{"pageNumber":"3568","pageRowStart":"89175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":21911,"text":"ofr97724 - 1997 - Lava-cooling operations during the 1973 eruption of Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:55","indexId":"ofr97724","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-724","title":"Lava-cooling operations during the 1973 eruption of Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97724","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.S., 1997, Lava-cooling operations during the 1973 eruption of Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-724, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97724.","productDescription":"73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0724/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-724/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51395,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0724/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019382,"text":"70019382 - 1997 - Tapir (<i>Tapirus</i>) enteroliths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T15:57:40.791064","indexId":"70019382","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tapir (<i>Tapirus</i>) enteroliths","docAbstract":"<p><span>Enterolith fragments from two tapir species and horses were subjected to x-ray diffraction analysis. Tapir enteroliths were formed as layers of mineral deposited around a foreign nidus. The structure was similar to that of equine enteroliths except that tapir enteroliths lacked a central region of radially symmetrical coarse crystals. The enteroliths from tapirs were composed primarily of vivianite [Fe</span><sub>3</sub><span>(PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;· 8H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O] and newberyite [MgH(PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>) · 3H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O], instead of the struvite [Mg(NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>)(PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>) · 6H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O] of enteroliths from horses. The reason for this difference is not known. Based on the chemistry of these mineral precipitates and information from other species, it was concluded that dietary manipulation to maximize carbohydrate fermentation and minimize protein fermentation in the large intestine may help prevent enterolithiasis in tapirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:5<427::AID-ZOO5>3.0.CO;2-C","issn":"07333188","usgsCitation":"Murphy, M., Masters, J., Moore, D., Glass, H., Hughes, R., and Crissey, S., 1997, Tapir (<i>Tapirus</i>) enteroliths: Zoo Biology, v. 16, no. 5, p. 427-433, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:5<427::AID-ZOO5>3.0.CO;2-C.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"433","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.84760937113704,\n              41.82530760007663\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.84760937113704,\n              41.818984214325155\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.83829563211647,\n              41.818984214325155\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.83829563211647,\n              41.82530760007663\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.84760937113704,\n              41.82530760007663\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.23415915186627,\n              44.746573649041835\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23415915186627,\n              44.72217282118652\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.19733129068796,\n              44.72217282118652\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.19733129068796,\n              44.746573649041835\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23415915186627,\n              44.746573649041835\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3dfe4b08c986b31ff49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, M.R.","contributorId":102646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masters, J.M.","contributorId":92440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, D.M.","contributorId":29576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glass, H.D.","contributorId":85322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hughes, R.E.","contributorId":84497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crissey, S.D.","contributorId":86501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crissey","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223496,"text":"5223496 - 1997 - Food consumption and retention time in captive whooping cranes (Grus americana)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T15:48:07.626179","indexId":"5223496","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Food consumption and retention time in captive whooping cranes (<i>Grus americana</i>)","title":"Food consumption and retention time in captive whooping cranes (Grus americana)","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Food consumption, digesta retention time, and food preference were measured for captive whooping cranes fed pelleted diets. The basal commercial diet was compared to four mixtures containing 70% basal and 30% of one of four important winter foods for the whooping crane: blue crab (</span><i>Callinectes sapidus</i><span>), wolfberry fruit (</span><i>Lycium carolinianum</i><span>), live oak acorn (</span><i>Quercus virginiana</i><span>), or common&nbsp;</span><i>Rangia</i><span>&nbsp;clam (</span><i>Rangia cuneata</i><span>). Because captive birds would not eat whole foods, we were prevented from direct food preference tests. Food passed through the gut rapidly, with almost complete elimination within 7 hr. There was some indication that retention time was shorter for the low fiber and high ash and calcium clam diet. Cranes ate less wolfberry feed (g/day) than the other feeds, and all birds ate less wolfberry feed on the day it was first fed, compared to basal diet the previous day. Birds ate more low energy feed than high energy feed. Due to combined effects of low energy content, lower metabolizable energy coefficients, and reduced feed consumption, less energy was assimilated for study diets than basal diet. Apparent shorter retention times for some diets containing whooping crane foods may partly explain lower digestibilities and metabolizable energy of winter whooping crane foods compared to commercial crane diet.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:6<519::AID-ZOO5>3.0.CO;2-D","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J., Gee, G., and Slack, R., 1997, Food consumption and retention time in captive whooping cranes (Grus americana): Zoo Biology, v. 16, no. 6, p. 519-531, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:6<519::AID-ZOO5>3.0.CO;2-D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"531","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae71b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, J.T.","contributorId":91052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slack, R.D.","contributorId":101769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":32028,"text":"ofr97645 - 1997 - Preliminary estimates of water use in the United States, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:10","indexId":"ofr97645","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-645","title":"Preliminary estimates of water use in the United States, 1995","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97645","usgsCitation":"Solley, W., 1997, Preliminary estimates of water use in the United States, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-645, 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97645.","productDescription":"6 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0645/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60184,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0645/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c42d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solley, W.B.","contributorId":25960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solley","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21880,"text":"ofr95708 - 1997 - Hydrologic, sedimentologic, and chemical data describing surficial bed sediments and water in the navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River, July 1991-April 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T18:44:27","indexId":"ofr95708","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-708","title":"Hydrologic, sedimentologic, and chemical data describing surficial bed sediments and water in the navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River, July 1991-April 1992","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95708","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"1997, Hydrologic, sedimentologic, and chemical data describing surficial bed sediments and water in the navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River, July 1991-April 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-708, xiv, 274 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95708.","productDescription":"xiv, 274 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0708/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51368,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0708/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e986","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749278,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21960,"text":"ofr97732 - 1997 - Modes of occurrence of trace elements in samples from a coal cleaning plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T13:33:38","indexId":"ofr97732","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-732","title":"Modes of occurrence of trace elements in samples from a coal cleaning plant","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97732","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Palmer, C., Kolker, A., Finkelman, R.B., Kolb, K., Mroczkowski, S.J., Crowley, S., Belkin, H., Bullock, J.H., and Motooka, J.M., 1997, Modes of occurrence of trace elements in samples from a coal cleaning plant: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-732, 97 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97732.","productDescription":"97 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0732/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0732/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69972a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, Curtis A.","contributorId":46967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"Curtis A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolb, K.C.","contributorId":48209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crowley, S.S.","contributorId":43754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bullock, J. H. Jr.","contributorId":55012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":32034,"text":"ofr97738 - 1997 - Geologic map of the Dillon quadrangle, Summit and Grand Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:33:50","indexId":"ofr97738","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-738","title":"Geologic map of the Dillon quadrangle, Summit and Grand Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"New 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping along the Interstate-70 urban corridor in western Colorado, in support of the USGS Central Region State/USGS Cooperative Geologic Mapping Project, is contributing to a more complete understanding of the stratigraphy, structure, tectonic evolution, and hazard potential of this rapidly developing region.  The 1:24,000-scale Dillon quadrangle is near the headwaters of the Blue River and straddles features of the Blue River graben (Kellogg, 1999), part of the northernmost reaches of the Rio Grande rift, a major late Oligocene to recent zone of extension that extends from Colorado to Mexico.  The Williams Range thrust fault, the western structural margin of the Colorado Front Range, cuts through the center of the quadrangle, although is mostly covered by surficial deposits.\r\n\r\n        The oldest rocks in the quadrangle underlie the Williams Fork Mountains and the ridge immediately east of South Fork Middle Fork River, and include biotite-sillimanite schist and gneiss, amphibolite, and migmatite that are intruded by granite inferred to be part of the 1,667-1,750 Ma Routt Plutonic Suite (Tweto, 1987).  The oldest exposed sedimentary unit is the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, but Pennsylvanian Maroon Formation, a sequence of red sandstone, conglomerate, and interbedded shale, underlies the southern part of the quadrangle.  The thickest sequence of sedimentary rocks is Cretaceous in age and includes at least 500 m of the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale. Surficial deposits include (1) an old, deeply dissected landslide deposit, possibly as old as Pliocene, on the west flank of the Williams Fork Mountains, (2) deeply weathered, very coarse gravel deposits underlying a mesa in the southwest part of the quadrangle (the Mesa Cortina subdivision. The gravels are gold bearing and were mined by hydraulic methods in the 1800s), (3) moderately to deeply weathered, widespread, bouldery material that is a combination of till of the Bull Lake glaciation, debris-flow deposits, landslide deposits, and possibly pre-Bull Lake till, (4) glacial deposits of both Bull Lake (middle Pleistocene) and Pinedale (late Pleistocene)glaciations, (5) recent landslide deposits, and (6)extensive colluvial and alluvial deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"REston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97738","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., 1997, Geologic map of the Dillon quadrangle, Summit and Grand Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-738, 1 map :col. ;58 x 45 cm., on sheet 94 x 92 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97738.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 45 cm., on sheet 94 x 92 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0738/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60198,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0738/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109002,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18844.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18844"},{"id":3329,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2390/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48afe4b07f02db52f3d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28449,"text":"wri974249 - 1997 - Techniques for estimating peak flow on small streams in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T09:51:25","indexId":"wri974249","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4249","title":"Techniques for estimating peak flow on small streams in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Two statistically-derived techniques, regional regression equation and region of influence regression, that estimate peak flow on small, ungaged streams in Minnesota were developed. Both techniques relate physical and climatic characteristics to peak flow for 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals.</p>\n<p>Regional regression equations were developed for each recurrence interval in each of six regions in Minnesota. The region of influence regression technique dynamically selects stations with characteristics similar to a site of interest. Thus, the region of influence regression technique allows use of a potentially unique set of stations for estimating peak flow at each site of interest. Two methods of selecting streamflow gaging stations, similarity and proximity, are recommended for use in the region of influence regression technique.</p>\n<p>The regional regression equation technique is recommended as a first estimate of peak flow in regions C, E, and F. The similarity method of the region of influence regression technique should be used as a first estimate in regions A and D. The proximity method should be used as a first estimate in region B.</p>\n<p>Tables showing the peak-flow-frequency data and basin characteristics for streamflow gaging stations, and regional peak-flow prediction equations, are documented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974249","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D., Carlson, G., and Sanocki, C., 1997, Techniques for estimating peak flow on small streams in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4249, Document: ii, 41 p.; Downloadable zip files, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974249.","productDescription":"Document: ii, 41 p.; Downloadable zip files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":24497,"text":"ofr97534 - 1997 - Progress report on sediment analyses at selected faunal monitoring sites in north-central and northeastern Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr97534","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-534","title":"Progress report on sediment analyses at selected faunal monitoring sites in north-central and northeastern Florida Bay","docAbstract":"Florida Bay is a shallow, subtropical lagoon at the southern tip of the Florida peninsula. The 2200 square kilometer, triangular-shaped area is the site of modern carbonate sediment formation and deposition. The intricate ecosystem of the bay has undergone significant changes as the result of natural influences and human intervention. The purpose of this study is to investigate carbonate sediment characteristics and distribution in conjunction with faunal and floral to determine the substrate preferences of associated fauna and flora. The modern data provide the proxy data for down-core analyses of sediments, fauna and flora in order to document ecosystem changes in the bay. \r\n\r\nSelected sediment samples collected during 1996 from 18 sites in the northeastern and central bay were analyzed for insoluble residues, organic content, total carbonate, and percent of silt and clay sized particles. Insoluble residues range from 0.8% of the sediment in a shell lag to 11.5% with an average of 5.1%. Organic content ranged from a minimum of 1.43% of the sediment to 18.05% with an average of 7.6%. The total carbonate content ranged from 72.56% to 97.81%, averaging 87.98%. The percent silt and clay sized particles ranged from 13.75% to 63.62% for the samples analyzed. The insoluble residue content shows a general trend of decreasing insoluble residues from the northeastern bay toward the southwest. Organic content is variable throughout the bay and does not show a regional trend. Several sites show a trend of higher organic content in the samples collected in February as compared to those collected in July. \r\n\r\nLithologic examination indicated that, in addition to the carbonate mud (less than 63mm), sample components included whole and fragmented mollusks, foraminifers, bryozoans, ostracods, and organic matter. The insoluble residues consisted of quartz sand and silt, clays and siliceous fossils. A component of the insoluble residues may be dust derived from Africa and transported to southern Florida by the prevailing winds.\r\n\r\nThis report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Florida Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97534","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Scott, T., Means, G., and Brewster-Wingard, G., 1997, Progress report on sediment analyses at selected faunal monitoring sites in north-central and northeastern Florida Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-534, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97534.","productDescription":"50 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1583,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr97534.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Means, G.H.","contributorId":76348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Means","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brewster-Wingard, G. L.","contributorId":102508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewster-Wingard","given":"G. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21881,"text":"ofr96580 - 1997 - Hydrologic, sedimentologic, and chemical data describing surficial bed sediments in the navigation pools of the upper Mississippi River, after the flood of 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T18:43:33","indexId":"ofr96580","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-580","title":"Hydrologic, sedimentologic, and chemical data describing surficial bed sediments in the navigation pools of the upper Mississippi River, after the flood of 1993","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services, Open-file Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96580","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"1997, Hydrologic, sedimentologic, and chemical data describing surficial bed sediments in the navigation pools of the upper Mississippi River, after the flood of 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-580, xiii, 237 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96580.","productDescription":"xiii, 237 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":51369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0580/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0580/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e995","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749277,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22062,"text":"ofr97857 - 1997 - Preliminary Volcano-Hazard Assessment for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr97857","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-857","title":"Preliminary Volcano-Hazard Assessment for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Redoubt Volcano is a stratovolcano located within a few hundred kilometers of more than half of the population of Alaska. This volcano has erupted explosively at least six times since historical observations began in 1778. The most recent eruption occurred in 1989-90 and similar eruptions can be expected in the future. The early part of the 1989-90 eruption was characterized by explosive emission of substantial volumes of volcanic ash to altitudes greater than 12 kilometers above sea level and widespread flooding of the Drift River valley. Later, the eruption became less violent, as developing lava domes collapsed, forming short-lived pyroclastic flows associated with low-level ash emission. Clouds of volcanic ash had significant effects on air travel as they drifted across Alaska, over Canada, and over parts of the conterminous United States causing damage to jet aircraft. Economic hardships were encountered by the people of south-central Alaska as a result of ash fallout. Based on new information gained from studies of the 1989-90 eruption, an updated assessment of the principal volcanic hazards is now possible. Volcanic hazards from a future eruption of Redoubt Volcano require public awareness and planning so that risks to life and property are reduced as much as possible.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97857","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Dorava, J.M., Miller, T.P., Neal, C., and McGimsey, R.G., 1997, Preliminary Volcano-Hazard Assessment for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-857, Report: v, 40 p.; Plate: 36 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97857.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; Plate: 36 x 24 inches","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.avo.alaska.edu/pdfs/redoubt.hazards.ofr.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12584,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://www.avo.alaska.edu/pdfs/redoubt.hazards.plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.5,60.166666666666664 ], [ -153.5,60.75 ], [ -152,60.75 ], [ -152,60.166666666666664 ], [ -153.5,60.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db6141cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":30108,"text":"wri964312 - 1997 - The ground-water system and ground-water quality in western Snohomish County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri964312","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4312","title":"The ground-water system and ground-water quality in western Snohomish County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geology Survey, Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964312","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., Wilkinson, J., and Embrey, S., 1997, The ground-water system and ground-water quality in western Snohomish County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4312, vi, 218 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +9 plates., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964312.","productDescription":"vi, 218 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +9 plates.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95816,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-1.pdf","size":"5475","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95817,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-2.pdf","size":"6802","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95818,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-3.pdf","size":"5422","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95819,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-4.pdf","size":"5129","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95820,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-5.pdf","size":"5433","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95821,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-6.pdf","size":"6191","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95822,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-7.pdf","size":"4366","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95823,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-8.pdf","size":"4763","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95824,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/plate-9.pdf","size":"4262","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58924,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4312/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, B. E.","contributorId":90767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkinson, J.M.","contributorId":12068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Embrey, S.S.","contributorId":8448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24556,"text":"ofr97492 - 1997 - National Geochemical Database: Reformatted data from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T19:49:36.692447","indexId":"ofr97492","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-492","title":"National Geochemical Database: Reformatted data from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) program","docAbstract":"The National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) program produced a large amount of geochemical data. To fully understand how these data were generated, it is recommended that you read the History of NURE HSSR Program for a summary of the entire program.\r\n\r\nBy the time the NURE program had ended, the HSSR data consisted of 894 separate data files stored with 47 different formats. Many files contained duplication of data found in other files. The University of Oklahoma's Information Systems Programs of the Energy Resources Institute (ISP) was contracted by the Department of Energy to enhance the accessibility and usefulness of the NURE HSSR data. ISP created a single standard-format master file to replace the 894 original files. ISP converted 817 of the 894 original files before its funding apparently ran out.\r\n\r\nThe ISP-reformatted NURE data files have been released by the USGS on CD-ROM (Lower 48 States, Hoffman and Buttleman, 1994; Alaska, Hoffman and Buttleman, 1996). A description of each NURE database field, derived from a draft NURE HSSR data format manual (unpubl. commun., Stan Moll, ISP, Oct 7, 1988), was included in a readme file on each CD-ROM. That original manual was incomplete and assumed that the reformatting process had gone to completion. A lot of vital information was not included. Efforts to correct that manual and the NURE data revealed a large number of problems and missing data.\r\nAs a result of the frustrating process of cleaning and re-cleaning data from the ISP-reformatted NURE files, a new NURE HSSR data format was developed. This work represents a totally new attempt to reformat the original NURE files into 2 consistent database structures; one for water samples and a second for sediment samples, on a quadrangle by quadrangle basis, from the original NURE files. Although this USGS-reformatted NURE HSSR data format is different than that created by the ISP, many of their ideas were incorporated and expanded in this effort. All of the data from each quadrangle are being examined thoroughly in an attempt to eliminate problems, to combine partial or duplicate records, to convert all coding to a common scheme, and to identify problems even if they can not be solved at this time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97492","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.M., 1997, National Geochemical Database: Reformatted data from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) program (Version 1.0: September 11, 1998; Version 1.1: July 29, 1999; Version 1.2: August 7, 2000; Version 1.3: September 11, 2001; Version 1.40: January 13, 2006; Version 1.41: February 23, 2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-492, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97492.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources 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,{"id":3644,"text":"cir1147 - 1997 - A predictive production rate life-cycle model for southwestern Virginia coalfields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir1147","displayToPublicDate":"1998-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1147","title":"A predictive production rate life-cycle model for southwestern Virginia coalfields","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1147","usgsCitation":"Milici, R.C., and Campbell, E., 1997, A predictive production rate life-cycle model for southwestern Virginia coalfields: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1147, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1147.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":54,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circular/c1147","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milici, Robert C. rmilici@usgs.gov","contributorId":563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"Robert","email":"rmilici@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Elizabeth","contributorId":104877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24912,"text":"ofr97269 - 1997 - Proceedings of a workshop on digital mapping techniques; methods for geologic map data capture, management, and publication - June 2 - 5, 1997, Lawrence, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"ofr97269","displayToPublicDate":"1998-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-269","title":"Proceedings of a workshop on digital mapping techniques; methods for geologic map data capture, management, and publication - June 2 - 5, 1997, Lawrence, Kansas","docAbstract":"Introduction: From June 2-5, 1997, selected technical representatives of the USGS and State geological surveys participated in the 'AASG/USGS Digital Mapping Techniques' workshop in Lawrence, Kansas. The workshop was initiated by the AASG/USGS Data Capture Working Group, and was hosted by the Kansas Geological Survey (KGS). With a focus on methods for data capture and digital map production, the goal was to help move the state surveys and the USGS toward development of more cost-effective, flexible, and useful systems for digital mapping and GIS analysis. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97269","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1997, Proceedings of a workshop on digital mapping techniques; methods for geologic map data capture, management, and publication - June 2 - 5, 1997, Lawrence, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-269, vi, 120 :ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97269.","productDescription":"vi, 120 :ill., maps; 28 cm.","temporalStart":"1997-06-02","temporalEnd":"1997-06-05","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9127,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6605f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4985,"text":"fs04097 - 1997 - Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in streambed sediment and fish tissue, South Platte River Basin; Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:58:55","indexId":"fs04097","displayToPublicDate":"1998-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"040-97","title":"Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in streambed sediment and fish tissue, South Platte River Basin; Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Concentration data for organochlorine compounds and trace elements in streambed sediment and fish tissue collected throughout the South Platte River Basin as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National WaterQuality Assessment (NAWQA) Program were evaluated to determine the following: (1) which organochlorine compounds and trace elements occurred most frequently, (2) whether detection frequencies and concentrations differed among land uses, (3) how measured concentrations related to established standards and guidelines, and (4) whether there was any relation between concentrations in streambed sediment and fish tissue. Streambed sediment and fish tissue were collected at 23 sites, which were selected on the basis of physiography, geology, and land-use characteristics. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs04097","usgsCitation":"Heiny, J.S., 1997, Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in streambed sediment and fish tissue, South Platte River Basin; Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 040-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04097.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0040/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 040-97"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68aa52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heiny, Janet S.","contributorId":93468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiny","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30013,"text":"wri974063 - 1997 - Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 2 — Effect of urban runoff on the hydrology of the headwaters of East Meadow Brook, 1989-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T22:25:42.72833","indexId":"wri974063","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4063","title":"Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 2 — Effect of urban runoff on the hydrology of the headwaters of East Meadow Brook, 1989-90","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974063","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., and Ku, H.F., 1997, Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 2 — Effect of urban runoff on the hydrology of the headwaters of East Meadow Brook, 1989-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4063, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974063.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410127,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48689.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4063/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"East Meadow Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.5867,\n              40.7306\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5867,\n              40.7167\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5806,\n              40.7167\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5806,\n              40.7306\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5867,\n              40.7306\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ku, Henry F. H.","contributorId":11258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25477,"text":"wri974196 - 1997 - Environmental setting and implications for water quality in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T19:25:01","indexId":"wri974196","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4196","title":"Environmental setting and implications for water quality in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey began to implement its National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The Western Lake Michigan Drainages was one of 20 study units selected for investigation to begin in 1991. The study-unit investigation will include an assessment of surface- and ground-water quality. The quality of water in a study unit is intrinsically related to the natural and anthropogenic features of the study unit. The natural features include geology, weather and climate, vegetation, and hydrology. The anthropogenic features of the basin include population distribution, land use and land cover, agricultural practices, and water use. This report describes the natural and anthropogenic features that constitute the environmental setting of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages as well as the implications of those features on the water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974196","usgsCitation":"1997, Environmental setting and implications for water quality in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4196, ix, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974196.","productDescription":"ix, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4196/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.429443359375,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.66015624999999,\n              46.40756396630067\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              46.41513877649202\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.51708984375,\n              46.53619267489863\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              46.626806395355175\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.033447265625,\n              46.7549166192819\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.13232421875,\n              46.7549166192819\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.39599609375,\n              46.76244305208004\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.934326171875,\n              46.604167162931844\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.176025390625,\n              46.52863469527167\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              46.32417161725694\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84619140625,\n              45.4524242413431\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.142822265625,\n              44.56699093657141\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.274658203125,\n              43.667871610117494\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84619140625,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.47265625,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9013671875,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.26416015625,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.791748046875,\n              42.48019996901214\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78076171875,\n              43.1811470593997\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5390625,\n              44.07969327425713\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.308349609375,\n              44.55916341529184\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.8359375,\n              45.22848059584359\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.781005859375,\n              45.43700828867389\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.737060546875,\n              45.460130637921004\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.429443359375,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602287","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Peters, C.A.","contributorId":29794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749314,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21581,"text":"ofr97743B - 1997 - Analytical data of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the Buckstock Mountains and surrounding areas, Sleetmute Quadrangle, southwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-27T06:59:55","indexId":"ofr97743B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-743","chapter":"B","title":"Analytical data of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the Buckstock Mountains and surrounding areas, Sleetmute Quadrangle, southwest Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97743B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Theodorakos, P.M., Lee, G.K., Hageman, P., and Sutley, S.J., 1997, Analytical data of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the Buckstock Mountains and surrounding areas, Sleetmute Quadrangle, southwest Alaska (Diskette version.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-743, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97743B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270232,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0743b/application.zip"}],"edition":"Diskette version.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fe3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theodorakos, P. M.","contributorId":12500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, G. K.","contributorId":76722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hageman, P.O.","contributorId":44033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":27109,"text":"wri974148 - 1997 - Results of quality-control sampling of water, bed sediment, and tissue in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T11:09:08","indexId":"wri974148","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4148","title":"Results of quality-control sampling of water, bed sediment, and tissue in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains the quality control results of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit of the National Water Quality Assessment Program. Quality control samples were collected in the same manner and contemporaneously with environmental samples during the first highintensity study phase in the unit (1992 through 1995) and amounted to approximately 15 percent of all samples collected. The accuracy and precision of hundreds of chemical analyses of surface and ground-water, bed sediment, and tissue was determined through the collection and analysis of field blanks, field replicates and splits, matrix spikes, and surrogates. Despite the several detections of analytes in the field blanks, the concentrations of most constituents in the environmental samples will likely be an order of magnitude or higher than those in the blanks. However, frequent detections, and high concentrations, of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in several surface and ground-water blanks are probably significant with respect to commonly measured environmental concentrations, and the environmental data will have to be qualified accordingly. The precision of sampling of water on a percent basis, as determined from replicates and splits, was generally proportional to the concentration of the constituents, with constituents present in relatively high concentrations generally having less sampling variability than those with relatively low concentrations. In general, analytes with relatively high variability between replicates were present at concentrations near the reporting limit or were associated with relatively small absolute concentration differences, or both. Precision of replicates compared to that for splits in bed sediment samples was similar, thus eliminating sampling as a major source of variability in analyte concentrations. In the case the phthalates in bed sediment, contamination in either the field or laboratory could have caused the relatively large variability between replicate samples and between split samples.Variability of analyte concentrations in tissue samples was relatively low, being 29 percent or less for all constituents. Recoveries of most laboratory schedule 2001/2010 pesticide spike compounds in surfacewater samples were reasonably good. Low intrinsic method recovery resulted in relatively low recovery forp,p'-DDE, metribuzin, and propargite. In the case of propargite, decomposition with the environmental sample matrices was also indicated. Recoveries of two compounds, cyanazine and thiobencarb, might have been biased high due to interferences. The one laboratory schedule 2050/2051 field matrix pesticide spike indicated numerous operational problems with this method that biased recoveries either low or high. Recoveries of pesticides from both pesticide schedules in field spikes of ground-water samples generally were similar to those of field matrix spikes of surface- water samples. High maximum recoveries were noted for tebuthiuron, disulfoton, DCPA, and permethrin, which indicates the possible presence of interferents in the matrices for these compounds. Problems in the recoveries of pesticides on schedule 2050/2051 from ground-water samples generally were the same as those for surfacewater samples. Recoveries of VOCs in field matrix spikes were reasonable when consideration was given for the use of the micropipettor that delivered only about 80 percent on average of the nominal mass of spiked analytes. Finally, the recoveries of most surrogate compounds in surface and ground-water samples were reasonable. Problems in sample handling (for example, spillage) were likely not the cause of any of the low recoveries of spiked compounds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974148","usgsCitation":"Fitzgerald, S., 1997, Results of quality-control sampling of water, bed sediment, and tissue in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4148, vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974148.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55969,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.429443359375,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.66015624999999,\n              46.40756396630067\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              46.41513877649202\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.51708984375,\n              46.53619267489863\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              46.626806395355175\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.033447265625,\n              46.7549166192819\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.13232421875,\n              46.7549166192819\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.39599609375,\n              46.76244305208004\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.934326171875,\n              46.604167162931844\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.176025390625,\n              46.52863469527167\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              46.32417161725694\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84619140625,\n              45.4524242413431\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.142822265625,\n              44.56699093657141\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.274658203125,\n              43.667871610117494\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84619140625,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.47265625,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9013671875,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.26416015625,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.791748046875,\n              42.48019996901214\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78076171875,\n              43.1811470593997\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5390625,\n              44.07969327425713\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.308349609375,\n              44.55916341529184\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.8359375,\n              45.22848059584359\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.781005859375,\n              45.43700828867389\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.737060546875,\n              45.460130637921004\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.429443359375,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzgerald, S.A.","contributorId":94348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30356,"text":"wri974032 - 1997 - Geochemistry and microbiology of iron-related well-screen encrustation and aquifer biofouling in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri974032","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4032","title":"Geochemistry and microbiology of iron-related well-screen encrustation and aquifer biofouling in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":" Iron-related well-screen encrustation and aquifer biofouling has decreased the specific capacity of several production wells in Suffolk County, N.Y., and has forced the Suffolk County Water Authority to adopt a costly well-reconditioning and replacement program. The specific-capacity declines are the result of the precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides and the growth of iron bacteria on the well screens and in the pore spaces of the surrounding formation. Mineralogic and chemical analyses indicate that the inorganic part of the encrusting material consists primarily of amorphous ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)3 ); minor components of the material include goethite (FeOOH), hematite (Fe2 O 3 ), and quartz (SiO 2 ). The weight percent of ferric hydroxide in the material ranged from 32.3 to 98.6 percent and averaged 64.3 percent. Equilibrium modeling indicated that during pumping the well waters were supersaturated with respect to goethite, hematite, magnetite, and quartz and were under-saturated with respect to ferric hydroxide. Theoretical Eh values computed for the ferrous/ferric-iron redox couple and the oxygen/water redox couple averaged 390 millivolts and 810 millivolts, respectively, indicating that the waters were in a state of redox disequilibrium. The disequilibrium condition arises from the mixing of ground water with a low dissolved-oxygen concentration with oxygenated ground water during operation of the well. The low pH of the ground water contributes to the disequilibrium condition by slowing the rate of iron oxidation after the introduction of oxygen.     Chemical and mineralogical data indicate that most of the encrusting material in the wells was deposited while the wells were shut down, probably in response to the use of treated water of higher pH to keep pump turbines wet while the wells were not in operation; the increased pH of water in the static water column increases the rate of ferrous-iron oxidation and causes the well water to become increasingly saturated with respect to ferric hydroxide. The median half-time of oxidation in samples of untreated ground water (pH 4-5) was 4.19 days, whereas the average half-time of oxidation in treated water (pH 7-8) was 11.9 minutes Equilibrium modeling indicated that treated waters generally were supersaturated with respect to ferric hydroxide, whereas untreated well waters were not.     Field and laboratory data indicate that iron bacteria play an important role in the encrustation and biofouling process in Suffolk County. Filamentous iron bacteria were common in the affected wells. The most common species was Gallionella ferruginea, an effective biofouling agent that prefers water with low, but detectable, dissolved-oxygen concentrations and high dissolved-iron concentrations; this species was more common in biofilm samples from the Magothy aquifer than in those from the upper glacial aquifer. Iron bacteria also were found in sediment cores from several locations in the aquifer and in drilling water. Lignite could act as a carbon source for heterotrophic iron bacteria, which could accelerate the formation of iron-bacteria biofilms in wells screened in some parts of the Magothy aquifer. Iron-bacteria biofilms alter the chemistry of well water by removing iron, manganese, and sulfate from solution and by increasing the pH. Sulfur-reducing bacteria and iron-sulfide mineral phases were observed in some samples of encrusting material, indicating that these bacteria could contribute to well-screen encrustation in some geochemical environments. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974032","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., 1997, Geochemistry and microbiology of iron-related well-screen encrustation and aquifer biofouling in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4032, v, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974032.","productDescription":"v, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59145,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab75a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, D. A.","contributorId":75179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24288,"text":"ofr97854B - 1997 - Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Chittenden quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T19:29:15.805674","indexId":"ofr97854B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-854","chapter":"B","title":"Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Chittenden quadrangle, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97854B","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or answer technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., 1997, Digital and preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Chittenden quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-854, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97854B.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0854b/application.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":109007,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18867.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18867"},{"id":155043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Chittenden quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73,\n              43.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              43.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              43.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              43.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              43.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, N. M.","contributorId":80691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"N.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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