Catchment-scale intensive and extensive research conducted over the last decade shows that our understanding of the biogeochemical and hydrologic processes in subalpine and alpine basins is not yet sufficiently mature to model and predict how biogeochemical transformations and surface water quality will change in response to climatic or human-driven changes in energy, water, and chemicals. A better understanding of these processes is needed for input to decision-making regulatory agencies and federal land managers. In recognition of this problem the National Research Council [1998] has identified as a critical research need an improved understanding of how global change will affect biogeochemical interactions with the hydrologic cycle and biogeochemical controls over the transport of water, nutrients, and materials from land to freshwater ecosystems. Improved knowledge of alpine and subalpine ecosystems is particularly important since high-elevation catchments are very sensitive to small changes in the flux of energy, chemicals, and water. Furthermore, alpine ecosystems may act as early warning indicators for ecosystem changes at lower elevations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900293","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., and Williams, M.W., 2000, Preface [to special section on recent Loch Vale Watershed research]: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 11-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900293.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Mark W.","contributorId":43046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022140,"text":"70022140 - 2000 - Water movement through a thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the western Mojave Desert, southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T08:48:29","indexId":"70022140","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water movement through a thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the western Mojave Desert, southern California, USA","docAbstract":"Previous studies indicated that small amounts of recharge occur as infiltration of intermittent streamflow in washes in the upper Mojave River basin, in the western Mojave Desert, near Victorville, California. These washes flow only a few days each year after large storms. To reach the water table, water must pass through an unsaturated zone that is more than 130 m thick. Results of this study, done in 1994–1998, show that infiltration to depths below the root zone did not occur at control sites away from the wash. At these sites, volumetric water contents were as low as 0.01 and water potentials (measured as the combination of solute and matric potentials using a water activity meter) were as negative as −14,000 kPa. Water-vapor movement was controlled by highly negative solute potentials associated with the accumulation of soluble salts in the unsaturated zone. Highly negative matric potentials above and below the zone of maximum solute accumulation result from movement of water vapor toward the highly negative solute potentials at that depth. The δ18O and δD (delta oxygen-18 and delta deuterium) isotopic composition of water in coarse-grained deposits plots along a Rayleigh distillation line consistent with removal of water in coarse-grained layers by vapor transport. Beneath Oro Grande Wash, water moved to depths below the root zone and, presumably, to the water table about 130 m below land surface. Underneath Oro Grande Wash, volumetric water contents were as high as 0.27 and water potentials (measured as matric potential using tensiometers) were between −1.8 and −50 kPa. On the basis of tritium data, water requires at least 180–260 years to infiltrate to the water table. Clay layers impede the downward movement of water. Seasonal changes in water vapor composition underneath the wash are consistent with the rapid infiltration of a small quantity of water to great depths and subsequent equilibration of vapor with water in the surrounding material. It may be possible to supplement natural recharge from the wash with imported water. Recharge to the wash may be advantageous because the unsaturated zone is not as dry as most areas in the desert and concentrations of soluble salts are generally lower underneath the wash.
Floodplain plant–herbivore–hydroperiod interactions have received little attention despite their potential as determinants of floodplain structure and functioning. We used five types of exclosures to differentially exclude small-, medium-, and large-sized mammals from accessing Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. wizlizenii (Watson) Eckenwalder) seedlings and saplings growing naturally on four landform types at an alluvial reach on each of two rivers, the Green and Yampa, in Colorado and Utah. The two study reaches differed primarily as a result of flow regulation on the Green River, which began in 1962. Landforms were a rarely flooded portion of the alluvial plain, geomorphically active slow- and fast-water channel margin sites on the Yampa reach, and an aggrading side channel on the Green. Small-mammal live-trapping and observational data indicated that, with minor exceptions, the kinds of mammals eating cottonwood within each reach were identical. We monitored condition and fates of individual cottonwood plants from October 1993 through the 1997 growing season. Differences in survival and growth were noted both within and between reaches, and both due to, and independent of, mammalian herbivory. Comparisons of cottonwood growth and survivorship among exclosures and between exclosures and controls indicated that a small mammal, Microtus montanus, reduced seedling and sapling survivorship at the Green River reach, but to a lesser extent (seedlings) or not at all (saplings) on the Yampa reach. In contrast, reductions in sapling height increment attributable to medium- and large-sized herbivores were detected only at the Yampa site. We suggest that these differences are a result of (1) flow regulation allowing Microtus populations to escape the mortality normally accompanying the large, snowmelt-driven spring flood, as well as regulation promoting a herbaceous understory favorable to voles, and (2) greater browsing pressure from overwintering deer and elk at the Yampa reach, unrelated to flow regulation. Within areas used by foraging beaver, the probability of a sapling being cut by beaver was similar on the two reaches. This study suggests that changes in riparian plant–herbivore relationships due to shifts in river hydrology may be a common and important consequence of river regulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1384:PHHIEO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Cooper, D., 2000, Plant-herbivore-hydroperiod interactions: effects of native mammals on floodplain tree recruitment: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1384-1399, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1384:PHHIEO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1384","endPage":"1399","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68507b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, D.J.","contributorId":89489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022093,"text":"70022093 - 2000 - Microbial populations in contaminant plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T06:06:14","indexId":"70022093","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial populations in contaminant plumes","docAbstract":"Efficient biodegradation of subsurface contaminants requires two elements: (1) microbial populations with the necessary degradative capabilities, and (2) favorable subsurface geochemical and hydrological conditions. Practical constraints on experimental design and interpretation in both the hydrogeological and microbiological sciences have resulted in limited knowledge of the interaction between hydrogeological and microbiological features of subsurface environments. These practical constraints include: (1) inconsistencies between the scales of investigation in the hydrogeological and microbiological sciences, and (2) practical limitations on the ability to accurately define microbial populations in environmental samples. However, advances in application of small-scale sampling methods and interdisciplinary approaches to site investigations are beginning to significantly improve understanding of hydrogeological and microbiological interactions. Likewise, culture-based and molecular analyses of microbial populations in subsurface contaminant plumes have revealed significant adaptation of microbial populations to plume environmental conditions. Results of recent studies suggest that variability in subsurface geochemical and hydrological conditions significantly influences subsurface microbial-community structure. Combined investigations of site conditions and microbial-community structure provide the knowledge needed to understand interactions between subsurface microbial populations, plume geochemistry, and contaminant biodegradation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400050008","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Haack, S., and Bekins, B., 2000, Microbial populations in contaminant plumes: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050008.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5658e4b0c8380cd6d519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015345,"text":"1015345 - 2000 - Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T16:58:37","indexId":"1015345","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","docAbstract":"High‐altitude watersheds in the Front Range of Colorado show symptoms of advanced stages of nitrogen excess, despite having less nitrogen in atmospheric deposition than other regions where watersheds retain nitrogen. In two alpine/subalpine subbasins of the Loch Vale watershed, atmospheric deposition of NO3− plus NH4+ was 3.2–5.5 kg N ha−1, and watershed export was 1.8–3.9 kg N ha−1 for water years 1992–1997. Annual N export increased in years with greater input of N, but most of the additional N was retained in the watershed, indicating that parts of the ecosystem are nitrogen‐limited. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were greatest in subsurface water of talus landscapes, where mineralization and nitrification augment high rates of atmospheric deposition of N. Tundra landscapes had moderately high DIN concentrations, whereas forest and wetland landscapes had low concentrations, indicating little export of nitrogen from these landscapes. Between the two subbasins the catchment of Icy Brook had greater retention of nitrogen than that of Andrews Creek because of landscape and hydrologic characteristics that favor greater N assimilation in both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These results suggest that export of N from alpine/subalpine watersheds is caused by a combination of direct flushing of N from atmospheric deposition and release of N from ecosystem biogeochemical processes (N cycling). Sensitivity of alpine ecosystems in the western United States to atmospheric deposition of N is a function of landscape heterogeneity, hydrologic flow paths, and climatic extremes that limit primary productivity and microbial activity, which, in turn, control retention and release of nitrogen. Conceptual and mechanistic models of N excess that have been developed for forested ecosystems need to be modified in order to predict the response of alpine ecosystems to future changes in climate and atmospheric deposition of N.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900283","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Baron, J., Tonnessen, K.A., Brooks, P.D., and Schuster, P.F., 2000, Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 37-47, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900283.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900283","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6866aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":322957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonnessen, Kathy A.","contributorId":9588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Paul D.","contributorId":139471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12566,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Unviersity of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022152,"text":"70022152 - 2000 - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography procedures for the detection of cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T06:10:15","indexId":"70022152","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography procedures for the detection of cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples","docAbstract":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data from surface water reconnaissance were compared to data from samples analyzed by gas chromatography for the pesticide residues cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile ) and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide). When ELISA analyses were duplicated, cyanazine and metolachlor detection was found to have highly reproducible results; adjusted R2s were 0.97 and 0.94, respectively. When ELISA results for cyanazine were regressed against gas chromatography results, the models effectively predicted cyanazine concentrations from ELISA analyses (adjusted R2s ranging from 0.76 to 0.81). The intercepts and slopes for these models were not different from 0 and 1, respectively. This indicates that cyanazine analysis by ELISA is expected to give the same results as analysis by gas chromatography. However, regressing ELISA analyses for metolachlor against gas chromatography data provided more variable results (adjusted R2s ranged from 0.67 to 0.94). Regression models for metolachlor analyses had two of three intercepts that were not different from 0. Slopes for all metolachlor regression models were significantly different from 1. This indicates that as metolachlor concentrations increase, ELISA will over- or under-estimate metolachlor concentration, depending on the method of comparison. ELISA can be effectively used to detect cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples. However, when detections of metolachlor have significant consequences or implications it may be necessary to use other analytical methods.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf991130y","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Schraer, S., Shaw, D., Boyette, M., Coupe, R., and Thurman, E., 2000, Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography procedures for the detection of cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 48, no. 12, p. 5881-5886, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991130y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5881","endPage":"5886","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf991130y"}],"volume":"48","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f85ee4b0c8380cd4d06c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schraer, S.M.","contributorId":59975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schraer","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, D.R.","contributorId":12041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyette, M.","contributorId":14142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyette","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022102,"text":"70022102 - 2000 - Modeling the influence of variable pH on the transport of zinc in a contaminated aquifer using semiempirical surface complexation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:40:55","indexId":"70022102","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the influence of variable pH on the transport of zinc in a contaminated aquifer using semiempirical surface complexation models","docAbstract":"Land disposal of sewage effluent resulted in contamination of a sand and gravel aquifer (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) with zinc (Zn). The distribution of Zn was controlled by pH‐dependent adsorption; the Zn extended 15 m into the 30‐m‐thick sewage plume within approximately 100 m of the source but only 2–4 m into the plume between 100 and 400 m downgradient. A two‐dimensional vertical cross section model coupling groundwater flow with solute transport and equilibrium adsorption is used to simulate the influence of pH on Zn transport. Adsorption is described using semiempirical surface complexation models (SCM) by writing chemical reactions between dissolved Zn and mineral surface sites. SCM parameters were determined in independent laboratory experiments. A 59‐year simulation with a one‐site SCM describes the influence of pH on Zn transport well, with greater mobility at the low pH values near the upper sewage plume boundary than at the higher pH values deeper in the sewage‐contaminated zone. Simulation with a two‐site SCM describes both the sharpness and approximate location of the leading edge of the Zn‐contaminated region. Temporal variations in pH of incoming groundwater can result in large increases in Zn concentration and mobility. The influence of spatial and temporal variability in pH on adsorption and transport of Zn was accomplished much more easily with the semiempirical SCM approach than could be achieved with distribution coefficients or adsorption isotherms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900244","usgsCitation":"Kent, D., Abrams, R., Davis, J., Coston, J., and LeBlanc, D., 2000, Modeling the influence of variable pH on the transport of zinc in a contaminated aquifer using semiempirical surface complexation models: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 12, p. 3411-3425, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900244.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3411","endPage":"3425","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c49e4b0c8380cd6fb83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrams, R.H.","contributorId":48325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022141,"text":"70022141 - 2000 - Ictalurid populations in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in a midwestern warmwater stream with emphasis on the threatened Neosho madtom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T13:54:11","indexId":"70022141","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ictalurid populations in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in a midwestern warmwater stream with emphasis on the threatened Neosho madtom","docAbstract":"Ictalurid populations, including those of the Neosho madtom Noturus placidus, have been monitored in the Neosho River basin since the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the Neosho madtom as threatened in 1991. The Neosho madtom presently occurs only in the Neosho River basin, whose hydrologic regime, physical habitat, and water quality have been altered by the construction and operation of reservoirs. Our objective was to assess changes in ictalurid densities, habitat, water quality, and hydrology in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in the Neosho River basin. Study sites were characterized using habitat quality as measured by substrate size, water quality as measured by standard physicochemical measures, and indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) as calculated from stream gauge information from the U.S. Geological Survey. Site estimates of ictalurid densities were collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service annually from 1991 to 1998, with the exception of 1993. Water quality and habitat measurements documented reduced turbidity and altered substrate composition in the Neosho River basin below John Redmond Dam. The effects of the dam on flow were indicated by changes in the short- and long-term minimum and maximum flows. Positive correlations between observed Neosho madtom densities and increases in minimum flow suggest that increased minimum flows could be used to enhance Neosho madtom populations. Positive correlations between Neosho madtom densities and increased flows in the winter and spring months as well as the date of the 1-d annual minimum flow indicate the potential importance of the timing of increased flows to Neosho madtoms. Because of the positive relationships that we found between the densities of Neosho madtoms and those of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, stonecats Noturus flavus, and other catfishes, alterations in flow that benefit Neosho madtom populations will probably benefit other members of the benthic fish community of the Neosho River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1264:IPIRTT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M., Tabor, V., Whitaker, J., Allert, A., Mulhern, D., Lamberson, P.J., and Powell, K., 2000, Ictalurid populations in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in a midwestern warmwater stream with emphasis on the threatened Neosho madtom: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 6, p. 1264-1280, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1264:IPIRTT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1280","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River, Neosho River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 35.89795019335754\n ],\n [\n -97.547607421875,\n 37.06394430056685\n ],\n [\n -98.887939453125,\n 39.08743603215884\n ],\n [\n -95.64697265625,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3805e4b0c8380cd613a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabor, V.M.","contributorId":89300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitaker, J.E.","contributorId":14596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitaker","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mulhern, D.W.","contributorId":59979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulhern","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lamberson, Peter J.","contributorId":20932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powell, K.L.","contributorId":107873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022040,"text":"70022040 - 2000 - Bioavailability of particle-associated Se to the bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:46:00","indexId":"70022040","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability of particle-associated Se to the bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis","docAbstract":"Elemental selenium, Se(0), is a prevalent chemical form in sediments, but little is known about its bioavailability. We evaluated the bioavailability of two forms of Se(0) by generating radioisotopic 75Se(0) through bacterial dissimilatory reduction of 75SeO32- by pure bacterial cultures (SES) and by an anaerobic sediment microbial consortium (SED). A third form was generated by reducing 75SeO32- with ascorbic acid (AA). Speciation determinations showed that AA and SES were >90% Se(0), but SED showed a mixture of Se(0), selenoanions, and a residual fraction. Pulse-chase techniques were used to measure assimilation efficiencies (AE) of these particulate Se forms by the bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis. Mean AE values were 3 ± 2% for AA, 7 ± 1% for SES, and 28 ± 15% for SED, showing that the bioavailability of reduced, particle-associated Se is dependent upon its origin. To determine if oxidative microbial processes increased Se transfer, SES 75Se(0) was incubated with an aerobic sediment microbial consortium. After 113 d of incubation, 36% of SES Se(0) was oxidized to SeO32-. Assimilation of total particulate Se was unaffected however (mean AE = 5.5%). The mean AE from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was 58 ± 8%, verifying the importance of Se associated with biogenic particles. Speciation and AE results from SED suggest that selenoanion reduction in wetlands and estuaries produces biologically available reduced selenium.
Stable isotope studies of sulfate minerals are especially useful for unraveling the geochemical history of geological systems. All sulfate minerals can yield sulfur and oxygen isotope data. Hydrous sulfate minerals, such as gypsum, also yield oxygen and hydrogen isotope data for the water of hydration, and more complex sulfate minerals, such as alunite and jarosite also yield oxygen and hydrogen isotope data from hydroxyl sites. Applications of stable isotope data can be divided into two broad categories: geothermometry and tracer studies. The equilibrium partitioning of stable isotopes between two substances, such as the isotopes of sulfur between barite and pyrite, is a function of temperature. Studies can also use stable isotopes as a tracer to fingerprint various sources of hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and to identify physical and chemical processes such as evaporation of water, mixing of waters, and reduction of sulfate to sulfide.
Studies of sulfate minerals range from low-temperature surficial processes associated with the evaporation of seawater to form evaporite deposits to high-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal processes associated with the formation of base-and precious-metal deposits. Studies have been conducted on scales from submicroscopic chemical processes associated with the weathering of pyrite to global processes affecting the sulfur budget of the oceans. Sulfate isotope studies provide important information to investigations of energy and mineral resources, environmental geochemistry, paleoclimates, oceanography (past and present), sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes, Earth systems, geomicrobiology, and hydrology.
One of the most important aspects of understanding and interpreting the stable isotope characteristics of sulfate minerals is the complex interplay between equilibrium and kinetic chemical and isotopic processes. With few exceptions, sulfate minerals are precipitated from water or have extensively interacted with water at some time in their history. Because of this nearly ubiquitous association with water, the kinetics of isotopic exchange reactions among dissolved species and solids are fundamental in dictating the isotopic composition of sulfate minerals. In general, the heavier isotope of sulfur is enriched in the higher oxidation state, such that under equilibrium conditions, sulfate minerals (e.g. barite, anhydrite) are expected to be enriched in the heavy isotope relative to disulfide minerals (e.g. pyrite, marcasite), which in turn are expected to be enriched relative to monosulfide minerals (e.g. pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena) (Sakai 1968, Bachinski 1969). The kinetics of isotopic exchange among minerals with sulfur at the same oxidation state, such as sphalerite, and galena, are such that equilibrium is commonly observed. In contrast, isotopic equilibrium for exchange reactions between minerals of different oxidation states depends on factors such as the pH, time and temperature of reaction, the direction of reaction, fluid composition, and the presence or absence of catalysts (Ohmoto and Lasaga 1982). The kinetics of oxygen isotope exchange between dissolved sulfate and water are extremely sluggish. Extrapolation of the high-temperature (100 to 300°C) isotopic exchange kinetic data of Chiba and Sakai (1985) to ambient temperatures suggests that it would take several billions of years for dissolved sulfate and seawater to reach oxygen isotopic equilibrium. In contrast, the residence time of sulfate in the oceans is only 7.9 million years (Holland 1978). However, at higher temperatures (>200°C), oxygen isotopic exchange is sufficiently rapid to permit application of sulfate isotope geothermometry to geothermal systems and hydrothermal mineral deposits. In general, equilibrium prevails at low pH and high temperatures, whereas kinetic factors preclude equilibrium at low temperatures even at low pH. Thus, the sluggish kinetics of sulfur and oxygen isotope exchange reaction at low temperatures impair the use of these isotopes to understand the conditions of formation of sulfate minerals in these environments. However, because of these slow kinetics, the oxygen and sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfate minerals may preserve a record of the sources and processes that initially produced the dissolved sulfate, because the isotope ratios may not re-equilibrate during fluid transport and mineral precipitation.
The first part of this chapter is designed to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the principles that form the foundations of stable isotope geochemistry. Next, an overview of analytical methods used to determine the stable isotope composition of sulfate minerals is presented. This overview is followed by a discussion of geochemical processes that determine the stable isotope characteristics of sulfate minerals and related compounds. The chapter then concludes with an examination of the stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals in a variety of geochemical environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2000.40.12","issn":"15296466","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., Alpers, C.N., and Rye, R.O., 2000, Stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 40, no. 1, p. 541-602, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2000.40.12.","productDescription":"62 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"602","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b967fe4b08c986b31b54d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":149066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R. ","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022202,"text":"70022202 - 2000 - Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022202","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","docAbstract":"Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (A(s)) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [ln(A(s)/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (As) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [In(As/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 2000, Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 6, p. 987-1002, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A.","startPage":"987","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::aid-hyp980>3.0.co;2-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"id":230446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f2e4b0c8380cd4f9e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1002421,"text":"1002421 - 2000 - Climate change: Potential impacts and interactions in wetlands of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T15:48:00","indexId":"1002421","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change: Potential impacts and interactions in wetlands of the United States","docAbstract":"Wetlands exist in a transition zone between aquatic and terrestrial environments which can be altered by subtle changes in hydrology. Twentieth century climate records show that the United States is generally experiencing a trend towards a wetter, warmer climate; some climate models suggest that his trend will continue and possibly intensify over the next 100 years. Wetlands that are most likely to be affected by these and other potential changes (e.g., sea-level rise) associated with atmospheric carbon enrichment include permafrost wetlands, coastal and estuarine wetlands, peatlands, alpine wetlands, and prairie pothote wetlands. Potential impacts range from changes in community structure to changes in ecological function, and from extirpation to enhancement. Wetlands (particularly boreal peatlands) play an important role in the global carbon cycle, generally sequestering carbon in the form of biomass, methane, dissolved organic material and organic sediment. Wetlands that are drained or partially dried can become a net source of methane and carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, serving as a positive biotic feedback to global warming. Policy options for minimizing the adverse impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems include the reduction of current anthropogenic stresses, allowing for inland migration of coastal wetlands as sea-level rises, active management to preserve wetland hydrology, and a wide range of other management and restoration options.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04270.x","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V., and Kusler, J., 2000, Climate change: Potential impacts and interactions in wetlands of the United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 313-320, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04270.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"320","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de1e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusler, Jon","contributorId":113716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusler","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022063,"text":"70022063 - 2000 - Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022063","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output","docAbstract":"Daily rainfall and surface temperature series were simulated for the Animas River basin, Colorado using dynamically and statistically downscaled output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) re-analysis. A distributed hydrological model was then applied to the downscaled data. Relative to raw NCEP output, downscaled climate variables provided more realistic stimulations of basin scale hydrology. However, the results highlight the sensitivity of modeled processes to the choice of downscaling technique, and point to the need for caution when interpreting future hydrological scenarios.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL006078","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wilby, R., Hay, L., Gutowski, W., Arritt, R., Takle, E., Pan, Z., Leavesley, G., and Clark, M., 2000, Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1199-1202, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006078.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1202","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489175,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1129&context=ge_at_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006078"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36b0e4b0c8380cd6090b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilby, R.L.","contributorId":96043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J. Jr.","contributorId":48344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arritt, R.W.","contributorId":39544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arritt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takle, E.S.","contributorId":7033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takle","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pan, Z.","contributorId":13006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022137,"text":"70022137 - 2000 - Effects of asynchronous snowmelt on flushing of dissolved organic carbon: A mixing model approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T07:00:27","indexId":"70022137","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of asynchronous snowmelt on flushing of dissolved organic carbon: A mixing model approach","docAbstract":"In many snowmelt-dominated catchments, stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels typically increase rapidly as spring melt commences, peak before maximum discharge, and decrease quickly as melting continues. We present data from Deer Creek (Summit County, CO) that shows this distinctive flushing response of DOC during snowmelt runoff, with DOC stored in landscape soils flushed to the stream in response to infiltrating melt waters. Our prior studies show that asynchronous melting of the snowpack across the landscape causes the spring DOC flush to be initiated at different times throughout the catchment. In this study we quantify characteristics of the asynchronous melt and its effect on DOC flushing. We investigated whether a simple mixing model can be used to capture the essentials of the asynchronous melting of a seasonal snowpack and its controls on DOC transport. We divided the catchment into zones of aspect and elevation, which largely determine spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of snow. TOPMODEL was used to simulate the hydrology in each zone, and the simulated flow paths were routed through a simple DOC mixing model to predict contributions of DOC to the stream. The zonal responses were aggregated to give a predicted response of hydrology and DOC fluxes for the entire catchment. Our results indicate that asynchronous melting-which determines the timing of contributions of discharge and DOC to streamflow from different areas of the landscape-can be quantified using a simple modeling approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(20001230)14:18<3291::AID-HYP202>3.0.CO;2-2","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Boyer, E., Hornberger, G., Bencala, K., and McKnight, D.M., 2000, Effects of asynchronous snowmelt on flushing of dissolved organic carbon: A mixing model approach: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 18, p. 3291-3308, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(20001230)14:18<3291::AID-HYP202>3.0.CO;2-2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3291","endPage":"3308","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206766,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(20001230)14:18<3291::AID-HYP202>3.0.CO;2-2"}],"volume":"14","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0692e4b0c8380cd512f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.M.","contributorId":68463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022068,"text":"70022068 - 2000 - Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T14:55:25.903833","indexId":"70022068","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems","docAbstract":"The chloroethenes, tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are among the most common contaminants detected in groundwater systems. As recently as 1980, the consensus was that chloroethene compounds were not significantly biodegradable in groundwater. Consequently, efforts to remediate chloroethene-contaminated groundwater were limited to largely unsuccessful pump-and-treat attempts. Subsequent investigation revealed that under reducing conditions, aquifer microorganisms can reductively dechlorinate PCE and TCE to the less chlorinated daughter products dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Although recent laboratory studies conducted with halorespiring microorganisms suggest that complete reduction to ethene is possible, in the majority of groundwater systems reductive dechlorination apparently stops at DCE or VC. However, recent investigations conducted with aquifer and stream-bed sediments have demonstrated that microbial oxidation of these reduced daughter products can be significant under anaerobic redox conditions. The combination of reductive dechlorination of PCE and TCE under anaerobic conditions followed by anaerobic microbial oxidation of DCE and VC provides a possible microbial pathway for complete degradation of chloroethene contaminants in groundwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/s100400050011","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2000, Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 104-111, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a564ae4b0c8380cd6d4b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":204639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015326,"text":"1015326 - 2000 - Temporal coherence of two alpine lake basins of the Colorado Front Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:27:52","indexId":"1015326","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal coherence of two alpine lake basins of the Colorado Front Range, USA","docAbstract":"1. Knowledge of synchrony in trends is important to determining regional responses of lakes to disturbances such as atmospheric deposition and climate change. We explored the temporal coherence of physical and chemical characteristics of two series of mostly alpine lakes in nearby basins of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Using year-to-year variation over a 10-year period, we asked whether lakes more similar in exposure to the atmosphere be-haved more similarly than those with greater influence of catchment or in-lake processes.
2. The Green Lakes Valley and Loch Vale Watershed are steeply incised basins with strong altitudinal gradients. There are glaciers at the heads of each catchment. The eight lakes studied are small, shallow and typically ice-covered for more than half the year. Snowmelt is the dominant hydrological event each year, flushing about 70% of the annual discharge from each lake between April and mid-July. The lakes do not thermally stratify during the period of open water. Data from these lakes included surface water temper-ature, sulphate, nitrate, calcium, silica, bicarbonate alkalinity and conductivity.
3. Coherence was estimated by Pearson's correlation coefficient between lake pairs for each of the different variables. Despite close geographical proximity, there was not a strong direct signal from climatic or atmospheric conditions across all lakes in the study. Individual lake characteristics overwhelmed regional responses. Temporal coherence was higher for lakes within each basin than between basins and was highest for nearest neighbours.
4. Among the Green Lakes, conductivity, alkalinity and temperature were temporally coherent, suggesting that these lakes were sensitive to climate fluctuations. Water tem-perature is indicative of air temperature, and conductivity and alkalinity concentrations are indicative of dilution from the amount of precipitation flushed through by snowmelt.
5. In Loch Vale, calcium, conductivity, nitrate, sulphate and alkalinity were temporally coherent, while silica and temperature were not. This suggests that external influences are attenuated by internal catchment and lake processes in Loch Vale lakes. Calcium and sulphate are primarily weathering products, but sulphate derives both from deposition and from mineral weathering. Different proportions of snowmelt versus groundwater in different years could influence summer lake concentrations. Nitrate is elevated in lake waters from atmospheric deposition, but the internal dynamics of nitrate and silica may be controlled by lake food webs. Temperature is attenuated by inconsistently different climates across altitude and glacial meltwaters.
6. It appears that, while the lakes in the two basins are topographically close, geologically and morphologically similar, and often connected by streams, only some attributes are temporally coherent. Catchment and in-lake processes influenced temporal patterns, especially for temperature, alkalinity and silica. Montane lakes with high altitudinal gradients may be particularly prone to local controls compared to systems where coherence is more obvious.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00517.x","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., and Caine, N., 2000, Temporal coherence of two alpine lake basins of the Colorado Front Range, USA: Freshwater Biology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 463-476, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00517.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"476","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caine, N.","contributorId":34881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021951,"text":"70021951 - 2000 - Sources and haloacetic acid/trihalomethane formation potentials of aquatic humic substances in the Wakarusa River and Clinton Lake near Lawrence, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:56:52","indexId":"70021951","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and haloacetic acid/trihalomethane formation potentials of aquatic humic substances in the Wakarusa River and Clinton Lake near Lawrence, Kansas","docAbstract":"Gram quantities of aquatic humic substances (AHS) were extracted from the Wakarusa River−Clinton Lake Reservoir system, near Lawrence, KS, to support nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental studies, report concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and AHS, define sources of the AHS, and determine if the AHS yield sufficient quantities of haloacetic acids (HAA5) and trihalomethanes (THM4) that exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) in drinking water. AHS from the Wakarusa River and Clinton Lake originated from riparian forest vegetation, reflected respective effects of soil organic matter and aquatic algal/bacterial sources, and bore evidence of biological degradation and photodegradation. AHS from the Wakarusa River showed the effect of terrestrial sources, whereas Clinton Lake humic acid also reflected aquatic algal/bacterial sources. Greater amounts of carbon attributable to tannin-derived chemical structures may correspond with higher HAA5 and THM4 yields for Clinton Lake fulvic acid. Prior to appreciable leaf-fall from deciduous trees, the combined (humic and fulvic acid) THM4 formation potentials for the Wakarusa River approached the proposed EPA THM4 Stage I MCL of 80 μg/L, and the combined THM4 formation potential for Clinton Lake slightly exceeded the proposed THM4 Stage II MCL of 40 μg/L. Finally, AHS from Clinton Lake could account for most (>70%) of the THM4 concentrations in finished water from the Clinton Lake Water Treatment Plant based on September 23, 1996, THM4 results.
Cyanazine and two of its major metabolites, cyanazine amide and cyanazine acid, were measured at trace levels in groundwater using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC/APCI/MS). Solid-phase extraction was carried out by passing 20 mL of groundwater sample through a cartridge containing a polymeric phase (PLRP-s), with recoveries ranging from 99 to 108% (n = 5). Using LC/MS detection in positive ion mode, useful structural information was obtained by increasing the fragmentor voltage, thus permitting the unequivocal identification of these compounds in groundwater samples with low sample volumes. The fragmentation of the amide, carboxylic acid, and cyano group was observed for both metabolites and cyanazine, respectively, leading to a diagnostic ion at m/z 214. Method detection limits were in the range of 0.002−0.005 μg/L for the three compounds. Finally, the newly developed method was evaluated for the analysis of groundwater samples from New York containing the compounds under study and presents evidence that the metabolites, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine amide may leach to groundwater and serve as sources for deisopropylatrazine. The combination of on-line SPE and LC/APCI/MS represents an important advance in environmental analysis of herbicide metabolites in groundwater since it demonstrates that trace amounts of polar metabolites may be determined rapidly. Furthermore, the presence of both cyanazine amide and cyanazine acid indicate that another degradation product, deisopropylatrazine, may be occurring at depth because of the subsequent degradation of cyanazine.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es990462g","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., Thurman, E., and Barcelo, D., 2000, First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 714-718, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990462g.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"714","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba423e4b0849ce97dc79c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, Imma","contributorId":169362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrer","given":"Imma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25480,"text":"Univ of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barcelo, Damia","contributorId":189407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barcelo","given":"Damia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185676,"text":"70185676 - 2000 - Geochemical investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey on uranium mining, milling, and environmental restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T11:27:13","indexId":"70185676","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5338,"text":"Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey on uranium mining, milling, and environmental restoration","docAbstract":"Recent research by the U.S. Geological Survey has characterized contaminant sources and identified important geochemical processes that influence transport of radionuclides from uranium mining and milling wastes. 1) Selective extraction studies indicated that alkaline earth sulfates and hydrous ferric oxides are important hosts of 226Ra in uranium mill tailings. The action of sulfate-reducing and ironreducing bacteria on these phases was shown to enhance release of radium, and this adverse result may temper decisions to dispose of uranium mill tailings in anaerobic environments. 2) Field studies have shown that although surface-applied sewage sludge/wood chip amendments aid in revegetating pyritic spoil, the nitrogen in sludge leachate can enhance pyrite oxidation, acidification of groundwater, and the consequent mobilization of metals and radionuclides. 3) In a U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyfunded study, three permeable reactive barriers consisting of phosphate-rich material, zero-valent iron, or amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide have been installed at an abandoned uranium upgrader facility near Fry Canyon, UT. Preliminary results indicate that each of the permeable reactive barriers is removing the majority of the uranium from the groundwater. 4) Studies on the geochemistry of rare earth elements as analogues for actinides such as uranium and thorium in acid mine drainage environments indicate high mobility under acid-weathering conditions but measurable attenuation associated with iron and aluminum colloid formation. Mass balances from field and laboratory studies are being used to quantify the amount of attenuation. 5) A field study in Colorado demonstrated the use of 234U/238U isotopic ratio measurements to evaluate contamination of shallow groundwater with uranium mill effluent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00776028","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., Cravotta, C., Naftz, D.L., Verplanck, P.L., Nordstrom, D.K., and Zielinski, R.A., 2000, Geochemical investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey on uranium mining, milling, and environmental restoration: Technology, v. 7, no. 2-4, p. 381-396, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00776028.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"381","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Fry Canyon","volume":"7","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":178696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A. ","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70185677,"text":"70185677 - 2000 - Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T11:45:26","indexId":"70185677","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages","docAbstract":"Component additivity (CA) and generalised composite (GC) approaches to deriving a suitable surface complexation model for description of U(VI) adsorption to natural mineral assemblages are pursued in this paper with good success. A single, ferrihydrite-like component is found to reasonably describe uranyl uptake to a number of kaolinitic iron-rich natural substrates at pH > 4 in the CA approach with previously published information on nature of surface complexes, acid-base properties of surface sites and electrostatic effects used in the model. The GC approach, in which little pre-knowledge about generic surface sites is assumed, gives even better fits and would appear to be a method of particular strength for application in areas such as performance assessment provided the model is developed in a careful, stepwise manner with simplicity and goodness of fit as the major criteria for acceptance.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency ","doi":"10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.687","usgsCitation":"Waite, T., Davis, J., Fenton, B., and Payne, T., 2000, Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages: Radiochimica Acta, v. 88, p. 687-696, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.687.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"687","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenton, B.R.","contributorId":189879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenton","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180284,"text":"70180284 - 2000 - USGS investigations of rural Arizona watersheds; hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau; background and current status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T14:26:40","indexId":"70180284","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS investigations of rural Arizona watersheds; hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau; background and current status","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"First Coconino Plateau hydrology workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"First Coconino Plateau hydrology workshop","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bills, D., Flynn, M., and Woodhouse, B., 2000, USGS investigations of rural Arizona watersheds; hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau; background and current status, in First Coconino Plateau hydrology workshop, p. 23-27.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1978e4b0ad67323f97fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, M.E.","contributorId":67993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodhouse, Betsy","contributorId":92327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Betsy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185205,"text":"70185205 - 2000 - Preface – Groundwater and microbial processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T21:08:37.136534","indexId":"70185205","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface – Groundwater and microbial processes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s100400050002","usgsCitation":"Bekins, B., 2000, Preface – Groundwater and microbial processes: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 2-3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050002.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"3","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba424e4b0849ce97dc7a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bekins, Barbara 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":139407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185208,"text":"70185208 - 2000 - Microbial control of mineral–groundwater equilibria: Macroscale to microscale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:34:23","indexId":"70185208","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial control of mineral–groundwater equilibria: Macroscale to microscale","docAbstract":"Using field and laboratory experiments, the geomicrobiology of a petroleum-contaminated aquifer and the relationship between mineral alteration, groundwater chemistry, and microbial colonization were examined. Results indicate that indigenous microorganisms influence mineral weathering at two scales of interaction: macroscale processes that perturb general groundwater chemistry and therefore mineralwater equilibria; and microscale interactions, where attached organisms locally perturb mineral±water equilibria, potentially releasing limiting trace nutrients from the dissolving mineral.
In the contaminated unconfined glacio-fluvial aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, carbonate chemistry is influenced primarily at the macroscale. Under oxic conditions, respiration by native aerobic heterotrophs produces excess carbon dioxide that promotes calcite and dolomite dissolution. Aerobic microorganisms do not colonize dolomite surfaces and few occur on calcite. Within the anoxic groundwater, calcite overgrowths form on uncolonized calcite cleavage surfaces, possibly due to the consumption of acidity by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. As molecular oxygen concentration increases downgradient of the oil pool, aerobes again dominate and residual hydrocarbons and ferrous iron are oxidized, resulting in macroscale carbonate-mineral dissolution and iron precipitation.
Feldspars, in contrast, weather exclusively at the microscale near attached microorganisms, principally in the anoxic region of the plume. Native organisms preferentially colonize feldspars that contain trace phosphorus as apatite inclusions, apparently as a consequence of the low P concentration in the groundwater. These feldspars weather rapidly, whereas nearby feldspars without trace P are uncolonized and unweathered. Feldspar dissolution is accompanied by the precipitation of secondary minerals, sometimes on the bacterial cell wall itself.
These observations suggest a tightly linked biogeochemical system whereby microbial processes control mineral diagenesis at many scales of interaction, and the mineralogy and mineral chemistry influence microbial ecology. Only the macroscale interaction, however, is easily observable by standard geochemical methods, and documentation of the microscale interactions requires microscopic examination of microorganisms on mineral surfaces and the locally intense diagenetic reactions that result.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400050007","usgsCitation":"Bennett, P.C., Hiebert, F.K., and Roger, J.R., 2000, Microbial control of mineral–groundwater equilibria: Macroscale to microscale: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 47-62, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050007.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"47","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba423e4b0849ce97dc79e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiebert, Franz K.","contributorId":189403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiebert","given":"Franz","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roger, Jennifer Roberts","contributorId":187989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roger","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Roberts","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185232,"text":"70185232 - 2000 - Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:55:24","indexId":"70185232","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs","docAbstract":"Multivariate correlations between the concentrations of selected herbicides and herbicide derivatives in outflows from selected reservoirs in the Midwestern United States for April 1992 through September 1993 were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Two independent sources for alachlor ethanesulfonic acid, one major source related to spring flush and seasonal runoff and another minor source related to groundwater, were identified using PCA. Results of MCR provided a semiquantitative interpretation of the environmental sources of the observed herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflows and allowed the examination of their temporal and geographical distributions. Samples with higher herbicide concentrations were collected from reservoirs in Indiana and Ohio, especially during the late spring and summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es000884m","usgsCitation":"Tauler, R., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E., 2000, Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 16, p. 3307-3314, https://doi.org/10.1021/es000884m.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"3307","endPage":"3314","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba422e4b0849ce97dc792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tauler, R.","contributorId":189430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tauler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}