Metamorphosed silicic volcanic and hypabyssal rocks of middle Cretaceous (110 to 100 Ma) age occur in two roof pendants in the Kings Canyon area of the central Sierra Nevada. The metavolcanic remnants are similar in age to or are only slightly older than the voluminous enclosing batholithic rocks. Thus, high to surface levels of the batholith are implied for this region. This is interesting considering that deep-level (∼25 km) batholithic rocks of the same age as the metavolcanic rocks occur at the southern end of the range. Apparent structural continuity between these two regions suggests that the southern half of the range offers an oblique section through young (˜100 Ma) sialic crust.
The middle Cretaceous ages of the two volcanic sequences are indicated by U/Pb zircon and Rb/Sr bulk-rock isochron data. The two isotopic systems agree very closely with one another. Some of the U/Pb systems within the Boyden Cave pendant are discordant due to the inheritance or entrainment of Proterozoic zircon. This is a common phenomenon in volcanic or plutonic rocks erupted or emplaced within the Kings sequence metamorphic framework, a belt of distinct pendants with abundant continent-derived sedimentary protoliths. In conjunction with other petrochemical parameters, lavas and magmas of this framework domain are shown to be contaminated with sedimentary admixtures. The contaminated domain of the batholith reflects the bounds of the Kings sequence framework, which along its eastern margin probably represents a major pre-batholith to early batholith tectonic break.
The middle Cretaceous metavolcanic sequences were apparently built on two distinctly different early Mesozoic substrates separated by a major tectonic break. In the Boyden Cave pendant, the substrate may be represented by the shallow to deep-marine Kings sequence; to the east in the Oak Creek pendant, the substrate consists of a thick silicic ignimbrite sequence. In both areas the middle Cretaceous rocks and adjacent sequences share intense ductile deformation fabrics. Earlier views that considered these fabrics as an expression of Jurassic orogenic deformation are in error. Structural and age relations indicate that the fabrics developed between 105 and 100 Ma and during the medial phases of Cretaceous composite batholith growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p251","usgsCitation":"Saleeby, J., Kistler, R.W., Longiaru, S., Moore, J.G., and Nokleberg, W.J., 1990, Chapter 14: Middle Cretaceous silicic metavolcanic rocks in the Kings Canyon area, central Sierra Nevada, California: GSA Memoirs, v. 174, p. 251-270, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p251.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.2181396484375,\n 36.70806354647625\n ],\n [\n -117.8173828125,\n 36.70806354647625\n ],\n [\n -117.8173828125,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -119.2181396484375,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -119.2181396484375,\n 36.70806354647625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleeby, J.B.","contributorId":36148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleeby","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":115397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longiaru, Samuel","contributorId":221676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longiaru","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207897,"text":"70207897 - 1990 - Subsidence and volcanism of the Haleakala Ridge, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-01T18:26:55.125595","indexId":"70207897","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-17T11:20:46","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsidence and volcanism of the Haleakala Ridge, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Side-looking sonar (GLORIA) mapping has revealed a series of four arcuate bands of high sonic backscatter on the crest of the Haleakala Ridge, a major rift-zone ridge extending 135 km east of the island of Maui. Dredge recovery indicates that the shallowest of these bands is a drowned coral reef, and the deeper bands are also inferred to be coral reefs. The reefs occur above a prominent submarine bench 1500–2500 m deep on the ridge (H-terrace) that marks the shoreline at the end of vigorous shield building of Haleakala volcano when lava flows ceased crossing and reworking the shoreline.
Since their growth these reefs have subsided as much as 2200 m and have tilted systematically about 20 m/km southward as a result of post-reef volcanic loading on the island of Hawaii, whose center of mass is about directly south of the Haleakala Ridge. The 234U/238U age of the dredged coral is
Basalt glass fragments dredged from the Haleakala Ridge below the H terrace are tholeiitic and contain high sulfur indicative of eruption in water deeper than 200 m. Basalt glass fragments associated with the reefs above the H terrace are dominantly tholeiitic and contain intermediate sulfur contents, indicative of subaqueous eruption in shallow, near-shore conditions. One alkalic glass fragment was recovered above the H terrace. These relations indicate that the morphologic end of shield building as recorded by construction of the H terrace was not accompanyed by a change from tholeiitic to alkalic basalt; instead tholeiite eruptions continued for some time before the erupted lava became alkalic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(90)90004-Y","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., Ludwig, K., and Mark, R.K., 1990, Subsidence and volcanism of the Haleakala Ridge, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 42, no. 3, p. 273-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(90)90004-Y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakala Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.5986328125,\n 18.542116654448996\n ],\n [\n -154.5556640625,\n 18.542116654448996\n ],\n [\n -154.5556640625,\n 22.004174972902003\n ],\n [\n -158.5986328125,\n 22.004174972902003\n ],\n [\n -158.5986328125,\n 18.542116654448996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D. A.","contributorId":190950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":779686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242782,"text":"70242782 - 1990 - Tertiary basin development and tectonic implications, Whipple Detachment System, Colorado River Extensional Corridor, California and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T20:34:22.120892","indexId":"70242782","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-10T14:50:24","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary basin development and tectonic implications, Whipple Detachment System, Colorado River Extensional Corridor, California and Arizona","docAbstract":"Colorado River extensional corridor. In the Mohave Mountains and Aubrey Hills of Arizona and the eastern Whipple Mountains of California near Parker Dam, these deposits comprise four unconformity-bounded sequences composed of locally derived epiclastic and volcanic rocks and the Peach Springs Tuff. The three older sequences represent syntectonic units that were deposited coeval with detachment faulting, and the fourth is interpreted to be postextensional. The sequences are correlated between four fault-bounded regions, which are the remnants of four different depositional basins. Similar sequences can be correlated over broad areas of the extensional corridor despite the general lack of widespread units. The basins developed in about the same positions, relative to each other and to volcanic sources, as they occupy at present. This is shown by gradational changes of pre-Tertiary rock types between regions, systematic variations in the abundance of magmatic units, and correlative volcanic units that occur in two adjacent regions. The basins formed in the early Miocene from segmentation of the upper crust into blocks bounded by high-angle faults that trended both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of extension and which were terminated at middle crustal depths by a low-angle detachment fault. Extreme rotation of one large crustal block, which constitutes the central Mohave Mountains, is recorded by a major unconformity in the lower Miocene section of one basin. Because coeval sections that formed in adjoining basins do not record this rotation, the underlying crustal blocks must have been separated by transfer faults that allowed them to rotate independently. These proposed transfer faults are represented at present by major faults with trends that parallel the direction of extension on the Whipple detachment system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB01p00599","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., and Beratan, K.K., 1990, Tertiary basin development and tectonic implications, Whipple Detachment System, Colorado River Extensional Corridor, California and Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B1, p. 599-614, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB01p00599.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"614","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Aubrey Hills, Buckskin Mountain, Mohave Mountains, Parker Dam, Whipple Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.67259654456944,\n 34.723444254111214\n ],\n [\n -114.67259654456944,\n 34.21307030209428\n ],\n [\n -113.77304801522976,\n 34.21307030209428\n ],\n [\n -113.77304801522976,\n 34.723444254111214\n ],\n [\n -114.67259654456944,\n 34.723444254111214\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, J. E.","contributorId":106140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beratan, Kathi K.","contributorId":304218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beratan","given":"Kathi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242781,"text":"70242781 - 1990 - Lithology and evolution of the crust-mantle boundary region in the southwestern Basin and Range Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:38:32.599148","indexId":"70242781","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T14:29:11","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithology and evolution of the crust-mantle boundary region in the southwestern Basin and Range Province","docAbstract":"Mantle and crustal xenoliths from volcanic rocks in the southwestern Basin and Range province and Colorado Plateau Transition Zone reveal histories of episodic magmatism and deformation that have profoundly influenced the crustal structure of this region. Seismic transects in this area show a strongly reflective Moho of generally low relief, which, in the area of modern transects, consists of a thin zone (<2 km thick) of short reflectors. The upper mantle is transparent and has a Pn of 7.8–8.0 km/s similar to much of the western United States. A lower crustal zone, 2–13 km thick, has variable internal reflectivity and a relatively low velocity of 6.6–6.8 km/s. Upper mantle peridotite xenoliths show both ductile and brittle deformational features and have structures and compositions affected by magmatic intrusion; intrusions form complex dike systems and extensive zones of grain boundary infiltration in peridotite xenoliths. Whereas melt infiltration preceded and followed ductile deformation, brittle deformation, represented by closely spaced joint systems and faults, followed ductile deformation and is related to the youngest magmatic episodes. These structural characteristics and high uppermost mantle temperature (∼1000°C) may combine to explain the relatively low Pn. Alternating layers of ductily deformed and undeformed peridotites, with or without igneous intrusions, may contribute to the reflectivity of the Moho. Lower crustal xenoliths are dominantly igneous-textured pyroxenites and mafic to intermediate gabbros identical to the dikes in peridotite xenoliths. The crustal xenoliths also commonly are jointed, and in addition many show partial melting and have abundant cavities that probably were filled with CO2-rich fluids. These rocks are interpreted as products of underplated magmas that were fed through the mantle dike systems and may represent the lowest crustal unit identified in the seismic records. The mafic compositions and high densities of the crustal xenoliths indicate that the low velocity of the lower crust may be caused in part by fracture systems, partial melts, and high temperatures. Garnet granulite xenoliths from a locality with no mantle peridotite xenoliths probably represent crust of the region before late Miocene extension. Felsic granulite xenoliths from two localities have velocities like those of the two lower crustal units identified seismically and could be present in the modern crust as unequilibrated remnants of old crust. The preferred model for the evolution of the lower lithosphere is one in which extension affects the upper mantle as well as the crust and is overlapped in time by multiple magmatic episodes. The earliest magmatic events preceded extension, and later events accompanied and followed extension.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB01p00649","usgsCitation":"American Geophysical Union, 1990, Lithology and evolution of the crust-mantle boundary region in the southwestern Basin and Range Province: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B1, p. 649-665, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB01p00649.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"665","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.2296009342291,\n 36.246520391919546\n ],\n [\n -116.2296009342291,\n 33.5198044600661\n ],\n [\n -112.71087969886685,\n 33.5198044600661\n ],\n [\n -112.71087969886685,\n 36.246520391919546\n ],\n [\n -116.2296009342291,\n 36.246520391919546\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70181815,"text":"70181815 - 1990 - Components of breeding productivity in a marine bird community: key factors and concordance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T14:08:40","indexId":"70181815","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Components of breeding productivity in a marine bird community: key factors and concordance","docAbstract":"We estimated components of annual breeding productivity for eight species of marine birds on the Semidi Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska. Mortality of eggs and young, caused primarily by avian predators, accounted for most of the annual variation in productivity. Failure to produce eggs, clutch size variation, and the hatchability of eggs were generally less important. The stage of breeding at which annual productivity was most strongly regulated differed among species. In murres, chick-rearing success accounted for the largest share of annual variation in overall productivity, whereas incubation success was the key factor in fulmars, kittiwakes, and puffins. Although avian predators were the dominant proximate cause of egg and chick losses in some species, food supply seemed ultimately responsible for variation in all the major components of productivity. Concordance of productivity among species was low for the marine bird community as a whole, but selected pairs of species exhibited a greater tendency for high and low productivities to occur in the same years. Compared with the same or similar species outside Alaska, Semidi Islands birds were in one of three categories: (i) species whose productivity was about the same as reported from other areas (fulmars and gulls), (ii) species with comparatively low productivity (murres, puffins, kittiwakes), and (iii) species with similar mean productivity but greater annual variation (cormorants). These patterns suggest that specialized consumers of forage fish experienced food shortages at the Semidi Islands and that surface feeders were more severely affected than divers.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z90-248","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., and Hatch, M.A., 1990, Components of breeding productivity in a marine bird community: key factors and concordance: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 68, no. 8, p. 1680-1690, https://doi.org/10.1139/z90-248.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1680","endPage":"1690","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska, Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.00836181640625,\n 55.91535151540654\n ],\n [\n -156.4617919921875,\n 55.91535151540654\n ],\n [\n -156.4617919921875,\n 56.315013425566924\n ],\n [\n -157.00836181640625,\n 56.315013425566924\n ],\n [\n -157.00836181640625,\n 55.91535151540654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42549e4b0c825128ad4d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Martha A.","contributorId":181576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185105,"text":"70185105 - 1990 - Immediate impact of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill on marine birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T10:05:47","indexId":"70185105","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immediate impact of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill on marine birds","docAbstract":"On 24 March 1989, the oil tanker 'Exxon Valdez' spilled 260,000 barrels of crude oil in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Oil eventually drifted over $30,000\\ {\\rm km}^{2}$ of coastal and offshore waters occupied by approximately one million marine birds. More than 30,000 dead birds of 90 species were retrieved from polluted areas by 1 August 1989. Of those identified, murres (74%), other alcids (7.0%), and sea ducks (5.3%) suffered the highest mortality from oil, and most (88%) birds were killed outside of Prince William Sound. A colony of 129,000 murres at the Barren Islands was probably devastated. Another 7,000 birds were retrieved between 1 August and 13 October, but most of those birds appeared to have died from natural causes. This later die-off was composed largely of shearwaters and other procellariids (51%), gulls (22%), and puffins (14%). Based on aerial and ship-based surveys for populations at risk, and extrapolating from the number of dead birds recovered, we estimate that the total kill from oil pollution was from 100,000 to 300,000 birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4087623","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Lensink, C.J., Butler, W., Kendziorek, M., and Nysewander, D.R., 1990, Immediate impact of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill on marine birds: The Auk, v. 107, no. 2, p. 387-397, https://doi.org/10.2307/4087623.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"397","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4087623","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 56.0965557505683\n ],\n [\n -146.3818359375,\n 56.0965557505683\n ],\n [\n -146.3818359375,\n 61.14323525084058\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 61.14323525084058\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 56.0965557505683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lensink, Calvin J.","contributorId":99612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lensink","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33810,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, William","contributorId":189279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendziorek, Marshal","contributorId":189280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendziorek","given":"Marshal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nysewander, David R.","contributorId":23036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nysewander","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000568,"text":"1000568 - 1990 - Improved method for sectioning pectoral spines of catfish for age determination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:40:59","indexId":"1000568","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for sectioning pectoral spines of catfish for age determination","docAbstract":"Thorstenson and Plummer's (1977) \"stoichiometric saturation' model is reviewed, and a general relation between stoichiometric saturation Kss constants and excess free energies of mixing is derived for a binary solid-solution B1-xCxA: GE = RT[ln Kss - xln(xKCA) - (l-x)ln((l-x)KBA)]. This equation allows a suitable excess free energy function, such as Guggenheim's (1937) sub-regular function, to be fitted from experimentally determined Kss constants. Solid-phase free energies and component activity-coefficients can then be determined from one or two fitted parameters and from the endmember solubility products KBA and KCA. A general form of Lippmann's (1977,1980) \"solutus equation is derived from an examination of Lippmann's (1977,1980) \"total solubility product' model. Lippmann's II or \"total solubility product' variable is used to represent graphically not only thermodynamic equilibrium states and primary saturation states but also stoichiometric saturation and pure phase saturation states.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.290.2.164","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Reardon, E., 1990, Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation: American Journal of Science, v. 290, no. 2, p. 164-201, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.2.164.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.2.164","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"290","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b923ae4b08c986b319d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, E.J.","contributorId":47088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016308,"text":"70016308 - 1990 - Formation of anorthosite-Gabbro rhythmic phase layering: an example at North Arm Mountain, Bay of Isands ophiolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T21:12:38.257063","indexId":"70016308","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of anorthosite-Gabbro rhythmic phase layering: an example at North Arm Mountain, Bay of Isands ophiolite","docAbstract":"Rhythmically layered anorthosite and gabbro are exposed in a 4–10-m thick interval at the base of the layered gabbro unit on North Arm Mountain, one of four massifs that compose the Bay of Islands ophiolite, Newfoundland. Within the rhythmically layered interval, up to 37 anorthosite layers 1–2 cm thick alternate with gabbroic layers 7–10 cm thick. Anorthosites are adcumulates (most contain <6ppm Zr) with 98–99% plagioclase (Plag) and 1–2% intergranular clinopyroxene (Cpx), whereas gabbros are adcumulates to mesocumulates (<6–20ppm Zr) with 35–55% Plag, and the balance olivine (Ol) + Cpx ± orthopyroxene (Opx). Average mineral compositions are: Ol mg-number [100 ×Mg/(Mg + Fe)]=84·9, NiO=0·13wt. % Plag An = 87·9; Cpx mg-number = 88·3, TiO2=0·20 wt %; and Opx mg-number = 85·7. Rare earth element (REE) concentrations in clinopyroxene and plagioclase are low throughout the rhythmically layered interval (<5 times chondrites). The rhythmically layered interval is sandwiched between thick layers of adcumulate to orthocumulate uniform gabbro with average modal proportions of 54% Plag-39% Cpx-3% Ol-4% Opx. Average mineral compositions are: Ol mg-number = 75·5, NiO = 0·08 wt. %; Plag An=69%6; Cpx mg-number = 81·2, TiO2 =0·53 wt. %, and Opx mg-number = 77·5. Clinopyroxene and plagioclase REE abundances are systematically higher in the uniform gabbro interval than in the rhythmically layered interval. Calculated fractional crystallization paths and correlated cryptic variation patterns suggest that uniform and rhythmically layered gabbros represent 20–30% in situ crystallization of two distinct magma batches, one more evolved and the other more primitive. When the more primitive magma entered the crystallization site of the NA300–301 gabbros, it is estimated to have been ∼40°C hotter than the resident evolved magma, and may have been chilled by contact with a magma chamber margin composed of uniform gabbro. In this model, chilling caused the liquid to become supercooled with respect to plagioclase nucleation temperatures, resulting in crystallization of gabbro deficient in plagioclase relative to equilibrium cotectic proportions. Subtraction of a plagioclase-poor melagabbro enriched the liquid in normative plagioclase, which in turn led to crystallization of an anorthosite layer. Alternating anorthosite and gabbro layers in the rhythmically layered interval built up by coupled and sustained variations in crystal nucleation and growth rates, and associated variations in liquid compositions at the crystallization front. Relatively stagnant magma-flow conditions may be required to accumulate substantial thicknesses of rhythmically layered cumulates by sustained oscillatory crystallization. The rarity of anorthosite-gabbro rhythmic phase layering on North Arm Mountain may indicate that convective magma currents in the Bay of Islands magma chamber were too vigorous for oscillatory crystallization to commonly occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/31.1.1","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., and Elthon, D., 1990, Formation of anorthosite-Gabbro rhythmic phase layering: an example at North Arm Mountain, Bay of Isands ophiolite: Journal of Petrology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 1-50, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/31.1.1.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134ee4b0c8380cd545dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elthon, D.","contributorId":107434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elthon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016263,"text":"70016263 - 1990 - Nitrogen fixation dynamics of two diazotrophic communities in Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T15:26:34.914608","indexId":"70016263","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen fixation dynamics of two diazotrophic communities in Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"Two types of diazotrophic microbial communities were found in the littoral zone of alkaline hypersaline Mono Lake, California. One consisted of anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the flocculent surface layers of sediments. Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by flocculent surface layers occurred under anaerobic conditions, was not stimulated by light or by additions of organic substrates, and was inhibited by O2, nitrate, and ammonia. The second community consisted of a ball-shaped association of a filamentous chlorophyte (Ctenocladus circinnatus) with diazotrophic, nonheterocystous cyanobacteria, as well as anaerobic bacteria (Ctenocladus balls). Nitrogen fixation by Ctenocladus balls was usually, but not always, stimulated by light. Rates of anaerobic dark fixation equaled those in the light under air. Fixation in the light was stimulated by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea and by propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide]. 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea-elicited nitrogenase activity was inhibited by ammonia (96%) and nitrate (65%). Fixation was greatest when Ctenocladus balls were incubated anaerobically in the light with sulfide. Dark anaerobic fixation was not stimulated by organic substrates in short-term (4-h) incubations, but was in long-term (67-h) ones. Areal estimates of benthic N2 fixation were measured seasonally, using chambers. Highest rates (∼29.3 μmol of C2H4 m−2 h−1) occurred under normal diel regimens of light and dark. These estimates indicate that benthic N2 fixation has the potential to be a significant nitrogen source in Mono Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.56.3.614-622.1990","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., 1990, Nitrogen fixation dynamics of two diazotrophic communities in Mono Lake, California: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 56, no. 3, p. 614-622, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.3.614-622.1990.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"622","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479839,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.3.614-622.1990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.22637939453124,\n 37.90845010709064\n ],\n [\n -118.86245727539062,\n 37.90845010709064\n ],\n [\n -118.86245727539062,\n 38.09241741843045\n ],\n [\n -119.22637939453124,\n 38.09241741843045\n ],\n [\n -119.22637939453124,\n 37.90845010709064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66d5e4b0c8380cd72fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016260,"text":"70016260 - 1990 - Deformation monitoring at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia - October 1985 - March 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016260","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation monitoring at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia - October 1985 - March 1988","docAbstract":"Deformation studies began at Nevado del Ruiz 23 days before the devastating 13 November 1985 eruption, at least 12 months after precursory seismicity and fumarolic activity began. The late start in geodetic monitoring, limited number of stations in the pre-eruption network, and inconsistent patterns in the observed deformation limit conclusions about intrusive activity in the months and weeks prior to the eruption. However, the data require that the magma source of the devastating eruption was either deeper than 7 km or, if shallow, recovered the same volume and position within one week of the eruption. Geodetic monitoring resumed 1 week after the eruption and, by April 1986, included 11 tilt-leveling stations, 38 EDM lines, and 7 short leveling lines - a network capable of detecting emplacement or movement of magma volumes as small as 3 MCM (3 ?? 106 m3) to a depth of 2-3 km (using a point-source model), 10 MCM to 7 km, 50 MCM to 10 km, and 200 MCM to 15 km beneath Ruiz. In addition, 4 telemetered tiltmeters provided the capability of detecting, in real time, the fairly rapid ascent of much smaller magma bodies. Stations established to detect instability of the summit ice cap after the eruption were discontinued in early 1986. The data collected from the geodetic networks have higher than normal variance but demonstrate that little or no cumulative deformation of Ruiz occurred from October 1985 through March 1988. Thus, little, if any, magma intruded above 5 km beneath the summit during or after the 13 November 1985 eruption. This lack of significant intrusive activity agrees with the surprisingly low seismic energy release under Ruiz and makes direct degassing of a large batholith an improbable explanation of the large sulfur flux to date at Ruiz. Part of the variance in the geodetic data results from real but noncumulative deformation that may in part be pressure-buffered by a fairly large geothermal water-gas mixture for which abundant physical evidence exists. Part of the noncumulative deformation, some of the fairly dispersed and low-level seismicity under Ruiz, and some phreatic events appear to correlate with seasonal precipitation patterns. Hence rain/snow-loading and groundwater interaction may cause deformation events and possibly help trigger some phreatic explosions and seismic events at Ruiz and, as search of the literature reveals, at other volcanoes in metastable states. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Banks, N., Carvajal, C., Mora, H., and Tryggvason, E., 1990, Deformation monitoring at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia - October 1985 - March 1988: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 41, no. 1-4, p. 269-295.","startPage":"269","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe48e4b0c8380cd4ec38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, N.G.","contributorId":60635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carvajal, C.","contributorId":84082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carvajal","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mora, H.","contributorId":60777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tryggvason, E.","contributorId":68884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tryggvason","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016251,"text":"70016251 - 1990 - Qualitative and numerical analyses of the effects of river inflow variations on mixing diagrams in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T15:20:48.794099","indexId":"70016251","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Qualitative and numerical analyses of the effects of river inflow variations on mixing diagrams in estuaries","docAbstract":"The effects of river inflow variations on alkalinity/salinity distributions in San Francisco Bay and nitrate/salinity distributions in Delaware Bay are described. One-dimensional, advective-dispersion equations for salinity and the dissolved constituents are solved numerically and are used to simulate mixing in the estuaries. These simulations account for time-varying river inflow, variations in estuarine cross-sectional area, and longitudinally varying dispersion coefficients. The model simulates field observations better than models that use constant hydrodynamic coefficients and uniform estuarine geometry. Furthermore, field observations and model simulations are consistent with theoretical ‘predictions’ that the curvature of propery-salinity distributions depends on the relation between the estuarine residence time and the period of river concentration variation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(90)90006-D","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cifuentes, L., Schemel, L., and Sharp, J., 1990, Qualitative and numerical analyses of the effects of river inflow variations on mixing diagrams in estuaries: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 30, no. 4, p. 411-427, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(90)90006-D.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"427","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": 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E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, J.H.","contributorId":15764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016225,"text":"70016225 - 1990 - Petrology, isotope characteristics, and K-Ar ages of the Maranhão, northern Brazil, Mesozoic basalt province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T15:32:12","indexId":"70016225","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology, isotope characteristics, and K-Ar ages of the Maranhão, northern Brazil, Mesozoic basalt province","docAbstract":"Northern Brazil contains remnants of Mesozoic flood basalts and hypabyssal rocks that were apparently emplaced during tectonism related to opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Analyses and new K-Ar ages reveal that this ∼700x250 km Maranhão province (5°–8°S) has low-Ti basalts (∼1.1 wt% TiO2) in the western part that range about 160 to 190 Ma, and high-Ti basalts (3.4–4.4 wt% TiO2) in the eastern part about 115–122 Ma. Low-Ti basalt compositions are less evolved and have a smaller range, Mg# 62-56, than the high-Ti basalts, Mg# 44–33. General characteristics of the least evolved members of low- and high-Ti groups include, respectively, Zr 100 and 250 ppm, Sr 225 and 475 ppm, Ba 200 and 500 ppm, Nb 10 and 26 ppm, Y 29 and 36 ppm, La/Yb(n) 4.2 and 8.8, where La(n) is 30 and 90. Overall compositions resemble the low- and high-Ti basaltic rocks of the Mesozoic Serra Geral (Paraná) province in southern Brazil. The Maranhão low-Ti basalts have more radiogenic Sr and Pb and higher δ18O than the high-Ti basalts. Respectively, low- vs high-Ti: ɛSr26−54 vs 15−18; 206Pb/204Pb=18.25–.78 vs 18.22–.24; and δ18O 8.9–12.6 vs 6.5–8.6. Nd isotopes overlap: ɛNd−1.6 to −3.8 vs −2.1 to −3. Ages, compositions, and isotopes indicate that the low- and high-Ti groups had independent parentages from enriched subcontinental mantle. However, both groups can be modeled from one source composition if low-Ti basalt isotopes reflect crustal contamination, and if the parentages for each group were picritic liquids that represent either higher (for low-Ti) or lower (for high-Ti) percentages of melting of that single source. When comparing Pb isotopes of Maranhão and Serra Geral high-Ti basalts (uncontaminated) to evaluate the DUPAL anomaly, Maranhão has Pb Δ7/4=4.6–11, and Pb Δ8/4=72–87; Serra Geral has Pb Δ7/4=10–13, and Pb Δ8/4=95–125. The small difference is not enough to conform to DUPAL contours, and is inconsistent with large-scale isotopic heterogeneity of mantle beneath Brazil prior to rifting of South America from Africa. Maranhão low-Ti magmas probably relate to the opening of central North Atlantic, and high-Ti magmas to the opening of equatorial Atlantic. The proposed greater percentage of source melting for low-Ti basalts may reflect a Triassic-Jurassic hotspot, while lesser melting for high-Ti magmas may relate to Cretaceous decompressional (rifting) melting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00306664","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fodor, R., Sial, A., Mukasa, S., and McKee, E., 1990, Petrology, isotope characteristics, and K-Ar ages of the Maranhão, northern Brazil, Mesozoic basalt province: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 104, no. 5, p. 555-567, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00306664.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"567","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479843,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/47289>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":223506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306664"}],"volume":"104","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a785ce4b0c8380cd7869f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodor, R.V.","contributorId":106638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodor","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sial, A.N.","contributorId":85727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sial","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mukasa, S.B.","contributorId":89568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukasa","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016160,"text":"70016160 - 1990 - Organic matter in hydrothermal metal ores and hydrothermal fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T12:14:55.558732","indexId":"70016160","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic matter in hydrothermal metal ores and hydrothermal fluids","docAbstract":"Massive polymetallic sulfides are currently being deposited around active submarine hydrothermal vents associated with spreading centers. Chemoautolithotrophic bacteria are responsible for the high production of organic matter also associated with modern submarine hydrothermal activity. Thus, there is a significant potential for organic matter/metal interactions in these systems. We have studied modern and ancient hydrothermal metal ores and modern hydrothermal fluids in order to establish the amounts and origin of the organic matter associated with the metal ores. Twenty-six samples from modern and ancient hydrothermal systems were surveyed for their total organic C contents. Organic C values ranged from 0.01% to nearly 4.0% in these samples. Metal ores from modern and ancient sediment-covered hydrothermal systems had higher organic C values than those from modern and ancient hydrothermal systems lacking appreciable sedimentary cover. One massive pyrite sample from the Galapagos spreading center (3% organic C) had stable isotope values of −27.4% (δ13C) and 2.1% (δ15N), similar to those in benthic siphonophors from active vents and distinct from seep sea sedimentary organic matter. This result coupled with other analyses (e.g. 13C NMR, pyrolysis/GC, SEM) of this and other samples suggests that much of the organic matter may originate from chemoautolithotrophic bacteria at the vents. However, the organic matter in hydrothermal metal ores from sediment covered vents probably arises from complex sedimentary organic matter by hydrothermal pyrolysis. The dissolved organic C concentrations of hydrothermal fluids from one site (Juan de Fuca Ridge) were found to be the same as that of background seawater. This result may indicate that dissolved organic C is effectively scavenged from hydrothermal fluids by biological activity or by co-precipitation with metal ores.
Preliminary results of a multidisciplinary study of cores in southwestern Lake Michigan suggest that the materials in these cores can be interpreted in terms of both isostatically and climatically induced changes in lake level. Ostracodes and mollusks are well preserved in the Holocene sediments, and they provide paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic data, as well as biogenic carbonate for stable-isotope studies and radiocarbon dating. Pollen and diatom preservation in the cores is poor, which prevents comparison with regional vegetation records. New accelerator-mass spectrometer 14C ages, from both carbon and carbonate fractions, provide basin-wide correlations and appear to resolve the longstanding problem of anomalously old ages that result from detrital organic matter in Great Lakes sediments. Several cores contain a distinct unconformity associated with the abrupt fall in lake level that occurred about 10.3 ka when the isostatically depressed North Bay outlet was uncovered by the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet. Below the unconformity, ostracode assemblages imply deep, cold water with very low total dissolved solids (TDS), and bivalves have ?? 18O (PDB) values as light as - 10 per mil. Samples from just above the unconformity contain littoral to sublittoral ostracode species that imply warmer, higher-TDS (though still dilute) water than that inferred below the unconformity. Above this zone, another interval with ?? 18O values more negative than - 10 occurs. The isotopic data suggest that two influxes of cold, isotopically light meltwater from Laurentide ice entered the lake, one shortly before 10.3 ka and the other about 9 ka. These influxes were separated by a period during which the lake was warmer, shallower, but still very low in dissolved solids. One or both of the meltwater influxes may be related to discharge from Lake Agassiz into the Great Lakes. Sedimentation rates appear to have been constant from about 10 ka to 5 ka. Bivalve shells formed between about 8 and 5 ka have ?? 18O values that range from-2.3 to-3.3 per mil and appear to decrease toward the end of the interval. The ostracode assemblages and the stable isotopes suggest changes that are climatically controlled, including fluctuating water levels and increasing dissolved solids, although the water remained relatively dilute (TDS < 300 mg/l). A dramatic decrease in sedimentation rates occurred at about 5 ka, about the time of the peak of the Nippissing high lake stage. This decrease in sedimentation rate may be associated with a large increase in effective wave base as the lake approached its present size and fetch. A dramatic reduction in ostracode and mollusk abundances during the late Holocene is probably due to this decrease in sedimentation rates, which would result in increased carbonate dissolution. Ostracode productivity may also have declined due to a reduction in bottom-water oxygen caused by increased epilimnion algal productivity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00239699","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Jones, G.A., Forester, R.M., and Foster, D., 1990, Holocene paleoclimatic evidence and sedimentation rates from a core in southwestern Lake Michigan: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 4, no. 3, p. 269-284, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00239699.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -84.935302734375,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -84.935302734375,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 41.5579215778042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31ece4b0c8380cd5e35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Glenn A.","contributorId":17779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016148,"text":"70016148 - 1990 - Multivariate statistical analysis of stream-sediment geochemistry in the Grazer Paläozoikum, Austria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T15:21:08","indexId":"70016148","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate statistical analysis of stream-sediment geochemistry in the Grazer Paläozoikum, Austria","docAbstract":"The Austrian reconnaissance study of stream-sediment composition — more than 30000 clay-fraction samples collected over an area of 40000 km2 — is summarized in an atlas of regional maps that show the distributions of 35 elements. These maps, rich in information, reveal complicated patterns of element abundance that are difficult to compare on more than a small number of maps at one time. In such a study, multivariate procedures such as simultaneous R-Q mode components analysis may be helpful. They can compress a large number of variables into a much smaller number of independent linear combinations. These composite variables may be mapped and relationships sought between them and geological properties. As an example, R-Q mode components analysis is applied here to the Grazer Paläozoikum, a tectonic unit northeast of the city of Graz, which is composed of diverse lithologies and contains many mineral deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00190384","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Weber, L., and Davis, J., 1990, Multivariate statistical analysis of stream-sediment geochemistry in the Grazer Paläozoikum, Austria: Mineralium Deposita, v. 25, no. 3, p. 213-220, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00190384.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"220","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190384"},{"id":222891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60bbe4b0c8380cd7164b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, L.","contributorId":64808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016071,"text":"70016071 - 1990 - Recent uplift and hydrothermal activity at Tangkuban Parahu volcano, west Java, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016071","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent uplift and hydrothermal activity at Tangkuban Parahu volcano, west Java, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Tangkuban Parahu is an active stratovolcano located 17 km north of the city of Bandung in the province west Java, Indonesia. All historical eruptive activity at this volcano has been confined to a complex of explosive summit craters. About a dozen eruptions-mostly phreatic events- and 15 other periods of unrest, indicated by earthquakes or increased thermal activity, have been noted since 1829. The last magmatic eruption occurred in 1910. In late 1983, several small phreatic explosions originated from one of the summit craters. More recently, increased hydrothermal and earthquake activity occurred from late 1985 through 1986. Tilt measurements, using a spirit-level technique, have been made every few months since February 1981 in the summit region and along the south and east flanks of the volcano. Measurements made in the summit region indicated uplift since the start of these measurements through at least 1986. From 1981 to 1983, the average tilt rate at the edges of the summit craters was 40-50 microradians per year. After the 1983 phreatic activity, the tilt rate decreased by about a factor of five. Trilateration surveys across the summit craters and on the east flank of the volcano were conducted in 1983 and 1986. Most line length changes measured during this three-year period did not exceed the expected uncertainty of the technique (4 ppm). The lack of measurable horizontal strain across the summit craters seems to contradict the several years of tilt measurements. Using a point source of dilation in an elastic half-space to model tilt measurements, the pressure center at Tangkuban Parahu is located about 1.5 km beneath the southern part of the summit craters. This is beneath the epicentral area of an earthquake swarm that occurred in late 1983. The average rate in the volume of uplift from 1981 to 1983 was 3 million m3 per year; from 1983 to 1986 it averaged about 0.4 million m3 per year. Possible causes for this uplift are increased pressure within a very shallow magma body or heating and expansion of a confined aquifier. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00680317","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Dvorak, J., Matahelumual, J., Okamura, A., Said, H., Casadevall, T.J., and Mulyadi, D., 1990, Recent uplift and hydrothermal activity at Tangkuban Parahu volcano, west Java, Indonesia: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 20-28, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00680317.","startPage":"20","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00680317"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9656e4b0c8380cd81f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dvorak, J.","contributorId":94042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dvorak","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matahelumual, J.","contributorId":21285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matahelumual","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okamura, A.T.","contributorId":70400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Said, H.","contributorId":9775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Said","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mulyadi, D.","contributorId":88495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulyadi","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016047,"text":"70016047 - 1990 - Peridinialean dinoflagellate plate patterns, labels and homologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:06:23","indexId":"70016047","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peridinialean dinoflagellate plate patterns, labels and homologies","docAbstract":"Tabulation patterns for peridinialean dinoflagellate thecae and cysts have been traditionally expressed using a plate labelling system described by C.A. Kofoid in the early 1900's. This system can obscure dinoflagellate plate homologies and has not always been strictly applied. The plate-labelling system presented here introduces new series labels but incorporates key features and ideas from the more recently proposed systems of G.L. Eaton and F.J.R. Taylor, as modified by W.R. Evitt. Plate-series recognition begins with the cingulum (C-series) and proceeds from the cingulum toward the apex for the three series of the epitheca/epicyst and proceeds from the cingulum toward the antapex for the two series of the hypotheca/hypocyst. The epithecal/epicystal model consists of eight plates that touch the anterior margin of the cingulum (E-series: plates E1-E7, ES), seven plates toward the apex that touch the E-series plates (M-series: R, M1-M6), and up to seven plates near the apex that do not touch E-series plates (D-series: Dp-Dv). The hypothecal/hypocystal model consists of eight plates that touch the posterior margin of the cingulum (H-series: H1-H6,HR,HS) and three plates toward the antapex (T1-T3). Epithecal/epicystal tabulation patterns come in both 8- and 7- models, corresponding to eight and seven plates, respectively, in the E-series. Hypothecal/hypocystal tabulation patterns also come in both 8- and 7-models, corresponding to eight and seven plates, respectively, in the H-series. By convention, the 7-model epitheca/epicyst has no plates E1 and M1; the 7-model hypotheca/hypocyst has no plate H6. Within an 8-model or 7-model, the system emphasizes plates that are presumed to be homologous by giving them identical labels. I introduce the adjectives \"monothigmate\", \"dithigmate,\" and \"trithigmate\" to designate plates touching one, two, and three plates, respectively, of the adjacent series. The term \"thigmation\" applies to the analysis of plate contacts between plate series as a guide to interpretation. Application of the proposed plate labelling system involves: (1) locating the cingulum and identifying the plate series, (2) identifying the landmark plates within each series, (3) assigning appropriate plate numbers to plates in the E- and H-series, (4) assigning appropriate plate numbers to the remaining plates using thigmation and interactions of diagonally opposite pairs of plates (quartets) as guides to interpretation. A \"typical\" gonyaulacoid tabulation pattern combines a 7-model epitheca/epicyst and an 8-model hypotheca/hypocyst. A \"typical\" peridinioid tabulation pattern combines an 8-model epitheca/epicyst and a 7-model hypotheca/hypocyst. The group that is presently termed partiform gonyaulacoid (which includes the modern genus Cladopyxis Stein and the fossil Microdinium Cookson and Eisenack) has an 8-model epitheca/epicyst and an 8-model hypotheca/hypocyst.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(90)90079-X","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., 1990, Peridinialean dinoflagellate plate patterns, labels and homologies: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 65, no. 1-4, p. 293-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(90)90079-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7692e4b0c8380cd781b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015805,"text":"70015805 - 1990 - Ancient channels of the Susquehanna River beneath Chesapeake Bay and the Delmarva Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T19:07:47","indexId":"70015805","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient channels of the Susquehanna River beneath Chesapeake Bay and the Delmarva Peninsula","docAbstract":"The trunk channels of each system are 2 to 4 km wide and are incised 30 to 50 m into underlying strata; they have irregular longitudinal profiles and very low gradients within the Chesapeake Bay area. The youngest paleochannel is clearly of late Wisconsinan age, about 18 ka, and the intermediate one appears to be late Illinoian in age, or about 150 ka. The age of the oldest is in the range of about 200 to 400 ka. The three paleochannel systems imply a dynamic coastal-plain environment and at least two previous generations of the Chesapeake Bay. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1268:ACOTSR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Halka, J., Hobbs, C.H., Mixon, R.B., and Foster, D., 1990, Ancient channels of the Susquehanna River beneath Chesapeake Bay and the Delmarva Peninsula: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, no. 9, p. 1268-1279, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1268:ACOTSR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1268","endPage":"1279","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/2022","text":"External Repository"},{"id":223228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay, Delmarva Peninsula, Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.025146484375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -77.025146484375,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -77.025146484375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf4e4b0c8380cd48fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halka, J.P.","contributorId":27551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halka","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbs, C. H. III","contributorId":27940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbs","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mixon, R. B.","contributorId":11235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015800,"text":"70015800 - 1990 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of altered rocks associated with Lemitar carbonatites, central New Mexico, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:30:29","indexId":"70015800","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of altered rocks associated with Lemitar carbonatites, central New Mexico, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The intrusion of more than 100 Cambrian-Ordovician carbonatite dikes caused minor alteration of Proterozoic granitic and mafic rocks in the Lemitar Mountains, although hematization, carbonatization and fenitization caused extensive alteration locally. Ampibolites within 15-20 m of the carbonatite dike contacts were highly altered by carbonatization. Locally the Lemitar diorite/gabbro adjacent to some carbonatites were altered in a thin, discontinuous zone by sodic-potassic fenitization. The granite at Polvadera Peak was locally altered by potassic fenitization. Most of the altered rocks have been further altered by hematization and carbonatization. The altered rocks show increases in loss on ignition and in one or more the elements Ca, K, Na and Al. Only granitic fenites in the Lemitar Mountains lost silica and some diorite/gabbro fenites gained silica. Petrologic and geochemical studies clearly indicate that the types and degree of alteration differ notably in different rock types. The fenitizing fluids were oxidizing, slightly acidic, high in volatiles (especially CO2) and possibly fairly low in alkali elements. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-4937(90)90042-Y","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"McLemore, V., and Modreski, P., 1990, Mineralogy and geochemistry of altered rocks associated with Lemitar carbonatites, central New Mexico, U.S.A.: LITHOS, v. 26, no. 1-2, p. 99-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(90)90042-Y.","startPage":"99","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267964,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(90)90042-Y"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ab8e4b0c8380cd6f0a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLemore, V. T.","contributorId":15225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLemore","given":"V. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001258,"text":"1001258 - 1990 - Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:29:16","indexId":"1001258","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season","docAbstract":"During 1976-81 we weighed several thousands of wild Mallard, Gadwall, and Blue-winged Teal in central North Dakota to examine duckling growth patterns, adult weights, and the factors influencing them. One-day-old Mallard and Gadwall averaged 32.4 and 30.4 g, respectively, a reduction of 34% and 29% from fresh egg weights. In all three species, the logistic growth curve provided a good fit for duckling growth patterns. Except for the asymptote, there was no difference in growth curves between males and females of a species. Mallard and Gadwall ducklings were heavier in years when wetland area was extensive or had increased from the previous year. Weights of after-second-year females were greater than yearlings for Mallard but not for Gadwall or Blue-winged Teal. Adult Mallard females lost weight continuously from late March to early July. Gadwall and Blue-winged Teal females, which nest later than Mallard, gained weight after spring arrival, lost weight from the onset of nesting until early July, and then regained some weight. Females of all species captured on nests were lighter than those captured off nests at the same time. Male Mallard weights decreased from spring arrival until late May. Male Gadwall and Blue-winged Teal weights increased after spring arrival, then declined until early June. Males of all three species then gained weight until the end of June. Among adults, female Gadwall and male Mallard and Blue-winged Teal were heavier in years when wetland area had increased from the previous year; female Blue-winged Teal were heavier in years with more wetland area.","language":"English","publisher":"WWT","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., Johnson, D.H., and Sharp, D., 1990, Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season: Wildfowl, v. 41, p. 122-130.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328538,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/843"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, John T.","contributorId":15555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, David E.","contributorId":12592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015834,"text":"70015834 - 1990 - High temperature annealing of fission tracks in fluorapatite, Santa Fe Springs oil field, Los Angeles Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:08:40","indexId":"70015834","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2067,"text":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High temperature annealing of fission tracks in fluorapatite, Santa Fe Springs oil field, Los Angeles Basin, California","docAbstract":"Annealing of fission tracks is a kinetic process dependent primarily on temperature and to a laser extent on time. Several kinetic models of apatite annealing have been proposed. The predictive capabilities of these models for long-term geologic annealing have been limited to qualitative or semiquantitative at best, because of uncertainties associated with (1) the extrapolation of laboratory observations to geologic conditions, (2) the thermal histories of field samples, and (3) to some extent, the effect of apatite composition on reported annealing temperatures. Thermal history in the Santa Fe Springs oil field, Los Angeles Basin, California, is constrained by an exceptionally well known burial history and present-day temperature gradient. Sediment burial histories are continuous and tightly constrained from about 9 Ma to present, with an important tie at 3.4 Ma. No surface erosion and virtually no uplift were recorded during or since deposition of these sediments, so the burial history is simple and uniquely defined. Temperature gradient (???40??C km-1) is well established from oil-field operations. Fission-track data from the Santa Fe Springs area should thus provide one critical field test of kinetic annealing models for apatite. Fission-track analysis has been performed on apatites from sandstones of Pliocene to Miocene age from a deep drill hole at Santa Fe Springs. Apatite composition, determined by electron microprobe, is fluorapatite [average composition (F1.78Cl0.01OH0.21)] with very low chlorine content [less than Durango apatite; sample means range from 0.0 to 0.04 Cl atoms, calculated on the basis of 26(O, F, Cl, OH)], suggesting that the apatite is not unusually resistant to annealing. Fission tracks are preserved in these apatites at exceptionally high present-day temperatures. Track loss is not complete until temperatures reach the extreme of 167-178??C (at 3795-4090 m depth). The temperature-time annealing relationships indicated by the new data from Santa Fe Springs conflict with predictions based on previously published, commonly used, kinetic annealing models for apatite. Work is proceeding on samples from another area of the basin that may resolve this discrepancy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Fission Track Dating Workshop","conferenceLocation":"Besancon, Fr","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1359-0189(90)90097-H","issn":"0191278X","usgsCitation":"Naeser, N.D., Crowley, K.D., McCulloh, T.H., and Reaves, C.M., 1990, High temperature annealing of fission tracks in fluorapatite, Santa Fe Springs oil field, Los Angeles Basin, California: International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, v. 17, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(90)90097-H.","startPage":"424","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268865,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(90)90097-H"},{"id":222869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30d5e4b0c8380cd5d9ae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Couchot PierreFromm M.Chambaudet A.Rebetez M.Van den haute Peteret al","contributorId":128349,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Couchot PierreFromm M.Chambaudet A.Rebetez M.Van den haute Peteret al","id":536309,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, Nancy D.","contributorId":82753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, Kevin D.","contributorId":63536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCulloh, Thane H.","contributorId":100450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloh","given":"Thane","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reaves, Chris M.","contributorId":10554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reaves","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184660,"text":"70184660 - 1990 - Is the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) a hibernator? Continued studies on opioids and hibernation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T09:29:31","indexId":"70184660","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5314,"text":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","onlineIssn":"1873-5177","printIssn":"0091-3057","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) a hibernator? Continued studies on opioids and hibernation","docAbstract":"Polar bear behavior and biochemistry suggest they may have the ability to hibernate year-round, even though this species is not considered to be a true hibernator. This observation, plus the discovery of a hibernation-induced trigger (HIT) in the blood of black bears, prompted the examination of polar bear blood collected thoughout the year for evidence ofr HIT, and to determine if it displayed opioid activity, as black bear blood does. A bioassay was conducted by injected summer 13-lined ground squirrels with serum collected from polar bears at different seasons. One group of squirrels was previously implanted with osmotic pumps containing naloxone. The rest had pumps containing saline. Squirrels with saline pumps all hibernated significantly more than those with naloxone, except the group receiving blood from a November polar bear, observed to be highly active and hyperphagic. An in vitro study, using guinea pig ileum, showed that 400 nM morphine inhibited induced contractions and 100 nM naloxone reversed the inhibition. Ten mg of winter polar bear serum albumin fraction (to which HIT binds in ground squirrels and woodchucks) had a similar inhibiting effect, but naloxone, even at 4,000 nM, didn't reverse it. It is concluded that polar bear contains HIT, that it has an opioid effct, but may not itself be an opioid.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0091-3057(90)90311-5","usgsCitation":"Bruce, D.S., Darling, N.K., Seeland, K.J., Oeltgen, P.R., Nilekani, S.P., and Amstrup, S.C., 1990, Is the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) a hibernator? Continued studies on opioids and hibernation: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v. 35, no. 3, p. 705-711, https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(90)90311-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"711","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c951e4b0f37a93ee9b88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, David S.","contributorId":188228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darling, Nancy K.","contributorId":188229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darling","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seeland, Katheleen J.","contributorId":188230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seeland","given":"Katheleen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oeltgen, Peter R.","contributorId":188231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oeltgen","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nilekani, Sita P.","contributorId":188232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nilekani","given":"Sita","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":682455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016207,"text":"70016207 - 1990 - Partitioning of F between H2O and CO2 fluids and topaz rhyolite melt - Implications for mineralizing magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in F-rich granitic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016207","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partitioning of F between H2O and CO2 fluids and topaz rhyolite melt - Implications for mineralizing magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in F-rich granitic systems","docAbstract":"Fluid/melt distribution coefficients for F have been determined in experiments conducted with peraluminous topaz rhyolite melts and fluids consisting of H2O and H2O+CO2 at pressures of 0.5 to 5 kbar, temperatures of 775??-1000??C, and concentrations of F in the melt ranging from 0.5 to 6.9 wt%. The major element, F, and Cl concentrations of the starting material and run product glasses were determined by electron microprobe, and the concentration of F in the fluid was calculated by mass balance. The H2O concentrations of some run product glasses were determined by ion microprobe (SIMS). The solubility of melt in the fluid phase increases with increasing F in the system; the solubility of H2O in the melt is independent of the F concentration of the system with up to 6.3 wt% F in the melt. No evidence of immiscible silica- and fluoriderich liquids was detected in the hydrous but water-undersaturated starting material glasses (???8.5 wt% F in melt) or in the water-saturated run product glasses. F concentrates in topaz rhyolite melts relative to coexisting fluids at most conditions studied; however, DF (wt% F in fluid/wt% F in melt) increases strongly with increasing F in the system. Maximum values of DF in this study are significantly larger than those previously reported in the literature. Linear extrapolation of the data suggests that DF is greater than one for water-saturated, peraluminous granitic melts containing ???8 wt% F at 800?? C and 2 kbar. DF increases as temperature and as (H2O/H2O+CO2) of the fluid increase. For topaz rhyolite melts containing ???1 wt% F and with H2O-rich fluids, DF is independent of changes in pressure from 2 to 5 kbar at 800?? C; for melts containing ???1 wt% F and in equilibrium with CO2-bearing fluids the concentrations of F in fluid increases with increasing pressure. F-and lithophile element-enriched granites may evolve to compositions containing extreme concentrations of F during the final stages of crystallization. If F in the melt exceeds 8 wt%, DF is greater than one and the associated magmatic-hydrothermal fluid contains >4 molal F. Such F-enriched fluids may be important in the mass transport of ore constituents, i.e., F, Mo, W, Sn, Li, Be, Rb, Cs, U, Th, Nb, Ta, and B, from the magma. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01575620","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Webster, J., 1990, Partitioning of F between H2O and CO2 fluids and topaz rhyolite melt - Implications for mineralizing magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in F-rich granitic systems: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 104, no. 4, p. 424-438, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01575620.","startPage":"424","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575620"},{"id":223202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7540e4b0c8380cd77a83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, J.D.","contributorId":16582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016084,"text":"70016084 - 1990 - Deep drilling at the Siljan Ring impact structure: oxygen-isotope geochemistry of granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70016084","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep drilling at the Siljan Ring impact structure: oxygen-isotope geochemistry of granite","docAbstract":"The Siljan Ring is a 362-Ma-old impact structure formed in 1700-Ma-old I-type granites. A 6.8-km-deep borehole provides a vertical profile through granites and isolated horizontal diabase sills. Fluid-inclusion thermometry, and oxygen-isotope compositions of vein quartz, granite, diabase, impact melt, and pseudotachylite, reveal a complex history of fluid activity in the Siljan Ring, much of which can be related to the meteorite impact. In granites from the deep borehole, ??18O values of matrix quartz increase with depth from near 8.0 at the surface to 9.5??? at 5760 m depth. In contrast, feldspar ??18O values decrease with depth from near 10 at the surface to 7.1??? at 5760 m, forming a pattern opposite to the one defined by quartz isotopic compositions. Values of ??18O for surface granites outside the impact structure are distinct from those in near-surface samples from the deep borehole. In the deep borehole, feldspar coloration varies from brick-red at the surface to white at 5760 m, and the abundances of crack-healing calcite and other secondary minerals decrease over the same interval. Superimposed on the overall decrease in alteration intensity with depth are localized fracture zones at 4662, 5415, and 6044 m depth that contain altered granites, and which provided pathways for deep penetration of surface water. The antithetic variation of quartz and feldspar ??18O values, which can be correlated with mineralogical evidence of alteration, provides evidence for interaction between rocks and impact-heated fluids (100-300?? C) in the upper 2 km of the pluton. Penetration of water to depths below 2 km was restricted by a general decrease in impact-fracturing with depth, and by a 60-m-thick diabase sill at 1500 m depth that may have been an aquitard. At depths below 4 km in the pluton, where water/rock ratios were low, oxygen isotopic compositions preserve evidence for limited high-temperature (>500?? C) exchange between alkali feldspar and fluids. The high-temperature exchange may have been a post-impact event involving impact-heated fluids, or a post-magmatic event. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302492","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., and Valley, J., 1990, Deep drilling at the Siljan Ring impact structure: oxygen-isotope geochemistry of granite: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 105, no. 5, p. 516-532, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302492.","startPage":"516","endPage":"532","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302492"},{"id":222830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1fe4b0c8380cd4eb29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}