Within-clutch variability of DDE and PCB residues in eggs from 62 clutches of black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) was small (12% and 17%) compared to among-clutch variability (88% and 83%). Significant correlations between concentrations of DDE (median r=0.8885) and of PCBs (median r=0.8244) occurred when 501 correlations were run on two randomly selected eggs from within the same clutch; no significant correlation occurred for either concentrations of DDE (median r=0.0353) or PCBs (median r=−0.0843) when eggs were not restricted to the same clutch but were restricted to the same colony. The probability of finding infrequently detected organochlorine contaminants (e.g., DDT, cis-chlordane) in eggs from the same clutch varied from 43–96% and increased as the chemical became more prevalent and the number of eggs per clutch became smaller. These results further support one of the basic assumptions of the sample egg technique, that the chemical residues in one egg in a clutch accurately reflect residues in the remaining eggs of the clutch.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00454750","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Pendleton, G., and Ohlendorf, H.M., 1990, Within- and among-clutch variation of organochlorine residues in eggs of black-crowned night-herons: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 15, no. 1, p. 83-89, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00454750.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, G.","contributorId":17962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222424,"text":"5222424 - 1990 - [Book review] Ospreys: A natural and unnatural history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T16:38:08","indexId":"5222424","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:11","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Ospreys: A natural and unnatural history","docAbstract":"The Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is now arguably the world's best known bird of prey. The DDT-related Osprey population crash in the northeastern United States resulted in an unparalleled amount of research during the last 20 years. In 1969, when I published my first paper on Ospreys in The Auk, there were only three or four osprey papers of consequence in the United States, plus an important paper on Swedish Ospreys, which hardly compares to the nearly 300 papers (the great majority dealing with Ospreys) cited by Poole in his book. Based on his detailed investigations in eastern North America and the literature from throughout the world, Poole wrote a book with perfect timing. A synthesis of the massive literature on this species was needed, and judging from the bio- logical soundness, completeness, and clear writing style, Poole was the proper person to write the book. Of course it is one aim to prepare a synthesis but, in addition, Poole carefully points out potential biases in data, gaps in information, and needs for further research. The book is both informative, and points out research problems for the next generation of Osprey investigators.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088026","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., 1990, [Book review] Ospreys: A natural and unnatural history: The Auk, v. 107, no. 4, p. 808-809, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088026.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"808","endPage":"809","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"4","publicComments":"Review of: Ospreys: A Natural and Unnatural History. Alan F. Poole. 1989. Cambridge, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press. xviii + 246 pp., 92 text figures, 21 text tables, 10 appendices (figures and tables). ISBN 0-521-30623-X","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47bde4b07f02db4a4288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015888,"text":"70015888 - 1990 - Textural development of clayey and quartzofeldspathic fault gouges relative to their sliding behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T15:42:07.914968","indexId":"70015888","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Textural development of clayey and quartzofeldspathic fault gouges relative to their sliding behavior","docAbstract":"Many of the secondary fault structures developed during triaxial friction experiments have been generally correlated with the structures of natural fault zones. Therefore, any physical differences that can be found between laboratory samples that slide stably and those that show stick-slip motion may help to identify the cause of earthquakes. We have examined petrographically the run products of many triaxial friction experiments using clayey and quartzofeldspathic gouges, which comprise the principal types of natural fault gouge material. The examined samples were tested under a wide range of temperature, confining and fluid pressure, and velocity conditions.
The clayey and quartzofeldspathic gouges show some textural differences, owing to their different mineral contents and grain sizes and shapes. In the clayey gouges, for example, a clay mineral fabric and kink band sets are commonly developed, whereas in the quartzofeldspathic gouges fracturing and crushing of the predominately quartz and feldspar grains are important processes. For both types of gouge, however, and whatever the pressure-temperature-velocity conditions of the experiments, the transition from stable sliding to stick-slip motion is correlated with: (i) a change from pervasive deformation of the gouge layer to localized slip in subsidiary shears; and (ii) an increase in the angle betweem the shears that crosscut the gouge layer (Riedel shears) and ones that form along the gouge-rock cylinder boundaries (boundary shears). This suggests that the localization of shear within a fault zone combined with relatively high Riedel-shear angles are somehow connected with earthquakes.
Secondary fracture sets similar to Riedel shears have been identified at various scales in major strike-slip faults such as the San Andreas of the western United States (Wallace, 1973) and the Luhuo and Fuyun earthquake faults of China (Deng and Zhang, 1984; Deng et al., 1986). The San Andreas also contains locked and creeping sections that correspond to the stick-slip and stably sliding experimental samples, respectively. We plan to study the physical structure of the San Andreas fault, to see if the experimentally observed differences related to sliding behavior can also be distinguished in the field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0079-1946(89)90002-5","issn":"00791946","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., and Byerlee, J., 1990, Textural development of clayey and quartzofeldspathic fault gouges relative to their sliding behavior: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 17, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-1946(89)90002-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222870,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba600e4b08c986b320e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016315,"text":"70016315 - 1990 - Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-20T15:04:57.5811","indexId":"70016315","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona","docAbstract":"The Bill Williams River area of west-central Arizona includes not only the Rawhide-Buckskin metamorphic core complex, which is part of the lower Colorado River highly extended terrane (HET), but also the boundary between the extended terranes of the Basin and Range Province and the less deformed Arizona Transition Zone/Colorado Plateau. This provides important constraints on models that address the mechanisms for the mid- to late Tertiary deformation.
Three phases of extension are present. The oldest is the extension associated with core-complex tectonism, which characteristically shows a lower plate composed of lineated mylonitic gneiss overlain by a detachment fault that is regionally nearly horizontal but undulates at the local scale. The fault in turn is overlain by an upper plate that includes Precambrian basement rocks, recrystallized Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic(?) metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of greenschist facies, and unaltered to hydrothermally altered syntectonic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Miocene age. The upper plate is cut by closely spaced faults of modest structural relief that strike northwest and strongly rotate intervening blocks to face southwest. Most of these faults do not penetrate below the detachment fault. Fault spacing increases, and rotation decreases, to the northeast, away from the trace of the detachment. The second phase consists of “classic” Basin-Range high-angle normal faults that strike about north and have wide spacing, high structural relief, and modest rotation of blocks. These faults have no consistent direction of displacement and so produced horst and graben that form the ranges and basins visible today. This phase is locally superposed on Phase I, and also extends in more subdued form into the Transition Zone/Colorado Plateau. The third phase consists of tectonic quiescence and is present everywhere except parts of the Transition Zone that are still active seismically.
The first phase occurred in the early and middle Miocene and was accompanied by deposition of syntectonic fluviolacustrine rocks (Suite I); the second (middle to late Miocene) was marked by interior-basin deposits (Suite II); the third (latest Miocene through Quaternary) is characterized by deposits related to through-flowing drainage.
The phases grade into each other and thus are likely to be genetically related. Tectonic models must take into account not only the geographic distribution of deformation at any one time but also the time-dependent succession of deformation at any one place. A model proposed in this paper attempts to do this.
The model is thermotectonic. A heating event in the lower crust, (basaltic intrusion, asthenospheric upwelling) combined with stretching, causes a sharp thermal front to rise within the crust. Embedded within the front is an “isotherm” that marks the brittle-ductile transition. As the front rises, it leaves behind a trail of shear zones, each marking a locus of preferred failure defined by mechanical or physical properties, or combinations thereof. The highest shear zone, now preserved in fossil form as the “detachment”, occurs where the front impinges on the meteoric groundwater, a few km below the topographic surface. The water steepens the thermal gradient at the front, which it stabilizes. A convective hydrothermal circulation system is established, causing alteration and mineralization above the ductile-brittle transition, as well as pore overpressure that results in hydrofracturing (producing monolithologic breccias) and the sliding of gravity-glide sheets. During these events, extension is taking place by brittle failure in the upper plate and ductile deformation below the detachment. Simultaneously, the hottest areas (core complexes) are updomed, promoting drainage reversals and the sliding of breccias and glide sheets. All this occurred only in the hottest areas or “blisters”, now marked by the core complexes. Distal areas showed less or no deformation at the surface. With time and the waning of the thermal event, the thermal front, and thus the brittle-ductile transition, smoothed out and sank, again leaving a trail of shear zones. Phase 1 deformation ceased and was replaced by Phase 2 deformation that occurred over a much wider area. Eventually, the front sank so deep that surface deformation ceased. This illustrates how the style of deformation at the surface may be a measure of the depth to the brittle-ductile transition.
According to the thermotectonic model, extensional strain does not need to be constant along the detachment, in contrast to models involving simple shear through crustal-scale normal faults. On the contrary, one would expect strain to vary geographically as a function of maximum temperature attained, because of the well known relation between temperature and lithospheric strength. The thermotectonic model is also in good accord with geophysical characteristics of the Basin and Range Province, which suggests that extension was accompanied by intrusion of basalt into the lower crust, with consequent heating and anatexis.
Many studies in the U.S. and elsewhere support the model by showing that continental extension commonly is accompanied by near-surface temperatures corresponding to the brittle-ductile transition, by steep thermal gradients, and by hydrothemal convective systems.
A possible driving mechanism from the thermotectonic processes described by the model is the rise of asthenospheric domes or welts, which thin the lithosphere by subcrustal transfer while heating and stretching it. An asthenospheric welt that migrates northeastward while dying out might explain the encroachment of relatively subdued extension onto the Colorado Plateau, as well as the juxtaposition of compressive stress on the plateau with extensional stress in the adjacent Transition Zone and Basin and Range Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(90)90385-L","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, I., 1990, Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona: Tectonophysics, v. 174, no. 1-2, p. 77-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90385-L.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"114","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.11040219330253,\n 37.085662597227596\n ],\n [\n -114.10444816448911,\n 36.30512842639031\n ],\n [\n -114.8573799166903,\n 36.02538022975845\n ],\n [\n -114.71636098248497,\n 33.24395951089163\n ],\n [\n -114.79917492635654,\n 32.476304116176465\n ],\n [\n -111.10574232896127,\n 31.364458671785457\n ],\n [\n -109.03791293413464,\n 31.30894766509266\n ],\n [\n -109.03791293413464,\n 37.085662597227596\n ],\n [\n -114.11040219330253,\n 37.085662597227596\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"174","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae53e4b0c8380cd8708c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Ivo","contributorId":94291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Ivo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016186,"text":"70016186 - 1990 - Movement and fate of atrazine and bromide in central Kansas croplands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T16:04:01.35378","indexId":"70016186","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and fate of atrazine and bromide in central Kansas croplands","docAbstract":"Two flooding experiments were conducted at two sites with different soils to study the transport and fate of the commonly used herbicide atrazine and inorganic chemicals in the Great Bend Prairie croplands of south-central Kansas. The instantaneous profile method supplemented by the use of an organic (atrazine) and an inorganic (bromide) tracer chemical was used to characterize in situ the hydraulic and chemical properties of the appropriately instrumented field sites. Atrazine readily degraded to hydroxyatrazine and biodegradation by-products and was not detected deeper in the soil profile and underlying shallow aquifer. The classical processes of chemical movement based on porous media-equilibrium-diffuse flow did not fit the data well at either site. Incompletely mixed, slug flow appeared to predominate at one of the sites and preferential flow at the other. The slug movement caused 'piston-type' displacement of more saline solutions in the soil profile to the shallow water table. Recommendations for conducting related field studies based on our sampling experience are given.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90201-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M., and Whittemore, D.O., 1990, Movement and fate of atrazine and bromide in central Kansas croplands: Journal of Hydrology, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 115-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90201-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"137","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"central Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.61291576704008,\n 38.78061525709248\n ],\n [\n -99.61291576704008,\n 37.33481314892835\n ],\n [\n -97.20046808257854,\n 37.33481314892835\n ],\n [\n -97.20046808257854,\n 38.78061525709248\n ],\n [\n -99.61291576704008,\n 38.78061525709248\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f0be4b0c8380cd70d35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, M.A.","contributorId":88785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29108,"text":"wri904017 - 1990 - Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri904017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4017","title":"Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions","docAbstract":"Water quality of several rivers in Arkansas was compared using median values at individual water quality stations. Differences were detected in several properties, including common dissolved constituents, alkalinity, nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria, trace metals, pesticides, and sediment. In bottom material, organochlorine pesticides were detected much more frequently than organophosphorus pesticides and were higher in rivers with beds of fine-gradient particles. Time trends were examined using the Seasonal Kendall test. Trends in conductance, sodium adsorption ratio, chloride, phosphorus, and ammonia were usually not detectable. Sulfate concentrations were increasing at approximately one-half of the stations studied while fecal-coliform bacteria concentrations decreased at approximately one-half of the stations. The most potentially detrimental effects upon water quality resulting from surface water diversions were related to increases of common dissolved constituents. From available data, the largest of these increases would be caused by diversion from the Arkansas River. Potential effects not specifically examined include resuspension of bottom materials resulting from construction and operation of the diversion system. Use of some surface waters for artificial recharge of the alluvial aquifer may adversely affect the recharge systems or the aquifer. Possible effects include plugging of the injection well and the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904017","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.C., 1990, Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4017, ix, 215 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904017.","productDescription":"ix, 215 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57978,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626777","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J. C.","contributorId":8106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156374,"text":"70156374 - 1990 - Influence of seasonal growth, age, and environmental exposure on Cu and Ag in a bivalve indicator, Macoma balthica, in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T09:41:53","indexId":"70156374","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of seasonal growth, age, and environmental exposure on Cu and Ag in a bivalve indicator, Macoma balthica, in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Temporal and spatial variations in Cu and Ag in the deposit-feeding clam Macoma balthica and in surficial sediments were analysed at 8 stations in San Francisco Bay at near-monthly intervals for periods ranging from 3 to 10 yr during 1977 to 1986. Strong seasonal variations in metal concentrations of M. balthica were associated with seasonal variations in soft tissue weight. Aperiodic fluctuations in metal concentration appeared to be driven by changes in metal content of the soft tissues. Metal content of clams of standard shell length was less variable than tissue metal concentration, and generally followed changes in the concentrations of Cu and Ag in the sediments. Correlations between metal content and sediment concentrations were improved when content was standardized to age rather than shell length. Metal content of M. balthica displayed few consistent temporal trends among stations, evidently reflecting different sources of input and complex hydrologic and geochemical processes affecting metal availability in San Francisco Bay. Increases in Cu and Ag were noted at several stations in South Bay during 1977 to 1980. A continuous 10 yr record at one of these stations showed that the 1977 to 1980 increase and the subsequent decline beginning in 1981 coincided with fluctuations in metal inputs from a nearby source.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., and Luoma, S.N., 1990, Influence of seasonal growth, age, and environmental exposure on Cu and Ag in a bivalve indicator, Macoma balthica, in San Francisco Bay: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 60, p. 45-55.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1977-01-01","temporalEnd":"1986-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v60/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.41104125976564,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -122.41104125976564,\n 38.08160859009049\n ],\n [\n -122.00729370117188,\n 38.08160859009049\n ],\n [\n -122.00729370117188,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -122.41104125976564,\n 37.41925395973696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa33e4b0518e3546bc4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156375,"text":"70156375 - 1990 - Remarkable invasion of San Francisco Bay (California, USA), by the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. I. Introduction and dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:53:52","indexId":"70156375","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remarkable invasion of San Francisco Bay (California, USA), by the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. I. Introduction and dispersal","docAbstract":"The euryhaline bivalve mollusc Potamocorbula amurensis (family Corbulidae), a native of China, Japan, and Korea, has recently appeared and become very abundant in San Francisco Bay. This clam appears to have been introduced as veliger larvae in the seawater ballast of cargo vessels. It was first collected in northern San Francisco Bay in late 1986. P, amurensis then spread throughout the estuary within 2 yr and reached densities at some sites exceeding 10 000 m-2 It lives primarily in the subtidal on all substrates (mud, sand, peat, and clay) and is found in the full range of bay salinities (< 1 to 33%). Its explosive increase in abundance and spread may result in major alterations of the San Francisco Bay estuary ecosystem. These could include changes in (1) trophic dynamics (through competition with other suspension-feeding and deposit-feeding infauna; changes in benthic community energy flow; availability of a new and abundant prey item for birds, fish, and crabs; and reduction - as a result of its filter feeding - of phytoplankton standmg stock) and (2) benthic dynamics (through inhibition and/or enhancement of infauna due to substrate destabilization; alteration of suspended sediment load of near-bottom water; and change of sediment surface redox balance). The early detection of the appearance and spread of P. amurensis in San Francisco Bay makes this one of the best documented invasions of any estuary in the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Carlton, J.T., Thompson, J.K., Schemel, L.E., and Nichols, F.H., 1990, Remarkable invasion of San Francisco Bay (California, USA), by the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. I. Introduction and dispersal: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 66, p. 81-94.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1987-03-01","temporalEnd":"1988-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307027,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v66/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.56234741210938,\n 38.10322464859825\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 38.029703972192\n ],\n [\n -121.62551879882812,\n 37.993998198369574\n ],\n [\n -121.72027587890624,\n 37.993998198369574\n ],\n [\n -122.02239990234375,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -122.15286254882812,\n 38.01455819225335\n ],\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 38.037275688165614\n ],\n [\n -122.37396240234375,\n 37.94311450175187\n ],\n [\n -122.30392456054688,\n 37.9192844858339\n ],\n [\n -122.28332519531249,\n 37.82931081282506\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 37.79784832917947\n ],\n [\n -122.20504760742186,\n 37.765286825037926\n ],\n [\n -122.14187622070311,\n 37.6718643732763\n ],\n [\n -121.99905395507812,\n 37.508636471899976\n ],\n [\n -122.02926635742188,\n 37.40725549559876\n ],\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 37.421435292172944\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 37.55002139332707\n ],\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 37.607704112428415\n ],\n [\n -122.54974365234374,\n 37.896530447543\n ],\n [\n -122.52090454101564,\n 38.13023573104302\n ],\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 38.17883049854014\n ],\n [\n -122.15011596679688,\n 38.06863588670429\n ],\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 38.16263584058641\n ],\n [\n -121.95236206054688,\n 38.13239618602296\n ],\n [\n -121.96884155273436,\n 38.09782123329514\n ],\n [\n -121.65710449218749,\n 38.11403028044574\n ],\n [\n -121.56234741210938,\n 38.10322464859825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa37e4b0518e3546bc59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlton, James T.","contributorId":146773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":568935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207098,"text":"70207098 - 1990 - A possible geodetic anomaly observed prior to the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T15:09:16.592539","indexId":"70207098","displayToPublicDate":"1990-12-06T09:26:52","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A possible geodetic anomaly observed prior to the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake","docAbstract":"Monthly measurements since mid‐1981 of distance from a geodetic station located 11 km from the epicenter of the Loma Prieta earthquake (Ms = 7.1; October 17, 1989) to three stations 30 to 40 km distant provides an unusually complete record of deformation in the epicentral region in the years prior to an earthquake. Roughly 1.3 years before the earthquake, at about the time of the first magnitude‐5 foreshock, the rate of change in line length for two of the lines appears to change; the rate for the third line does not change. Other similar, though smaller, changes in rate are apparent in the eight‐year record. Thus, there is marginal evidence for a change in deformation rate about one year before the Loma Prieta earthquake, but that change need not be a precursor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GL017i008p01211","usgsCitation":"Lisowski, M., Prescott, W., Savage, J.C., and Svarc, J.L., 1990, A possible geodetic anomaly observed prior to the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, no. 8, p. 1211-1214, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i008p01211.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1214","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Loma Prieta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 36.50522086338427\n ],\n [\n -121.3275146484375,\n 36.50522086338427\n ],\n [\n -121.3275146484375,\n 37.783740105227224\n ],\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 37.783740105227224\n ],\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 36.50522086338427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185519,"text":"70185519 - 1990 - The chemistry of iron, aluminum, and dissolved organic material in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, as controlled by watershed and in-stream processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:28:32","indexId":"70185519","displayToPublicDate":"1990-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemistry of iron, aluminum, and dissolved organic material in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, as controlled by watershed and in-stream processes","docAbstract":"Several studies were conducted in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, and the results are discussed together in this paper to provide a synthesis of watershed and in-stream processes controlling Fe, Al, and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations. One of the streams, the Snake River, is naturally acidic; the other two, Peru Creek and St. Kevin Gulch, receive acid mine drainage. Analysis of stream water chemistry data for the acidic headwaters of the Snake River shows that some trace metal solutes (Al, Mn, Zn) are correlated with major ions, indicating that watershed processes control their concentrations. Once in the stream, biogeochemical processes can control transport if they occur over time scales comparable to those for hydrologic transport. Examples of the following in-stream reactions are presented: (1) photoreduction and dissolution of hydrous iron oxides in response to an experimental decrease in stream pH, (2) precipitation of Al at three stream confluences, and (3) sorption of dissolved organic material by hydrous iron and aluminum oxides in a stream confluence. The extent of these reactions is evaluated using conservative tracers and a transport model that includes storage in the substream zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i012p03087","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1990, The chemistry of iron, aluminum, and dissolved organic material in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, as controlled by watershed and in-stream processes: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 12, p. 3087-3100, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i012p03087.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3087","endPage":"3100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df07e4b05ec79911d1b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016605,"text":"70016605 - 1990 - Water movement through an experimental soil liner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T15:27:15.227661","indexId":"70016605","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3708,"text":"Waste Management and Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water movement through an experimental soil liner","docAbstract":"A field-scale soil liner was constructed to test whether compacted soil barriers in cover and liner systems could be built to meet the U.S. EPA saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement (⩽ 1 × 10−7 cm s−1). The 8 × 15 × 0.9 m liner was constructed in 15 cm compacted lifts using a 20,037 kg pad-foot compactor and standard engineering practices. Water infiltration into the liner has been monitored for one year. Monitoring will continue until water break through at the base of the liner occurs. Estimated saturated hydraulic conductivities were 2.5 × 10−9, 4.0 × 10−8, and 5.0 × 10−8 cm s−1 based on measurements of water infiltration into the liner by large- and small-ring infiltrometers and a water balance analysis, respectively.
Also investigated in this research was the variability of the liner's hydraulic properties and estimates of the transit times for water and tracers. Small variances exhibited by small-ring flux data suggested that the liner was homogeneous with respect to infiltration fluxes. The predictions of water and tracer breakthrough at the base of the liner ranged from 2.4–12.6 y, depending on the method of calculation and assumptions made. The liner appeared to be saturated to a depth between 18 and 33 cm at the end of the first year of monitoring. Transit time calculations cannot be verified yet, since breakthrough has not occurred. The work conducted so far indicates that compacted soil barriers can be constructed to meet the saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement established by the U.S. EPA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0734-242X(91)90005-R","issn":"0734242X","usgsCitation":"Krapac, I., Cartwright, K., Panno, S., Hensel, B., Rehfeldt, K., and Herzog, B., 1990, Water movement through an experimental soil liner: Waste Management and Research, v. 9, no. 3, p. 195-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-242X(91)90005-R.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc85ae4b08c986b32c8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartwright, K.","contributorId":50292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hensel, B.R.","contributorId":83669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rehfeldt, K.R.","contributorId":37079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehfeldt","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herzog, B.L.","contributorId":107030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5222578,"text":"5222578 - 1990 - Survival rates of birds of tropical and temperate forests: Will the dogma survive?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T15:28:28.977736","indexId":"5222578","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T12:19:08","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival rates of birds of tropical and temperate forests: Will the dogma survive?","docAbstract":"Survival rates of tropical forest birds are widely assumed to be high relative to the survival rates of temperate forest birds. Much life-history theory is based on this assumption despite the lack of empirical data to support it. We provide the first detailed comparison of survival rates of tropical and temperate forest birds based on extensive data bases and modern capture-recapture models. We find no support for the conventional wisdom. Because clutch size is only one component of reproductive rate, the frequently assumed, simple association between clutch size and adult survival rates should not necessarily be expected. Our results emphasize the need to consider components of fecundity in addition to clutch size when comparing the life histories of tropical and temperate birds and suggest similar considerations in the development of vertebrate life-history theory.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/285098","usgsCitation":"Karr, J.R., Nichols, J.D., Klimkiewicz, M.K., and Brawn, J.D., 1990, Survival rates of birds of tropical and temperate forests: Will the dogma survive?: American Naturalist, v. 136, no. 3, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.1086/285098.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karr, James R.","contributorId":176566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karr","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimkiewicz, M. K.","contributorId":53490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimkiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brawn, J. D.","contributorId":31850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brawn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185524,"text":"70185524 - 1990 - Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled reactions: A feed forward simulation method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:28:58","indexId":"70185524","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled reactions: A feed forward simulation method","docAbstract":"The feed forward method (FF method) is one of the ways of formulating operational equations which simulate transport of solutes influenced by equilibrium-controlled reaction networks. The FF method provides increased solution efficiency by adapting its formulations to some of the network's fundamental features. In this study the FF method is further developed by adapting and testing it for a variety of network conditions. Classes of homogeneous, classical heterogeneous, and ion exchange network segments are studied. Networks may contain only a single class of segments or they may involve two or three segment classes. The FF method is found applicable to all the cases tested. In only one of these cases, for the more complex configurations of network segments, the FF method does not attain all of its objectives. A systematic, stepwise approach to method development is employed. It reveals, for certain subnetworks, an a priori inadmissibility, irrespective of the method used, and, for some other networks, an a priori irrelevance to transport dynamics. It also demonstrates that when certain subnetworks, belonging to different segment classes, form a single network, synergism (or antagonism) may occasionally arise and decrease (or increase) the difficulty of solving the transport problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i009p02029","usgsCitation":"Rubin, J., 1990, Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled reactions: A feed forward simulation method: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 9, p. 2029-2055, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i009p02029.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"2029","endPage":"2055","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df07e4b05ec79911d1ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242604,"text":"70242604 - 1990 - Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse, oblique, and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:29:02.427805","indexId":"70242604","displayToPublicDate":"1990-08-01T16:13:47","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse, oblique, and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows","docAbstract":"For more than a century geologists have wondered why some bedforms are orientated roughly transverse to flow, whereas others are parallel or oblique to flow. This problem of bedform alignment was studied experimentally using subaqueous dunes on a 3–6-m-diameter sand-covered turntable on the floor of a 4-m-wide flume.
In each experiment, two flow directions (relative to the bed) were produced by alternating the turntable between two orientations. The turntable was held in each orientation for a short time relative to the reconstitution time of the bedforms; the resulting bedforms were in equilibrium with the time-averaged conditions of the bimodal flows. Dune alignment was studied for five divergence angles (the angle between the two flow directions): 45°, 67–5°, 90°, 112–5° and 135°. The flow depth during all experiments was approximately 30 cm; mean velocity was approximately 50 cm s-1 and mean grain diameter was 0–6 mm. Each experiment continued for 30–75 min, during which time the flume flow was steady and the turntable position changed every 2 min. At the end of each experiment, water was slowly drained from the flume and dune alignment was measured. Transverse dunes (defined relative to the resultant transport direction) were created when the divergence angle was 45° and 67–5°, and longitudinal dunes were created when the divergence angle was 135°. At intermediate divergence angles, dunes with both orientations were produced, but transverse dunes were dominant at 90°, and longitudinal dunes were dominant at 112–5°.
One experiment was conducted with a divergence angle of 135° and with unequal amounts of transport in the two flow directions. This was achieved by changing the orientation of the turntable at unequal time intervals, thereby causing the amount of transport to be unequal in the two directions. The dunes formed during this experiment were oblique to the resultant transport direction.
These experimental dunes follow the same rule of alignment as wind ripples studied in previous turntable experiments. In both sets of experiments, the bedforms developed with the orientation having the maximum gross bedform-normal transport (the orientation at which the sum of the bedform-normal components of the two transport vectors reaches its maximum value). In other words, the bedforms develop with an orientation that is as transverse as possible to the two flows. In those cases where the two flows diverge by more than 90° and transport equal amounts of sand, bedforms that are as transverse as possible to the two separate flows will be parallel to the resultant of the two flow vectors. Although such bedforms have been defined by previous work as longitudinal bedforms, they are intrinsically the same kind of bedform as transverse bedforms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.1990.tb00628.x","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., and Ikeda, H., 1990, Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse, oblique, and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows: Sedimentology, v. 37, no. 4, p. 673-684, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1990.tb00628.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"684","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikeda, Hiroshi","contributorId":78350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Hiroshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016176,"text":"70016176 - 1990 - Midwestern Holocene paleoenvironments revealed by floodplain deposits in northeastern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-19T16:44:35.475498","indexId":"70016176","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Midwestern Holocene paleoenvironments revealed by floodplain deposits in northeastern Iowa","docAbstract":"Pollen analysis of pond deposits in the upper reaches of a stream from northeastern Iowa, an area beyond the last glacial margin, provides a nearly complete record of vegetational changes during the last 12.5 thousand years. Sixty-one radiocarbon dates provide good chronological control. Spruce forest was replaced by deciduous forest before 9 1 thousand years ago, followed by prairie from 5.4 to 3.5 thousand years ago, and oak savanna from 3.5 thousand years ago until presettlement times. The prairie invasion was nearly 3 thousand years later here than at other sites in Iowa and Minnesota, documenting a late Holocene, rather than an early-middle Holocene, period of maximum warmth and dryness for the southern part of the upper Midwest.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.249.4966.272","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Chumbley, C.A., Baker, R.G., and Bettis, E., 1990, Midwestern Holocene paleoenvironments revealed by floodplain deposits in northeastern Iowa: Science, v. 249, no. 4966, p. 272-274, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4966.272.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"274","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.89463566195896,\n 43.5216541641403\n ],\n [\n -93.89463566195896,\n 41.556019552708705\n ],\n [\n -90.11310565518134,\n 41.556019552708705\n ],\n [\n -90.11310565518134,\n 43.5216541641403\n ],\n [\n -93.89463566195896,\n 43.5216541641403\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"249","issue":"4966","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56f0e4b0c8380cd6d92d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chumbley, C. A.","contributorId":62753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chumbley","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, R. G.","contributorId":96326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242780,"text":"70242780 - 1990 - Brunhes chron excursion/polarity episode recorded during the late pleistocene, Albuquerque Volcanoes, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:20:12.740106","indexId":"70242780","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T13:55:22","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brunhes chron excursion/polarity episode recorded during the late pleistocene, Albuquerque Volcanoes, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"All basaltic lava flows of the Albuquerque Volcanoes (lat.: 35.2°N, long.: 253.2°E), Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico, record a short excursion/polarity episode. K-Ar isotopic age determinations (weighted average: 155 ± 47 ka) and evaluation of soil profiles on flow surfaces suggest the late Pleistocene (circa between 250 and 80 ka) as the time of extrusion. Results from 63 sites in a minimum of eight flows yield a mean direction of D = 101.1°, I= -36.1°, α95 = 1.2° (α195 = 0.7, α295 = 1.2), k = 2219 (N = 8 flows) and a corresponding virtual geomagnetic pole position (VGP) of 354.1°E, 20.2°S, dp = 0.8°, dm = 1.4° (A195 = 0.5, A295 = 1.4), and VGP angular standard deviation (ASD) = 1.8°. The unusual magnetization in flows of the Albuquerque Volcanoes is carried by fine-grained [single-domain (SD) and/or pseudo-single-domain (PSD)] low-Ti magnetite and is apparently not a function of complex sub-solidus alteration of magnetic phases. Underlying baked soils contain a relatively low coercivity magnetization with directions comprising two groups. One is roughly antipodal to the lava remanence; the other intermediate between the lava remanence and present field direction. Because all flows yield statistically indistinguishable directions, a field directional path clearly cannot be defined. At the precision level of our age determinations, the Albuquerque feature may correlate with other short polarity episodes or excursions of late Pleistocene age (e.g., Blake or Jamaica). Though characteristically limited in directional morphology, well-dated polarity episodes (i.e. sub-chrons) and excursions recorded in volcanic rocks may provide information on the frequency of significant dynamo instabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00531.x","usgsCitation":"Geissman, J.W., Brown, L., Turrin, B.D., McFadden, L.D., and Harlan, S.S., 1990, Brunhes chron excursion/polarity episode recorded during the late pleistocene, Albuquerque Volcanoes, New Mexico, USA: Geophysical Journal International, v. 102, no. 1, p. 73-88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00531.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1990.tb00531.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque-Belen Basin, Albuquerque Volcanoes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.78332761742904,\n 35.179683942320864\n ],\n [\n -106.78391853914405,\n 35.17782096180261\n ],\n [\n -106.78670431294297,\n 35.17526791915418\n ],\n [\n -106.78653547816751,\n 35.173542844947946\n ],\n [\n -106.78450946085907,\n 35.16609010376514\n ],\n [\n -106.78594455645249,\n 35.158498646716495\n ],\n [\n -106.78577572167656,\n 35.15492978062758\n ],\n [\n -106.78687314771868,\n 35.15078850557798\n ],\n [\n -106.78661989555496,\n 35.146647019750105\n ],\n [\n -106.78602897384029,\n 35.143540767062774\n ],\n [\n -106.78586013906435,\n 35.12754703538374\n ],\n [\n -106.78746406943358,\n 35.12533763848931\n ],\n [\n -106.7757300525225,\n 35.117397123680746\n ],\n [\n -106.76381221674872,\n 35.12405283359223\n ],\n [\n -106.76237712115531,\n 35.14386653262996\n ],\n [\n -106.76355896458502,\n 35.1723046361832\n ],\n [\n -106.76440313846342,\n 35.17989480448921\n ],\n [\n -106.78332761742904,\n 35.179683942320864\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geissman, J. W.","contributorId":105760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McFadden, L. D.","contributorId":15765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70186684,"text":"70186684 - 1990 - New Washakiin primates (Omomyidae) from the Eocene of Wyoming and Colorado, and comments on the evolution of the Washakiini","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:57:30.082771","indexId":"70186684","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2491,"text":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Washakiin primates (Omomyidae) from the Eocene of Wyoming and Colorado, and comments on the evolution of the Washakiini","docAbstract":"Two new species of washakiin omomyids occur in deposits of early Bridgerian age. Shoshonius bowni, sp. nov., from the Aycross Formation, Absaroka Range, Wyoming, differs from S. cooperi in having enlarged conules on the upper molars and a second metaconule, features convergent with Washakius insignis. Washakius izetti, sp. nov., from the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, is the most primitive known species of Washakius, showing incipient development of features present in the later W. insignis and W. woodringi. Washakius, cf. W. izetti occurs in the early Bridgerian of the Huerfano Basin. W. izetti is closely related to Utahia kayi, a. washakiin possibly related to Stockia. Hemiacodon, sometimes included in the Washakiini, is probably more closely related to the Omomyini. Stockia is distinct from Omomys and is questionably included in the Washakiini, of which Loveina is the stem taxon. More advanced washakiins form two groups between which there was significant parallel evolution in dental morphology. One group includes Washakius, Dyseolemur, Utahia, and possibly Stockia, and is characterized by development of an open talonid notch before the consistent appearance of metastylids. The other group consists of Shoshonius, where the establishment of metastylids preceded the full opening of the talonid basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02724634.1990.10011808","usgsCitation":"Honey, J.G., 1990, New Washakiin primates (Omomyidae) from the Eocene of Wyoming and Colorado, and comments on the evolution of the Washakiini: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 10, no. 2, p. 206-221, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1990.10011808.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a554e4b09da6799d641e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honey, James G.","contributorId":55875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209542,"text":"70209542 - 1990 - Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T15:28:39.962121","indexId":"70209542","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-13T09:18:57","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc","docAbstract":"Interest in the Cascadia subduction zone has increased because recent investigations have suggested that slip along plates at certain types of convergent margins is characteristically accompanied by large earthquakes. In addition, other investigations have suggested that convergent margins can be broadly classified by the magnitude of their uplift rates. The authors generated new uranium series, amino acid, and stable isotope data for southern Oregon marine terrace fossils. These data, along with terrace elevations and two alternative estimates of sea level at the time of terrace formation, allow one to determine terrace ages and uplift rates. Uranium series analysis of fossil coral yields an age of 83 {plus minus} 5 ka for the Whisky Run terrace at Coquille Point in Bandon, Oregon. A combination of amino acid and oxygen isotope data suggest ages of about 80 and 105 ka for the lowest two terraces at Cape Blanco. These ages indicate uplift rates of 0.45-1.05 and 0.81-1.49 m/kyr for Coquille Point and Cape Blanco, respectively. In order to assess the utility of the southern Oregon uplift rates for predicting the behavior of the Cascadia subduction zone, the authors compared late Quaternary uplift rates derived from terrace data from subduction zones around the world. On the basis of this comparison the southern Oregon rates of vertical deformation are not usually high or low. Furthermore, late Quaternary uplift rates show little relationship to the type of convergent margin. In the case of the southern Oregon coast, variability in uplift rate probably reflects local structures in the overriding plate, and the rate of uplift cannot be used as a simple index of the potential for great earthquakes along the southern Cascadia subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB05p06685","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Kelsey, H., Whelan, J.F., and McInelly, G.W., 1990, Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 95, no. B5, p. 6685-6698 , https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB05p06685.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6685","endPage":"6698 ","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -128.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -128.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":168575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":206893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey M.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":29792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McInelly, Galan W.","contributorId":223975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInelly","given":"Galan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242824,"text":"70242824 - 1990 - Tectonic erosion along the Japan and Peru convergent margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T14:02:49.648826","indexId":"70242824","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-01T08:56:49","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic erosion along the Japan and Peru convergent margins","docAbstract":"The volume of material removed by subduction erosion can be estimated quantitatively if the position of the volcanic arc, the position of the paleotrench axis, and a paleo-depth reference surface are known. Estimates based on these parameters along the Japan and Peru Trenches indicate rates of erosion comparable to well-known rates of accretion. Proposed erosional mechanisms along the plate boundary, where horsts on the lower plate abrade the upper one, appear insufficient to handle the minimum volumes of eroded material. Some mechanisms of tectonic erosion at the base of the trench slope can be observed at colliding seamounts and ridges where structures are large enough to be seismically imaged. Local tectonic erosion of the lower slope of the Japan Trench resulted when seamounts entered the subduction zone, uplifted the slope, and oversteepened it. The oversteepened slope failed, debris slumped into the trench axis, and much of it was then subducted. Where a seamount was subducted, a large re-entrant was left in the slope, which filled rapidly by local accretion of abundant sediment. Subduction of the oblique-trending Nazca Ridge off Peru produced many similar structures. Erosion is dominated by uplift and breakup of the lower slope, with subduction of the debris rather than abrasion under high-stress conditions.
Another form of tectonic erosion occurs along the base of the upper plate. Its magnitude is indicated by massive subsidence along the margin; however, because of deep burial, the structure resulting from basal erosion is rarely imaged in seismic records. The volume of material eroded along the base of the upper plate exceeds that eroded from the front of the lower slope.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0704:TEATJA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"von Huene, R., and Lallemand, S., 1990, Tectonic erosion along the Japan and Peru convergent margins: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, no. 6, p. 704-720, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0704:TEATJA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"720","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan, Peru","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.47242597313533,\n -2.857289883368267\n ],\n [\n -82.66403469777293,\n -6.021402164526933\n ],\n [\n -81.2874673968782,\n -10.441194124639381\n ],\n [\n -76.35614126589707,\n -16.701951323453542\n ],\n [\n -72.06930636609356,\n -19.66468414596271\n ],\n [\n -69.9321479859201,\n -18.05478605965739\n ],\n [\n -72.40941240735941,\n -16.027114429955972\n ],\n [\n -75.03044481825587,\n -14.67015241343124\n ],\n [\n -77.66726973521375,\n -9.622634606761352\n ],\n [\n -79.8316767504644,\n -6.2536580932955275\n ],\n [\n -80.6223506314949,\n -4.6778081594802785\n ],\n [\n -80.16102148395181,\n -3.3298885919120096\n ],\n [\n -82.47242597313533,\n -2.857289883368267\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 142.50009707708466,\n 33.533081761826296\n ],\n [\n 144.58272627012775,\n 37.28542168117065\n ],\n [\n 145.6203713889073,\n 40.59214120093574\n ],\n [\n 154.7438681337244,\n 44.97503996482203\n ],\n [\n 158.2740946740456,\n 48.432723118341244\n ],\n [\n 153.8179187823913,\n 50.08287065104034\n ],\n [\n 148.83825093438804,\n 46.895710927399904\n ],\n [\n 143.17413875098669,\n 44.226888441514774\n ],\n [\n 140.30271664797624,\n 42.41323748798871\n ],\n [\n 140.81552958133136,\n 39.62703920564985\n ],\n [\n 139.25984559703352,\n 35.75213031529371\n ],\n [\n 130.55892764328632,\n 32.43952535443346\n ],\n [\n 129.37935019035763,\n 28.65677618245161\n ],\n [\n 132.3802511647142,\n 26.30953088138986\n ],\n [\n 134.44918548064834,\n 30.568987401165828\n ],\n [\n 142.50009707708466,\n 33.533081761826296\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Huene, Roland 0000-0003-1301-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":208085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","affiliations":[{"id":37709,"text":"USGS, emeritus, 800 Blossom Hill Road, Los Gatos, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lallemand, S.","contributorId":99703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lallemand","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169366,"text":"70169366 - 1990 - Predatory behavior of grizzly bears feeding on elk calves in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T14:55:20.931282","indexId":"70169366","displayToPublicDate":"1990-05-01T15:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":978,"text":"Bears: Their Biology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predatory behavior of grizzly bears feeding on elk calves in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) were observed preying on elk calves (Cervus elaphus) on 60 occasions in Yellowstone National Park, with 29 confirmed kills. Some bears were deliberate predators and effectively preyed on elk calves for short periods each spring, killing up to 1 calf daily. Primary hunting techniques were searching and chasing although some bears used a variety of techniques during a single hunt. They hunted both day and night and preyed on calves in the open and in the woods. Excess killing occurred when circumstances permitted. One bear caught 5 calves in a 15-minute interval. Elk used a variety of antipredator defenses and occasionally attacked predacious bears. The current level of this feeding behavior appears to be greater than previously reported. This is probably related to the increased availability of calves providing a greater opportunity for learning, and the adaptation of a more predatory behavior by some grizzly bears in Yellowstone.
","conferenceTitle":"Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management","conferenceDate":"Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","conferenceLocation":"February 1989","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Bear Research and Management","publisherLocation":"Morges, Switzerland","doi":"10.2307/3872937","usgsCitation":"French, S.P., and French, M.G., 1990, Predatory behavior of grizzly bears feeding on elk calves in Yellowstone National Park: Bears: Their Biology and Management, v. 8, p. 335-341, https://doi.org/10.2307/3872937.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -109.9346923828125,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -110.0006103515625,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -110.02532958984374,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -110.0555419921875,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -110.70648193359375,\n 45.03083274759959\n ],\n [\n -110.72845458984375,\n 45.04441870436415\n ],\n [\n -110.77239990234375,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -110.77789306640625,\n 45.079339209738094\n ],\n [\n -110.84381103515624,\n 45.07546020688359\n ],\n [\n -110.88226318359375,\n 45.03277379605973\n ],\n [\n -110.928955078125,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -110.94543457031249,\n 45.07158094070473\n ],\n [\n -110.97564697265625,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -111.03607177734375,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -111.09100341796875,\n 45.08515722028692\n ],\n [\n -111.10198974609374,\n 45.106484856646844\n ],\n [\n -111.16241455078125,\n 45.11036175291052\n ],\n [\n -111.17889404296874,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -111.1541748046875,\n 45.052180659942316\n ],\n [\n -111.1102294921875,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.11322595798781\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 44.11322595798781\n ],\n [\n -109.99237060546875,\n 44.314022698837775\n ],\n [\n -110.050048828125,\n 44.319918120477425\n ],\n [\n -110.06927490234375,\n 44.351350365612305\n ],\n [\n -110.06927490234375,\n 44.40042951858466\n ],\n [\n -110.0555419921875,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 44.44358514592121\n ],\n [\n -109.962158203125,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -110.03631591796875,\n 44.4906276800508\n ],\n [\n -110.10223388671875,\n 44.478870600803134\n ],\n [\n -110.11871337890624,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -110.1544189453125,\n 44.537632301346136\n ],\n [\n -110.13519287109374,\n 44.5826428195842\n ],\n [\n -110.0665283203125,\n 44.5924231071787\n ],\n [\n -109.99786376953125,\n 44.623708968901205\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 44.623708968901205\n ],\n [\n -109.874267578125,\n 44.62566377574355\n ],\n [\n -109.78912353515625,\n 44.6706061651103\n ],\n [\n -109.742431640625,\n 44.68623013803223\n ],\n [\n -109.7314453125,\n 44.70965819812379\n ],\n [\n -109.7589111328125,\n 44.736978954208844\n ],\n [\n -109.8358154296875,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -109.8687744140625,\n 44.79547998456467\n ],\n [\n -109.8797607421875,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 44.91619436708165\n ],\n [\n -109.8907470703125,\n 44.96674121705534\n ],\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f661abe4b07d796bf770e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, Steven P.","contributorId":167904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"French","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"French, Marilynn G.","contributorId":167905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"French","given":"Marilynn","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124364,"text":"70124364 - 1990 - Search path of a fossorial herbivore, Geomys bursarius, foraging in structurally complex plant communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:42:46","indexId":"70124364","displayToPublicDate":"1990-05-01T13:40:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search path of a fossorial herbivore, Geomys bursarius, foraging in structurally complex plant communities","docAbstract":"The influence of habitat patchiness and unpalatable plants on the search path of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) was examined in outdoor enclosures. Separate experiments were used to evaluate how individual animals explored (by tunnel excavation) enclosures free of plants except for one or more dense patches of a palatable plant (Daucus carota), a dense patch of an unpalatable species (Pastinaca sativa) containing a few palatable plants (D. carota), or a relatively sparse mixture of palatable (D. carota) and unpalatable (Raphanus sativus) species. Only two of eight individuals tested showed the predicted pattern of concentrating search effort in patches of palatable plants. The maintenance of relatively high levels of effort in less profitable sites may reflect the security afforded food resources by the solitary social system and fossorial lifestyle of G. bursarius. Unpalatable plants repelled animals under some conditions, but search paths in the sparsely planted mixed-species treatment suggest animals can use visual or other cues to orient excavations. Evidence supporting area-restricted search was weak. More information about the use of visual cues by G. bursarius and the influence of experience on individual search mode is needed for refining current models of foraging behavior in this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.2307/1382165","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., 1990, Search path of a fossorial herbivore, Geomys bursarius, foraging in structurally complex plant communities: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 71, no. 2, p. 177-187, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382165.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293751,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1382165"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9bde4b0239f1986baf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016201,"text":"70016201 - 1990 - Ostwald ripening of clays and metamorphic minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-19T16:58:32.102215","indexId":"70016201","displayToPublicDate":"1990-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ostwald ripening of clays and metamorphic minerals","docAbstract":"Analyses of particle size distributions indicate that clay minerals and other diagenetic and metamorphic minerals commonly undergo recrystallization by Ostwald ripening. The shapes of their particle size distributions can yield the rate law for this process. One consequence of Ostwald ripening is that a record of the recrystallization process is preserved in the various particle sizes. Therefore, one can determine the detailed geologic history of clays and other recrystallized minerals by separating, from a single sample, the various particle sizes for independent chemical, structural, and isotopic analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.248.4954.474","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., Srodon, J., Kralik, M., Taylor, B., and Peterman, Z., 1990, Ostwald ripening of clays and metamorphic minerals: Science, v. 248, no. 4954, p. 474-477, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.248.4954.474.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"477","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","issue":"4954","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7163e4b0c8380cd765c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Srodon, J.","contributorId":67583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srodon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kralik, M.","contributorId":65608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kralik","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, B.E.","contributorId":23262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016242,"text":"70016242 - 1990 - Stability analysis of Eulerian-Lagrangian methods for the one-dimensional shallow-water equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T16:55:26.085627","indexId":"70016242","displayToPublicDate":"1990-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":840,"text":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability analysis of Eulerian-Lagrangian methods for the one-dimensional shallow-water equations","docAbstract":"In this paper stability and error analyses are discussed for some finite difference methods when applied to the one-dimensional shallow-water equations. Two finite difference formulations, which are based on a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, are discussed. In the first part of this paper the results of numerical analyses for an explicit Eulerian-Lagrangian method (ELM) have shown that the method is unconditionally stable. This method, which is a generalized fixed grid method of characteristics, covers the Courant-Isaacson-Rees method as a special case. Some artificial viscosity is introduced by this scheme. However, because the method is unconditionally stable, the artificial viscosity can be brought under control either by reducing the spatial increment or by increasing the size of time step. The second part of the paper discusses a class of semi-implicit finite difference methods for the one-dimensional shallow-water equations. This method, when the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is used for the convective terms, is also unconditionally stable and highly accurate for small space increments or large time steps. The semi-implicit methods seem to be more computationally efficient than the explicit ELM; at each time step a single tridiagonal system of linear equations is solved. The combined explicit and implicit ELM is best used in formulating a solution strategy for solving a network of interconnected channels. The explicit ELM is used at channel junctions for each time step. The semi-implicit method is then applied to the interior points in each channel segment. Following this solution strategy, the channel network problem can be reduced to a set of independent one-dimensional open-channel flow problems. Numerical results support properties given by the stability and error analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0307-904X(90)90045-7","usgsCitation":"Casulli, V., and Cheng, R.T., 1990, Stability analysis of Eulerian-Lagrangian methods for the one-dimensional shallow-water equations: Applied Mathematical Modelling, v. 14, no. 3, p. 122-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/0307-904X(90)90045-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489735,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0307-904x(90)90045-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9649e4b08c986b31b3fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casulli, V.","contributorId":65994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208308,"text":"70208308 - 1990 - Diagenesis and interstitial-water chemistry at the Peruvian continental margin; major constituents and strontium isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T14:20:41","indexId":"70208308","displayToPublicDate":"1990-02-03T14:12:29","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5905,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis and interstitial-water chemistry at the Peruvian continental margin; major constituents and strontium isotopes","docAbstract":"Two distinct hydrogeochemical regimes currently dominate the Peruvian continental margin. One, in shallower water (150-450 m) shelf to upper-slope regions, is characterized by interstitial waters with strong positive chloride gradients with depth. The maximum measured value of 1043 mM chloride at Site 680 at ITS corresponds to a degree of seawater evaporation of ~2 times. Major ion chemistry and strontioum isotopic composition of the interstitial waters suggest that a subsurface brine that has a marine origin and is of pre-early Miocene \"age,\" profoundly influences the chemistry and diagenesis of this shelf environment. Site 684 at ~9°S must be closest to the source of this brine, which becomes diluted with seawater and/or interstitial water as it flows southward toward Site 686 at ~13°S (and probably beyond) at a rate of approximately 3 to 4 cm/yr, since early Miocene time.
The other regime, in deep water (3000-5000 m) middle to lower-slope regions, is characterized by interstitial waters with steep negative and nonsteady-state chloride gradients with depth. The minimum measured value of 454 mM chloride, at Site 683 at ITS, corresponds to —20% dilution of seawater chloride The most probably sources of these low-chloride fluids are gas hydrate dissociation and mineral (particularly clay) dehydration reactions. Fluid advection is consistent with (1) the extent of dilution shown in the chloride profiles, (2) the striking nonsteady-state depth profiles of chlorides at Sites 683 and 688 and of 87Sr/86Sr ratios at Site 685, and (3) the temperatures resulting from an average geothermal gradient of 50°C/km and required for clay mineral dehydration reactions. Strontium isotope data reveal two separate fluid regimes in this slope region: a more northerly one at Sites 683 and 685 that is influenced by fluids with a radiogenic continental strontium signature, and a southerly one at Sites 682 and 688 that is influenced by fluids with a nonradiogenic oceanic signatures. Stratigraphically controlled fluid migration seems to prevail in this margin.
Because of its special tectonic setting, Site 679 at ITS is geochemically distinct. The interstitial waters are characterized by seawater chloride concentrations to —200 mbsf and deeper by a significantly lower chloride concentration of about two-thirds of the value in seawater, suggesting mixing with a meteoric water source. Regardless of the hydrogeochemical regime, the chemistry and isotopic compositions of the interstitial waters at all sites are markedly modified by diagenesis, particularly by calcite and dolomite crystallization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.144.1990","usgsCitation":"Kastner, M., Elderfield, H., Martin, J., Suess, E., Kvenvolden, K.A., and Garrison, R.E., 1990, Diagenesis and interstitial-water chemistry at the Peruvian continental margin; major constituents and strontium isotopes: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 112, p. 413-440, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.144.1990.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.144.1990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","otherGeospatial":"Peruvian Continental Margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n -14.093957177836224\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n -14.093957177836224\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n -7.841615185204699\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n -7.841615185204699\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n -14.093957177836224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kastner, Miriam","contributorId":24187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"Miriam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elderfield, Henry","contributorId":222137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elderfield","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, J.B.","contributorId":32923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suess, Erwin","contributorId":138538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suess","given":"Erwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garrison, Robert E.","contributorId":21940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}