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,{"id":30173,"text":"wri974053 - 1997 - Nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in streams in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T13:31:34","indexId":"wri974053","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4053","title":"Nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in streams in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1993-95","docAbstract":"<p>Fifteen stream sites in the Red River of the North Basin were sampled during 1993-95 to assess levels of nutrients, organic carbon, and suspended sediment, and five sites were sampled for pesticides. Concentrations varied seasonally and were related to periods of fertilizer and pesticide application, and to runoff. Concentrations of several constituents were related to the physiographic area the stream drains, but other factors such as local land use frequently complicated that relation.</p>\n<p>Median dissolved nitrogen concentrations were highest in streams influenced by the Red River Valley Lake Plain physiographic area. Organic nitrogen comprised the largest part of the dissolved nitrogen in streams. Ammonia was negligible most of the year, but accumulated under ice in late winter. Nitrate concentrations generally were highest during snowmelt and rainfall runoff.</p>\n<p>Phosphorus in streams mostly was in the dissolved form, which is readily available to biota. Streams draining the Moraine and Lake-Washed Till Plain had the lowest concentrations of total phosphorus, while Drift Prairie and Red River Valley Lake Plain streams had the highest concentrations. Concentrations of both dissolved and suspended phosphorus increased substantially during runoff of snowmelt and rainfall.</p>\n<p>The Bois de Sioux River Basin had the highest nitrogen yield. High nitrogen and phosphorus yields probably were related to agricultural practices in the Bois de Sioux River Basin. High phosphorus concentrations in the Pembina River probably result from agricultural practices and runoff from the steep terrain in the basin.</p>\n<p>Improved wastewater treatment appears to have reduced ammonia concentrations in streams, but has resulted in increased nitrate concentrations. The loads of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Red River of the North during this study were about twice as high as historical loads, but still were only about 4.1 and 2.4 percent, respectively, of the amounts introduced to the study unit.</p>\n<p>Dissolved organic carbon concentrations above 15 mg/L were common in streams draining peatlands. Suspended organic carbon concentrations were highly variable and generally were highest during runoff.</p>\n<p>Most suspended sediment in streams was clay and silt sized particles. The Pembina River had the highest concentrations and yields of suspended sediment, probably the result of erosion along this relatively high-gradient stream. Streams having an abundance of lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands in their watersheds had the lowest sediment concentrations and yields.</p>\n<p>Several pesticides were frequently detected. Atrazine and other triazine compounds were detected in most stream-water samples throughout the study. Concentrations of triazine herbicides were highest in streams draining southern parts of the study unit where they are applied to corn. Triallate was commonly detected in northern streams where it is applied to small grains and sunflowers. Simazine and prometon were commonly detected, but generally are used only for nonagricultural purposes. Few insecticides were detected in stream-water samples. Carbofuran was the most commonly detected insecticide and was found in 16 percent of the samples.</p>\n<p>The most heavily used herbicides, 2,4-D and MCPA, were infrequently detected in stream-water samples. Of the estimated applications of atrazine, triallate, and 2,4-D, about 0.9, 0.06, and 0.02 percent of each of these compounds, respectively, was carried out of the study unit by the Red River of the North during 1993-95.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974053","usgsCitation":"Tornes, L., Brigham, M.E., and Lorenz, D., 1997, Nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in streams in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4053, vii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974053.","productDescription":"vii, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science 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}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tornes, L. H.","contributorId":103675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornes","given":"L. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28679,"text":"wri974178 - 1997 - Estimated water withdrawals and use in Vermont, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri974178","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4178","title":"Estimated water withdrawals and use in Vermont, 1995","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974178","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., 1997, Estimated water withdrawals and use in Vermont, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4178, iii, 14 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974178.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28678,"text":"wri974177 - 1997 - Estimated water withdrawals and use in New Hampshire, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri974177","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4177","title":"Estimated water withdrawals and use in New Hampshire, 1995","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974177","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., 1997, Estimated water withdrawals and use in New Hampshire, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4177, iii, 13 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974177.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4177/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57519,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcbdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22573,"text":"ofr97687 - 1997 - Compilation of 59 sonic and density logs from 51 oil test wells in the San Francisco Bay area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T13:46:54","indexId":"ofr97687","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-687","title":"Compilation of 59 sonic and density logs from 51 oil test wells in the San Francisco Bay area, California","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97687","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Ruebel, A., and Brabb, E.E., 1997, Compilation of 59 sonic and density logs from 51 oil test wells in the San Francisco Bay area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-687, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97687.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52056,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0687/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0687/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruebel, A.L.","contributorId":77181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruebel","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30202,"text":"wri974184 - 1997 - Ground-water geochemistry of Kwajalein Island, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T20:59:11.587932","indexId":"wri974184","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4184","title":"Ground-water geochemistry of Kwajalein Island, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1991","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water on Kwajalein Island is an important source of drinking water, particularly during periods of low rainfall. Fresh ground water is found as a thin lens underlain by saltwater. The concentration of dissolved ions increases with depth below the water table and proximity to the shoreline as high-salinity seawater mixes with fresh ground water. The maximum depth of the freshwater lens is 37 ft.</p><p>Chloride is assumed to be non-reactive under the range of geochemical conditions on the atoll. The concentration of chloride thus is used as a conservative constituent to evaluate freshwater-saltwater mixing within the aquifer. Concentrations of sodium and for the most part, potassium and sulfate, also appear to be determined by conservative mixing between saltwater and rain. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and strontium are higher than expected from conservative mixing; these higher concentrations are a result of the dissolution of carbonate minerals. An excess in dissolved inorganic carbon results from carbonate-mineral dissolution and from the oxidation of organic matter in the aquifer; the stoichiometric difference between excess dissolved inorganic carbon and excess bivalent cations is used as a measure of the amount of organic-matter oxidation. Organic-matter oxidation also is indicated by the low concentration of dissolved oxygen, high concentrations of nutrients, and the presence of hydrogen sulfide in many of the water samples. Low levels of dissolved oxygen indicate oxic respiration, and sulfate reduction is indicated by hydrogen sulfide.</p><p>The amount of dissolved inorganic carbon released during organic-matter oxidation is nearly equivalent to the amount of carbonate-mineral dissolution. Organic-matter oxidation and carbonate-mineral dissolution seem to be most active either in the unsaturated zone or near the top of the water table. The most plausible explanation is that high amounts of oxic respiration in the unsaturated zone generate carbon dioxide, which causes carbonate minerals to dissolve. Ground water contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons had the highest levels of mineral dissolution and organic respiration (including sulfate reduction), indicating that bacteria are oxidizing the contaminants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command and Kwajalein Atoll","usgsCitation":"Tribble, G.W., 1997, Ground-water geochemistry of Kwajalein Island, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4184, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974184.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13740,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri97-4184/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4184.jpg"},{"id":423717,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48796.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Republic of the Marshall Islands","otherGeospatial":"Kwajalein Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              167.7501676541347,\n              8.752931269472086\n            ],\n            [\n              167.7108960298047,\n              8.752931269472086\n            ],\n            [\n              167.7108960298047,\n              8.711270536976187\n            ],\n            [\n              167.7501676541347,\n              8.711270536976187\n            ],\n            [\n              167.7501676541347,\n              8.752931269472086\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b30e4b07f02db6b40a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tribble, Gordon W. gtribble@usgs.gov","contributorId":2643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tribble","given":"Gordon","email":"gtribble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23300,"text":"ofr97696 - 1997 - Landslides triggered by the April 1997, tropical storms in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr97696","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-696","title":"Landslides triggered by the April 1997, tropical storms in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97696","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., and Savage, W.Z., 1997, Landslides triggered by the April 1997, tropical storms in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-696, 10 p., [1] folded leaf of plates :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97696.","productDescription":"10 p., [1] folded leaf of plates :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0696/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0696/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23537,"text":"ofr97265 - 1997 - Alaska resource data file: Chandler Lake quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-03T20:01:52.094667","indexId":"ofr97265","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-265","title":"Alaska resource data file: Chandler Lake quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97265","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Chandler Lake quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-265, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97265.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0265/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":405564,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37195.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1614,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0265/ofr97265.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chandler Lake quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              68\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23538,"text":"ofr97266 - 1997 - Alaska resource data file: Killik River quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T21:03:19.77814","indexId":"ofr97266","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-266","title":"Alaska resource data file: Killik River quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97266","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K.D., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Killik River quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-266, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97266.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52826,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0266/ofr19970266.pdf","text":"Report","size":"212 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405609,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37196.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0266/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Killik River quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              69\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809 kdkelley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":179012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27866,"text":"wri974182 - 1997 - Evaluation of bridge-scour data at selected sites in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri974182","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4182","title":"Evaluation of bridge-scour data at selected sites in Ohio","docAbstract":"Scour data collected during 1989-94 were evaluated to determine whether pier scour and contraction scour occurred at 22 bridge sites in Ohio. Pier-scour depths computed from selected pier-scour prediction equations were compared with measured pier-scour depths, and the accuracy of the prediction equations were evaluated. Observed pier-scour relations were compared to relations developed through laboratory research. Mean streambed elevations were evaluated to determine the depth of contraction scour. Channel stability was assessed by use of mean streambed elevations at the approach section. Ground-penetrating radar was used at all sites to investigate the presence of historical scour.\r\n\r\nPier scour was observed in 45 of 47 scour measurements made during floods; 84 cases of pier scour were documented, 83 at solid-wall piers and 1 at a capped-pile type pier. Estimated recurrence intervals for 27 of the 35 measured streamflows, all on unregulated streams, were less than 2 years. Seventeen pier-scour prediction equations were evaluated. The Froehlich Design equation was found to most closely meet the 'best design equation' criteria for all 84 cases of the observed data. The Larras equation was found to be the best design equation for the observed data where approach-flow attack angles were 10 degrees or less.\r\n\r\nObserved pier-scour depths and flow depths ranged from 0.5 to 6.1 feet and 3.0 to 19.8 feet, respectively. All pier-scour depths were less than 2.4 times the corresponding pier width. Selected factors were normalized by dividing by effective pier width. LOWESS curves were developed using the 84 cases of observed pier scour. Normalized scour depth increased with normalized flow depth; however, the rate of increase appeared to lessen as normalized flow depth exceeded 2.5. Normalized scour depths increased rapidly as flow intensity approached the threshold value of 1 and then decreased as flow intensities exceeded this threshold. Normalized scour depth was found to increase with Froude number, and a steeper slope was evident for Froude numbers exceeding 0.2. Normalized scour depth was found to increase with median grain size up to about 10 millimeters for bed material near the pier, then decrease for median grain sizes greater than 10 millimeters. Normalized scour depth was also found to decrease as sediment gradation of bed material near the pier increased. The observed pier-scour relations determined from the field measurements tend to support conclusions by previous researchers of streambed scour, except for the previous finding that normalized scour depth decreases consistently with increasing median grain size. Possible factors that may have influenced the observed trends in the relation between normalized scour depth and median grain size in this study are cohesion and scour measurements made at nonequilibrium conditions. LOWESS curves were developed for 45 of 84 cases of observed pier scour where approach-flow attack angles were less than or equal to 10 degrees. These curves were visually compared to LOWESS curves developed from all observations of pier scour. For three relations, differences in the trends of the LOWESS curves were of sufficient magnitude to warrant discussion.\r\n\r\nContraction scour was observed in 4 of the 47 scour measurements and ranged from 0.8 to2.3 feet in depth. Analysis of annual mean streambed approach-section elevations indicated that approach sections were generally stable at 18 of the 22 sites. Ground-penetrating radar, a geophysical method that enables subsurface exploration of the streambed when conditions are favorable, was used at all sites to determine whether historical scour had occurred. Results of the ground-penetrating radar surveys at 20 sites in 1990 indicated the presence of historical scour surfaces at 5 sites. At four of the five sites showing evidence of possible historical scour, differences between the estimated depth of historical scour and the maximum observed scour were w","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Branch of Information Services, [distributor,","doi":"10.3133/wri974182","usgsCitation":"Jackson, K., 1997, Evaluation of bridge-scour data at selected sites in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4182, x, 84 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974182.","productDescription":"x, 84 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56690,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, K.S.","contributorId":59484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25677,"text":"wri974171 - 1997 - Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"wri974171","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4171","title":"Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"Ground-water contaminant plumes that are flowing toward or currently discharging to wetland areas present unique remediation problems because of the hydrologic connections between ground water and surface water and the sensitive habitats in wetlands. Because wetlands typically have a large diversity of microorganisms and redox conditions that could enhance biodegradation, they are ideal environments for natural attenuation of organic contaminants, which is a treatment method that would leave the ecosystem largely undisturbed and be cost effective. During 1992-97, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated the natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in a contaminant plume that discharges from a sand aquifer to a freshwater tidal wetland along the West Branch Canal Creek at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Characterization of the hydrogeology and geochemistry along flowpaths in the wetland area and determination of the occurrence and rates of biodegradation and sorption show that natural attenuation could be a feasible remediation method for the contaminant plume that extends along the West Branch Canal Creek. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974171","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., Olsen, L., Smith, B.L., Johnson, M.A., and Fleck, W.B., 1997, Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4171, x, 95 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974171.","productDescription":"x, 95 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4171.jpg"},{"id":1809,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri97-4171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Barrett L.","contributorId":16450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Barrett","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Mark A. majohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Mark","email":"majohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleck, William B.","contributorId":17587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":25931,"text":"wri974183 - 1997 - Stratigraphy of the unsaturated zone and the Snake River Plain Aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri974183","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4183","title":"Stratigraphy of the unsaturated zone and the Snake River Plain Aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distribution],","doi":"10.3133/wri974183","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.R., and Liszewski, M.J., 1997, Stratigraphy of the unsaturated zone and the Snake River Plain Aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4183, v, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974183.","productDescription":"v, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a552a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, S. R.","contributorId":93518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liszewski, M. J.","contributorId":107308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liszewski","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32031,"text":"ofr97707 - 1997 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Halifax, Scottsburg, Nathalie, and Conner Lake 7.5-minute quadrangles, Halifax and Charlotte counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:10","indexId":"ofr97707","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-707","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Halifax, Scottsburg, Nathalie, and Conner Lake 7.5-minute quadrangles, Halifax and Charlotte counties, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97707","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.E., and Nelson, F., 1997, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Halifax, Scottsburg, Nathalie, and Conner Lake 7.5-minute quadrangles, Halifax and Charlotte counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-707, 16 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:48,000 (1 inch = 4,000 feet). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97707.","productDescription":"16 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:48,000 (1 inch = 4,000 feet). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0707/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60190,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0707/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0707/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db642210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A. E.","contributorId":73219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, F.J.","contributorId":105590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23517,"text":"ofr97720 - 1997 - Fire-induced water-repellent soils, an annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr97720","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-720","title":"Fire-induced water-repellent soils, an annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"The development and nature of water-repellent, or hydrophobic, soils are important issues in evaluating hillslope response to fire. The following annotated bibliography was compiled to consolidate existing published research on the topic. Emphasis was placed on the types, causes, effects and measurement techniques of water repellency, particularly with respect to wildfires and prescribed burns. Each annotation includes a general summary of the respective publication, as well as highlights of interest to this focus. Although some references on the development of water repellency without fires, the chemistry of hydrophobic substances, and remediation of water-repellent conditions are included, coverage of these topics is not intended to be comprehensive. To develop this database, the GeoRef, Agricola, and Water Resources Abstracts databases were searched for appropriate references, and the bibliographies of each reference were then reviewed for additional entries. Additional references will be added to this bibliography as they become available. The annotated bibliography can be accessed on the Web at http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/html_files/landslides/ofr97-720/biblio.html. A database consisting of the references and keywords is available through a link at the above address. This database was compiled using EndNote2 plus software by Niles and Associates, and is necessary to search the database.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97720","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kalendovsky, M., and Cannon, S., 1997, Fire-induced water-repellent soils, an annotated bibliography (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-720, 41 p. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97720.","productDescription":"41 p. ; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1585,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/720/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef520","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalendovsky, M.A.","contributorId":28625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalendovsky","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22689,"text":"ofr97700 - 1997 - Age and paleomagnetism of basaltic lava flows in corehole ANL-OBS-AQ-014 at Argonne National Laboratory-West, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr97700","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-700","title":"Age and paleomagnetism of basaltic lava flows in corehole ANL-OBS-AQ-014 at Argonne National Laboratory-West, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97700","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Champion, D., and Lanphere, M.A., 1997, Age and paleomagnetism of basaltic lava flows in corehole ANL-OBS-AQ-014 at Argonne National Laboratory-West, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-700, 34 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97700.","productDescription":"34 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0700/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52151,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0700/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db6898de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23038,"text":"ofr97742 - 1997 - Analysis of errors in HEM bird calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr97742","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-742","title":"Analysis of errors in HEM bird calibration","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-file Reports Section [distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97742","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D., 1997, Analysis of errors in HEM bird calibration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-742, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97742.","productDescription":"28 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0742/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0742/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68059c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21568,"text":"ofr97640 - 1997 - Activities of the United States Geological Survey in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T14:14:22","indexId":"ofr97640","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-640","title":"Activities of the United States Geological Survey in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Since the late 1800's, when the U.S. Geological Survey first established a presence in Pennsylvania, the focus of our work has changed from general hydrologic and geologic appraisals to issue-oriented investigations; from predominantly data collection to a balanced program of data collection, interpretation, and research; and from traditional, hand-drawn mapping to digitally produced coverages with specialized themes. Yet our basic mission has not changed. It is as relevant to the resource issues of today as it was when our geologists first arrived in western Pennsylvania in 1884. Continuing in this proud heritage and tradition, the U.S. Geological Survey is moving confidently toward the next century, evolving organizationally and technologically to better meet the needs of our many constituencies. One major organizational change is the recent accession of employees from the former National Biological Service, who now form the Survey's fourth program division, the Biological Resources Division. These employees join forces with colleagues in our other three divisions: Water Resources, Geologic, and National Mapping. More than any other change in decades, the addition of this biological expertise creates new and exciting opportunities for scientific research and public service. This report provides an overview of recent activities in Pennsylvania conducted by the four program divisions and is intended to inform those interested in U.S. Geological Survey products and services. Additional information is available on our home page (at http://wwwpah2o.er.usgs.gov/). Together with numerous Federal, State, and local agencies and organizations who are our customers and partners, we at the U.S. Geological Survey look forward to providing continued scientific contributions and public service to Pennsylvania and the Nation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97640","usgsCitation":"Wood, C.R., 1997, Activities of the United States Geological Survey in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-640, 32 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97640.","productDescription":"32 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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,{"id":21567,"text":"ofr97691 - 1997 - Active tectonic deformation at the eastern margin of the California Coast Ranges; results of the BASIX and CALCRUST programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:41","indexId":"ofr97691","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-691","title":"Active tectonic deformation at the eastern margin of the California Coast Ranges; results of the BASIX and CALCRUST programs","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97691","usgsCitation":"Weber-Band, J., Williams, P.L., Jones, D.L., Johnson, P., and McEvilly, T., 1997, Active tectonic deformation at the eastern margin of the California Coast Ranges; results of the BASIX and CALCRUST programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-691, 17 p. : ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97691.","productDescription":"17 p. : ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0691/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51154,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0691/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber-Band, Janine","contributorId":100418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber-Band","given":"Janine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, P. L.","contributorId":79109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, P.S.","contributorId":60254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEvilly, T.V.","contributorId":30631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEvilly","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":21580,"text":"ofr97743A - 1997 - Analytical data of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the Buckstock Mountains and surrounding areas, Sleetmute Quadrangle, southwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:41","indexId":"ofr97743A","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-743","chapter":"A","title":"Analytical data of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the Buckstock Mountains and surrounding areas, Sleetmute Quadrangle, southwest Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97743A","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Theodorakos, P.M., Lee, G.K., Hageman, P., and Sutley, S.J., 1997, Analytical data of stream-sediment and heavy-mineral-concentrate samples collected from the Buckstock Mountains and surrounding areas, Sleetmute Quadrangle, southwest Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-743, 147 leaves (1 folded) :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97743A.","productDescription":"147 leaves (1 folded) :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0743a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51164,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0743a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f9eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theodorakos, P. M.","contributorId":12500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, G. K.","contributorId":76722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hageman, P.  L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":27459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P.  L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":24177,"text":"ofr97725 - 1997 - Potential-field geophysical software for the PC, version 2.2","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49629,"text":"ofr9218 - 1992 - U.S. Geological Survey potential-field geophysical software version 2.0","indexId":"ofr9218","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey potential-field geophysical software version 2.0"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":24177,"text":"ofr97725 - 1997 - Potential-field geophysical software for the PC, version 2.2","indexId":"ofr97725","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Potential-field geophysical software for the PC, version 2.2"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T12:16:26.622457","indexId":"ofr97725","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-725","title":"Potential-field geophysical software for the PC, version 2.2","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97725","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J.D., 1997, Potential-field geophysical software for the PC, version 2.2 (Version 2.2.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-725, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97725.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425629,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0725/readme22.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"4.00 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":53322,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0725/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0725/pfofr.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0725/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425628,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0725/ofr970725.zip","size":"22.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"edition":"Version 2.2.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":191453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28621,"text":"wri974191 - 1997 - Subsurface flow and water yield from watersheds tributary to Eagle Valley hydrographic area, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri974191","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4191","title":"Subsurface flow and water yield from watersheds tributary to Eagle Valley hydrographic area, west-central Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974191","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., and Berger, D., 1997, Subsurface flow and water yield from watersheds tributary to Eagle Valley hydrographic area, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4191, iv, 56 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [PGS - 57 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974191.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [PGS - 57 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57452,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, D. K.","contributorId":37757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, D.L.","contributorId":106904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23829,"text":"ofr97701 - 1997 - Uranium resources/reserves lecture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr97701","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-701","title":"Uranium resources/reserves lecture","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services, distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97701","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"McCammon, R., 1997, Uranium resources/reserves lecture: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-701, 38 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97701.","productDescription":"38 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0701/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53040,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0701/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60539a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21845,"text":"ofr97698 - 1997 - Global positioning system measurements on the island of Hawaii, 1993 through 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr97698","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-698","title":"Global positioning system measurements on the island of Hawaii, 1993 through 1996","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97698","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Miklius, A., Coloma, F., Denlinger, R., Lisowski, M., Owen, S., Sako, M., and Segall, P., 1997, Global positioning system measurements on the island of Hawaii, 1993 through 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-698, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97698.","productDescription":"114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0698/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51329,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0698/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db6749a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coloma, Francine","contributorId":15649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coloma","given":"Francine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owen, Susan","contributorId":29004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sako, M. K.","contributorId":50152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"M. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Segall, Paul","contributorId":75942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segall","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":24129,"text":"ofr97719 - 1997 - Preliminary analysis of landslides triggered by the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake in the Santa Susana quadrangle, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr97719","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-719","title":"Preliminary analysis of landslides triggered by the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake in the Santa Susana quadrangle, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\n[Books and Open-File Reports Section, distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97719","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Parise, M., and Jibson, R., 1997, Preliminary analysis of landslides triggered by the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake in the Santa Susana quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-719, 12 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97719.","productDescription":"12 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0719/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53283,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0719/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67caaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parise, Mario","contributorId":94689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parise","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3867,"text":"cir1131 - 1997 - Classification and Mapping of Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"cir1131","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1131","title":"Classification and Mapping of Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment","docAbstract":"Agricultural land use is one of the most important influences on water quality at national and regional scales. Although there is great diversity in the character of agricultural land, variations follow regional patterns that are influenced by environmental setting and economics. These regional patterns can be characterized by the distribution of crops. A new approach to classifying and mapping agricultural land use for national water-quality assessment was developed by combining information on general land-use distribution with information on crop patterns from agricultural census data. Separate classification systems were developed for row crops and for orchards, vineyards, and nurseries. These two general categories of agricultural land are distinguished from each other in the land-use classification system used in the U.S. Geological Survey national Land Use and Land Cover database.\r\n\r\nClassification of cropland was based on the areal extent of crops harvested. The acreage of each crop in each county was divided by total row-crop area or total orchard, vineyard, and nursery area, as appropriate, thus normalizing the crop data and making the classification independent of total cropland area. The classification system was developed using simple percentage criteria to define combinations of 1 to 3 crops that account for 50 percent or more or harvested acreage in a county. The classification system consists of 21 level I categories and 46 level II subcategories for row crops, and 26 level I categories and 19 level II subcategories for orchards, vineyards, and nurseries. All counties in the United States with reported harvested acreage are classified in these categories. The distribution of agricultural land within each county, however, must be evaluated on the basis of general land-use data. This can be done at the national scale using 'Major Land Uses of the United States,' at the regional scale using data from the national Land Use and Land Cover database, or at smaller scales using locally available data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/cir1131","isbn":"0607868090","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., and Thelin, G.P., 1997, Classification and Mapping of Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1131, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1131.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1131.bmp"},{"id":14631,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thelin, Gail P.","contributorId":75178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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