Massive polymetallic sulfides are currently being deposited around active submarine hydrothermal vents associated with spreading centers. Chemoautolithotrophic bacteria are responsible for the high production of organic matter also associated with modern submarine hydrothermal activity. Thus, there is a significant potential for organic matter/metal interactions in these systems. We have studied modern and ancient hydrothermal metal ores and modern hydrothermal fluids in order to establish the amounts and origin of the organic matter associated with the metal ores. Twenty-six samples from modern and ancient hydrothermal systems were surveyed for their total organic C contents. Organic C values ranged from 0.01% to nearly 4.0% in these samples. Metal ores from modern and ancient sediment-covered hydrothermal systems had higher organic C values than those from modern and ancient hydrothermal systems lacking appreciable sedimentary cover. One massive pyrite sample from the Galapagos spreading center (3% organic C) had stable isotope values of −27.4% (δ13C) and 2.1% (δ15N), similar to those in benthic siphonophors from active vents and distinct from seep sea sedimentary organic matter. This result coupled with other analyses (e.g. 13C NMR, pyrolysis/GC, SEM) of this and other samples suggests that much of the organic matter may originate from chemoautolithotrophic bacteria at the vents. However, the organic matter in hydrothermal metal ores from sediment covered vents probably arises from complex sedimentary organic matter by hydrothermal pyrolysis. The dissolved organic C concentrations of hydrothermal fluids from one site (Juan de Fuca Ridge) were found to be the same as that of background seawater. This result may indicate that dissolved organic C is effectively scavenged from hydrothermal fluids by biological activity or by co-precipitation with metal ores.
Preliminary results of a multidisciplinary study of cores in southwestern Lake Michigan suggest that the materials in these cores can be interpreted in terms of both isostatically and climatically induced changes in lake level. Ostracodes and mollusks are well preserved in the Holocene sediments, and they provide paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic data, as well as biogenic carbonate for stable-isotope studies and radiocarbon dating. Pollen and diatom preservation in the cores is poor, which prevents comparison with regional vegetation records. New accelerator-mass spectrometer 14C ages, from both carbon and carbonate fractions, provide basin-wide correlations and appear to resolve the longstanding problem of anomalously old ages that result from detrital organic matter in Great Lakes sediments. Several cores contain a distinct unconformity associated with the abrupt fall in lake level that occurred about 10.3 ka when the isostatically depressed North Bay outlet was uncovered by the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet. Below the unconformity, ostracode assemblages imply deep, cold water with very low total dissolved solids (TDS), and bivalves have ?? 18O (PDB) values as light as - 10 per mil. Samples from just above the unconformity contain littoral to sublittoral ostracode species that imply warmer, higher-TDS (though still dilute) water than that inferred below the unconformity. Above this zone, another interval with ?? 18O values more negative than - 10 occurs. The isotopic data suggest that two influxes of cold, isotopically light meltwater from Laurentide ice entered the lake, one shortly before 10.3 ka and the other about 9 ka. These influxes were separated by a period during which the lake was warmer, shallower, but still very low in dissolved solids. One or both of the meltwater influxes may be related to discharge from Lake Agassiz into the Great Lakes. Sedimentation rates appear to have been constant from about 10 ka to 5 ka. Bivalve shells formed between about 8 and 5 ka have ?? 18O values that range from-2.3 to-3.3 per mil and appear to decrease toward the end of the interval. The ostracode assemblages and the stable isotopes suggest changes that are climatically controlled, including fluctuating water levels and increasing dissolved solids, although the water remained relatively dilute (TDS < 300 mg/l). A dramatic decrease in sedimentation rates occurred at about 5 ka, about the time of the peak of the Nippissing high lake stage. This decrease in sedimentation rate may be associated with a large increase in effective wave base as the lake approached its present size and fetch. A dramatic reduction in ostracode and mollusk abundances during the late Holocene is probably due to this decrease in sedimentation rates, which would result in increased carbonate dissolution. Ostracode productivity may also have declined due to a reduction in bottom-water oxygen caused by increased epilimnion algal productivity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00239699","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Jones, G.A., Forester, R.M., and Foster, D., 1990, Holocene paleoclimatic evidence and sedimentation rates from a core in southwestern Lake Michigan: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 4, no. 3, p. 269-284, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00239699.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -84.935302734375,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -84.935302734375,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 41.5579215778042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31ece4b0c8380cd5e35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Glenn A.","contributorId":17779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015966,"text":"70015966 - 1990 - Coupled variations in helium isotopes and fluid chemistry: Shoshone Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T14:28:28.577866","indexId":"70015966","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled variations in helium isotopes and fluid chemistry: Shoshone Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Early studies of 3He/4He variations in geothermal systems have generally attributed these fluctuations to either differences in the source of the magmatic 3He-rich helium or to local differences in the deep flux of magmatic 3He-rich helium. Kennedy et al. (1987), however, show that near-surface processes such as boiling and dilution may also drastically affect
Sanidine separates from pumice of the early Miocene Peach Springs Tuff are concordantly dated at 18.5±0.2 Ma by two isotopic techniques. The Peach Springs Tuff is the only known unit that can be correlated between isolated outcrops of Miocene strata from the central Mojave Desert of southeastern California to the western Colorado Plateau in Arizona, across five structural provinces, a distance of 350 km. Thus the age of the Peach Springs Tuff is important to structural and paleogeographic reconstructions of a large region. Biotite and sanidine separates from bulk samples of the Peach Springs Tuff from zones of welding and vapor-phase alteration have not produced consistent ages by the K-Ar method. Published ages of mineral separates from 17 localities ranged from 16.2 to 20.5 Ma. Discordant 40Ar/39Ar incremental release spectra were obtained for one biotite and two of the sanidine separates. Ages that correspond to the last gas increments are as old as 27 Ma. The 40Ar/39Ar incremental release determinations on sanidine separated from blocks of Peach Springs Tuff pumice yield ages of 18.3±0.3 and 18.6±0.4 Ma. Laser fusion measurements yield a mean age of 18.51±0.10. The results suggest that sanidine and biotite K-Ar ages older than about 18.5 Ma are due to inherited Ar from pre-Tertiary contaminants, which likely were incorporated into the tuff during deposition. Sanidine K-Ar ages younger than 18 Ma probably indicate incomplete extraction of radiogenic 40Ar, whereas laser fusion dates of biotite and hornblende younger than 18 Ma likely are due to postdepositional alteration. Laser fusion ages as high as 19.01 Ma on biotite grains from pumice suggest that minerals from pre-Tertiary country rocks also were incorporated in the magma chamber.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB01p00571","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., Lux, D.R., Dalrymple, G.B., and Glazner, A.F., 1990, Age of the Peach Springs Tuff, southeastern California and western Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B1, p. 571-580, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB01p00571.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"580","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib01p00571","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f1e4b0c8380cd47fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, J. E.","contributorId":106140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lux, D. R.","contributorId":50581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glazner, A. F.","contributorId":91639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glazner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016423,"text":"70016423 - 1990 - Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-18T06:51:39","indexId":"70016423","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation","docAbstract":"Thorstenson and Plummer's (1977) \"stoichiometric saturation' model is reviewed, and a general relation between stoichiometric saturation Kss constants and excess free energies of mixing is derived for a binary solid-solution B1-xCxA: GE = RT[ln Kss - xln(xKCA) - (l-x)ln((l-x)KBA)]. This equation allows a suitable excess free energy function, such as Guggenheim's (1937) sub-regular function, to be fitted from experimentally determined Kss constants. Solid-phase free energies and component activity-coefficients can then be determined from one or two fitted parameters and from the endmember solubility products KBA and KCA. A general form of Lippmann's (1977,1980) \"solutus equation is derived from an examination of Lippmann's (1977,1980) \"total solubility product' model. Lippmann's II or \"total solubility product' variable is used to represent graphically not only thermodynamic equilibrium states and primary saturation states but also stoichiometric saturation and pure phase saturation states.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.290.2.164","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Reardon, E., 1990, Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation: American Journal of Science, v. 290, no. 2, p. 164-201, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.2.164.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.2.164","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"290","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b923ae4b08c986b319d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, E.J.","contributorId":47088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003604,"text":"1003604 - 1990 - Immune response of mallard ducks treated with immunosuppressive agents: Antibody response to erythrocytes and in vivo response to phytohemagglutinin-P","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T23:01:56.570927","indexId":"1003604","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immune response of mallard ducks treated with immunosuppressive agents: Antibody response to erythrocytes and in vivo response to phytohemagglutinin-P","docAbstract":"The ability of two in vivo tests to assay immune competence of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) treated with various immunomodulatory agents was examined. Skin responses to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) injected intradermally and serum antibody levels produced in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were measured. As measured by the skin response to PHA-P, ducks injected intramuscularly with cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine did not respond differently from control-injected ducks. Dexamethasone injected intramuscularly significantly suppressed the skin response to PHA-P. As measured by antibody levels in response to SRBC, ducks injected intramuscularly with cyclophosphamide responded with antibody titers similar to controls. Cyclosporine injected intramuscularly reduced the level of immunoglobulin (Ig) G significantly in one of two experiments. Dexamethasone injected intramuscularly reduced peak total and IgG titers. These experiments provide information on the viability of these two in vivo tests to reflect immune competence of mallard ducks.
The Coalinga earthquake sequence of 1983 provided a unique opportunity to perform a three-dimensional velocity and hypocenter inversion in an area of complex three-dimensional structure dominated by folding and blind thrusts. Additionally, since other varied geological and geophysical studies have been completed in this area, the three-dimensional inversion solution could be compared to other interpretations. Inversion of 7696 P and 1511 S first arrivals from earthquakes and 696 P first arrivals from refraction shots produced a three-dimensional velocity model with grid spacing of 1–2 km in the hypocentral area. The overall shape and location of velocity features correspond well to the mapped surface geology. The three-dimensional inversion yields details of folds where the resolution is good and the general shape where resolution is lower. The amounts of structural relief inferred for the local folds are similar to values inferred from geologic data. The three-dimensional velocity solution has several distinctive features. There is a linear high-velocity body (6.1–6.5 km/s), about 25 km long, from 6 to 8 km depth, that may represent a fragment of Coast Range ophiolite. A shallow low-velocity zone (LVZ), which extends for 20 km along the fold axis at about 6 km depth and correlates with LVZs observed in both the refraction and the reflection data, may indicate high pore pressure caused by lateral compressive strain. Deeper LVZs occur within inferred Franciscan material and are characterized by horizontal or southwest dipping zones of varied thickness, 4–8 km wide and 5–10 km long. These LVZs may represent multiple thrust faults. Their locations and geometry are consistent with thrust faults inferred with seismic reflection data. The three-dimensional velocity solution compares well to prior two-dimensional seismic reflection and refraction models and observed gravity. The shape of the inferred sedimentary section agrees well with the reflections from the Cenozoic strata. Compared to the refraction model, the three-dimensional solution has similar velocities and similar locations of velocity features but is more detailed in the hypocentral zone where it uses more data. The gravity computed from the three-dimensional velocities is similar to the observed gravity in both shape and amplitude. Both a simple one-dimensional initial model and a complex initial model derived from the refraction interpretation were tried. A simple starting model gave the best results. The S velocity solution has different resolution than the P velocity solution because it uses a different set of stations, and it has lower resolution because it uses fewer arrival times. While the general patterns of velocity variation are similar for both Vp and Vs, the Vs solution tends to have more smearing of velocity features and can have somewhat different locations of velocity features.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB10p15343","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Eberhart-Phillips, D., 1990, Three-dimensional P and S velocity structure in the Coalinga Region, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B10, p. 15343-15363, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB10p15343.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"15343","endPage":"15363","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb31ce4b08c986b325bab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, D.","contributorId":80428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015766,"text":"70015766 - 1990 - Determination of the accuracy and operating constants in a digitally biased ring core magnetometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T09:32:39","indexId":"70015766","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the accuracy and operating constants in a digitally biased ring core magnetometer","docAbstract":"By using a very stable voltage reference and a high precision digital-to-analog converter to set bias in digital increments, the inherently high stability and accuracy of a ring core magnetometer can be significantly enhanced. In this case it becomes possible to measure not only variations about the bias level, but to measure the entire value of the field along each magnetometer sensing axis in a nearly absolute sense. To accomplish this, one must accurately determine the value of the digital bias increment for each axis, the zero field offset value for each axis, the scale values, and the transfer coefficients (or nonorthogonality angles) for pairs of axes. This determination can be carried out very simply, using only the Earth's field, a proton magnetometer, and a tripod-mounted fixture which is capable of rotations about two axes that are mutually perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field vector. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(90)90217-L","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Green, A., 1990, Determination of the accuracy and operating constants in a digitally biased ring core magnetometer: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 119-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90217-L.","startPage":"119","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267312,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90217-L"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffd3e4b0c8380cd4f3f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, A.W. Jr.","contributorId":101007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"A.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015903,"text":"70015903 - 1990 - Trace element and isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:58:12.300978","indexId":"70015903","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element and isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center","docAbstract":"Magmatic evolution at the Lassen volcanic center (LVC) is characterized by a transition from predominantly andesitic to predominantly silicic volcanism with time. Magmas of the andesitic, or “Brokeoff phase” of volcanism range in composition from basaltic andesite io dacite, whereas those of silicic, or “Lassen phase” range in composition from basaltic andesite to rhyolite. The compositions of magmas from each phase define well organized but distinct variation trends. Compared with Brokeoff-phase magmas of similar SiO2 content, most Lassen-phase magmas contain lower concentrations of most incompatible minor and trace elements. Based on the behavior of both incompatible and compatible trace elements, the geochemical trends defined by the Brokeoff-phase magmas cannot be ascribed merely to fractional crystallization from a single or multiple mafic parental magmas, Moreover, the Lassen-phase magmas cannot be derived from the Brokeoff-phase magmas by fractional crystallization. Rather, the geochemical trends that characterize each volcanic phase define arrays that primarily indicate mixing between well-homogenized silicic and heterogeneous mafic magmas. The distinctive mixing-dominated arrays for each volcanic phase manifest the generation and evolution of two physically distinct, but genetically related magma systems. The LVC magmas have Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic characteristics that approximate two-component mixing arrays. One isotopic component is similar in composition to that of NE Pacific Ocean ridge and seamount basalts (“MORB” component), the other to mafic Mesozoic granitoids sampled from the neighboring KSamath and Sierra Nevada provinces (“KSN” component). The isotopic compositions of the most silicic LVC magmas lie within the ranges defined by the more mafic LVC magmas, which in turn lie within broad ranges defined by primitive mafic lavas sampled from the Lassen region. The lack of a correlation between the major element and isotopic compositions of LVC magmas seriously limits any model for magmatic evolution that relies on assimilation of old middle to upper crust by isotopically homogeneous mafic magmas during their ascent through the crust. Alternatively, the isotopic and geochemical uniformity of the most silicic magmas of the Brokeoff and Lassen phases suggests that they are well-homogenized partial melts. The likely source region for these silicic melts is the lower crust, which we envision to consist primarily of mafic igneous rocks that are similar in geochemical and isotopic diversity to the regional mafic lavas. Magmatic evolution at LVC can be viewed in terms of a series of mantle melting events that subsequently stimulated meiting in a progressively increasing volume of the lower crust. In general, the LVC magmas represent slightly fractionated mixtures of the mantle-derived mafic magmas and silicic partial melts of the lower crust, the latter melts increasing in relative proportion over the history of the volcanic center. The voluminous rhyolitic lavas and pyroclastic materials erupted during the early Lassen phase represent lower crustal melts thai pooled into sufficient volumes to avoid significant blending and dilution with intruding mafic magmas. The geochemical and isotopic heterogeneity of both Brokeoff-phase andésites and mafic magmatic inclusions in the silicic Lassen-phase magmas must in part record the corresponding diversity of the mantle-derived contributions to arc magmagenesis in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19671","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T., and Clynne, M., 1990, Trace element and isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19671-19691, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19671.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"19671","endPage":"19691","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb634e4b08c986b326b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016084,"text":"70016084 - 1990 - Deep drilling at the Siljan Ring impact structure: oxygen-isotope geochemistry of granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70016084","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep drilling at the Siljan Ring impact structure: oxygen-isotope geochemistry of granite","docAbstract":"The Siljan Ring is a 362-Ma-old impact structure formed in 1700-Ma-old I-type granites. A 6.8-km-deep borehole provides a vertical profile through granites and isolated horizontal diabase sills. Fluid-inclusion thermometry, and oxygen-isotope compositions of vein quartz, granite, diabase, impact melt, and pseudotachylite, reveal a complex history of fluid activity in the Siljan Ring, much of which can be related to the meteorite impact. In granites from the deep borehole, ??18O values of matrix quartz increase with depth from near 8.0 at the surface to 9.5??? at 5760 m depth. In contrast, feldspar ??18O values decrease with depth from near 10 at the surface to 7.1??? at 5760 m, forming a pattern opposite to the one defined by quartz isotopic compositions. Values of ??18O for surface granites outside the impact structure are distinct from those in near-surface samples from the deep borehole. In the deep borehole, feldspar coloration varies from brick-red at the surface to white at 5760 m, and the abundances of crack-healing calcite and other secondary minerals decrease over the same interval. Superimposed on the overall decrease in alteration intensity with depth are localized fracture zones at 4662, 5415, and 6044 m depth that contain altered granites, and which provided pathways for deep penetration of surface water. The antithetic variation of quartz and feldspar ??18O values, which can be correlated with mineralogical evidence of alteration, provides evidence for interaction between rocks and impact-heated fluids (100-300?? C) in the upper 2 km of the pluton. Penetration of water to depths below 2 km was restricted by a general decrease in impact-fracturing with depth, and by a 60-m-thick diabase sill at 1500 m depth that may have been an aquitard. At depths below 4 km in the pluton, where water/rock ratios were low, oxygen isotopic compositions preserve evidence for limited high-temperature (>500?? C) exchange between alkali feldspar and fluids. The high-temperature exchange may have been a post-impact event involving impact-heated fluids, or a post-magmatic event. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302492","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., and Valley, J., 1990, Deep drilling at the Siljan Ring impact structure: oxygen-isotope geochemistry of granite: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 105, no. 5, p. 516-532, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302492.","startPage":"516","endPage":"532","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302492"},{"id":222830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1fe4b0c8380cd4eb29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016148,"text":"70016148 - 1990 - Multivariate statistical analysis of stream-sediment geochemistry in the Grazer Paläozoikum, Austria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T15:21:08","indexId":"70016148","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate statistical analysis of stream-sediment geochemistry in the Grazer Paläozoikum, Austria","docAbstract":"The Austrian reconnaissance study of stream-sediment composition — more than 30000 clay-fraction samples collected over an area of 40000 km2 — is summarized in an atlas of regional maps that show the distributions of 35 elements. These maps, rich in information, reveal complicated patterns of element abundance that are difficult to compare on more than a small number of maps at one time. In such a study, multivariate procedures such as simultaneous R-Q mode components analysis may be helpful. They can compress a large number of variables into a much smaller number of independent linear combinations. These composite variables may be mapped and relationships sought between them and geological properties. As an example, R-Q mode components analysis is applied here to the Grazer Paläozoikum, a tectonic unit northeast of the city of Graz, which is composed of diverse lithologies and contains many mineral deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00190384","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Weber, L., and Davis, J., 1990, Multivariate statistical analysis of stream-sediment geochemistry in the Grazer Paläozoikum, Austria: Mineralium Deposita, v. 25, no. 3, p. 213-220, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00190384.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"220","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190384"},{"id":222891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60bbe4b0c8380cd7164b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, L.","contributorId":64808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016085,"text":"70016085 - 1990 - Phytoplankton productivity and biomass in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T11:56:16","indexId":"70016085","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton productivity and biomass in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Florida","docAbstract":"Phytoplankton carbon-14 productivity at a depth of 50 percent of surface light and chlorophyll-a concentrations were measured every other month from November 1985 through September 1986 at 12 stations in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system. Maximum productivity and chlorophyll-a concentrations occurred during summer or early autumn near the months of tidal rivers. Most of the variability in light-normalized productivity and chlorophyll-a could be attributed to two factors derived from Principal Component Analysis of ambient water-quality characteristics. One factor related to seasonal variability and the other to spatial variability. The seasonal factor incorporated the interaction of temperature and nutrients. The spatial factor incorporated the interaction of salinity, nutrients, and water color that resulted from the mixing of freshwater inflow and seawater. Although freshwater inflow increased the availability of nutrients in low salinity (less than 10 %) waters, the highly colored freshwater restricted light penetration and phytoplankton productivity. Maximum productivity and biomass occurred where color associated with the freshwater inflow had been diluted by seawater so that light and nutrients were both available. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were often at or below detection limit throughout most of the high salinity (greater than 20 %) waters of the estuary and was probably the most critical nutrient in limiting phytoplankton productivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01413.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., Montgomery, R.T., and Emmons, E.E., 1990, Phytoplankton productivity and biomass in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Florida: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 26, no. 5, p. 787-800, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01413.x.","startPage":"787","endPage":"800","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267710,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01413.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b3be4b0c8380cd79318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, Benjamin F.","contributorId":17965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, Ralph T.","contributorId":72132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emmons, Edward E.","contributorId":60383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016263,"text":"70016263 - 1990 - Nitrogen fixation dynamics of two diazotrophic communities in Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T15:26:34.914608","indexId":"70016263","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen fixation dynamics of two diazotrophic communities in Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"Two types of diazotrophic microbial communities were found in the littoral zone of alkaline hypersaline Mono Lake, California. One consisted of anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the flocculent surface layers of sediments. Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by flocculent surface layers occurred under anaerobic conditions, was not stimulated by light or by additions of organic substrates, and was inhibited by O2, nitrate, and ammonia. The second community consisted of a ball-shaped association of a filamentous chlorophyte (Ctenocladus circinnatus) with diazotrophic, nonheterocystous cyanobacteria, as well as anaerobic bacteria (Ctenocladus balls). Nitrogen fixation by Ctenocladus balls was usually, but not always, stimulated by light. Rates of anaerobic dark fixation equaled those in the light under air. Fixation in the light was stimulated by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea and by propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide]. 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea-elicited nitrogenase activity was inhibited by ammonia (96%) and nitrate (65%). Fixation was greatest when Ctenocladus balls were incubated anaerobically in the light with sulfide. Dark anaerobic fixation was not stimulated by organic substrates in short-term (4-h) incubations, but was in long-term (67-h) ones. Areal estimates of benthic N2 fixation were measured seasonally, using chambers. Highest rates (∼29.3 μmol of C2H4 m−2 h−1) occurred under normal diel regimens of light and dark. These estimates indicate that benthic N2 fixation has the potential to be a significant nitrogen source in Mono Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.56.3.614-622.1990","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., 1990, Nitrogen fixation dynamics of two diazotrophic communities in Mono Lake, California: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 56, no. 3, p. 614-622, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.3.614-622.1990.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"622","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479839,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.3.614-622.1990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.22637939453124,\n 37.90845010709064\n ],\n [\n -118.86245727539062,\n 37.90845010709064\n ],\n [\n -118.86245727539062,\n 38.09241741843045\n ],\n [\n -119.22637939453124,\n 38.09241741843045\n ],\n [\n -119.22637939453124,\n 37.90845010709064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66d5e4b0c8380cd72fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016317,"text":"70016317 - 1990 - Effect of anelastic and scattering structures of the lithosphere on the shape of local earthquake coda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016317","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of anelastic and scattering structures of the lithosphere on the shape of local earthquake coda","docAbstract":"A simple model of single acoustic scattering is used to study the dependence of the shape of local earthquake coda on the anelastic and scattering structures of the lithosphere. The model is applied to the coda of earthquakes located near Stone Canyon, central California, and provides an explanation for the features observed in the data, which include an interesting temporal variation in the coda shape. A surficial layer with a Q of 50 and thickness of 10 or 25 km underlain by a zone with a Q of 1000 extending to the bottom of the lithosphere, together with a scattering scale length, a, that varies with depth z according to the relation a=0.3 exp[-(z/45)2] are found to constitute the simplest structure of the medium compatible with the coda data and with body and surface wave attenuation data. The profile of heterogeneity sizes implies that the scattering strength increases strongly with depth, a constraint required by the necessity to boost the energy of the later coda without forcing the intrinsic Q to be excessively high in the uppermost mantle. This constraint is viewed as an artifact of the single scattering model which overstimates the scattering coefficient due to the neglect of multiple scattering. The observed temporal variation of the signal is difficult to explain by a simple change of the intrinsic Q at some depth. Rather, it is suggested that the scattering properties at depth changed with time through a variation of the fractional rms velocity fluctuation on the order of one percent. ?? 1990 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874367","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., 1990, Effect of anelastic and scattering structures of the lithosphere on the shape of local earthquake coda: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 132, no. 1-2, p. 289-310, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874367.","startPage":"289","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874367"},{"id":223464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05bfe4b0c8380cd50f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016260,"text":"70016260 - 1990 - Deformation monitoring at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia - October 1985 - March 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016260","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation monitoring at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia - October 1985 - March 1988","docAbstract":"Deformation studies began at Nevado del Ruiz 23 days before the devastating 13 November 1985 eruption, at least 12 months after precursory seismicity and fumarolic activity began. The late start in geodetic monitoring, limited number of stations in the pre-eruption network, and inconsistent patterns in the observed deformation limit conclusions about intrusive activity in the months and weeks prior to the eruption. However, the data require that the magma source of the devastating eruption was either deeper than 7 km or, if shallow, recovered the same volume and position within one week of the eruption. Geodetic monitoring resumed 1 week after the eruption and, by April 1986, included 11 tilt-leveling stations, 38 EDM lines, and 7 short leveling lines - a network capable of detecting emplacement or movement of magma volumes as small as 3 MCM (3 ?? 106 m3) to a depth of 2-3 km (using a point-source model), 10 MCM to 7 km, 50 MCM to 10 km, and 200 MCM to 15 km beneath Ruiz. In addition, 4 telemetered tiltmeters provided the capability of detecting, in real time, the fairly rapid ascent of much smaller magma bodies. Stations established to detect instability of the summit ice cap after the eruption were discontinued in early 1986. The data collected from the geodetic networks have higher than normal variance but demonstrate that little or no cumulative deformation of Ruiz occurred from October 1985 through March 1988. Thus, little, if any, magma intruded above 5 km beneath the summit during or after the 13 November 1985 eruption. This lack of significant intrusive activity agrees with the surprisingly low seismic energy release under Ruiz and makes direct degassing of a large batholith an improbable explanation of the large sulfur flux to date at Ruiz. Part of the variance in the geodetic data results from real but noncumulative deformation that may in part be pressure-buffered by a fairly large geothermal water-gas mixture for which abundant physical evidence exists. Part of the noncumulative deformation, some of the fairly dispersed and low-level seismicity under Ruiz, and some phreatic events appear to correlate with seasonal precipitation patterns. Hence rain/snow-loading and groundwater interaction may cause deformation events and possibly help trigger some phreatic explosions and seismic events at Ruiz and, as search of the literature reveals, at other volcanoes in metastable states. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Banks, N., Carvajal, C., Mora, H., and Tryggvason, E., 1990, Deformation monitoring at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia - October 1985 - March 1988: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 41, no. 1-4, p. 269-295.","startPage":"269","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe48e4b0c8380cd4ec38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, N.G.","contributorId":60635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carvajal, C.","contributorId":84082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carvajal","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mora, H.","contributorId":60777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tryggvason, E.","contributorId":68884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tryggvason","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016251,"text":"70016251 - 1990 - Qualitative and numerical analyses of the effects of river inflow variations on mixing diagrams in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T15:20:48.794099","indexId":"70016251","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Qualitative and numerical analyses of the effects of river inflow variations on mixing diagrams in estuaries","docAbstract":"The effects of river inflow variations on alkalinity/salinity distributions in San Francisco Bay and nitrate/salinity distributions in Delaware Bay are described. One-dimensional, advective-dispersion equations for salinity and the dissolved constituents are solved numerically and are used to simulate mixing in the estuaries. These simulations account for time-varying river inflow, variations in estuarine cross-sectional area, and longitudinally varying dispersion coefficients. The model simulates field observations better than models that use constant hydrodynamic coefficients and uniform estuarine geometry. Furthermore, field observations and model simulations are consistent with theoretical ‘predictions’ that the curvature of propery-salinity distributions depends on the relation between the estuarine residence time and the period of river concentration variation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(90)90006-D","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cifuentes, L., Schemel, L., and Sharp, J., 1990, Qualitative and numerical analyses of the effects of river inflow variations on mixing diagrams in estuaries: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 30, no. 4, p. 411-427, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(90)90006-D.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"427","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": 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37.94476518569701\n ],\n [\n -122.49525714837932,\n 37.90701439090586\n ],\n [\n -122.54311527271227,\n 37.904916556287006\n ],\n [\n -122.5058922871201,\n 37.833554601030386\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9079e4b0c8380cd7fd75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cifuentes, L.A.","contributorId":47916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cifuentes","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, J.H.","contributorId":15764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000568,"text":"1000568 - 1990 - Improved method for sectioning pectoral spines of catfish for age determination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:40:59","indexId":"1000568","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for sectioning pectoral spines of catfish for age determination","docAbstract":"Northern Brazil contains remnants of Mesozoic flood basalts and hypabyssal rocks that were apparently emplaced during tectonism related to opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Analyses and new K-Ar ages reveal that this ∼700x250 km Maranhão province (5°–8°S) has low-Ti basalts (∼1.1 wt% TiO2) in the western part that range about 160 to 190 Ma, and high-Ti basalts (3.4–4.4 wt% TiO2) in the eastern part about 115–122 Ma. Low-Ti basalt compositions are less evolved and have a smaller range, Mg# 62-56, than the high-Ti basalts, Mg# 44–33. General characteristics of the least evolved members of low- and high-Ti groups include, respectively, Zr 100 and 250 ppm, Sr 225 and 475 ppm, Ba 200 and 500 ppm, Nb 10 and 26 ppm, Y 29 and 36 ppm, La/Yb(n) 4.2 and 8.8, where La(n) is 30 and 90. Overall compositions resemble the low- and high-Ti basaltic rocks of the Mesozoic Serra Geral (Paraná) province in southern Brazil. The Maranhão low-Ti basalts have more radiogenic Sr and Pb and higher δ18O than the high-Ti basalts. Respectively, low- vs high-Ti: ɛSr26−54 vs 15−18; 206Pb/204Pb=18.25–.78 vs 18.22–.24; and δ18O 8.9–12.6 vs 6.5–8.6. Nd isotopes overlap: ɛNd−1.6 to −3.8 vs −2.1 to −3. Ages, compositions, and isotopes indicate that the low- and high-Ti groups had independent parentages from enriched subcontinental mantle. However, both groups can be modeled from one source composition if low-Ti basalt isotopes reflect crustal contamination, and if the parentages for each group were picritic liquids that represent either higher (for low-Ti) or lower (for high-Ti) percentages of melting of that single source. When comparing Pb isotopes of Maranhão and Serra Geral high-Ti basalts (uncontaminated) to evaluate the DUPAL anomaly, Maranhão has Pb Δ7/4=4.6–11, and Pb Δ8/4=72–87; Serra Geral has Pb Δ7/4=10–13, and Pb Δ8/4=95–125. The small difference is not enough to conform to DUPAL contours, and is inconsistent with large-scale isotopic heterogeneity of mantle beneath Brazil prior to rifting of South America from Africa. Maranhão low-Ti magmas probably relate to the opening of central North Atlantic, and high-Ti magmas to the opening of equatorial Atlantic. The proposed greater percentage of source melting for low-Ti basalts may reflect a Triassic-Jurassic hotspot, while lesser melting for high-Ti magmas may relate to Cretaceous decompressional (rifting) melting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00306664","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fodor, R., Sial, A., Mukasa, S., and McKee, E., 1990, Petrology, isotope characteristics, and K-Ar ages of the Maranhão, northern Brazil, Mesozoic basalt province: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 104, no. 5, p. 555-567, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00306664.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"567","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479843,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/47289>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":223506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306664"}],"volume":"104","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a785ce4b0c8380cd7869f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodor, R.V.","contributorId":106638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodor","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sial, A.N.","contributorId":85727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sial","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mukasa, S.B.","contributorId":89568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukasa","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185526,"text":"70185526 - 1989 - Can we determine the biological availability of sediment-bound trace elements?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:08:50","indexId":"70185526","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can we determine the biological availability of sediment-bound trace elements?","docAbstract":"It is clear from available data that the susceptibility of biological communities to trace element contamination differs among aquatic environments. One important reason is that the bioavailability of metals in sediments appears to be altered by variations in sediment geochemistry. However, methods for explaining or predicting the effect of sediment geochemistry upon metal bioavailability are poorly developed. Experimental studies demonstrate that ingestion of sediments and uptake from solution may both be important pathways of metal bioaccumulation in deposit/detritus feeding species. Relative importance between the two is geochemistry dependent. Geochemical characteristics of sediments also affect metal concentrations in the tissues of organisms collected from nature, but the specific mechanisms by which these characteristics influence metal bioavailability have not been rigorously demonstrated. Several prerequisites are necessary to better understand the processes that control metal bioavailability from sediments. 1) improved computational or analytical methods for analyzing distribution of metals among components of the sediments; 2) improved computational methods for assessing the influences of metal form in sediments on sediment-water metal exchange; and 3) a better understanding of the processes controlling bioaccumulation of metals from solution and food by metazoan species directly exposed to the sediments. Such capabilities would allow mechanistic explanations essential to the development of practical tools sought for determining sediment quality criteria for metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00026572","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., 1989, Can we determine the biological availability of sediment-bound trace elements?: Hydrobiologia, v. 176, no. 1, p. 379-396, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026572.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"379","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df09e4b05ec79911d1c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161943,"text":"70161943 - 1989 - Prevention of infectious diseases in aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T12:05:10","indexId":"70161943","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5037,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Prevention of infectious diseases in aquaculture","docAbstract":"Infectious diseases remain one of the most important limitations to the successful propagation of aquatic animals. Most of the losses caused by pathogens in aquaculture could be prevented by health inspection, adequate environment and sound management practices. Effective control measures, mainly based upon 1) avoidance of pathogens 2) modification of the environment 3) improvement of host resistance 4) vaccination and 5) chemoprophylaxis are described.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Verlag","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0450.1989.tb00646.x","usgsCitation":"Ahne, W., Winton, J., and Kimura, T., 1989, Prevention of infectious diseases in aquaculture: Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, v. 36, p. 561-567, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1989.tb00646.x.","productDescription":"7","startPage":"561","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e038e4b039675d005dd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahne, W.","contributorId":28554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahne","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimura, T.","contributorId":89586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70161975,"text":"70161975 - 1989 - Animal population dynamics: Identification of critical components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T12:39:56","indexId":"70161975","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Animal population dynamics: Identification of critical components","docAbstract":"There is a growing interest in the use of population dynamics models in environmental risk assessment and the promulgation of environmental regulatory policies. Unfortunately, because of species and areal differences in the physical and biotic influences on population dynamics, such models must almost inevitably be both complex and species- or site-specific. Given the emormous variety of species and sites of potential concern, this fact presents a problem; it simply is not possible to construct models for all species and circumstances. Therefore, it is useful, before building predictive population models, to discover what input parameters are of critical importance to the desired output. This information should enable the construction of simpler and more generalizable models. As a first step, it is useful to consider population models as composed to two, partly separable classes, one comprising the purely mechanical descriptors of dynamics from given demographic parameter values, and the other describing the modulation of the demographic parameters by environmental factors (changes in physical environment, species interactions, pathogens, xenobiotic chemicals). This division permits sensitivity analyses to be run on the first of these classes, providing guidance for subsequent model simplification. We here apply such a sensitivity analysis to network models of mammalian and avian population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier ","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(89)90033-1","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J., and Pikitch, E., 1989, Animal population dynamics: Identification of critical components: Ecological Modelling, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 253-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(89)90033-1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e03be4b039675d005de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pikitch, E.K.","contributorId":152152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pikitch","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70161970,"text":"70161970 - 1989 - Terrestrial population models for ecological risk assessment: A state-of-the-art review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T12:28:55","indexId":"70161970","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial population models for ecological risk assessment: A state-of-the-art review","docAbstract":"Few attempts have been made to formulate models for predicting impacts of xenobiotic chemicals on wildlife populations. However, considerable effort has been invested in wildlife optimal exploitation models. Because death from intoxication has a similar effect on population dynamics as death by harvesting, these management models are applicable to ecological risk assessment. An underlying Leslie-matrix bookkeeping formulation is widely applicable to vertebrate wildlife populations. Unfortunately, however, the various submodels that track birth, death, and dispersal rates as functions of the physical, chemical, and biotic environment are by their nature almost inevitably highly species- and locale-specific. Short-term prediction of one-time chemical applications requires only information on mortality before and after contamination. In such cases a simple matrix formulation may be adequate for risk assessment. But generally, risk must be projected over periods of a generation or more. This precludes generic protocols for risk assessment and also the ready and inexpensive predictions of a chemical's influence on a given population. When designing and applying models for ecological risk assessment at the population level, the endpoints (output) of concern must be carefully and rigorously defined. The most easily accessible and appropriate endpoints are (1) pseudoextinction (the frequency or probability of a population falling below a prespecified density), and (2) temporal mean population density. Spatial and temporal extent of predicted changes must be clearly specified a priori to avoid apparent contradictions and confusion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620080912","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J., 1989, Terrestrial population models for ecological risk assessment: A state-of-the-art review: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 8, no. 9, p. 831-842, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620080912.","productDescription":"12","startPage":"831","endPage":"842","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620080912","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314128,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.5620080912/abstract"}],"volume":"8","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e065e4b039675d005e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161952,"text":"70161952 - 1989 - Development, characterization, and use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against the myxosporean, Ceratomyxa shasta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T10:41:13","indexId":"70161952","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2272,"text":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development, characterization, and use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against the myxosporean, Ceratomyxa shasta","docAbstract":"Both monoclonal and polyclonal antisera were produced against Ceratomyxa shasta. Ascites containing trophozoites of the parasite was collected from infected fish and used as antigen for immunization of mice. The resulting monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with trophozoite and sporoblast stages but did not react with C. shasta spores by either indirect fluorescent antibody techniques or in Western blots. This indicates that some C. shasta antigens are specific to certain life stages of the parasite. Polyclonal antiserum was produced in a rabbit by injecting a spore protein electro-eluted from an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. This antiserum reacted with both trophozoites and spores by indirect fluorescent antibody techniques and in Western blots. All antisera were tested for cross-reactivity to trout white blood cells, a contaminant of the ascites, and to other myxosporea. Two monoclonal antibodies reacted with white blood cells and myxosporea of the genera Sphaerospora and Myxobilatus. One hybridoma produced antibodies of high specificity for C. shasta pre-spore stages. This is the first report of a monoclonal antibody produced against a myxosporean parasite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb05534.x","usgsCitation":"Bartholomew, J.L., Rohovec, J., and Fryer, J.L., 1989, Development, characterization, and use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against the myxosporean, Ceratomyxa shasta: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 397-401, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb05534.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"401","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e040e4b039675d005e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomew, J. L.","contributorId":91661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomew","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohovec, J. S.","contributorId":95979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohovec","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fryer, J. L.","contributorId":21900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006517,"text":"70006517 - 1989 - Behavior of fish predators and their prey: Habitat choice between open water and dense vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T22:56:17.578049","indexId":"70006517","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavior of fish predators and their prey: Habitat choice between open water and dense vegetation","docAbstract":"Behavior of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and northern pike, Esox lucius, foraging on fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, or bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, was quantified in pools with 50% cover (half the pool had artificial stems at a density of 1000 stems m−2). Both predators spent most of their time in the vegetation. Largemouth bass searched for bluegills and ambushed minnows, whereas the relatively immobile northern pike ambushed all prey. Minnows were closer to predators and were captured more frequently than bluegills. Even when minnows dispersed, they moved continually and eventually wandered within striking distance of a predator. Bluegills dispersed in the cover with predators. Bass captured the few bluegills that strayed into the open and pike captured those that approached too closely in the cover. The ability of predators to capture prey while residing in habitats containing patches of dense cover may explain their residence in areas often considered to be poor ones for foraging.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00001402","usgsCitation":"Savino, J.F., and Stein, R., 1989, Behavior of fish predators and their prey: Habitat choice between open water and dense vegetation: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 24, no. 4, p. 287-293, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00001402.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"293","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479862,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37301","text":"External Repository"},{"id":259084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f09fe4b0c8380cd4a802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Roy A.","contributorId":21494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Roy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}