{"pageNumber":"3561","pageRowStart":"89000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":5200210,"text":"5200210 - 1997 - Riverine resources: water needs and environmental effects analyses in the Alabama- Coosa- Tallapoosa and Apalachicola- Chattahoochee- Flint River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5200210","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Riverine resources: water needs and environmental effects analyses in the Alabama- Coosa- Tallapoosa and Apalachicola- Chattahoochee- Flint River basins","language":"English","publisher":"Final report to the Technical Coordination Group of the ACT-ACF Comprehensive Study","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., Nestler, J., and Johnson, P., 1997, Riverine resources: water needs and environmental effects analyses in the Alabama- Coosa- Tallapoosa and Apalachicola- Chattahoochee- Flint River basins, various .","productDescription":"various ","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a10e4b07f02db5ffb20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":327211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nestler, J.M.","contributorId":85685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestler","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, P.N.","contributorId":103378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5200168,"text":"5200168 - 1997 - Fate of Airborne Contaminants in Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5200168","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Fate of Airborne Contaminants in Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Designation of Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge as a Class I Air Quality Area (given the highest level of protection possible from air pollutants under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977) affords mandatory protection of the Refuge's airshed through the permit-review process for planned developments.  Rainfall is the major source of water to the swamp, and potential impacts from developments to the airshed are high.  To meet management needs for baseline information, chemical contributions from atmospheric deposition and partitioning of anions and cations, with emphasis on mercury and lead, in the various matrices of the Swamp were determined between July 1993 and April 1995.  Chemistry of rainfall was determined on an event basis from one site located at Refuge Headquarters.  Field samples of surface water, pore water, floc and sediment were collected from four locations on the Refuge:  Chesser Prairie, Chase Prairie, Durden Prairie, and the Narrows.  A sediment core sample was collected from the Refuge interior at Bluff Lake for aging of mercury deposition.          Rainfall was acidic (pH 4.8) with sulfate concentrations averaging 1.2 mg/L and nitrate averaging 0.8 mg/L.  Lead in rainfall averaged 1 ?g/L and total and methylmercury concentrations were 11.7 ng/L and 0.025 ng/L, respectively.  The drought of 1993 followed by heavy rains during the fall and winter caused a temporary alteration in the cycling and availability of trace-elements within the different matrices of the Swamp.  Surface water was acidic (pH 3.8 to 4.1), dilute (specific conductance 35-60 ?S/cm), and highly organic (DOC 35-50 mg/L).  Sediment and floc were also highly organic (>90%).  Total mercury averaged 3.6 ng/L in surface water, 9.0 ng/L in pore water and about 170 ng/g in floc and sediments.  Mercury bioaccumulated in the biota of the Refuge: fish fillets (Centrarchus macropterus, Esox niger, Lepomus gulosus and Amia calva) had >2 ?g/g dry weight, alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) >4 ?g/g dry weight in liver and kidney, and raccoons (Procyon lotor) >16 ?g/g dry weight in the liver and kidney.  Lead averaged 1 ?g/L in rainfall, 6.6 ?g/L in surface water, 9.8 ?g/L in pore water, 12.3 ?g/g in floc and 12.5 ?g/g in sediments.  Lead in fish muscle was ~0.1 ?g/g and >1.2 ?g/g in bone, alligator kidney had 1.5 ?g/g lead and liver had 3.8 ?g/g; raccoon kidney and liver averaged about 1 ?g/g.         Historical patterns of mercury deposition based on 210Pb aging of the core sample showed mercury increased from pre-1800 concentrations of <250 ng/g to >500 ng/g in the 1950s, with a subsequent decline to current levels.  Lead concentrations in the core sample followed a similar pattern as that of mercury. Okefenokee Swamp serves as a sump for the cations and anions deposited through rainfall.  Although mercury and lead levels in the biota are not currently acutely hazardous, concentrations are high enough to cause adverse chronic effects on behavioral, physiological or reproductive functions of resident biota, especially piscivorous species.  To protect trust resources associated with the Refuge, activities and developments in the airshed that have the potential to increase atmospheric contamination, especially for lead and mercury, should be curtailed.","language":"English","publisher":"Final report submitted to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region IV.","publisherLocation":"Atlanta, GA","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., and Lasier, P., 1997, Fate of Airborne Contaminants in Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, viii, 131.","productDescription":"viii, 131","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasier, P. J.","contributorId":79201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70164437,"text":"70164437 - 1997 - Distribution of juvenile salmonids in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam detected during mobile hydroacoustic surveys. Annual report 1996.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T19:04:16","indexId":"70164437","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Distribution of juvenile salmonids in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam detected during mobile hydroacoustic surveys. Annual report 1996.","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Migrational characteristics of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam relative to the 1996 surface bypass collector tests: Annual report 1996","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Walla Walla, WA","usgsCitation":"Kofoot, E., Hanks, E., and Oleyar, J., 1997, Distribution of juvenile salmonids in the forebay of Lower Granite Dam detected during mobile hydroacoustic surveys. Annual report 1996., 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"183","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Garfield County, Whitman County","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.47817993164061,\n              46.623269639175746\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.47817993164061,\n              46.70337937601886\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3731231689453,\n              46.70337937601886\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3731231689453,\n              46.623269639175746\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.47817993164061,\n              46.623269639175746\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332ebe4b0cc79997f3323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kofoot, E.E.","contributorId":89349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kofoot","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanks, E.M.","contributorId":104305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oleyar, J.B.","contributorId":156297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oleyar","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164435,"text":"70164435 - 1997 - Early life history and survival of natural subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake and Clearwater rivers in 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T18:37:45","indexId":"70164435","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"chapter":"2","title":"Early life history and survival of natural subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake and Clearwater rivers in 1995","docAbstract":"<p>Snake River fall chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchustshawytscha</i> have declined in abundance the last three decades and now managers are seeking methods to restore the population, Estimates of adult fish returning to the Snake River prior to 1957 number in the tens of thousands (Irving and Bjornn 1981), compared to a range of about 300-750 for 1991-1995 (Lavoy 1995). As a result, Snake River fall chinook salmon were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (USFWS 1988) in 1992 (NMFS 1992) and the Snake and Clearwater rivers were identified as critical habitat (NMFS 1995). Resource managers are attempting to recover the population of Snake River fall chinook salmon, but the fish are restricted to a small part of historical production areas.</p>\n<p>The objectives of this segment of our study were to (1) describe the early life history characteristics of naturally produced subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake and Clearwater rivers, and (2) estimate survival for juvenile fall chinook salmon emigrating from the Snake and Clearwater rivers to the tail race of Lower Granite Dam.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Identification of the spawning, rearing, and migratory requirements of fall chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin, annual report 1995","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Department of Energy - Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.2172/544742","usgsCitation":"Connor, W.P., Bjornn, T.C., Burge, H.L., Garcia, A.P., and Rondorf, D.W., 1997, Early life history and survival of natural subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake and Clearwater rivers in 1995, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.2172/544742.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/544742","text":"External Repository"},{"id":316573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.10278320312499,\n              44.78573392716592\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10278320312499,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20239257812499,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20239257812499,\n              44.78573392716592\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10278320312499,\n              44.78573392716592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332ebe4b0cc79997f3331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID  83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bjornn, Theodore C.","contributorId":156290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjornn","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18910,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burge, Howard L.","contributorId":156291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burge","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12543,"text":"U.S. FWS, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, Ahsahka, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Aaron P.","contributorId":156292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12543,"text":"U.S. FWS, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, Ahsahka, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":85808,"text":"ofr97530A - 1997 - Executive summary of vision and options for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T11:17:49","indexId":"ofr97530A","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-530","chapter":"A","title":"Executive summary of vision and options for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","docAbstract":"These reports are presented in response to a charge of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (EHRP) Program Council of the U.S. Geological Survey to 'define the future of the USGS National Strong-Motion Program (NSMP)' (Appendix A). The council requested that a 'Vision Paper' and an 'Options Document' be prepared. Each of these reports is a separate document. The 'Executive Summary' of both reports is presented here under separate cover. \r\n\r\nThe content of the reports and the executive summary is organized to the extent possible according to the main charges of the EHRP Program Council. Detailed evaluation of charges and questions posed by the Council with the benefit of modern GIS tools and the recent deliberations of three national workshops have yielded substantial new insight regarding the status of strong-motion measurement in the US. These reports are intended as an objective evaluation of the nation's need and capability to record the next major earthquake at locations of most significance for public safety.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97530A","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program, 1997, Executive summary of vision and options for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-530, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97530A.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11498,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-530/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f941a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","contributorId":128224,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","id":534969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85807,"text":"ofr97530C - 1997 - Options for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T11:21:21","indexId":"ofr97530C","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-530","chapter":"C","title":"Options for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","docAbstract":"This report constitutes the requested 'Options Document'. This report considers three options. Option I assumes a constant level of financial support for Operating Expenses (OE) with not additional personnel support. Option II assumes a slight increase in OE support of $150K for FY 99 and beyond. Option III considers the role that a NSMP must play if the nation's urgent need to record the main earthquake at locations of significance for society is to be met. Two parts of Option III are considered. The first part of this option, termed Option III A, considers the role that strong-motion recording in and near man-made structures must play if a near-real time hazard initiative is to be implemented in the United States; The second part of Option III; termed Option III B, considers the scope of a NSMP needed to address society's needs to record the main earthquake in locations of significance for future public earthquake safety.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97530C","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program, 1997, Options for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-530, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97530C.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-530/c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","contributorId":128224,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","id":534968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85806,"text":"ofr97530B - 1997 - Vision for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T11:25:58","indexId":"ofr97530B","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-530","chapter":"B","title":"Vision for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","docAbstract":"This document provides the requested vision for the future of the National Strong-Motion Program operated by the US Geological Survey. Options for operation of the program are presented in a companion document. \r\n\r\nEach of the three major charges of the EHRP, program council pertaining to the vision document is addressed here. The 'Vision Summary' through a series of answers to specific questions is intended to provide a complete synopsis of the committees response to program council charges. The Vision for the Future of the NSMP is presented as section III of the Summary. \r\n\r\nAnalysis and detailed discussion supporting the answers in the summary are presented as sections organized according to the charges of the program council. The mission for the program is adopted from that developed at the national workshop entitled 'Research Needs for Strong Motion Data to Support Earthquake Engineering' sponsored by the National Science Foundation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97530B","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program, 1997, Vision for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-530, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97530B.","productDescription":"46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11499,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-530/b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","contributorId":128224,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","id":534967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039556,"text":"70039556 - 1997 - National Mapping Division Strategic Direction 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039556","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-10T14:04:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"National Mapping Division Strategic Direction 1997","docAbstract":"The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Mapping Division (NMD) is to meet the Nation's need for basic geopspatial data, ensuring access to and advancing the application of these data and other related earth science information for users worldwide.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039556","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, National Mapping Division Strategic Direction 1997, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039556.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261680,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039556/report.pdf"},{"id":261681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039556/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a61e8e4b0c8380cd71c1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80028,"text":"fs13597 - 1997 - Investigation of salt loss from the Bonneville Salt Flats, northwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T10:51:33","indexId":"fs13597","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"135-97","title":"Investigation of salt loss from the Bonneville Salt Flats, northwestern Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The Bonneville Salt Flats study area is located in the western part of the Great Salt Lake Desert in northwestern Utah, about 110 miles west of Salt Lake City. The salt crust covers about 50 square miles, but the extent varies yearly as a result of salt being dissolved by the formation and movement of surface ponds during the winter and redeposited with the evaporation of these ponds during the summer.</p><p>A decrease in thickness and extent of the salt crust on the Bonneville Salt Flats has been documented during 1960-88 (S. Brooks, Bureau of Land Management, written commun., 1989). Maximum salt-crust thickness was 7 feet in 1960 and 5.5 feet in 1988. No definitive data are available to identify and quantify the processes that cause salt loss. More than 55 million tons of salt are estimated to have been lost from the salt crust during the 28-year period. The Bureau of Land Management needs to know the causes of salt loss to make appropriate management decisions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs13597","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.L., and Kipp, K.L., 1997, Investigation of salt loss from the Bonneville Salt Flats, northwestern Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 135-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13597.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_135_97.jpg"},{"id":334643,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs135-97/PDF/FS97-135.pdf","size":"516 kb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9772,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs135-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville Salt Flat","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,40.5 ], [ -114.25,41 ], [ -113.5,41 ], [ -113.5,40.5 ], [ -114.25,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66890a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. klkipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","email":"klkipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":78788,"text":"ofr9776 - 1997 - Seismic Images Beneath the Bottomless Pits (Continental) Area of Flagstaff, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"ofr9776","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-76","title":"Seismic Images Beneath the Bottomless Pits (Continental) Area of Flagstaff, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr9776","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., 1997, Seismic Images Beneath the Bottomless Pits (Continental) Area of Flagstaff, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-76, 29 p. : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9776.","productDescription":"29 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, Rufus Douglas","contributorId":7746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":78791,"text":"ofr97147 - 1997 - Seismic Imaging in the Skunk Canyon and Fox Glen Areas of Flagstaff, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"ofr97147","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-147","title":"Seismic Imaging in the Skunk Canyon and Fox Glen Areas of Flagstaff, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr97147","usgsCitation":"Jaasma, M., 1997, Seismic Imaging in the Skunk Canyon and Fox Glen Areas of Flagstaff, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-147, 49 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97147.","productDescription":"49 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb976","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaasma, M.N.","contributorId":6889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaasma","given":"M.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":69991,"text":"pp1421C - 1997 - Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer-system, west-central, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T17:03:35","indexId":"pp1421C","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1421","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer-system, west-central, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Two finite-element ground-water flow models were developed for the Edwards&ndash;Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas, to gain a better understanding of the flow system; one ground-water flow model was developed at a large scale to simulate the regional system and contiguous, hydraulically connected units, and one model was constructed at a smaller more detailed scale to simulate the most active areas of the system. The study area is divided into four geographic subareas: the Trans-Pecos (9,750 square miles), the Edwards Plateau (23,750 square miles), the Hill Country (5,500 square miles), and the Balcones fault zone (3,000 square miles). The major aquifers within the study area are the Edwards&ndash;Trinity aquifer underlying the Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau, the Trinity aquifer underlying the Hill Country, and the Edwards aquifer in the Balcones fault zone. Hydraulically connected aquifers include the High Plains aquifer north of the Edwards Plateau, and the Cenozoic Pecos alluvium aquifer adjacent to both the Trans-Pecos and the Edwards Plateau along the Pecos River. Minor contiguous aquifers include the Dockum, Ellenburger&ndash; San Saba, Marble Falls, Hickory, and Lipan, which is adjacent to the Colorado River in Tom Green and Concho Counties, Texas.</p>\n<p>The ground-water flow equations solved by the finite-element method are based on conservation of mass and energy. The equation for ground-water flow assumes laminar flow through a porous media. In places, the Edwards&ndash;Trinity aquifer system is a fractured karst system in which ground water flows through caverns and other features of secondary porosity development. The regional and subregional models were constructed to synthesize the known hydrologic boundaries and geologic structures into a heterogeneous continuum model of the karst ground-water flow system, rather than simulate the flow through specific fractures and caverns. A heterogeneous continuum or equivalent porous media approach uses an effective transmissivity and anisotropy for each element of the models. The models are calibrated both on water levels (representing potential energy) and estimates of recharge and discharge (for a realistic mass balance).</p>\n<p>A two-dimensional one-layer large-scale model (55,600 square miles) was developed for the Edwards&ndash;Trinity aquifer system and contiguous, hydraulically connected units, in westcentral Texas. A quasi-three-dimensional, multilayer more detailed scale ground-water flow model (12,300 square miles) was applied to the major aquifers of the Edwards&ndash;Trinity aquifer system in the Hill Country and the Balcones fault zone, and in part of the Edwards Plateau.</p>\n<p>The ground-water flow system in most of the study area within the Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau can be approximated with a one-layer regional model under steady-state conditions. Regionally, the Edwards&ndash;Trinity aquifer system in the Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau has been relatively static. Potentiometric maps from predevelopment and postdevelopment (winter 1974&ndash;75) indicate small differences in water levels. In local areas in the Trans-Pecos (in Pecos and Reeves Counties), ground-water withdrawals have exceeded recharge resulting in more than 300 feet of drawdown. Measurable differences between the 1974 and predevelopment potentiometric surfaces have been observed in small areas in the Trans-Pecos and in the northwestern part of the Edwards Plateau. The largest water-level declines in the Trans-Pecos have been observed in Pecos and Reeves Counties, and declines greater than 300 feet have been measured in Reeves County.</p>\n<p>Comparison of pre- and postdevelopment water budgets for the regional model indicates that the increase in groundwater withdrawals has captured 20 percent of the water that would have naturally discharged to streams, and 30 percent of the natural discharge to springs after ground-water development. Induced recharge from streams to the ground-water system increased by 12 percent in the postdevelopment simulation compared to the predevelopment simulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1421C","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Ardis, A.F., 1997, Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer-system, west-central, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1421, Report: vii, 78 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1421C.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 78 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 24.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266772,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1421c/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"974.22 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 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Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019575,"text":"70019575 - 1997 - Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T16:13:45.127802","indexId":"70019575","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimates of the effective number of breeding adults were derived for three semi-isolated populations of the common toad&nbsp;</span><i>Bufo bufo</i><span>&nbsp;based on temporal (i.e. adult-progeny) variance in allele frequency for three highly polymorphic minisatellite loci. Estimates of spatial variance in allele frequency among populations and of age-specific measures of genetic variability are also described. Each population was characterized by a low effective adult breeding number (</span><i>N</i><sub>b</sub><span>) based on a large age-specific variance in mini-satellite allele frequency. Estimates of&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>b</sub><span>&nbsp;(range 21–46 for population means across three loci) were ≊ 55–230-fold lower than estimates of total adult census size. The implications of low effective breeding numbers for long-term maintenance of genetic variability and population viability are discussed relative to the species' reproductive ecology, current land-use practices, and present and historical habitat modification and loss. The utility of indirect measures of population parameters such as&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>b</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>e</sub><span>&nbsp;based on time-series data of minisatellite allele frequencies is discussed relative to similar measures estimated from commonly used genetic markers such as protein allozymes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00238.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K., Arntzen, J., and Burke, T., 1997, Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci: Molecular Ecology, v. 6, no. 8, p. 701-712, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00238.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"712","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Great Britain","otherGeospatial":"Leicestershire region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -1.5468726997911233,\n              52.80942650179185\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.5468726997911233,\n              52.455679592591935\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.7028298810264744,\n              52.455679592591935\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.7028298810264744,\n              52.80942650179185\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.5468726997911233,\n              52.80942650179185\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0634e4b0c8380cd51153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arntzen, J.W.","contributorId":8242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arntzen","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burke, T.","contributorId":16362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22327,"text":"ofr9714 - 1997 - Advective-transport observation (ADV) package, a computer program for adding advective-transport observations of steady-state flow fields to the three-dimensional ground-water-flow parameter-estimation model MODFLOWP","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T08:15:28","indexId":"ofr9714","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-14","title":"Advective-transport observation (ADV) package, a computer program for adding advective-transport observations of steady-state flow fields to the three-dimensional ground-water-flow parameter-estimation model MODFLOWP","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9714","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Anderman, E.R., and Hill, M.C., 1997, Advective-transport observation (ADV) package, a computer program for adding advective-transport observations of steady-state flow fields to the three-dimensional ground-water-flow parameter-estimation model MODFLOWP: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-14, vii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9714.","productDescription":"vii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51736,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderman, Evan R.","contributorId":95505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderman","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary Catherine","contributorId":53400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44354,"text":"ofr97222 - 1997 - Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"ofr97222","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-222","title":"Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97222","usgsCitation":"Covay, K.J., and Bevans, H.E., 1997, Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-222, 1 map : col. ; 68 x 50 cm., on sheet 104 x 119 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97222.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 68 x 50 cm., on sheet 104 x 119 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81658,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0222/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c82c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covay, Kenneth J.","contributorId":61865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covay","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bevans, Hugh E.","contributorId":11589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevans","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22123,"text":"ofr9716 - 1997 - Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:29:52.969733","indexId":"ofr9716","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-16","displayTitle":"Reworking of Aggraded Debris Fans by the 1996 Controlled Flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","title":"Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Debris flows from 600 tributaries in Grand Canyon periodically deposit poorly sorted sediment on debris fans along the Colorado River between Lakes Powell and Mead. Before regulation, stable fans and rapids along the river resulted from the interaction of tributary debris flows and large, mainstem floods. Floods in the Colorado River maintained fans and rapids as highly-reworked deposits of boulders and cobbles. After the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, decreases in stage and stream power associated with reduced annual peak flows drastically reduced the amount of debris-fan reworking. Previous research has shown that modest powerplant releases from Glen Canyon Dam, particularly in combination with tributary floods, can significantly rework aggraded debris fans. These limited flows have entrained boulders up to 1 mo in diameter, although discharges greatly exceeding the maximum powerplant release (946 m<sup>3</sup>/s) would be required to completely remove most aggraded fans. </p><p>From 1987 through 1995, debris flows constricted the Colorado River at the mouths of at least 25 tributary canyons in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, creating 2 new rapids and narrowing at least 9 existing riffles or rapids. The highest peak discharge on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon between 1986 and 1996 was 960 m<sup>3</sup>/s in January 1993. In March-April 1996, we studied the effects of a 7-day flood release that peaked at 1,370 m<sup>3</sup>/s on 18 recently aggraded debris fans downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. </p><p>The largest changes occurred at Badger and Lava Falls rapids, 38 and 312 km downstream from the dam, respectively; several other aggraded debris fans were only slightly changed. Areas of aggraded debris fans decreased by 2 to 42 percent; only the debris fan at Bedrock Rapid, which is controlled by a large bedrock outcrop, increased in area owing to deposition of reworked sediment on the downstream margin. Volumes decreased on 7 of 9 debris fans by 3 to 34 percent. The distal margins of most recently aggraded debris fans became armored with a lag of cobbles and boulders, and the width of the reworked zone on most debris fans increased by 4 to 30 m. Constriction of the river decreased at 11 of 18 debris fans, although some rapids, such as Tanner Rapid, became slightly more constricted at low discharges owing to changes in stage-discharge relations. Velocities on the left and right sides of Lava Falls Rapid decreased by about half, but velocities increased in three other rapids (e.g., Badger Creek Rapid). Stream power per unit width decreased in 9 of 10 rapids because of decreases in water-surface fall and widening of the rapids. Changes in the sizes of upper pool sand bars were inconsistent, although separation bars downstream from the reworked debris fan generally increased in size. </p><p>The amount of stream power generated by the controlled flood greatly affected the variability of reworking among the 18 debris fans. For a given discharge, mainstem reworking is expected to vary with channel and debris-fan geometry, the initial particle-size distribution of the deposit, and distance from the dam. The elapsed time between debris flow and the controlled flood also was important because larger particles at older deposits became interlocked, imbricated, and (or) sutured together during smaller dam releases combined with tributary floods in January 1993 and August 1994. The effectiveness of future floods of similar magnitude in reworking debris fans will depend in part on the release history and extent of armoring in the period between the debris flow and the flood. If reworking of debris fans is a criterion for design of future controlled floods, our data support release of a higher peak discharge of shorter duration shortly after constricting debris flows occur. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9716","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Melis, T., Griffiths, P.G., and Elliott, J.G., 1997, Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-16, ii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9716.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              35.68407153314097\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.20361328125,\n              35.68407153314097\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.20361328125,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              35.68407153314097\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6027d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":187208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":44355,"text":"ofr97384 - 1997 - Selected hydrologic features of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr97384","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-384","title":"Selected hydrologic features of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97384","usgsCitation":"Rowe, T.G., and Stone, J.C., 1997, Selected hydrologic features of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-384, 1 map : col. ; 30 x 25 cm., on sheet 44 x 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97384.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 30 x 25 cm., on sheet 44 x 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19727,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0384/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.36666666666666,38.7 ], [ -120.36666666666666,39.38333333333333 ], [ -119.38333333333334,39.38333333333333 ], [ -119.38333333333334,38.7 ], [ -120.36666666666666,38.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f84c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Timothy G.","contributorId":8455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, J. Christopher","contributorId":27125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21866,"text":"ofr9721 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T08:35:29","indexId":"ofr9721","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-21","title":"Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","docAbstract":"<p>This study was part of the Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) Program, a multi-scale, inter-agency initiative to evaluate the effects of agricultural systems on water quality in the midwest corn belt. The research was part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. The research area was located in the Anoka Sand Plain about 5 kilometers southwest of Princeton, Minnesota. This report presents temperature, precipitation, soil-moisture, water-quality, and other data collected during 1991-95 to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality at the Princeton MSEA.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9721","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Landon, M., Nelson, K., Wanty, R., Healy, R.W., Olson, H., Böhlke, J., Schroyer, B., and Capel, P., 1997, Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-21, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9721.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"1995-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.532086387683606\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61398696899414,\n              45.532086387683606\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61398696899414,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628d58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Healy, R. 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