−1, and watershed export was 1.8–3.9 kg N ha−1 for water years 1992–1997. Annual N export increased in years with greater input of N, but most of the additional N was retained in the watershed, indicating that parts of the ecosystem are nitrogen‐limited. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were greatest in subsurface water of talus landscapes, where mineralization and nitrification augment high rates of atmospheric deposition of N. Tundra landscapes had moderately high DIN concentrations, whereas forest and wetland landscapes had low concentrations, indicating little export of nitrogen from these landscapes. Between the two subbasins the catchment of Icy Brook had greater retention of nitrogen than that of Andrews Creek because of landscape and hydrologic characteristics that favor greater N assimilation in both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These results suggest that export of N from alpine/subalpine watersheds is caused by a combination of direct flushing of N from atmospheric deposition and release of N from ecosystem biogeochemical processes (N cycling). Sensitivity of alpine ecosystems in the western United States to atmospheric deposition of N is a function of landscape heterogeneity, hydrologic flow paths, and climatic extremes that limit primary productivity and microbial activity, which, in turn, control retention and release of nitrogen. Conceptual and mechanistic models of N excess that have been developed for forested ecosystems need to be modified in order to predict the response of alpine ecosystems to future changes in climate and atmospheric deposition of N.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900283","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Baron, J., Tonnessen, K.A., Brooks, P.D., and Schuster, P.F., 2000, Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 37-47, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900283.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900283","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6866aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":322957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonnessen, Kathy A.","contributorId":9588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Paul D.","contributorId":139471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12566,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Unviersity of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25416,"text":"wri004174 - 2000 - Climatology, hydrology, and simulation of an emergency outlet, Devils Lake basin, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T15:56:05.743739","indexId":"wri004174","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4174","title":"Climatology, hydrology, and simulation of an emergency outlet, Devils Lake basin, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Devils Lake is a natural lake in northeastern North Dakota that is the terminus of a nearly 4,000-square-mile subbasin in the Red River of the North Basin. The lake has not reached its natural spill elevation to the Sheyenne River (a tributary of the Red River of the North) in recorded history. However, geologic evidence indicates a spill occurred sometime within the last 1,800 years. From 1993 to 1999, Devils Lake rose 24.5 feet and, at the present (August 2000), is about 13 feet below the natural spill elevation. The recent lake-level rise has caused flood damages exceeding $300 million and triggered development of future flood-control options to prevent further infrastructure damage and reduce the risk of a potentially catastrophic uncontrolled spill. Construction of an emergency outlet from the west end of Devils Lake to the Sheyenne River is one flood-control option being considered. This report describes the climatologic and hydrologic causes of the recent lake level rise, provides information on the potential for continued lake-level rises during the next 15 years, and describes the potential effectiveness of an emergency outlet in reducing future lake levels and in reducing the risk of an uncontrolled spill. The potential effects of an outlet on downstream water quantity and quality in the upper Sheyenne River also are described.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004174","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., Vecchia, A.V., Osborne, L., Wood, C.M., and Fay, J.T., 2000, Climatology, hydrology, and simulation of an emergency outlet, Devils Lake basin, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4174, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004174.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4174/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":403172,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4174/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400777,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_32189.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Devils Lake basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.3548583984375,\n 47.78548011929362\n ],\n [\n -98.2342529296875,\n 47.78548011929362\n ],\n [\n -98.2342529296875,\n 48.295985271707636\n ],\n [\n -99.3548583984375,\n 48.295985271707636\n ],\n [\n -99.3548583984375,\n 47.78548011929362\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de0df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osborne, Leon","contributorId":82296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborne","given":"Leon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Carrie M.","contributorId":74781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fay, James T.","contributorId":66675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fay","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":44850,"text":"wri994130 - 2000 - VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-17T14:55:48.127481","indexId":"wri994130","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4130","title":"VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media","docAbstract":"VS2DI is a graphical software package for simulating flow and transport in variably saturated porous media in one or two dimensions using cartesian or radial coordinate systems. This software package consists of three components: (i) VS2DTI, for simulating fluid flow and solute transport, (ii) VS2DHI, for simulating fluid flow and energy (heat) transport, and (iii) VS2POST, a standalone postprocessor, for viewing results saved from previous simulation runs. Both VS2DTI and VS2DHI combine a graphical user interface with a numerical model to create an integrated, window-based modeling environment. Users can easily specify or change the model domain, hydraulic and transport properties, initial and boundary conditions, grid spacing, and other model parameters. Simulation results can be displayed as contours of pressure head, moisture content, saturation, concentration or temperature, and velocity or flux for each time step, thus creating a simple animation. The numerical models used for flow and transport calculations are the U.S. Geological Survey’s computer models VS2DT (for solute transport) and VS2DH (for energy transport). Although these models are integrated into the software package, their source codes are maintained as individual Fortran programs that can be compiled and run separately from the graphical user interface. This report provides an overview of the features and capabilities of the VS2DI software package. Detailed instructions on how to use the software are provided by on-line help manuals and tutorials that are included in the software.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994130","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., Wingle, W., and Healy, R.W., 2000, VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4130, Report: iii, 16 p.; Software Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994130.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 16 p.; Software Release","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466643,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466644,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/software/vs2di-version-13","text":"VS2DI Version 1.3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingle, W.L.","contributorId":42644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingle","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015104,"text":"1015104 - 2000 - Coupled atmosphere-biophysics-hydrology models for environmental modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:24:14.434357","indexId":"1015104","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2168,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled atmosphere-biophysics-hydrology models for environmental modeling","docAbstract":"The formulation and implementation of LEAF-2, the Land Ecosystem–Atmosphere Feedback model, which comprises the representation of land–surface processes in the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), is described. LEAF-2 is a prognostic model for the temperature and water content of soil, snow cover, vegetation, and canopy air, and includes turbulent and radiative exchanges between these components and with the atmosphere. Subdivision of a RAMS surface grid cell into multiple areas of distinct land-use types is allowed, with each subgrid area, or patch, containing its own LEAF-2 model, and each patch interacts with the overlying atmospheric column with a weight proportional to its fractional area in the grid cell. A description is also given of TOPMODEL, a land hydrology model that represents surface and subsurface downslope lateral transport of groundwater. Details of the incorporation of a modified form of TOPMODEL into LEAF-2 are presented. Sensitivity tests of the coupled system are presented that demonstrate the potential importance of the patch representation and of lateral water transport in idealized model simulations. Independent studies that have applied LEAF-2 and verified its performance against observational data are cited. Linkage of RAMS and TOPMODEL through LEAF-2 creates a modeling system that can be used to explore the coupled atmosphere–biophysical–hydrologic response to altered climate forcing at local watershed and regional basin scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0931:CABHMF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Walko, R.L., Band, L., Baron, J., Kittel, T., Lammers, R., Lee, T., Ojima, D., Pielke, R., Taylor, C., Tague, C., Tremback, C., and Vidale, P., 2000, Coupled atmosphere-biophysics-hydrology models for environmental modeling: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 39, no. 6, p. 931-944, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0931:CABHMF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"944","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0931:cabhmf>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68387b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walko, R. L.","contributorId":25521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walko","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Band, L.E.","contributorId":70342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Band","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kittel, T.G.F.","contributorId":21500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"T.G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lammers, R.","contributorId":46904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lammers","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, T.J.","contributorId":42169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ojima, D.","contributorId":10378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Taylor, C.","contributorId":73958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tague, C.","contributorId":13579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tague","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tremback, C.J.","contributorId":52530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tremback","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Vidale, P.L.","contributorId":35690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70022544,"text":"70022544 - 2000 - Acetogenic microbial degradation of vinyl chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:44:03","indexId":"70022544","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acetogenic microbial degradation of vinyl chloride","docAbstract":"Under methanogenic conditions, microbial degradation of [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride (VC) resulted in significant (14 ± 3% maximum recovery) but transient recovery of radioactivity as 14C-acetate. Subsequently, 14C-acetate was degraded to 14CH4 and 14CO2 (18 ± 2% and 54 ± 3% final recoveries, respectively). In contrast, under 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) amended conditions, 14C-acetate recovery remained high (27 ± 1% maximum recovery) throughout the study, no 14CH4 was produced, and the final recovery of 14CO2 was only 35 ± 4%. These results demonstrate that oxidative acetogenesis may be an important mechanism for anaerobic VC biodegradation. Moreover, these results (1) demonstrate that microbial degradation of VC to CH4and CO2 may involve oxidative acetogenesis followed by acetotrophic methanogenesis and (2) suggest that oxidative acetogenesis may be the initial step in the net oxidation of VC to CO2reported previously under Fe(III)-reducing, SO4-reducing, and humic acids-reducing conditions.
Multivariate correlations between the concentrations of selected herbicides and herbicide derivatives in outflows from selected reservoirs in the Midwestern United States for April 1992 through September 1993 were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Two independent sources for alachlor ethanesulfonic acid, one major source related to spring flush and seasonal runoff and another minor source related to groundwater, were identified using PCA. Results of MCR provided a semiquantitative interpretation of the environmental sources of the observed herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflows and allowed the examination of their temporal and geographical distributions. Samples with higher herbicide concentrations were collected from reservoirs in Indiana and Ohio, especially during the late spring and summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es000884m","usgsCitation":"Tauler, R., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E., 2000, Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 16, p. 3307-3314, https://doi.org/10.1021/es000884m.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"3307","endPage":"3314","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba422e4b0849ce97dc792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tauler, R.","contributorId":189430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tauler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022508,"text":"70022508 - 2000 - Origin of the Colorado River experimental flood in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T18:58:41.512577","indexId":"70022508","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Colorado River experimental flood in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"The Colorado River is one of the most highly regulated and extensively utilized rivers in the world. Total reservoir storage is approximately four times the mean annual runoff of −17 × 109 m3 year−1. Reservoir storage and regulation have decreased annual peak discharges and hydroelectric power generation has increased daily flow variability. In recent years, the incidental impacts of this development have become apparent especially along the Colorado River through Grand Canyon National Park downstream from Glen Canyon Dam and caused widespread concern. Since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam, the number and size of sand bars, which are used by recreational river runners and form the habitat for native fishes, have decreased substantially. Following an extensive hydrological and geomorphic investigation, an experimental flood release from the Glen Canyon Dam was proposed to determine whether sand bars would be rebuilt by a relatively brief period of flow substantially greater than the normal operating regime. This proposed release, however, was constrained by the Law of the River, the body of law developed over 70 years to control and distribute Colorado River water, the needs of hydropower users and those dependent upon hydropower revenues, and the physical constraints of the dam itself. A compromise was reached following often difficult negotiations and an experimental flood to rebuild sand bars was released in 1996. This flood, and the process by which it came about, gives hope to resolving the difficult and pervasive problem of allocation of water resources among competing interests.
","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/02626660009492361","issn":"02626667","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., and Pizzi, L., 2000, Origin of the Colorado River experimental flood in Grand Canyon: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 45, no. 4, p. 607-627, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626660009492361.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"627","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626660009492361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.67852783203125,\n 36.28634929429456\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 36.109033596783135\n ],\n [\n -111.81060791015624,\n 35.96689214303232\n ],\n [\n -111.70074462890625,\n 36.18665862660454\n ],\n [\n -111.78314208984375,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -112.53570556640624,\n 36.45000844447082\n ],\n [\n -112.67852783203125,\n 36.28634929429456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70fae4b0c8380cd76398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pizzi, L.A.","contributorId":6217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzi","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022177,"text":"70022177 - 2000 - Transport of free and particulate-associated bacteria in karst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022177","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of free and particulate-associated bacteria in karst","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers, because of their unique hydrogeologic characteristics, are extremely susceptible to contamination by pathogens. Here we present the results of an investigation of contamination of a karst aquifer by fecal indicator bacteria. Two wells intercepting zones with contrasting effective hydraulic conductivities, as determined by pump test, were monitored both during the dry season and in response to a rain event. Samples were also collected from the adjacent ephemeral surface Stream, which is known to be impacted by an upstream wastewater treatment plant after rainfall. Whole water and suspended sediment samples were analyzed for fecal coliforms and enterococci. During the dry season, pumping over a 2-day period resulted in increases in concentrations of fecal coliforms to greater than 10,000 CFU/100 ml in the high-conductivity well; enterococci and total suspended solids also increased, to a lesser degree. Toward the end of the pumping period, as much as 50% of the fecal coliforms were associated with suspended sediment. Irrigation of an up-gradient pine plantation with primary-treated wastewater is the probable source of the bacterial contamination. Sampling after a rain event revealed the strong influence of water quality of the adjacent Terrieu Creek on the ground water. Bacterial concentrations in the wells showed a rapid response to increased concentrations in the surface water, with fecal coliform concentrations in ground water ultimately reaching 60,000 CFU/100 ml. Up to 100% of the bacteria in the ground water was associated with suspended sediment at various times. The results of this investigation are evidence of the strong influence of surface water on ground water in karst terrain, including that of irrigation water. The large proportion of bacteria associated with particulates in the ground Water has important implications for public health, as bacteria associated with particulates may be more persistent and more difficult to inactivate. The high bacterial concentrations found in both wells, despite the difference in hydraulic conductivity, demonstrates the difficulty of predicting vulnerability of individual wells to bacterial contamination in karst. The extreme temporal variability in bacterial concentrations underscores the importance of event-based monitoring of the bacterial quality of public water supplies in karst. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.Karst aquifers, because of their unique hydrogeologic characteristics, are extremely susceptible to contamination by pathogens. Here we present the results of an investigation of contamination of a karst aquifer by fecal indicator bacteria. Two wells intercepting zones with contrasting effective hydraulic conductivities, as determined by pump test, were monitored both during the dry season and in response to a rain event. Samples were also collected from the adjacent ephemeral surface stream, which is known to be impacted by an upstream wastewater treatment plant after rainfall. Whole water and suspended sediment samples were analyzed for fecal coliforms and enterococci. During the dry season, pumping over a 2-day period resulted in increases in concentrations of fecal coliforms to greater than 10,000 CFU/100 ml in the high-conductivity well; enterococci and total suspended solids also increased, to a lesser degree. Toward the end of the pumping period, as much as 50% of the fecal coliforms were associated with suspended sediment. Irrigation of an up-gradient pine plantation with primary-treated wastewater is the probable source of the bacterial contamination. Sampling after a rain event revealed the strong influence of water quality of the adjacent Terrieu Creek on the ground water. Bacterial concentrations in the wells showed a rapid response to increased concentrations in the surface water, with fecal coliform concentrations in ground water ultimately reaching 60,000 CFU/100 ml. Up to 100% of the bacteria in the ground water was associated with suspended","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00324-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Personne, J., Lods, G., and Drogue, C., 2000, Transport of free and particulate-associated bacteria in karst: Journal of Hydrology, v. 238, no. 3-4, p. 179-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00324-3.","startPage":"179","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00324-3"},{"id":230704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"238","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb750e4b08c986b3271b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personne, J.-C.","contributorId":26840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personne","given":"J.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lods, G.F.","contributorId":26841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lods","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drogue, C.","contributorId":50685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drogue","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023202,"text":"70023202 - 2000 - Timescales for migration of atmospherically derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:27:51","indexId":"70023202","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timescales for migration of atmospherically derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado","docAbstract":"Sulphur 35, a cosmogenically produced radioisotope with a short half‐life (87 days), was measured in snowpack during 1993–1997 and at four locations within the Loch Vale watershed during 1995–1997. The four sites include the two main drainages in the watershed, Andrews Creek and Icy Brook, a small south facing catchment flowing into Andrews Creek (Andrews Spring 1), and a similar north facing catchment flowing out of a scree field into Icy Brook (Spring 19). Concentrations ranged from a high of almost 50 mBq/L for a sample from Spring 19 in June 1996 to a concentration near the detection limit for a sample from Andrews Creek in April 1997. Sulphur 35 concentrations were normalized to sulphate (as mBq/mg SO4−2) and were decay‐corrected to a Julian day of 90 (April 1) for each year. Snowpack had the highest 35S concentration with an average concentration of 53 mBq/mg SO4−2. Concentrations in the streams were much lower, even when corrected for decay relative to JD 90. The large 35S concentrations found in Spring 19 were the result of increases in concentration due to sublimation and/or evapotranspiration and were lower than snowpack when normalized to sulphate. Using 35S concentrations found in snowpack as of JD 90 as a beginning concentration, the fraction of sulphate in streamflow that was derived from atmospheric deposition within the prior water year was estimated. For Icy Brook and Andrews Creek the fraction of the sulphate in streamflow derived from that year's snowpack and precipitation was low prior to the beginning of the main spring melt, reached a maximum during the period of maximum flow, and decreased as the summer progressed. A calculation of the seasonal flux indicated that about 40% of the sulphate that flowed out of the watershed was derived from atmospheric sulphate deposited during the previous year. This suggests that more than half of the sulphate deposited in the watershed by atmospheric processes during the previous year was removed during the following summer. Thus sulphate retention in alpine watersheds like Loch Vale is very limited, and changes in sulphate deposition should be quickly reflected in stream chemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900276","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., Campbell, D.H., Clow, D.W., and Turk, J.T., 2000, Timescales for migration of atmospherically derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 27-36, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900276.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900276","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3e2e4b08c986b326047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":396817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023136,"text":"70023136 - 2000 - Reactive transport of metal contaminants in alluvium: Model comparison and column simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T09:21:43","indexId":"70023136","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive transport of metal contaminants in alluvium: Model comparison and column simulation","docAbstract":"A comparative assessment of two reactive-transport models, PHREEQC and HYDROGEOCHEM (HGC), was done to determine the suitability of each for simulating the movement of acidic contamination in alluvium. For simulations that accounted for aqueous complexation, precipitation and dissolution, the breakthrough and rinseout curves generated by each model were similar. The differences in simulated equilibrium concentrations between models were minor and were related to (1) different units in model output, (2) different activity coefficients, and (3) ionic-strength calculations. When adsorption processes were added to the models, the rinseout pH simulated by PHREEQC using the diffuse double-layer adsorption model rose to a pH of 6 after pore volume 15, about 1 pore volume later than the pH simulated by HGC using the constant-capacitance model. In PHREEQC simulation of a laboratory column experiment, the inability of the model to match measured outflow concentrations of selected constituents was related to the evident lack of local geochemical equilibrium in the column. The difference in timing and size of measured and simulated breakthrough of selected constituents indicated that the redox and adsorption reactions in the column occurred slowly when compared with the modeled reactions. MINTEQA2 and PHREEQC simulations of the column experiment indicated that the number of surface sites that took part in adsorption reactions was less than that estimated from the measured concentration of Fe hydroxide in the alluvium.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00004-9","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., Bassett, R., and Glynn, P.D., 2000, Reactive transport of metal contaminants in alluvium: Model comparison and column simulation: Applied Geochemistry, v. 15, no. 1, p. 35-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00004-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00004-9"},{"id":233556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a958be4b0c8380cd81aae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J. G.","contributorId":28263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bassett, R.L.","contributorId":13233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022951,"text":"70022951 - 2000 - Sorption of selected organic compounds from water to a peat soil and its humic-acid and humin fractions: Potential sources of the sorption nonlinearity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:58:15","indexId":"70022951","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of selected organic compounds from water to a peat soil and its humic-acid and humin fractions: Potential sources of the sorption nonlinearity","docAbstract":"The sorption isotherms of ethylene dibromide (EDB), diuron (DUN), and 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) from water on the humic acid and humin fractions of a peat soil and on the humic-acid of a muck soil have been measured. The data were compared with those of the solutes with the whole peat from which the humic-acid (HA) and humin (HM) fractions were derived and on which the sorption of the solutes exhibited varying extents of nonlinear capacities at low relative concentrations (C(e)/S(w)). The HA fraction as prepared by the density-fractionated method is relatively pure and presumably free of high- surface-area carbonaceous material (HSACM) that is considered to be responsible for the observed nonlinear sorption for nonpolar solutes (e.g., EDB) on the peat; conversely, the base-insoluble HM fraction as prepared is presumed to be enriched with HSACM, as manifested by the greatly higher BET- (N2) surface area than that of the whole peat. The sorption of EDB on HA exhibits no visible nonlinear effect, whereas the sorption on HM shows an enhanced nonlinearity over that on the whole peat. The sorption of polar DUN and DCP on HA and HM display nonlinear effects comparable with those on the whole peat; the effects are much more significant than those with nonpolar EDB. These results conform to the hypothesis that adsorption onto a small amount of strongly adsorbing HSACM is largely responsible for the nonlinear sorption of nonpolar solutes on soils and that additional specific interactions with the active groups of soil organic matter are responsible for the generally higher nonlinear sorption of the polar solutes.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es990261c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Kile, D.E., Rutherford, D., Sheng, G., and Boyd, S., 2000, Sorption of selected organic compounds from water to a peat soil and its humic-acid and humin fractions: Potential sources of the sorption nonlinearity: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1254-1258, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990261c.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1254","endPage":"1258","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990261c"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9310e4b08c986b31a277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheng, G.","contributorId":70961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyd, S.A.","contributorId":74517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022179,"text":"70022179 - 2000 - Methyl-mercury degradation pathways: A comparison among three mercury impacted ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:59:14","indexId":"70022179","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methyl-mercury degradation pathways: A comparison among three mercury impacted ecosystems","docAbstract":"We examined microbial methylmercury (MeHg) degradation in sediment of the Florida Everglades, Carson River (NV), and San Carlos Creek (CA), three freshwater environments that differ in the extent and type of mercury contamination and sediment biogeochemistry. Degradation rate constant (kdeg) values increased with total mercury (Hgt) contamination both among and within ecosystems. The highest kdeg's (2.8−5.8 d-1) were observed in San Carlos Creek, at acid mine drainage impacted sites immediately downstream of the former New Idria mercury mine, where Hgt ranged from 4.5 to 21.3 ppm (dry wt). A reductive degradation pathway (presumably mer-detoxification) dominated degradation at these sites, as indicated by the nearly exclusive production of 14CH4 from 14C-MeHg, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. At the upstream control site, and in the less contaminated ecosystems (e.g. the Everglades), kdeg's were low (≤0.2 d-1) and oxidative demethylation (OD) dominated degradation, as evident from 14CO2production. kdeg increased with microbial CH4 production, organic content, and reduced sulfur in the Carson River system and increased with decreasing pH in San Carlos Creek. OD associated CO2 production increased with pore-water SO42- in Everglades samples but was not attributable to anaerobic methane oxidation, as has been previously proposed. This ecosystem comparison indicates that severely contaminated sediments tend to have microbial populations that actively degrade MeHg via mer-detoxification, whereas OD occurs in heavily contaminated sediments as well but dominates in those less contaminated.
Weekly composite air samples were collected from early April through to mid-September 1995 at three paired urban and agricultural sites along the Mississippi River region of the Midwestern United States. The paired sampling sites were located in Mississippi, Iowa, and Minnesota. A background site, removed from dense urban and agricultural areas, was located on the shore of Lake Superior in Michigan. Each sample was analyzed for 49 compounds; of these, 21 of 26 herbicides, 13 of 19 insecticides, and 4 of 4 related transformation products were detected during the study, with most pesticides detected in more than one sample. The maximum number of pesticides detected in an air sample was 18. Herbicides were the predominant type of pesticide detected at every site. Detection frequencies of most herbicides were similar at the urban and agricultural sites in Iowa and Minnesota. In Mississippi, herbicides generally were detected more frequently at the agricultural site. The insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and carbaryl, which are used in agricultural and non-agricultural settings, were detected more frequently in urban sites than agricultural sites in Mississippi and Iowa. Methyl parathion was detected in 70% of the samples from the Mississippi agricultural site and at the highest concentration (62 ng/m3 air) of any insecticide measured in the study. At the background site, dacthal (100%), atrazine (35%), cyanazine (22%), and the (primarily atrazine) triazine transformation products CIAT (35%) and CEAT (17%) were detected most frequently, suggesting their potential for long-range atmospheric transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00544-6","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W., Majewski, M., Goolsby, D.A., Wiebe, F., and Coupe, R., 2000, Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part II: Air: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 213-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00544-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 35.35321610123823\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 36.27970720524017\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -83.0126953125,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -95.5810546875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -95.7568359375,\n 40.78054143186033\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -93.55957031249999,\n 30.789036751261136\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 30.334953881988564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a776de4b0c8380cd784be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiebe, F.W.","contributorId":83311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiebe","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022945,"text":"70022945 - 2000 - Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:24:51","indexId":"70022945","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"Stable isotope data (2H and 18O) were used in conjunction with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) data to determine the fraction and age of irrigation water in ground water mixtures from farmed parts of the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) Aquifer in south-central Idaho. Two groups of waters were recognized: (1) regional background water, unaffected by irrigation and fertilizer application, and (2) mixtures of irrigation water from the Snake River with regional background water. New data are presented comparing CFC and 3H/3He dating of water recharged through deep fractured basalt, and dating of young fractions in ground water mixtures. The 3H/3He ages of irrigation water in most mixtures ranged from about zero to eight years. The CFC ages of irrigation water in mixtures ranged from values near those based on 3H/3He dating to values biased older than the 3H/3He ages by as much as eight to 10 years. Unsaturated zone air had CFC-12 and CFC-113 concentrations that were 60% to 95%, and 50% to 90%, respectively, of modern air concentrations and were consistently contaminated with CFC-11. Irrigation water diverted from the Snake River was contaminated with CFC-11 but near solubility equilibrium with CFC-12 and CFC-113. The dating indicates ground water velocities of 5 to 8 m/d for water along the top of the ESRP Aquifer near the southwestern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Many of the regional background waters contain excess terrigenic helium with a 3He/4He isotope ratio of 7 x 10-6 to 11 x 10-6 (R/Ra = 5 to 8) and could not be dated. Ratios of CFC data indicate that some rangeland water may contain as much as 5% to 30% young water (ages of less than or equal to two to 11.5 years) mixed with old regional background water. The relatively low residence times of ground water in irrigated parts of the ESRP Aquifer and the dilution with low-NO3 irrigation water from the Snake River lower the potential for NO3 contamination in agricultural areas.","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Rupert, M., Busenberg, E., and Schlosser, P., 2000, Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 2, p. 264-283, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8efe4b0c8380cd47fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupert, M.G.","contributorId":24455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022504,"text":"70022504 - 2000 - Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:26:41","indexId":"70022504","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"The crystallization of calcium carbonate minerals plays an integral role in the water chemistry of terrestrial ecosystems. Humic substances, which are ubiquitous in natural waters, have been shown to reduce or inhibit calcite crystal growth in experiments. The purpose of this study is to quantify and understand the kinetic effects of hydrophobic organic acids isolated from the Florida Everglades and a fulvic acid from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, on the crystal growth of calcite (CaCO3). Highly reproducible calcite growth experiments were performed in a sealed reactor at constant pH, temperature, supersaturation (Ω = 4.5), PCO2(10−3.5atm), and ionic strength (0.1 M) with various concentrations of organic acids. Higher plant-derived aquatic hydrophobic acids from the Everglades were more effective growth inhibitors than microbially derived fulvic acid from Lake Fryxell. Organic acid aromaticity correlated strongly with growth inhibition. Molecular weight and heteroatom content correlated well with growth inhibition, whereas carboxyl content and aliphatic nature did not.
In April 1995, the US Geological Survey began a study to determine the occurrence and temporal distribution of 49 pesticides and pesticide metabolites in air and rain samples from an urban and an agricultural sampling site in Mississippi. The study was a joint effort between the National Water-Quality Assessment and the Toxic Substances Programs and was part of a larger study examining the occurrence and temporal distribution of pesticides in air and rain in the Mississippi River basin. Concurrent high-volume air and wet-only deposition samples were collected weekly. The air samplers consisted of a glass-fiber filter to collect particles and tandem polyurethane foam plugs to collect gas-phase pesticides. Every rain and air sample collected from the urban and agricultural sites had detectable levels of multiple pesticides. The magnitude of the total concentration was 5-10 times higher at the agricultural site as compared to the urban site. The pesticide with the highest concentration in rain at both sites was methyl parathion. The pesticide with the highest concentration in the air samples from the agricultural site was also methyl parathion, but from the urban site the highest concentration was diazinon followed closely by chlorpyrifos. More than two decades since p,p'-DDT was banned from use in the United States, p,p'-DDE, a metabolite of p,p'-DDT, was detected in every air sample collected from the agricultural site and in more than half of the air samples from the urban site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00545-8","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R., Manning, M., Foreman, W., Goolsby, D.A., and Majewski, M., 2000, Occurrence of pesticides in rain and air in urban and agricultural areas of Mississippi, April-September 1995: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 227-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00545-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-89.095623,30.231767],[-89.077259,30.23168],[-89.067128,30.250199],[-89.063989,30.246299],[-89.073538,30.223318],[-89.091469,30.202305],[-89.118222,30.223343],[-89.156738,30.230699],[-89.095623,30.231767]]],[[[-88.90037,30.224576],[-88.945498,30.209646],[-88.974672,30.207391],[-88.984249,30.21032],[-88.920511,30.220578],[-88.889797,30.239665],[-88.87366,30.241748],[-88.90037,30.224576]]],[[[-88.710719,30.250799],[-88.656804,30.233956],[-88.573044,30.22264],[-88.562067,30.227476],[-88.569138,30.221357],[-88.587424,30.219154],[-88.665857,30.228847],[-88.71183,30.242662],[-88.752782,30.238803],[-88.771991,30.245523],[-88.73255,30.246322],[-88.718104,30.252931],[-88.710719,30.250799]]],[[[-88.506999,30.214348],[-88.453444,30.201236],[-88.430332,30.208548],[-88.401466,30.210172],[-88.428301,30.198511],[-88.453654,30.196584],[-88.493523,30.205945],[-88.506999,30.214348]]],[[[-90.309297,34.995694],[-88.200064,34.995634],[-88.176106,34.962519],[-88.154617,34.922392],[-88.136692,34.907592],[-88.097888,34.892202],[-88.243025,33.79568],[-88.473227,31.893856],[-88.41863,30.866528],[-88.395023,30.369425],[-88.399062,30.360744],[-88.39398,30.349307],[-88.401181,30.344382],[-88.409927,30.342115],[-88.418811,30.353911],[-88.433891,30.354652],[-88.446495,30.347753],[-88.446625,30.337671],[-88.45381,30.329626],[-88.480117,30.318345],[-88.504802,30.321472],[-88.506334,30.327398],[-88.522494,30.340092],[-88.579483,30.34419],[-88.599249,30.358933],[-88.613745,30.353108],[-88.624523,30.358713],[-88.66382,30.362099],[-88.700587,30.343689],[-88.728893,30.342671],[-88.746945,30.347622],[-88.771742,30.365403],[-88.811615,30.384907],[-88.810227,30.394698],[-88.841328,30.409598],[-88.857828,30.392898],[-88.851442,30.375355],[-88.89393,30.393398],[-88.971233,30.390798],[-89.016334,30.383898],[-89.083237,30.368097],[-89.18684,30.331197],[-89.285744,30.303097],[-89.294444,30.307596],[-89.291844,30.328096],[-89.287844,30.333196],[-89.281564,30.33198],[-89.279818,30.34979],[-89.292499,30.365635],[-89.315067,30.375408],[-89.335942,30.374016],[-89.353248,30.368795],[-89.366116,30.352169],[-89.332546,30.337895],[-89.322545,30.314896],[-89.329946,30.302896],[-89.365747,30.284896],[-89.379547,30.270396],[-89.419348,30.25432],[-89.430428,30.223218],[-89.447465,30.205098],[-89.44791,30.185352],[-89.461275,30.174745],[-89.469792,30.176278],[-89.480214,30.193751],[-89.503231,30.183051],[-89.524504,30.180753],[-89.530452,30.192197],[-89.538652,30.195797],[-89.570154,30.180297],[-89.585754,30.192096],[-89.596655,30.211796],[-89.615856,30.223195],[-89.614156,30.244595],[-89.631789,30.256924],[-89.631411,30.279662],[-89.64344,30.287682],[-89.640401,30.306755],[-89.626221,30.314255],[-89.629727,30.339287],[-89.657191,30.356515],[-89.683686,30.405873],[-89.684118,30.412646],[-89.678514,30.414012],[-89.684816,30.439511],[-89.68341,30.451793],[-89.701799,30.465115],[-89.709551,30.477853],[-89.715886,30.477797],[-89.724614,30.491902],[-89.758133,30.505404],[-89.76057,30.515761],[-89.768133,30.51502],[-89.779565,30.544345],[-89.793818,30.545935],[-89.794532,30.556554],[-89.803887,30.560581],[-89.790078,30.565333],[-89.794495,30.569653],[-89.808027,30.567998],[-89.807118,30.587337],[-89.819838,30.59534],[-89.814563,30.606152],[-89.821286,30.60713],[-89.823261,30.622803],[-89.818081,30.634019],[-89.821868,30.644024],[-89.833261,30.657516],[-89.851889,30.661199],[-89.85055,30.664781],[-89.843355,30.663699],[-89.837894,30.672514],[-89.847201,30.670038],[-89.835848,30.699555],[-89.845801,30.707314],[-89.836257,30.716185],[-89.831961,30.715384],[-89.828061,30.725018],[-89.836331,30.727197],[-89.83687,30.734661],[-89.816764,30.740076],[-89.826053,30.742322],[-89.831537,30.76761],[-89.819164,30.795229],[-89.81261,30.789876],[-89.804696,30.791624],[-89.810863,30.797379],[-89.800422,30.810425],[-89.800049,30.819078],[-89.782404,30.817975],[-89.783985,30.827385],[-89.790432,30.830985],[-89.790121,30.837983],[-89.780947,30.848542],[-89.784073,30.85527],[-89.771722,30.854677],[-89.767955,30.863858],[-89.778005,30.873411],[-89.778583,30.878903],[-89.770027,30.882254],[-89.773553,30.896862],[-89.757024,30.898947],[-89.764202,30.911906],[-89.759403,30.915134],[-89.750073,30.91293],[-89.744789,30.918933],[-89.756333,30.943498],[-89.735686,30.966573],[-89.728041,30.966518],[-89.727086,30.969707],[-89.736883,30.977122],[-89.732168,30.978088],[-89.727698,30.993329],[-89.73554,30.999715],[-89.728145,31.0023],[-89.732504,31.004831],[-89.751481,30.99969],[-91.636942,30.999416],[-91.578413,31.02403],[-91.564397,31.038965],[-91.559907,31.054119],[-91.567648,31.070186],[-91.61857,31.107328],[-91.625994,31.116896],[-91.625118,31.131879],[-91.597062,31.163492],[-91.589046,31.178586],[-91.588939,31.188959],[-91.601616,31.208573],[-91.625119,31.226071],[-91.644356,31.234414],[-91.652019,31.242691],[-91.654027,31.255753],[-91.637672,31.26768],[-91.564192,31.261633],[-91.537734,31.267369],[-91.515614,31.27821],[-91.508858,31.291644],[-91.507977,31.312943],[-91.548967,31.347255],[-91.551002,31.363645],[-91.546607,31.381198],[-91.55568,31.386413],[-91.568953,31.377629],[-91.578334,31.399067],[-91.576265,31.410498],[-91.565179,31.423447],[-91.548465,31.432668],[-91.541626,31.431706],[-91.532336,31.390275],[-91.521836,31.37517],[-91.504163,31.36495],[-91.47887,31.364955],[-91.471098,31.376917],[-91.472065,31.395925],[-91.500046,31.42052],[-91.513366,31.444396],[-91.518148,31.483483],[-91.514917,31.510113],[-91.520579,31.513207],[-91.522536,31.522078],[-91.511217,31.532612],[-91.489618,31.534266],[-91.481318,31.530666],[-91.443916,31.542466],[-91.414915,31.562166],[-91.405415,31.576466],[-91.403915,31.589766],[-91.422716,31.597065],[-91.466317,31.586066],[-91.488618,31.587466],[-91.502783,31.595727],[-91.516567,31.611818],[-91.515462,31.630372],[-91.494478,31.645013],[-91.474318,31.625365],[-91.436716,31.612665],[-91.421116,31.611565],[-91.401015,31.620365],[-91.395715,31.644165],[-91.400115,31.688164],[-91.397915,31.709364],[-91.371804,31.742948],[-91.365034,31.748184],[-91.338663,31.750005],[-91.275545,31.745515],[-91.263406,31.754468],[-91.259611,31.76129],[-91.263043,31.766995],[-91.286045,31.772062],[-91.325973,31.76151],[-91.355214,31.758063],[-91.365529,31.761628],[-91.359514,31.799362],[-91.345714,31.842861],[-91.333814,31.853261],[-91.294713,31.86046],[-91.289312,31.846861],[-91.289412,31.828661],[-91.282212,31.814762],[-91.269212,31.809162],[-91.255611,31.812662],[-91.245047,31.831447],[-91.266612,31.851161],[-91.267712,31.86266],[-91.234899,31.876863],[-91.20281,31.907959],[-91.18061,31.917959],[-91.18491,31.923759],[-91.18371,31.933158],[-91.19111,31.934158],[-91.18481,31.965557],[-91.16441,31.982557],[-91.104108,31.990357],[-91.075908,32.016828],[-91.088108,32.034455],[-91.15141,32.049255],[-91.16131,32.059755],[-91.16031,32.070354],[-91.14881,32.080154],[-91.139309,32.081754],[-91.128609,32.076554],[-91.103708,32.050255],[-91.082308,32.047555],[-91.079108,32.050255],[-91.080008,32.079154],[-91.034707,32.101053],[-91.030507,32.108153],[-91.030907,32.120552],[-91.017606,32.125153],[-91.004106,32.146152],[-91.00619,32.156957],[-91.025007,32.162552],[-91.050207,32.178451],[-91.057647,32.177354],[-91.058907,32.171251],[-91.048507,32.150152],[-91.053175,32.124237],[-91.08163,32.133992],[-91.101181,32.131136],[-91.111294,32.125036],[-91.162822,32.132694],[-91.174552,32.154978],[-91.164171,32.196888],[-91.133587,32.213432],[-91.11727,32.206668],[-91.108509,32.20815],[-91.100409,32.21785],[-91.083708,32.22645],[-91.071108,32.22605],[-91.061408,32.21865],[-91.050307,32.237949],[-91.039007,32.242349],[-91.021507,32.236149],[-91.006106,32.22405],[-91.002469,32.215812],[-90.988672,32.215812],[-90.983434,32.221305],[-90.98029,32.243601],[-90.970016,32.25168],[-90.982985,32.270294],[-90.980747,32.29141],[-90.976199,32.29645],[-90.964149,32.296872],[-90.953008,32.284043],[-90.947834,32.283486],[-90.922231,32.298639],[-90.902558,32.319587],[-90.90072,32.330379],[-90.875631,32.372434],[-90.89206,32.370579],[-90.897762,32.35436],[-90.912363,32.339454],[-90.993625,32.354047],[-91.004506,32.364744],[-90.99408,32.403862],[-90.967767,32.418279],[-90.96856,32.438084],[-90.978547,32.447032],[-90.993863,32.45085],[-91.029606,32.433542],[-91.052907,32.438442],[-91.095308,32.458741],[-91.116008,32.48314],[-91.116708,32.500139],[-91.101304,32.525599],[-91.093741,32.549128],[-91.074817,32.533467],[-91.050907,32.500139],[-91.038106,32.49044],[-91.004206,32.48214],[-90.990703,32.487749],[-90.987831,32.49419],[-90.994481,32.506331],[-91.005468,32.513842],[-91.061685,32.536448],[-91.075373,32.546718],[-91.080398,32.556442],[-91.03617,32.579556],[-91.010228,32.601927],[-91.002962,32.622555],[-91.014286,32.640482],[-91.025769,32.646573],[-91.038415,32.636443],[-91.049796,32.607188],[-91.112764,32.590186],[-91.118641,32.585139],[-91.127912,32.586493],[-91.144074,32.600613],[-91.153556,32.626181],[-91.152699,32.640757],[-91.138712,32.649774],[-91.127723,32.665343],[-91.104443,32.682434],[-91.076061,32.693751],[-91.063946,32.702926],[-91.054749,32.719229],[-91.056999,32.72558],[-91.077176,32.732534],[-91.123152,32.742798],[-91.154461,32.742339],[-91.165328,32.751301],[-91.156918,32.780343],[-91.164397,32.785821],[-91.161669,32.812465],[-91.145002,32.84287],[-91.127886,32.855059],[-91.105631,32.858396],[-91.070602,32.888659],[-91.064449,32.901064],[-91.064804,32.926464],[-91.083084,32.947909],[-91.080355,32.962794],[-91.086802,32.976266],[-91.09693,32.986412],[-91.106581,32.988938],[-91.134414,32.980533],[-91.138585,32.971352],[-91.131243,32.960928],[-91.137863,32.952756],[-91.132115,32.923122],[-91.15169,32.901935],[-91.170235,32.899391],[-91.196785,32.906784],[-91.208263,32.915354],[-91.213972,32.927198],[-91.210705,32.939845],[-91.199415,32.952314],[-91.201842,32.961212],[-91.168973,32.992132],[-91.162363,33.019684],[-91.129088,33.033554],[-91.120379,33.05453],[-91.124639,33.064127],[-91.149823,33.081603],[-91.171514,33.087818],[-91.180836,33.098364],[-91.200167,33.10693],[-91.20178,33.125121],[-91.193174,33.136734],[-91.183662,33.141691],[-91.161651,33.141781],[-91.151853,33.131802],[-91.131659,33.129101],[-91.104317,33.131598],[-91.089862,33.139655],[-91.084366,33.180856],[-91.091711,33.220813],[-91.070697,33.227302],[-91.050407,33.251202],[-91.045191,33.265404],[-91.043624,33.274636],[-91.04815,33.282796],[-91.072567,33.285885],[-91.083694,33.278557],[-91.099093,33.238173],[-91.106142,33.241799],[-91.117223,33.260685],[-91.128078,33.268502],[-91.125539,33.280255],[-91.141615,33.299539],[-91.143667,33.328398],[-91.142219,33.348989],[-91.120409,33.363809],[-91.101456,33.38719],[-91.075293,33.405966],[-91.058152,33.428705],[-91.057621,33.445341],[-91.067623,33.455104],[-91.086498,33.451576],[-91.096723,33.437603],[-91.095211,33.417488],[-91.10717,33.399078],[-91.123623,33.387526],[-91.154017,33.378914],[-91.171968,33.38103],[-91.191127,33.389634],[-91.20922,33.40629],[-91.199354,33.418321],[-91.17628,33.416979],[-91.131885,33.430063],[-91.118495,33.449116],[-91.125109,33.472842],[-91.167403,33.498304],[-91.177148,33.48617],[-91.16936,33.452629],[-91.177293,33.443638],[-91.206807,33.433846],[-91.235181,33.438972],[-91.231661,33.4571],[-91.208535,33.468606],[-91.182901,33.502379],[-91.187367,33.510552],[-91.219297,33.532364],[-91.229834,33.547047],[-91.231418,33.560593],[-91.224121,33.567369],[-91.198285,33.572061],[-91.17822,33.582607],[-91.152148,33.582721],[-91.134043,33.594489],[-91.130445,33.606034],[-91.139209,33.625658],[-91.171168,33.647766],[-91.219048,33.661503],[-91.228228,33.671326],[-91.227857,33.683073],[-91.22057,33.692923],[-91.205377,33.700819],[-91.162464,33.70684],[-91.13045,33.674522],[-91.09404,33.658351],[-91.078507,33.658283],[-91.034565,33.673018],[-91.030402,33.687766],[-91.03612,33.689113],[-91.046778,33.706313],[-91.059891,33.714816],[-91.06829,33.716477],[-91.101101,33.705007],[-91.117733,33.705342],[-91.132338,33.714246],[-91.146618,33.732456],[-91.140756,33.759735],[-91.145112,33.76734],[-91.133854,33.782814],[-91.123466,33.782106],[-91.107318,33.770619],[-91.053886,33.778701],[-91.023285,33.762991],[-91.000106,33.769165],[-90.988466,33.78453],[-91.000107,33.799549],[-91.046849,33.815365],[-91.067511,33.840443],[-91.073011,33.857449],[-91.070883,33.866714],[-91.026382,33.90798],[-91.010318,33.929352],[-91.035961,33.943758],[-91.084095,33.956179],[-91.089787,33.966004],[-91.087921,33.975335],[-91.075378,33.983586],[-91.042751,33.986811],[-91.01889,34.003151],[-91.000108,33.966428],[-90.983359,33.960186],[-90.967632,33.963324],[-90.961548,33.979945],[-90.979945,34.000106],[-90.987948,34.019038],[-90.970726,34.02162],[-90.942662,34.01805],[-90.89242,34.02686],[-90.887413,34.032505],[-90.887837,34.055403],[-90.870528,34.080516],[-90.882628,34.096615],[-90.918395,34.093054],[-90.946323,34.109374],[-90.958467,34.125105],[-90.9543,34.138498],[-90.91001,34.165508],[-90.894385,34.160953],[-90.86458,34.140555],[-90.847168,34.136884],[-90.825708,34.142011],[-90.810884,34.155903],[-90.808685,34.175878],[-90.816572,34.183023],[-90.8556,34.18688],[-90.887884,34.18198],[-90.916048,34.196916],[-90.93522,34.21905],[-90.937152,34.23411],[-90.929015,34.244541],[-90.907082,34.244492],[-90.89456,34.22438],[-90.87912,34.21545],[-90.847808,34.20653],[-90.840009,34.223077],[-90.836972,34.250104],[-90.828267,34.27365],[-90.802928,34.282465],[-90.765165,34.280524],[-90.743082,34.302257],[-90.74061,34.313469],[-90.744713,34.324872],[-90.767108,34.345264],[-90.767061,34.360271],[-90.762085,34.364754],[-90.750107,34.367919],[-90.712088,34.363805],[-90.683222,34.368817],[-90.68162,34.35291],[-90.691551,34.338618],[-90.693129,34.32257],[-90.686003,34.315771],[-90.669343,34.31302],[-90.661395,34.315398],[-90.657488,34.322231],[-90.666862,34.348569],[-90.666788,34.35582],[-90.655346,34.371846],[-90.658542,34.375705],[-90.613944,34.390723],[-90.571145,34.420319],[-90.566505,34.429528],[-90.56733,34.440383],[-90.585477,34.461247],[-90.588942,34.491097],[-90.578493,34.516296],[-90.545728,34.53775],[-90.540736,34.548085],[-90.545891,34.563257],[-90.570133,34.587457],[-90.587224,34.615732],[-90.58344,34.641389],[-90.588536,34.668646],[-90.567334,34.693371],[-90.552317,34.697087],[-90.540074,34.684981],[-90.538061,34.673232],[-90.552642,34.659707],[-90.554129,34.640871],[-90.543696,34.629559],[-90.524481,34.628504],[-90.479718,34.659934],[-90.466041,34.674312],[-90.462552,34.687576],[-90.475194,34.700826],[-90.538974,34.698783],[-90.565646,34.721053],[-90.565437,34.736536],[-90.547606,34.744367],[-90.542695,34.752626],[-90.547612,34.784589],[-90.53651,34.798572],[-90.514706,34.801768],[-90.500994,34.771187],[-90.520556,34.753388],[-90.521004,34.738612],[-90.514735,34.729656],[-90.488865,34.723731],[-90.469897,34.72703],[-90.454968,34.735557],[-90.453038,34.753352],[-90.47459,34.7932],[-90.456935,34.823383],[-90.481955,34.857805],[-90.485038,34.869252],[-90.479872,34.883264],[-90.466154,34.890989],[-90.453916,34.891122],[-90.438313,34.884581],[-90.42898,34.867168],[-90.431741,34.855051],[-90.428754,34.8414],[-90.423879,34.834606],[-90.414864,34.831846],[-90.34038,34.860357],[-90.323067,34.846391],[-90.307384,34.846195],[-90.303698,34.859704],[-90.313476,34.871698],[-90.250095,34.90732],[-90.244725,34.921031],[-90.244476,34.937596],[-90.253969,34.954988],[-90.296422,34.976346],[-90.309297,34.995694]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mississippi\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c1fe4b0c8380cd74a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, M.A.","contributorId":19737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022914,"text":"70022914 - 2000 - Occurrence and distribution of microbiological indicators in groundwater and stream water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T16:10:53.838458","indexId":"70022914","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3711,"text":"Water Environment Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and distribution of microbiological indicators in groundwater and stream water","docAbstract":"A total of 136 stream water and 143 groundwater samples collected in five important hydrologic systems of the United States were analyzed for microbiological indicators to test monitoring concepts in a nationally consistent program. Total coliforms were found in 99%, Escherichia coli in 97%, and Clostridium perfringens in 73% of stream water samples analyzed for each bacterium. Total coliforms were found in 20%, E. coli in less than 1%, and C. perfringens in none of the groundwater samples analyzed for each bacterium. Although coliphage analyses were performed on many of the samples, contamination in the laboratory and problems discerning discrete plaques precluded quantification. Land use was found to have the most significant effect on concentrations of bacterial indicators in stream water. Presence of septic systems on the property near the sampling site and well depth were found to be related to detection of coliforms in groundwater, although these relationships were not statistically significant. A greater diversity of sites, more detailed information about some factors, and a larger dataset may provide further insight to factors that affect microbiological indicators.
","language":"English","publisher":"Water Environment Federation","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA, United States","doi":"10.2175/106143000X137220","issn":"10614303","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., Helsel, D., and Nally, R.A., 2000, Occurrence and distribution of microbiological indicators in groundwater and stream water: Water Environment Research, v. 72, no. 2, p. 152-161, https://doi.org/10.2175/106143000X137220.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"161","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b3ae4b0c8380cd745a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nally, Rebecca A.","contributorId":94068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nally","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022793,"text":"70022793 - 2000 - Reactive uptake of trace metals in the hyporheic zone of a mining- contaminated stream, Pinal Creek, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:42:26","indexId":"70022793","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive uptake of trace metals in the hyporheic zone of a mining- contaminated stream, Pinal Creek, Arizona","docAbstract":"Significant uptake of dissolved metals occurred by interaction of groundwater and surface water with hyporheic-zone sediments during transport in Pinal Creek, AZ. The extent of trace metal uptake was calculated by mass balance measurements made directly within the hyporheic zone. A conservative solute tracer injected into the stream was used to quantify hydrologic exchange with the stream and groundwater. Fractional reactive uptake of dissolved metals entering the hyporheic zone was determined at 29 sites and averaged 52 ± 25, 27 ± 19, and 36 ± 24% for Co, Ni, and Zn, compared with Mn uptake of 22 ± 19%. First-order rate constants (λh) of metal uptake in the hyporheic zone were determined at seven sites using the exchange rate of water derived from tracer arrival in the streambed. Reaction-time constants (1/λh) averaged 0.41, 0.84, and 0.38 h for Co, Ni, and Zn, respectively, and 1.3 h for Mn. In laboratory experiments with streambed sediments, metal uptake increased with preexisting Mn oxide concentration, supporting our interpretation that Mn oxides in the hyporheic zone enhance trace metal uptake. Reach-scale mass-balance calculations that include groundwater metal inputs indicated that decreases in metal loads ranged from 12 to 68% over the 7-km perennial reach depending on the metal. The decreases in metal loads are attributed to uptake of trace metals by Mn oxides in the hyporheic zone that is enhanced because of ongoing Mn oxide formation. Analysis of dissolved-metal streambed profiles and conservative solute tracers provide a valuable tool for quantifying metal uptake or release in the hyporheic zone of contaminated streams.