This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure NEWFTH00010008 on Town Highway 1 crossing Wardsboro Brook, Newfane, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (Federal Highway Administration, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D.
The site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in southestern Vermont. The 6.91-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is forest on the upstream right overbank and downstream left and right overbanks. The surface cover on the upstream left overbank is pasture.
In the study area, Wardsboro Brook has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.02 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 63 ft and an average bank height of 9 ft. The channel bed material ranges from gravel to boulders with a median grain size (D50) of 95.4 mm (0.313 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on August 21, 1996, indicated that the reach was stable.
The Town Highway 1 crossing of the Wardsboro Brook is a 32-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of a 26-foot concrete tee-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, April 6, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 26.7 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 45 degrees to the computed opening while the openingskew-to-roadway is 45 degrees.
A scour hole 1.0 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed along the right abutment during the Level I assessment. Scour protection measures at the site included type-1 stone fill (less than 12 inches diameter) along the upstream right bank, and type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) along the upstream left bank and the upstream ends of the upstream left and right wingwalls. A stone wall extends along the downstream right bank from the end of the downstream right wingwall. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E.
Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows.
Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.1 to 3.9 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 11.1 to 12.9 ft. Right abutment scour ranged from 4.3 to 4.8 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution.
It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470I","usgsCitation":"Pawlewicz, M.J., Steinshouer, D.W., Gautier, D.L., 2002, Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of Europe including Turkey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-I, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470I.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 42.04 x 36.06 and 42.01 x 36.03 inches; 4 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368317,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470I/ofr97470I_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"2.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-I"},{"id":425218,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P992PH6X","text":"Generalized geology of Svalbard","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425217,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9795BIB","text":"Geologic provinces of Europe including Turkey","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425216,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C8ZY5Q","text":"Generalized geology of Europe including Turkey","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425215,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZXRVK","text":"Faults of Europe including Turkey","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470I/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":368315,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470I/ofr97470I.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-I"},{"id":368316,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470I/ofr97470I_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"5.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-I"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.72012063512426,\n 35.71748834245932\n ],\n [\n 36.89023705585606,\n 36.4992209816958\n ],\n [\n 44.93712445739817,\n 37.29764954969686\n ],\n [\n 43.56870182403381,\n 41.24060505003334\n ],\n [\n 41.7962953693264,\n 41.60034250471145\n ],\n [\n 35.00277070688665,\n 42.20003165450149\n ],\n [\n 28.361554478957004,\n 42.42778045960398\n ],\n [\n 30.363256461124422,\n 45.54773848219605\n ],\n [\n 29.395356103807558,\n 47.693921297153935\n ],\n [\n 27.371079932274682,\n 48.45179682159795\n ],\n [\n 23.449403199730426,\n 47.94223604175434\n ],\n [\n 22.074360096607734,\n 48.50549364445703\n ],\n [\n 24.358097730914636,\n 50.72403210147206\n ],\n [\n 23.397233529405923,\n 54.241519891228876\n ],\n [\n 19.71191709889149,\n 54.97482835288042\n ],\n [\n 22.3702838561274,\n 59.23731763960916\n ],\n [\n 28.68082012632857,\n 60.9426022144614\n ],\n [\n 31.417573739667887,\n 63.24766845375257\n ],\n [\n 38.744180085457174,\n 81.19956316170811\n ],\n [\n 11.46834856544487,\n 80.86739135979768\n ],\n [\n -27.631548361115108,\n 64.78569710060631\n ],\n [\n -22.93900113070498,\n 63.25595116599706\n ],\n [\n -7.969496937637899,\n 58.990995636589474\n ],\n [\n -11.220139617367636,\n 54.07407235028515\n ],\n [\n -11.284611723148714,\n 51.04291093077222\n ],\n [\n -4.2215774093964455,\n 46.31484691501842\n ],\n [\n -2.5440764893220944,\n 44.40478215978459\n ],\n [\n -9.202791921480554,\n 44.184712048295665\n ],\n [\n -10.613267379263021,\n 35.25323908324934\n ],\n [\n -3.932674968633421,\n 36.10906376983807\n ],\n [\n 6.810196136074126,\n 38.00451319277545\n ],\n [\n 10.831431238308227,\n 37.58524172764956\n ],\n [\n 14.44341752031363,\n 34.89623296709664\n ],\n [\n 26.951016273341622,\n 33.37523347810263\n ],\n [\n 34.12100690343627,\n 34.280023148815275\n ],\n [\n 35.72012063512426,\n 35.71748834245932\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","tableOfContents":"This digitally compiled map includes geology, oil and gas field centerpoints, geologic provinces, and major faults of Iran with some of these components extended into geographically adjacent areas. This digital compilation is an interim product of the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project (WEP) and part of a series on CD-ROM. The goal of the WEP is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world and report the result of this assessment in the year 2000. For data management purposes, the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470G","usgsCitation":"Pollastro, R.M., Persits, F.M., Steinshouer, D.W., 1997, Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of Iran: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-G, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470G.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 3 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156008,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470G/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":368269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470G/ofr97470G.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-G"},{"id":424748,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TMSOQ0","text":"Major faults in Iran","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424749,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ZEPFY","text":"Surficial geology of Iran","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424750,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y9FQ5F","text":"Geologic provinces of Iran","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[53.9216,37.19892],[54.8003,37.39242],[55.51158,37.96412],[56.18037,37.93513],[56.61937,38.12139],[57.33043,38.02923],[58.43615,37.52231],[59.23476,37.41299],[60.37764,36.52738],[61.12307,36.4916],[61.21082,35.65007],[60.80319,34.4041],[60.52843,33.67645],[60.9637,33.52883],[60.53608,32.98127],[60.86365,32.18292],[60.94194,31.54807],[61.69931,31.37951],[61.78122,30.73585],[60.87425,29.82924],[61.36931,29.30328],[61.77187,28.69933],[62.72783,28.25964],[62.75543,27.37892],[63.2339,27.21705],[63.31663,26.75653],[61.87419,26.23997],[61.49736,25.07824],[59.61613,25.38016],[58.52576,25.60996],[57.39725,25.7399],[56.97077,26.96611],[56.49214,27.1433],[55.72371,26.96463],[54.71509,26.48066],[53.4931,26.81237],[52.4836,27.58085],[51.52076,27.86569],[50.85295,28.81452],[50.11501,30.14777],[49.57685,29.98572],[48.94133,30.31709],[48.56797,29.92678],[48.01457,30.45246],[48.0047,30.98514],[47.68529,30.98485],[47.8492,31.70918],[47.33466,32.46916],[46.10936,33.01729],[45.41669,33.9678],[45.64846,34.74814],[46.15179,35.09326],[46.07634,35.67738],[45.42062,35.97755],[44.77267,37.17045],[44.22576,37.97158],[44.4214,38.28128],[44.10923,39.42814],[44.79399,39.713],[44.95269,39.33576],[45.45772,38.87414],[46.14362,38.7412],[46.50572,38.77061],[47.68508,39.50836],[48.0601,39.58224],[48.35553,39.28876],[48.01074,38.79401],[48.63438,38.27038],[48.88325,38.32025],[49.19961,37.58287],[50.14777,37.37457],[50.84235,36.87281],[52.26402,36.70042],[53.82579,36.96503],[53.9216,37.19892]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iran\"}}]}","contact":"","tableOfContents":"This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of the Former Soviet Union. The map is part of a worldwide series on CD-ROM by the World Energy Project released of the U.S. Geological Survey. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world and report these results by the year 2000. For data management purposes the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. The Former Soviet Union (Region 1) includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Each region was then further divided into geologic provinces on the basis of natural geologic entities and may include a dominant structural element or a number of contiguous elements. Some provinces contain multiple genetically related basins. Geologic province boundaries for the Former Soviet Union were delineated using data from a number of geologic maps and other tectonic and geographic data (see References). Offshore province boundaries were defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour from the map edited by Gabrielyants, 1990 (see References). Each province was assigned a unique number; the first digit is the region number; province numbers follow. An attempt was made to number the provinces in geographical groups; onshore, offshore, and combined on and offshore. The numbering starts in the west.
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Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the metadata files on this CD-ROM.
These maps were compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map are shown (with permission) from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3M digital coverage: they have no political significance and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain proprietary property of ESRI. (Copyright 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. All rights reserved.)
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Energy Resources Program
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Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9714","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Anderman, E.R., and Hill, M.C., 1997, Advective-transport observation (ADV) package, a computer program for adding advective-transport observations of steady-state flow fields to the three-dimensional ground-water-flow parameter-estimation model MODFLOWP: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-14, vii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9714.","productDescription":"vii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51736,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderman, Evan R.","contributorId":95505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderman","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary Catherine","contributorId":53400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44354,"text":"ofr97222 - 1997 - Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"ofr97222","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-222","title":"Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97222","usgsCitation":"Covay, K.J., and Bevans, H.E., 1997, Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-222, 1 map : col. ; 68 x 50 cm., on sheet 104 x 119 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97222.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 68 x 50 cm., on sheet 104 x 119 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81658,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0222/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c82c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covay, Kenneth J.","contributorId":61865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covay","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bevans, Hugh E.","contributorId":11589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevans","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22123,"text":"ofr9716 - 1997 - Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:29:52.969733","indexId":"ofr9716","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-16","displayTitle":"Reworking of Aggraded Debris Fans by the 1996 Controlled Flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","title":"Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"Debris flows from 600 tributaries in Grand Canyon periodically deposit poorly sorted sediment on debris fans along the Colorado River between Lakes Powell and Mead. Before regulation, stable fans and rapids along the river resulted from the interaction of tributary debris flows and large, mainstem floods. Floods in the Colorado River maintained fans and rapids as highly-reworked deposits of boulders and cobbles. After the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, decreases in stage and stream power associated with reduced annual peak flows drastically reduced the amount of debris-fan reworking. Previous research has shown that modest powerplant releases from Glen Canyon Dam, particularly in combination with tributary floods, can significantly rework aggraded debris fans. These limited flows have entrained boulders up to 1 mo in diameter, although discharges greatly exceeding the maximum powerplant release (946 m3/s) would be required to completely remove most aggraded fans.
From 1987 through 1995, debris flows constricted the Colorado River at the mouths of at least 25 tributary canyons in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, creating 2 new rapids and narrowing at least 9 existing riffles or rapids. The highest peak discharge on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon between 1986 and 1996 was 960 m3/s in January 1993. In March-April 1996, we studied the effects of a 7-day flood release that peaked at 1,370 m3/s on 18 recently aggraded debris fans downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.
The largest changes occurred at Badger and Lava Falls rapids, 38 and 312 km downstream from the dam, respectively; several other aggraded debris fans were only slightly changed. Areas of aggraded debris fans decreased by 2 to 42 percent; only the debris fan at Bedrock Rapid, which is controlled by a large bedrock outcrop, increased in area owing to deposition of reworked sediment on the downstream margin. Volumes decreased on 7 of 9 debris fans by 3 to 34 percent. The distal margins of most recently aggraded debris fans became armored with a lag of cobbles and boulders, and the width of the reworked zone on most debris fans increased by 4 to 30 m. Constriction of the river decreased at 11 of 18 debris fans, although some rapids, such as Tanner Rapid, became slightly more constricted at low discharges owing to changes in stage-discharge relations. Velocities on the left and right sides of Lava Falls Rapid decreased by about half, but velocities increased in three other rapids (e.g., Badger Creek Rapid). Stream power per unit width decreased in 9 of 10 rapids because of decreases in water-surface fall and widening of the rapids. Changes in the sizes of upper pool sand bars were inconsistent, although separation bars downstream from the reworked debris fan generally increased in size.
The amount of stream power generated by the controlled flood greatly affected the variability of reworking among the 18 debris fans. For a given discharge, mainstem reworking is expected to vary with channel and debris-fan geometry, the initial particle-size distribution of the deposit, and distance from the dam. The elapsed time between debris flow and the controlled flood also was important because larger particles at older deposits became interlocked, imbricated, and (or) sutured together during smaller dam releases combined with tributary floods in January 1993 and August 1994. The effectiveness of future floods of similar magnitude in reworking debris fans will depend in part on the release history and extent of armoring in the period between the debris flow and the flood. If reworking of debris fans is a criterion for design of future controlled floods, our data support release of a higher peak discharge of shorter duration shortly after constricting debris flows occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9716","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Melis, T., Griffiths, P.G., and Elliott, J.G., 1997, Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-16, ii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9716.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6027d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":187208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44355,"text":"ofr97384 - 1997 - Selected hydrologic features of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr97384","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-384","title":"Selected hydrologic features of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97384","usgsCitation":"Rowe, T.G., and Stone, J.C., 1997, Selected hydrologic features of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-384, 1 map : col. ; 30 x 25 cm., on sheet 44 x 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97384.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 30 x 25 cm., on sheet 44 x 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19727,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0384/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.36666666666666,38.7 ], [ -120.36666666666666,39.38333333333333 ], [ -119.38333333333334,39.38333333333333 ], [ -119.38333333333334,38.7 ], [ -120.36666666666666,38.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f84c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Timothy G.","contributorId":8455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, J. Christopher","contributorId":27125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21866,"text":"ofr9721 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T08:35:29","indexId":"ofr9721","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-21","title":"Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","docAbstract":"This study was part of the Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) Program, a multi-scale, inter-agency initiative to evaluate the effects of agricultural systems on water quality in the midwest corn belt. The research was part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. The research area was located in the Anoka Sand Plain about 5 kilometers southwest of Princeton, Minnesota. This report presents temperature, precipitation, soil-moisture, water-quality, and other data collected during 1991-95 to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality at the Princeton MSEA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9721","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Landon, M., Nelson, K., Wanty, R., Healy, R.W., Olson, H., Böhlke, J., Schroyer, B., and Capel, P., 1997, Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-21, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9721.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"1995-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.62557411193848,\n 45.52306687976779\n ],\n [\n -93.62557411193848,\n 45.532086387683606\n ],\n [\n -93.61398696899414,\n 45.532086387683606\n ],\n [\n -93.61398696899414,\n 45.52306687976779\n ],\n [\n -93.62557411193848,\n 45.52306687976779\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628d58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. 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W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, H.W.","contributorId":32150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schroyer, B. R.","contributorId":54226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroyer","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Capel, P. 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D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":32341,"text":"ofr97677 - 1997 - Quaternary geologic investigations of the continental shelf offshore southern Washington and northern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:10","indexId":"ofr97677","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-677","title":"Quaternary geologic investigations of the continental shelf offshore southern Washington and northern Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97677","usgsCitation":"Wolf, S.C., Hamer, M., and McCrory, P.A., 1997, Quaternary geologic investigations of the continental shelf 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cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:48","indexId":"ofr97161","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-161","title":"Mineral deposit and metallogenic belt maps of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian cordillera","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97161","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., West, T.D., Dawson, K.M., Shpikerman, V.I., Bundtzen, T., Parfenov, L.M., Monger, J.W., Ratkin, V.V., Baranov, B.V., Byalobzhesky, S.G., Diggles, M.F., Eremin, R.A., Fujita, K., Gordey, S.P., Gorodinskiy, M.E., Goryachev, N., Feeney, T.D., Frolov, Y.F., Grantz, A., Khanchuck, A.I., Koch, R.D., Natal’in, B.A., Natapov, L.M., Norton, I.O., Patton, W.W., Plafker, G., Pozdeev, A.I., Rozenblum, I.S., Scholl, D.W., Sokolov, S.D., Sosunov, G.M., Stone, D., Tabor, R.W., Tsukanov, N.V., and Vallier, T.L., 1997, Mineral deposit and metallogenic belt maps of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian cordillera: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-161, 7 maps :col. ;80 x 108 cm. or smaller, on sheets 92 x 192 cm. or smaller., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97161.","productDescription":"7 maps :col. ;80 x 108 cm. or smaller, on sheets 92 x 192 cm. or smaller.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110067,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25681.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25681"},{"id":171739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9118,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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