{"pageNumber":"3563","pageRowStart":"89050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":29413,"text":"wri974122 - 1997 - Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T20:36:05.670846","indexId":"wri974122","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4122","title":"Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods","docAbstract":"

The carbonate sequence of middle Tertiary age of the north coast of Puerto Rico is characterized by the presence of numerous springs in the coastal areas. In order to advance the understanding of the hydrologic role of the springs in the north coast limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico, a 4-year study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority. As part of this study, data were collected on the chemical, physical, bacteriological, oxygen-18, and deuterium composition of water from springs in the Dorado to Rincon area, in northwestern Puerto Rico. A group of springs in the Dorado to Arecibo area was selected for more detailed monitoring. Oxygen-18 and deuterium composition was also determined for water wells and monthly rainfall composites at a series of sites in the study area.

Springs are associated with all the carbonate units of the middle Tertiary sequence of the northern karst belt of Puerto Rico, except the Camuy and San Sebastian Formations. These springs mostly drain the unconfined parts of the upper and lower aquifers in the north coast limestone aquifer system. There are no first and second order springs in the north coast limestone and of those present fifth and sixth order springs are the most numerous type. Springflow at the springs measured during the study ranged from less than 0.1 to 61 cubic feet per second.

Springs in the north coast limestone can also be classified by their response to rainfall. There is little or no short-term response to rainfall at springs such as Ojo de Agua in Vega Baja, Mameyes in Manati, and Mackovic in Vega Alta. These springs are known as diffuse-type springs. Other springs such as Maguayo in Dorado, Ojo de Guillo in Manati, and San Pedro in Arecibo exhibit a strong short-term response to rainfall and are known as conduit-type springs. Spring water temperature, during the study, ranged from 22.5 to 28 °C and resembled air temperature. Specific conductance ranged from 289 to about 4,000 microsiemens per centimeter, and pH ranged from 6.9 to 7.8.

Calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride are the main ionic species in water from the springs sampled during the study. The main water type is calcium-bicarbonate and secondary water types are calcium-bicarbonate chloride and sodium-bicarbonate-chloride. A seasonal and short-term transient relation exists, particularly in conduit-type springs, between springflow, physical properties, and water quality.

Temporal and spatial variations in the oxygen-18 and deuterium composition of modern precipitation are significantly larger than those of springs and ground water in the study area. Regional flow in the upper aquifer appears to attenuate or average the variations in isotopic composition of rainfall. There is, however, a regional gradient in the deuterium composition of water from the upper aquifer in the north coast limestone, with isotopically heavier water occurring further north.

It was possible to determine the source of water contributing to springs at some sites with more detailed data collection and analysis. A drainage basin of about 10 square kilometers was delineated for the Ojo de Agua spring in Vega Baja, for a base flow of 2 cubic feet per second and an estimated subregional recharge rate of around 20 inches per year. A delineation of drainage basins for conduit-type springs in the study area such as San Pedro, Ojo de Guillo, Maguayo, and others is very difficult because the boundaries of these systems are highly responsive to changing hydraulic conditions such as rapid and short-term variations in the hydraulic head distribution as a consequence of rainfall. However, a preliminary drainage basin of about 6 square kilometers was delineated for the San Pedro spring for a base flow of 2 cubic feet per second and an estimated subregional annual recharge of 12 inches.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri974122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., 1997, Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4122, Report: vi, 53 p.; 1 Plate 29.00 x 23.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974122.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 53 p.; 1 Plate 29.00 x 23.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48743.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58263,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365702,"rank":2,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4122/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1 and 15","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4122/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.3,\n 18.25\n ],\n [\n -66,\n 18.25\n ],\n [\n -66,\n 18.6\n ],\n [\n -67.3,\n 18.6\n ],\n [\n -67.3,\n 18.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5059,"text":"fs10197 - 1997 - Regional ground-water flow directions and spring recharge areas in and near the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T15:34:45","indexId":"fs10197","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"101-97","displayTitle":"Regional Ground-Water Flow Directions and Spring Recharge Areas In and Near the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation, Missouri","title":"Regional ground-water flow directions and spring recharge areas in and near the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation, Missouri","docAbstract":"

Regional ground-water flow at the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation (FLWMR) generally is east and west away from a regional ground-water divide towards the Big Piney River and Roubidoux Creek. Ground-water flow in the northern FLWMR is strongly affected by solution-enlarged fractures and bedding planes in the Roubidoux Formation and Gasconade Dolomite. Several large springs located on the FLWMR (Sandstone Spring) and off the FLWMR (Shanghai Spring, Roubidoux Spring, and Miller Spring) receive water from precipitation recharge and stream flow loss on the FLWMR.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs10197","usgsCitation":"Kleeschulte, M.J., and Imes, J.L., 1997, Regional ground-water flow directions and spring recharge areas in and near the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 101-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10197.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31869,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0101/fs10197.pdf","text":"Report","size":"516 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 101–97"},{"id":121493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0101/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"

Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imes, Jeffrey L. jimes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jimes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69586,"text":"ha730N - 1997 - Ground water atlas of the United States: Segment 13, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":69586,"text":"ha730N - 1997 - Ground water atlas of the United States: Segment 13, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands","indexId":"ha730N","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"chapter":"N","displayTitle":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 13, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands","title":"Ground water atlas of the United States: Segment 13, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-05T20:56:27.739374","indexId":"ha730N","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"730","chapter":"N","displayTitle":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 13, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands","title":"Ground water atlas of the United States: Segment 13, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"

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R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olcott, Perry G.","contributorId":17249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olcott","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25997,"text":"wri974139 - 1997 - Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri974139","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4139","title":"Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region","docAbstract":"Data from more than 850 sites were compiled and analyzed to document the occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region as part of the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Only those data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of regional networks between October 1985 and September 1996 (inclusive) were used in the analyses, and the data were examined to ensure analytical results are not biased toward sites at the same location or sites sampled multiple times during this period. Regional data are available for most of the Mid-Atlantic region but large spatial gaps in available data do exist. Nitrate was detected in nearly three-quarters of the samples for which it was analyzed, commonly at levels that suggest anthropogenic sources. Ten percent of samples contained nitrate at concentrations exceeding the Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Pesticide compounds (including atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, simazine, and desethylatrazine, an atrazine degradate) were detected in about half of the samples for which they were analyzed, but rarely at concentrations exceeding established MCL?s. The most commonly detected pesticide compounds were desethylatrazine and atrazine. The occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region is related to land cover and rock type. Likely sources of nitrate and pesticides to ground water include agricultural and urban land-use practices; rock type affects the movement of these compounds into and through the ground-water system. Nitrate concentrations in the compiled data set are significantly higher in ground water in agricultural areas than in urban or forested areas, but concentrations in areas of row crops are statistically indistinguishable from those in areas of pastures. Detection frequencies of atrazine, desethylatrazine, and simazine are indistinguishable among urban areas, row crops, and pastures. Prometon was most commonly detected in ground water in urban areas. Ground-water samples from forested areas typically contained the lowest concentrations of nitrate and detection frequencies of pesticides. Concentrations of nitrate and detection frequencies of pesticides were significantly higher in samples from carbonate rocks than in those from any other rock type. Most areas of the Mid-Atlantic region that are underlain by carbonate rocks have been developed for agricultural or urban use and the solution channels that are typical of carbonate rocks allow for relatively rapid transport of surficial contaminants throughout the ground-water system. Nitrate concentrations in unconsolidated aquifers were among the lowest for all rock types, possibly because of denitrification in organic-rich subsoils and shallow sediments. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri974139","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., and Ferrari, M., 1997, Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4139, 8 p. col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974139.","productDescription":"8 p. col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2006,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/wrir-97-4139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697213","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6822,"text":"fs08597 - 1997 - Herbicides and nitrates in the Iowa River alluvial aquifer prior to changing land use, Iowa County, Iowa, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:02:49","indexId":"fs08597","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"085-97","title":"Herbicides and nitrates in the Iowa River alluvial aquifer prior to changing land use, Iowa County, Iowa, 1996","docAbstract":"

The Iowa River alluvial aquifer in Iowa County, Iowa (fig. 1), underlies an area of intensive agricultural activity where pesticides and nitrogen-based fertilizers are extensively used. The effects of changing land use on shallow ground-water quality in part of the Iowa River alluvial aquifer are currently being investigated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Approximately one-third of the cropland in the study area will be taken out of production over the next few years as part of wetland restoration. Over a three-week period in 1996, the USGS collected water samples from 23 observation wells completed in the Iowa River alluvial aquifer and analyzed the samples for selected agricultural chemicals.

\n

Four herbicides (alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor) and one nutrient (nitrate) were selected for study on the basis of frequent usage in Iowa and high detection rates in ground water (Detroy and Kuzniar, 1988). Alachlor was not detected at concentrations greater than the method detection limit (MDL). Atrazine was detected at concentrations greater than the MDL in samples from 48 percent of the 23 wells, cyanazine from 13 percent, metolachlor from 26 percent, and nitrate from 91 percent. None of the four herbicides were detected at concentrations greater than the respective U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for drinking water. Thirteen percent of the samples had nitrate concentrations above the USEPA's MCL of 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter). Relations between constituent concentration and well depth were observed for specific constituents at individual well nests.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs08597","usgsCitation":"Savoca, M.E., Tobias, J.L., Sadorf, E.M., and Birkenholtz, T.L., 1997, Herbicides and nitrates in the Iowa River alluvial aquifer prior to changing land use, Iowa County, Iowa, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 085-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08597.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34159,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Iowa County","otherGeospatial":"Iowa River alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.99642181396484,\n 41.81073178596062\n ],\n [\n -91.99470520019531,\n 41.775408403663285\n ],\n [\n -92.0101547241211,\n 41.77592047575288\n ],\n [\n -92.02388763427733,\n 41.775152366085315\n ],\n [\n -92.0541000366211,\n 41.775152366085315\n ],\n [\n -92.07401275634766,\n 41.77284798188914\n ],\n [\n -92.09186553955078,\n 41.775152366085315\n ],\n [\n -92.11349487304688,\n 41.77592047575288\n ],\n [\n -92.11418151855469,\n 41.781809010925386\n ],\n [\n -92.10868835449219,\n 41.7848810754991\n ],\n [\n -92.11177825927734,\n 41.79358445913616\n ],\n [\n -92.14542388916016,\n 41.79358445913616\n ],\n [\n -92.14473724365234,\n 41.80049512790971\n ],\n [\n -92.15984344482422,\n 41.80151886731471\n ],\n [\n -92.20104217529297,\n 41.813034808619015\n ],\n [\n -92.21477508544922,\n 41.823525308461456\n ],\n [\n -92.2470474243164,\n 41.824804520147715\n ],\n [\n -92.25082397460938,\n 41.832990869731084\n ],\n [\n -92.28721618652344,\n 41.84808170729207\n ],\n [\n -92.27519989013672,\n 41.868026843411755\n ],\n [\n -92.2357177734375,\n 41.864191723415736\n ],\n [\n -92.21820831298828,\n 41.858310759275426\n ],\n [\n -92.19932556152344,\n 41.85779934552825\n ],\n [\n -92.19451904296875,\n 41.85933357450054\n ],\n [\n -92.18696594238281,\n 41.85728792769137\n ],\n [\n -92.17391967773438,\n 41.84859319874276\n ],\n [\n -92.15675354003905,\n 41.84526843121213\n ],\n [\n -92.15160369873047,\n 41.847314462448026\n ],\n [\n -92.1426773071289,\n 41.84808170729207\n ],\n [\n -92.14096069335936,\n 41.84373386484505\n ],\n [\n -92.13306427001952,\n 41.83912994491115\n ],\n [\n -92.12345123291016,\n 41.83606048093013\n ],\n [\n -92.10731506347656,\n 41.830944380478115\n ],\n [\n -92.08465576171875,\n 41.829665291469354\n ],\n [\n -92.0760726928711,\n 41.828386176902555\n ],\n [\n -92.06989288330078,\n 41.8253161976661\n ],\n [\n -92.06371307373047,\n 41.82326946305731\n ],\n [\n -92.05272674560547,\n 41.822501920711076\n ],\n [\n -92.04792022705078,\n 41.820199238468696\n ],\n [\n -91.99642181396484,\n 41.81073178596062\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savoca, Mark E. mesavoca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoca","given":"Mark","email":"mesavoca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tobias, Jennifer L.","contributorId":102072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sadorf, Eric M. emsadorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadorf","given":"Eric","email":"emsadorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birkenholtz, Trevor L.","contributorId":73993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkenholtz","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6876,"text":"fs19397 - 1997 - A GIS Interface for Environmental System Analysis: Application to the South Florida Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-18T10:37:05.490509","indexId":"fs19397","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"193-97","title":"A GIS Interface for Environmental System Analysis: Application to the South Florida Ecosystem","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs19397","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, A GIS Interface for Environmental System Analysis: Application to the South Florida Ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 193-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs19397.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_193_97.bmp"},{"id":388839,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-193-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":903,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-193-97/fs-193-97.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 193-97"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 24.946219074360084\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 24.946219074360084\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 24.946219074360084\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Davie, FL 33314

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No abstract available.

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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97455","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W., Kress, T.H., Sutphin, D.M., Morey, G.B., and Meints, J., 1997, Digital geologic map and mineral deposits of the Lake Superior region: Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-455, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97455.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410975,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33356.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-455/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.02933122524581,\n 48.56757678069704\n ],\n [\n -94.02933122524581,\n 41.78418227848081\n ],\n [\n -82.2830170683858,\n 41.78418227848081\n ],\n [\n -82.2830170683858,\n 48.56757678069704\n ],\n [\n -94.02933122524581,\n 48.56757678069704\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kress, T. H.","contributorId":83972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morey, G. B.","contributorId":14406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meints, Joyce","contributorId":87592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meints","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":32241,"text":"ofr97852 - 1997 - Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31876,"text":"ofr9552 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","indexId":"ofr9552","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":32241,"text":"ofr97852 - 1997 - Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","indexId":"ofr97852","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:50:17","indexId":"ofr97852","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-852","title":"Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","docAbstract":"

The Rifle quadrangle extends from the Grand Hogback monocline into the southeastern part of the Piceance basin. In the northeastern part of the map area, the Wasatch Formation is nearly vertical, and over a distance of about 1 km, the dip decreases sharply from about 70-85o to about 15-30o toward the southwest. No evidence of a fault in this zone of sharp change in dip is observed but exposures in the Shire Member of the Wasatch Formation are poor, and few marker horizons that might demonstrate offset are distinct. In the central part of the map area, the Shire Member is essentially flat lying. In the south and southwest part of the map area, the dominant dip is slightly to the north, forming an open syncline that plunges gently to the northwest. Evidence for this fold also exists in the subsurface from drill-hole data. According to Tweto (1975), folding of the early Eocene to Paleocene Wasatch Formation along the Grand Hogback reqired an early Eocene age for the last phase of Laramide compression. We find the attitude of the Wasatch Formation to be nearly horizontal, essentially parallel to the overlying Anvil Points Member of the Eocene Green River Formation; therefore, we have no information that either confirms or disputes that early Eocene was the time of the last Laramide event. Near Rifle Gap in the northeast part of the map area, the Mesaverde Group locally dips about 10o less steeply than the overlying Wasatch Formation, indicating that not only had the formation of the Hogback monocline not begun by the time the Wasatch was deposited at this locality, but the underlying Mesaverde Group was locally tilted slightly toward the present White River uplift. Also the basal part of the Atwell Gulch Member of the Wasatch Formation consists of fine-grained mudstones and siltstones containing sparse sandstone and rare conglomerates, indicating that the source of sediment was not from erosion of the adjacent Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group. The most likely source of andesitic conglomerate clasts abundant in the upper part of the Atwell Gulch Member was Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary andesitic igneous rocks, remnants of which are present southeast of the Piceance Basin (Tweto, 1979). Thinning of the Atwell Gulch and Molina Members to the northwest also suggests a southeastern source of sediments, ruling out a northeastern source related to earlier deformation of the Upper Cretaceous Mesa Verde Group.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97852","usgsCitation":"Shroba, R., and Scott, R.B., 1997, Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-852, 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97852.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3219,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0852/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109006,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18866.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18866"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Garfield","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shroba, R. R.","contributorId":44133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"R. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, R. B.","contributorId":13638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}